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Etnobotanička studija je sprovedena kako bi se dokumentovala tradicionalna i lokalna upotreba biljaka u prevenciji i lečenju bolesti tri upravna okruga Republike Srbije – Banatskog, Šumadijskog i Zlatiborskog. Cilj istraživanja je da se ukaže na sličnosti i razlike upotrebe lekovitog bilja u ispitivanim okruzima i da se time doprinese očuvanju znanja o tradicionalnoj upotrebi biljaka u ovim delovima Srbije. Podaci su prikupljeni korišćenjem etnomedicinske ankete u kome je učestvovalo 79 ispitanika starosti od 35 do 75 godina. Familije iz kojih je najviše vrsta koje se koriste u tradicionalnoj medicini su Lamiaceae (17,9%), Rosaceae (13%), i Asteraceae (11%). Najveći broj anketiranih ispitanika sakuplja bilje (47%), i koristi ga u obliku čaja (43%) za lečenje respiratornih i gastrointestinalnih bolesti.

The territory of the Republic of Serbia is vulnerable to various natural disasters, among which forest fires stand out. In relation with climate changes, the number of forest fires in Serbia has been increasing from year to year. Protected natural areas are especially endangered by wildfires. For Nature Park Golija, as the second largest in Serbia, with an area of 75,183 ha, and with MaB Reserve Golija-Studenica on part of its territory (53,804 ha), more attention should be paid in terms of forest fire mitigation. GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis are indispensable when it comes to spatial analysis for the purpose of natural disaster risk management. Index-based and fuzzy AHP methods were used, together with TOPSIS method for forest fire susceptibility zonation. Very high and high forest fire susceptibility zone were recorded on 26.85% (Forest Fire Susceptibility Index) and 25.75% (fuzzy AHP). The additional support for forest fire prevention is realized through an additional Internet of Thing (IoT)-based sensor network that enables the continuous collection of local meteorological and environmental data, which enables low-cost and reliable real-time fire risk assessment and detection and the improved long-term and short-term forest fire susceptibility assessment. Obtained results can be applied for adequate forest fire risk management, improvement of the monitoring, and early warning systems in the Republic of Serbia, but are also important for relevant authorities at national, regional, and local level, which will be able to coordinate and intervene in a case of emergency events.

Građansko društvo nije prirodna datost, već istorijski fenomen, odnosno proizvod društvenog dogovora kojim se ljudi manje ili više dobrovoljno udružuju u političku zajednicu – predajući suverenost sami sebi – kako bi – potčinjavajući se opštoj volji kao izrazu volje za redom, jednakošću i jedinstvom čitavog političkog korpusa – napustili stanje nesigurnosti i nesputanog nasilja.

Water is one of the most precious natural resources. The downtrend in the quality of lake water and pollution with heavy metals cause serious threats to the environment in last decades. Particularly vulnerable are the lakes that are located near towns and villages. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical parameters and levels of macro– and microelements in order to determine the water quality of Lake Gruža in the summer period. The results showed that the studied parameters were within the permissible levels, except of concentrations of iron, cobalt and vanadium., Voda predstavlja jedan od najdragocenijih prirodnih resursa. Opadanje kvaliteta jezerskih voda i zagađenje teškim metalima, predstavljaju ozbiljne pretnje za životnu sredinu u poslednjih nekoliko decenija. Posebno su ugrožena jezera koja se nalaze u blizini gradova i naselja. Cilj rada bio je ispitivanje osnovnih fizičko–hemijskih parametara i sadržaja makro– i mikroelemenata kako bi se utvrdio kvalitet vode jezera Gruža u letnjem periodu. Rezultati su pokazali da su ispitivani parametri u vodi bili u okviru dozvoljenih vrednosti, osim sadržaja gvožđa, kobalta i vanadijuma.

Poznavanje ishrane riba je neophodno za utvrđivanje trofičkog statusa ekosistema i ekološke niše riba unutar tog ekosistema i korisno je za razumevanje ekologije vrsta u cilju održivog upravljanja i razvoja mera očuvanja i zaštite određenih vrsta. Analiza ishrane riba zasnovana na analizi sadržaja digestivnog trakta predstavlja standardnu praksu. Detaljna analiza ishrane riba doprinosi razumevanju trofičkih interakcija u vodenim ekosistemima i lancima ishrane vodenih organizama. Takođe, ishrana riba predstavlja integraciju veoma važnih ekoloških komponenti koje uključuju ponašanje, kondiciju, osobine staništa, potrošnju energije, interspecijske i intraspecijske odnose. Predatorstvo je jedan od glavnih međusobnih uticaja u životinjskim populacijama. U slučaju da se javi u vodenim ekosistemima, među ribljim populacijama, utiče na funkcionalnost celog ekosistema. Predatorstvo od strane grabljivih riba može drastično da redukuje gustinu i biomasu planktivornih riba, naročito juvenilnih primeraka, kao i odraslih primeraka koji su manjih dimenzija. Grabljive ribe se nalaze na kraju lanca ishrane i imaju ključnu ulogu u strukturiranju populacija vrsta na nižim trofičkim nivoima. Prekomeran razvoj fitoplanktona je jako nepoželjan simptom eutrofizacije, stoga ekolozi tvrde da grabljive ribe, svojim životnim procesima, mogu da smanje efekat planktivornih riba na zooplankton i time ublaže neke od simptoma eutrofizacije. Istraživanje za potrebe izrade ove doktorske disertacije je sprovedeno tokom 2011. i 2012. godine, a deo uzoraka je prikupljen i tokom terenskog rada u 2017. godini. Analizirana je ishrana adultnih jedinki četiri grabljive vrste riba i to smuđa, grgeča, štuke i soma, kao i juvenilnih jedinki grgeča, bodorke i uklije, prikupljenih sa šest akumulacionih jezera u Srbiji: Bovan, Gruža, Šumarice, Vrutci, Vlasina i Gazivode. Za analizu ishrane riba korišćene su tehnike kvalitativne i kvantitativne metode i izračunati su indeksi ishrane: Indeks relativne važnosti, Ind, The knowledge of fish diet is necessary to determine the trophic status of the ecosystem and the ecological niche of fish within that ecosystem and is useful for understanding ecology of species in order to sustainably manage and develop measures for the preservation and protection of certain species. The analysis of fish diet based on analysis of digestive tract content is a standard practice. A detailed analysis of fish diet contributes to the understanding of trophic interactions in aquatic ecosystems and food chains of aquatic organisms. Also, fish diet is the integration of very important ecological components that include behavior, fitness, habitat characteristics, energy consumption, interspecies and intraspecies relationships. Predation is one of the major interactions in animal populations. In case it occurs in aquatic ecosystems, among the fish populations, it affects the functionality of the whole ecosystem. Predation by piscivorous fish can drastically reduce the density and biomass of planktivorous fish, especially juvenile specimens, as well as adult specimens that are smaller in size. Predatory fish are at the end of the food chain and play a key role in the structure of populations of species at lower trophic levels. Excessive development of phytoplankton is a highly undesirable symptom of eutrophication, therefore, ecologists maintain that predatory fish, by their life processes, can reduce the effect of planktivorous fish on zooplankton and thus reduce some of the symptoms of eutrophication. The research for the needs of this doctoral dissertation was conducted during years 2011. and 2012., and a part of the samples was collected during fieldworks in 2017. The feeding of adult specimens of four species of predatory fish was analyzed, including the pikeperch, Eurasian perch, pike and European catfish, as well as the juvenile specimens of the Eurasian perch, roach and bleak, collected from six reservoirs in Serbia: Bovan, Gruža, Šumarice, Vrutci, Vla

Interkonekcija, čiji primarni cilj je omogućavanje korisnicima jednog učesnika na tržištu telekomunikacija da komuniciraju sa korisnicima drugog učesnika, odnosno, obezbeđivanje pristupa servisima koje obezbeđuje drugi učesnik, javila se nakon liberalizacije tržišta telekomunikacija. Vertikalna interkonekcija predstavlja fizičko i logičko povezivanje učesnika na različitim nivoima mreže. U okruženju budućeg Interneta, sagledavanje tehničko-ekonomskih aspekata interkonekcije predstavlja pitanje od izuzetnog značaja. U opštem slučaju, učesnici u vertikalnoj interkonekciji u okruženju budućeg Interneta mogu biti provajderi sadržaja i aplikacija, provajderi Internet servisa, Content Delivery Network (CDN) provajderi i cloud provajderi. Pojava Cloud Computing-a uvela je značajne promene u Internet okruženju koje se pre svega odnose na mogućnost pristupa skalabilnim i deljivim, fizičkim ili virtuelnim resursima. Na taj način, stvara se elastična platforma koja obezbeđuje dinamičnu i jednostavnu skalabilnost, pojednostavljuje se obezbeđivanje infrastrukture i omogućava se unapređenje performansi. Razvoj servisa i aplikacija zahtevnih u pogledu propusnog opsega praćen širom implementacijom Cloud Computing-a utiče na kontinuiran rast Internet saobraćaja, što zahteva primenu tehnologija koje mogu zadovoljiti sve strože zahteve. Kao rešenje za transportni nivo mreže, razvijene su elastične optičke mreže koje mogu obezbediti dovoljne propusne opsege uz efikasno iskorišćenje spektra. Imajući u vidu promene koje prate razvoj okruženja budućeg Interneta, kao i značaj vertikalne interkonekcije, neophodno je razmotriti i jasno definisati tehničko-ekonomske relacije između učesnika u budućem Internetu, što je predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije. U okviru disertacije predložen je model koji ima za cilj određivanje adekvatnog ugovora o interkonekciji između učesnika u vertikalnoj interkonekciji, i to provajdera sadržaja i aplikacija i provajdera Internet servisa u procesu ob, Interconnection, whose primary aim is enabling communication between end users of different undertakings, i.e. enabling access to the other undertaking's services, was introduced after the telecommunication market liberalization. Vertical interconnection represents the physical and logical linking of the undertakings on different network levels. Consideration of technical and economic aspects of the interconnection is a crucial issue in the future Internet environment. In general, undertakings in vertical interconnection in the future Internet environment include content and application providers, Internet service providers, Content Delivery Network (CDN) providers and Cloud providers. The development of Cloud Computing introduced significant changes in the Internet environment in terms of enabling access to scalable and shareable, physical or virtual resources. Therefore, the elastic platform for dynamic and simple scalability is enabled, the access to infrastructure is simplified and performances are improved. High bandwidth demanding services and applications, along with the wide adoption of Cloud Computing causes permanent growth of Internet traffic. This indicates that the introduction of new technologies, capable to satisfy high bandwidth requirements, is necessary. Elastic optical networks are proposed as a promising solution for transport networks. These networks provide enough bandwidth, along with high efficiency in spectrum utilization. Forasmuch changes in the future Internet environment and the importance of the vertical interconnection, it is mandatory to consider and properly define technical and economic relations between undertakings in the future Internet environment, which is the research subject of this doctoral dissertation. Within dissertation, a model for the determination of a proper interconnection agreement between undertakings in the vertical interconnection, content and application provider and an Internet service provider, in the content

Nove širokopojasne tehnologije i stalno rastući obim saobraćaja imaju veliki uticaj na upravljanje infrastrukturnim kapacitetima telekomunikacione mreže. Efikasno planiranje mrežnih resursa nije moguće realizovati bez primene pouzdanih modela za prognoziranje tražnje, kao i precizno odabranih veličina za karakterizaciju saobraćaja. U tom smislu, osnovni predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije su strategije proširenja mrežnih resursa, koje se oslanjaju na primenu različitih metoda planiranja telekomunikacionih mreža, sa ciljem određivanja optimalnog vremena za realizaciju proširenja. Predloženi modeli proširenja resursa mreže baziraju se na optimizaciji perioda proširenja resursa mreže uz minimizaciju troškova zagušenja i troškova neophodne opreme, pri čemu se ulazni podaci oslanjaju na prognozirane vrednosti tražnje na telekomunikacionom tržištu. Mogućnosti primene različitih metoda planiranja, u kontekstu strategije proširenja mrežnih resursa, razmatrane su na hipotetičkoj WDM mreži, sa koegzistencijom fiksnih i fleksibilnih grid tehnologija. U disertaciji su razmatrani suprotstavljeni zahtevi investicionih ulaganja u cilju brzog povraćaja uloženih sredstava i kvaliteta opsluživanja korisnika. Kompromisno rešenje predstavlja i novi pristup, predložen u disertaciji, koji se odnosi na izbor parametara za karakterizaciju mrežnog saobraćaja, sa ciljem smanjenja uticaja neizvesnosti prognoziranih podataka na odluku o proširenju kapaciteta. U tom smislu, izvršena je analiza, na osnovu koje je utvrđeno da se, poređenjem vrednosti nivoa penala funkcije troškova zagušenja, sa jedne strane i vrednosti parametra Verovatnoće blokiranja kapaciteta, sa druge, može odrediti optimalni vremenski period za sprovođenje odluke o migraciji tehnologija, u posmatranom slučaju. Među najvažnijim naučnim doprinosima disertacije, mogu se izdvojiti implementacija prognoziranih vrednosti saobraćajnih zahteva, zasnovana na primeni teorije difuzionih modela, novi optimizacioni model, kao, New broadband services and ever-increasing Internet traffic volumes have a major influence on the backbone infrastructure capacity management, raising the importance of efficient planning of network resources, based on demand forecast and the appropriate selection of traffic characterization parameters, as well. Therefore, the main subject of the research, presented in the doctoral thesis are the network resources expansion strategies, with respect of different telecommunication network planning methods. Relaying on the forecasted demand in the telecommunications market, the proposed models are used in order to determine the optimal times for network capacity expansion and the technology migration, by minimizing the equipment and congestion costs. Application of different planning methods, in the context of the network resource expansion strategies, has been considered within the hypothetical WDM network, with the coexistence of fixed and flexible grid technologies. Having in mind the contrast between network performance improvement and the investors’ interest for the longer operation of already built-in technologies, a novel approach has been proposed in order to determine the appropriate time for making the technology migration. In this sense, the traffic characterization parameters (the Penalty function and the Bandwidth Blocking Ratio) were used. The main innovative aspect of the approach proposed in the thesis considers the combination of these two metrics in order to decrease uncertainty of the forecasted demands. The other important scientific contributions of the dissertation are the traffic demand forecasting approach based on the diffusion model theory, as well as the novel multiperiod network capacity expansion model, which introduces the option of the migration to the new technology.

Prema novijim istraživanjima, kompleks Carassius auratusčini najmanje pet vrsta roda Carassius: Carassius carassius, Carassius auratus, Carassius langsdorfii, Carassius cuvieri i Carassius gibelio. Vrste ovog roda su morfološki veoma slične i nemoguće ih je razlikovati na osnovu uobičajenih morfoloških karaktera, te su ranije sve determinisane kao Carassius auratus gibelio ili Carassius gibelio. Jedina vrsta koja se značajnije razlikuje je Carassius carassius. Smara se da su vrste ovog kompleksa unesene u Evropu iz Azije u 17. veku. Najveći broj predstavnika kompleksa C. auratus je na teritoriji Evrope proteklih pedesetak godina determinisan je kao vrsta Carassius gibelio(C. auratus gibelio) (Bloch, 1783) (srebrni karaš ili babuška). S obzirom da su pripadnici ovog kompleksa registrovani u većini vodotokova Evrope, smatraju se najuspešnijom invazivnom grupom slatkovodnih riba. Zbog svojih bioloških odlika (brz rast, različiti vidovi razmnožavanja, izuzetna otpornost na nepovoljne uslove) ove vrste veoma brzo postaju kompetitivne autohtonoj ihtiofauni za hranu i stanište i neretko imaju izuzetno negativan uticaj na celokupan ekosistem koji nasele. U ovoj disertaciji prvi put je izvršena identifikacija vrsta kompleksa Carassius auratus na teritoriji Vojvodine i peripanonske oblasti primenom specifičnih genetičkih markera (dela sekvence cytb gena). Primenom linearne i geometrijske morfometrije ispitivana je morfološka varijabilnost različitih morfoloških celina (celo telo, kosti glavenog skeleta, cleithrum-a i krljušti) jedinki unutar kompleksa Carassius auratusizmeđu različitih lokaliteta sa različitim ekološkim uslovima (prisustvo predatora i protok), dok je primenom savremenih statističkih i matematičkih metoda (multi-modelne analize) analizirana dinamika rasta recentnih, kao i ranoinvazivnih populacija. Metaanalizom dostupnih podataka utvrđena je veoma široka zastupljenost populacija vrsta kompleksa C. auratus na teritoriji Srbije. Beležene populacije su uglavno, According to recent researches, Carassius auratus complex includes at least five Carassius species: Carassius carassius, Carassius auratus, Carassius langsdorfii, Carassius cuvieri and Carassius gibelio. These species are morphologically very similar and it is impossible to differentiate them on the basis of common morphological characters, so they all used to be classified as Carassius auratus gibelio or Carassius gibelio. The only species that is significantly different is Carassius carassius. It is believed that the species of this complex were brought to Europe from Asia in the 17th century. Over the last fifty years most of the members of C. auratus complex in Europe were classified as Carassius gibelio (C. auratus gibelio) (Bloch, 1783) (Silver carp or Gibel carp). Since the members of this complex have been registered in most European watercourses, they are considered to be the most successful invasive group of freshwater fish. Thanks to their biological characteristics (fast growth, different types of reproduction, remarkable resistance to unfavourable conditions) these species quickly become competitive to indigenous ichthyofauna in respect of food and habitat and they often have very negative impact on the entire ecosystem they inhabit. This dissertation identifies the species that belong to the Carassius auratus complex in /Vojvodina and peri-Pannonian region using specific genetic markers (ctyb gene sequence). Using linear and geometric morphometrics, we examined morphological variability of different morphological parts (whole body, skull bones, cleithrum and scales) of the members of Carassius auratus complex, in different localities with different ecological conditions (presence of predators and water flow). Modern statistics and mathematical methods (multi-model analysis) were used in the analysis of growth dynamics of both recent and early invasive populations. Meta-analyses of the available data have shown that there is a wide population of C.

Bežične mesh mreže – WMN (Wireless Mesh Network) predstavljaju noviji trend u bežičnim komunikacijama kojim se obezbeđuje veća fleksibilnost, pouzdanost i bolje performanse nego standardnim bežičnim lokalnim mrežama. Imajući u vidu sve veće potrebe korisnika za brzim i efikasnim prenosom podataka, kao i prenosom multimedijalnih (govornih i video) sadržaja, povećanje protoka, ostvareno uvođenjem višekanalnih višeinterfejsnih – MCMI (Multi Channel Multi Interface) WMN, i vođenje računa o kvalitetu servisa, QoS (Quality of Service), predstavljaju glavne izazove u projektovanju WMN. Kako bi se ostvarile što bolje mrežne performanse neophodno je definisati protokole i metrike rutiranja kojima se određuje optimalna putanja između izvorišnog i odredišnog čvora. S obzirom da WMN karakteriše velika dinamika signala, posebno u kompleksnim okruženjima (sa stanovišta radio pokrivanja), kakva su zatvoreni objekti, u okviru doktorske disertacije definisane su metrike rutiranja koje mogu da isprate brze promene uslova propagacije koje se dešavaju na svakom pojedinačnom linku u mreži. Predložene su tri nove metrike: powerETX (Expected Transmission Count), powerWCETT (Weighted Cumulative Expected Transmission Time) i powerMIC (Metric of Interference and Channel-switching), koje u cenu linka, osim parametara definisanih u okviru postojećih metrika ETX, WCETT i MIC, respektivno, uključuju i parametar koji zavisi od nivoa snage signala na prijemu. Nove metrike obezbeđuju veće protoke korisničkih podataka i manje kašnjenje s kraja na kraj u poređenju sa postojećim, a njihova praktična realizacija moguća je bez dodatnih hardverskih ulaganja, i uz minimalne softverske izmene. Imajući u vidu da postojeći algoritmi dodele kanala ne uključuju QoS podršku u MCMI-WMN, i da se prenos multimedijalnih sadržaja obavlja uz neprihvatljiva kašnjenja, predložen je novi protokol za sloj linka, QoS-HMCP (QoS-Hybrid Multi Channel Protocol), koji uvodi podršku QoS kroz EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel A, Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a new trend in wireless communications which provide greater flexibility, reliability and better network performances than standard wireless local area networks. Having in mind the growing demand for the fast and efficient data transfer as well as multimedia transmission (voice and video), the major challenges in designing WMN are increasing throughput (by introducing multichannel multi-interfaces (MCMI) approach into the WMN), and taking into account the quality of service (QoS). To achieve the best network performances, it is necessary to define protocols and routing metrics that determine the optimal path between the source and the destination node. Since the WMN is characterized by high dynamics of the signal, especially in complex environments (from the radio coverage point of view), such as those found indoors, routing metrics that can track fast changes in propagation conditions at each link in the network, are proposed in this dissertation. The link costs of the three new metrics, powerETX (Expected Transmission Count), powerWCETT (Weighted Cumulative Expected Transmission Time) and powerMIC (Metric of Interference and Channel-switching), besides the parameters defined in the existing ETX, WCETT and MIC metrics, respectively, include the parameter that depends on the received signal level. In comparison with existing metrics, these new metrics not only provide a greater data throughput and less average end-to-end delay, but also can be realized without any additional hardware and with minimal software changes. Keeping in mind that existing channel assignment (CA) algorithms do not include QoS support in MCMI-WMNs and that the multimedia transmission can suffer from unacceptable delays, a new protocol for link layer QoS-HMCP (QoS Hybrid Multi-Channel Protocol) which introduces QoS support through EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) mechanism, and uses the good characteristics of the hybrid CA algorithm defined by HMCP

By combining the methods for determining the relative weights of the criteria and standard methods of ranking of alternatives, one makes optimal decisions about a certain issue, regardless of the nature of the parameters that describe it. Selection of materials handling equipment for typical conditions and working environment is one of the problems of multi-criteria analysis, i.e. the selection procedure is not sufficiently structured, dependent on broad areas of knowledge, and requires the application of efficient and effective tool for decision making. The proposed methodology of equipment selection is a combination of positive experiences in the application of known methods of decision-making and their modifications (Fuzzy AHP and VIKOR). In this case, process of the forming of system alternatives and defining criteria are illustrated in a numerical example of the equipment (device) selection within the transport and handling mechanization (trucks - forklift).