Author: "Mark I van Berge Henegouwen" / Search Limiters: Full Text - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

249 results on '"Mark I van Berge Henegouwen"'

1. Effect of goal-directed therapy on outcome after esophageal surgery: A quality improvement study.

Author: Denise P Veelo, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen, Kirsten S Ouwehand, Bart F Geerts, Maarten C J Anderegg, Susan van Dieren, Benedikt Preckel, Jan M Binnekade, Suzanne S Gisbertz, and Markus W Hollmann
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Goal-directed therapy (GDT) can reduce postoperative complications in high-risk surgery patients. It is uncertain whether GDT has the same benefits in patients undergoing esophageal surgery. Goal of this Quality Improvement study was to evaluate the effects of a stroke volume guided GDT on post-operative outcome. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We compared the postoperative outcome of patients undergoing esophagectomy before (99 patients) and after (100 patients) implementation of GDT. There was no difference in the proportion of patients with a complication (56% vs. 54%, p = 0.82), hospital stay and mortality. The incidence of prolonged ICU stay (>48 hours) was reduced (28% vs. 12, p = .005) in patients treated with GDT. Secondary analysis of complication rate showed a decrease in pneumonia (29 vs. 15%, p = .02), mediastinal abscesses (12 vs. 3%, p = .02), and gastric tube necrosis (5% vs. 0%, p = .03) in patients treated with GDT. Patients in the GDT group received significantly less fluids but received more colloids. CONCLUSIONS:The implementation of GDT during esophagectomy was not associated with reductions in overall morbidity, mortality and hospital length of stay. However, we observed a decrease in pneumonia, mediastinal abscesses, gastric tube necrosis, and ICU length of stay.
Published: 2017
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2. The pluripotency factor NANOG contributes to mesenchymal plasticity and is predictive for outcome in esophageal adenocarcinoma

Author: Amber P. van der Zalm, Mark P. G. Dings, Paul Manoukian, Hannah Boersma, Reimer Janssen, Peter Bailey, Jan Koster, Danny Zwijnenburg, Richard Volckmann, Sanne Bootsma, Cynthia Waasdorp, Monique van Mourik, Dionne Blangé, Tom van den Ende, César I. Oyarce, Sarah Derks, Aafke Creemers, Eva A. Ebbing, Gerrit K. Hooijer, Sybren L. Meijer, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Jan Paul Medema, Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven, and Maarten F. Bijlsma
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Despite the advent of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT), overall survival rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remain low. A readily induced mesenchymal transition of EAC cells contributes to resistance to CRT. Methods In this study, we aimed to chart the heterogeneity in cell state transition after CRT and to identify its underpinnings. A panel of 12 esophageal cultures were treated with CRT and ranked by their relative epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. RNA-sequencing was performed on 100 pre-treatment biopsies. After RNA-sequencing, Ridge regression analysis was applied to correlate gene expression to ranked plasticity, and models were developed to predict mesenchymal transitions in patients. Plasticity score predictions of the three highest significant predictive models were projected on the pre-treatment biopsies and related to clinical outcome data. Motif enrichment analysis of the genes associated with all three models was performed. Results This study reveals NANOG as the key associated transcription factor predicting mesenchymal plasticity in EAC. Expression of NANOG in pre-treatment biopsies is highly associated with poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation, the occurrence of recurrences, and median overall survival difference in EAC patients (>48 months). Perturbation of NANOG reduces plasticity and resensitizes cell lines, organoid cultures, and patient-derived in vivo grafts. Conclusions In conclusion, NANOG is a key transcription factor in mesenchymal plasticity in EAC and a promising predictive marker for outcome.
Published: 2024
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3. 18F-FDG PET-CT after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer Patients to Optimize Surgical Decision Making.

Author: Maarten C J Anderegg, Elisabeth J de Groof, Suzanne S Gisbertz, Roel J Bennink, Sjoerd M Lagarde, Jean H G Klinkenbijl, Marcel G W Dijkgraaf, Jacques J G H M Bergman, Maarten C C M Hulshof, Hanneke W M van Laarhoven, and Mark I van Berge Henegouwen
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Prognosis of esophageal cancer patients can be significantly improved by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Given the aggressive nature of esophageal tumors, it is conceivable that in a significant portion of patients treated with nCRT, dissemination already becomes manifest during the period of nCRT. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the value and diagnostic accuracy of PET-CT after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy to identify patients with metastases preoperatively in order to prevent non-curative surgery.From January 2011 until February 2013 esophageal cancer patients deemed eligible for a curative approach with nCRT and surgical resection underwent a PET-CT after completion of nCRT. If abnormalities on PET-CT were suspected metastases, histological proof was acquired. A clinical decision model was designed to assess the cost-effectiveness of this diagnostic strategy.156 patients underwent a PET-CT after nCRT. In 31 patients (19.9%) PET-CT showed abnormalities suspicious for dissemination, resulting in 17 cases of proven metastases (10.9%). Of the patients without proven metastases 133 patients were operated. In 6 of these 133 cases distant metastases were detected intraoperatively, corresponding to 4.5% false-negative results. The standard introduction of a post-neoadjuvant therapy PET-CT led to a reduction of overall health care costs per patient compared to a scenario without restaging with PET-CT ($34,088 vs. $36,490).In 10.9% of esophageal cancer patients distant metastases were detected by standard PET-CT after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. To avoid non-curative resections we advocate post-neoadjuvant therapy PET-CT as a cost-effective step in the standard work-up of candidates for surgery.
Published: 2015
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4. Surgeon Preference and Clinical Outcome of 3D Vision Compared to 2D Vision in Laparoscopic Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Author: Rawin Amiri, BSc, Maurice J. W. Zwart, PhD, Leia R. Jones, BSc, Mohammad Abu Hilal, PhD, FRCS, Harrie P. Beerlage, PhD, FEBU, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, PhD, Wytze W. Lameris, PhD, Willem A. Bemelman, PhD, and Marc G. Besselink, MD, MSc, PhD
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Objective:. To assess the added value of 3-dimensional (3D) vision, including high definition (HD) technology, in laparoscopic surgery in terms of surgeon preference and clinical outcome. Background:. The use of 3D vision in laparoscopic surgery has been suggested to improve surgical performance. However, the added value of 3D vision remains unclear as a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing 3D vision including HD technology in laparoscopic surgery is currently lacking. Methods:. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines with a literature search up to May 2023 using PubMed and Embase (PROSPERO, CRD42021290426). We included RCTs comparing 3D versus 2-dimensional (2D) vision in laparoscopic surgery. The primary outcome was operative time. Meta-analyses were performed using the random effects model to estimate the pooled effect size expressed in standard mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The level of evidence and quality was assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results:. Overall, 25 RCTs with 3003 patients were included. Operative time was reduced by 3D vision (−8.0%; SMD, −0.22; 95% CI, −0.37 to −0.06; P = 0.007; n = 3003; 24 studies; I2 = 75%) compared to 2D vision. This benefit was mostly seen in bariatric surgery (−16.3%; 95% CI, −1.28 to −0.21; P = 0.006; 2 studies; n = 58; I2 = 0%) and general surgery (−6.7%; 95% CI, −0.34 to −0.01; P = 0.036; 9 studies; n = 1056; I2 = 41%). Blood loss was nonsignificantly reduced by 3D vision (SMD, −0.33; 95% CI, −0.68 to 0.017; P = 0.060; n = 1830; I2 = 92%). No differences in the rates of morbidity (14.9% vs 13.5%, P = 0.644), mortality (0% vs 0%), conversion (0.8% vs 0.9%, P = 0.898), and hospital stay (9.6 vs 10.5 days, P = 0.078) were found between 3D and 2D vision. In 15 RCTs that reported on surgeon preference, 13 (87%) reported that the majority of surgeons favored 3D vision. Conclusions:. Across 25 RCTs, this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated shorter operative time with 3D vision in laparoscopic surgery, without differences in other outcomes. The majority of surgeons participating in the RCTs reported in favor of 3D vision.
Published: 2024
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5. Phenotypic immune characterization of gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas reveals profound immune suppression in esophageal tumor locations

Author: Tessa S. Groen-van Schooten, Micaela Harrasser, Jens Seidel, Emma N. Bos, Tania Fleitas, Monique van Mourik, Roos E. Pouw, Ruben S. A. Goedegebuure, Benthe H. Doeve, Jasper Sanders, Joris Bos, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Victor L. J. L. Thijssen, Nicole C. T. van Grieken, Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven, Tanja D. de Gruijl, and Sarah Derks
Subjects: tumor microenvironment, single cell flow cytometry, biomarkers, HER2, MSI, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: BackgroundTumors in the distal esophagus (EAC), gastro-esophageal junction including cardia (GEJAC), and stomach (GAC) develop in close proximity and show strong similarities on a molecular and cellular level. However, recent clinical data showed that the effectiveness of chemo-immunotherapy is limited to a subset of GEAC patients and that EACs and GEJACs generally benefit less from checkpoint inhibition compared to GACs. As the composition of the tumor immune microenvironment drives response to (immuno)therapy we here performed a detailed immune analysis of a large series of GEACs to facilitate the development of a more individualized immunomodulatory strategy.MethodsExtensive immunophenotyping was performed by 14-color flow cytometry in a prospective study to detail the immune composition of untreated gastro-esophageal cancers (n=104) using fresh tumor biopsies of 35 EACs, 38 GEJACs and 31 GACs. The immune cell composition of GEACs was characterized and correlated with clinicopathologic features such as tumor location, MSI and HER2 status. The spatial immune architecture of a subset of tumors (n=30) was evaluated using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) which allowed us to determine the tumor infiltration status of CD3+, CD8+, FoxP3+, CD163+ and Ki67+ cells.ResultsImmunophenotyping revealed that the tumor immune microenvironment of GEACs is heterogeneous and that immune suppressive cell populations such as monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) are more abundant in EACs compared to GACs (p
Published: 2024
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6. Radiomics in Oesogastric Cancer: Staging and Prediction of Preoperative Treatment Response: A Narrative Review and the Results of Personal Experience

Author: Giovanni Maria Garbarino, Michela Polici, Damiano Caruso, Andrea Laghi, Paolo Mercantini, Emanuela Pilozzi, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Nicole C. T. van Grieken, Eva Berardi, and Gianluca Costa
Subjects: radiomics, texture analysis, gastric cancer, oesophageal cancer, oesophagogastric junction cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Background: Oesophageal, gastroesophageal, and gastric malignancies are often diagnosed at locally advanced stage and multimodal therapy is recommended to increase the chances of survival. However, given the significant variation in treatment response, there is a clear imperative to refine patient stratification. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the existing evidence and the potential of radiomics to improve staging and prediction of treatment response of oesogastric cancers. Methods: The references for this review article were identified via MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus searches with the terms “radiomics”, “texture analysis”, “oesophageal cancer”, “gastroesophageal junction cancer”, “oesophagogastric junction cancer”, “gastric cancer”, “stomach cancer”, “staging”, and “treatment response” until May 2024. Results: Radiomics proved to be effective in improving disease staging and prediction of treatment response for both oesophageal and gastric cancer with all imaging modalities (TC, MRI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT). The literature data on the application of radiomics to gastroesophageal junction cancer are very scarce. Radiomics models perform better when integrating different imaging modalities compared to a single radiology method and when combining clinical to radiomics features compared to only a radiomics signature. Conclusions: Radiomics shows potential in noninvasive staging and predicting response to preoperative therapy among patients with locally advanced oesogastric cancer. As a future perspective, the incorporation of molecular subgroup analysis to clinical and radiomic features may even increase the effectiveness of these predictive and prognostic models.
Published: 2024
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7. Longitudinal immune monitoring of patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with Neoadjuvant PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition

Author: Tom van den Ende, Aiarpi Ezdoglian, Lisanne M. Baas, Joyce Bakker, Sinéad M. Lougheed, Micaela Harrasser, Cynthia Waasdorp, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Maarten C.C.M. Hulshof, Nadia Haj Mohammad, Richard van Hillegersberg, Stella Mook, Conny J. van der Laken, Nicole C.T. van Grieken, Sarah Derks, Maarten F. Bijlsma, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven, and Tanja D. de Gruijl
Subjects: Chemotherapy, esophageal neoplasm, immune system, immunotherapy, Neoadjuvant, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: ABSTRACTThe analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by flow cytometry holds promise as a platform for immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) biomarker identification. Our aim was to characterize the systemic immune compartment in resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant ICI therapy. In total, 24 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) from the PERFECT study (NCT03087864) were included and 26 patients from a previously published nCRT cohort. Blood samples were collected at baseline, on-treatment, before and after surgery. Response groups for comparison were defined as pathological complete responders (pCR) or patients with pathological residual disease (non-pCR). Based on multicolor flow cytometry of PBMCs, an immunosuppressive phenotype was observed in the non-pCR group of the PERFECT cohort, characterized by a higher percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs), intermediate monocytes, and a lower percentage of type-2 conventional dendritic cells. A further increase in activated Tregs was observed in non-pCR patients on-treatment. These findings were not associated with a poor response in the nCRT cohort. At baseline, immunosuppressive cytokines were elevated in the non-pCR group of the PERFECT study. The suppressive subsets correlated at baseline with a Wnt/β-Catenin gene expression signature and on-treatment with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis signatures from tumor biopsies. After surgery monocyte activation (CD40), low CD8+Ki67+ T cell rates, and the enrichment of CD206+ monocytes were related to early recurrence. These findings highlight systemic barriers to effective ICI and the need for optimized treatment regimens.
Published: 2023
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8. Impact of malnutrition on early outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Author: Aya Riad, Stephen R Knight, Dhruv Ghosh, Pamela A Kingsley, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Sudha Sundar, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Apple P Valparaiso, Riinu Pius, Catherine A Shaw, Thomas M Drake, Lisa Norman, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Adewale O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Aneel Bhangu, Bruce M Biccard, Peter Brocklehurst, Sorrel Burden, Kathryn Chu, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Anna J Dare, Muhammed Elhadi, Cameron J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, James Glasbey, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, J.C. Allen Ingabire, T Peter Kingham, Ismaïl Lawani, Bettina Lieske, Richard Lilford, Laura Magill, Mayaba Maimbo, Janet Martin, Sonia Mathai, Kenneth A McLean, Rachel Moore, Dion Morton, Dmitri Nepogodiev, John Norrie, Faustin Ntirenganya, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Rajkumar Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Tracey E Roberts, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana Simões, Richard JE Skipworth, Richard T Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Evropi Theodoratou, Hannah Thomas, Thomas G Weiser, Malcolm West, John Whitaker, Edwin Yenli, and Ewen M Harrison
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Malnutrition represents a key priority for global health policy, yet the impact of nutritional state on cancer surgery worldwide remains poorly described. We aimed to analyse the effect of malnutrition on early postoperative outcomes following elective surgery for colorectal or gastric cancer. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal or gastric cancer between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019. Patients were excluded if the primary pathology was benign, they presented with cancer recurrence, or if they underwent emergency surgery (within 72 h of hospital admission). Malnutrition was defined with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria. The primary outcome was death or a major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression and a three-way mediation analysis were done to establish the relationship between country income group, nutritional status, and 30-day postoperative outcomes. Findings: This study included 5709 patients (4593 with colorectal cancer and 1116 with gastric cancer) from 381 hospitals in 75 countries. The mean age was 64·8 years (SD 13·5) and 2432 (42·6%) patients were female . Severe malnutrition was present in 1899 (33·3%) of 5709 patients, with a disproportionate burden in upper-middle-income countries (504 [44·4%] of 1135) and low-income and lower-middle-income countries (601 [62·5%] of 962). After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, severe malnutrition was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality across all country income groups (high income: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1·96 [95% CI 1·14–3·37], p=0·015; upper-middle income: 3·05 [1·45–6·42], p=0·003; low income and lower-middle income: 11·57 [5·87–22·80], p
Published: 2023
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9. Vacuum-stent: A combination of endoscopic vacuum therapy and an intraluminal stent for treatment of esophageal transmural defects

Author: Lisanne M. D. Pattynama, Wietse J. Eshuis, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Jacques J. G. H. M. Bergman, and Roos E. Pouw
Subjects: VACStent, endoscopic vacuum therapy, esophagus, perforation, anastomotic leakage, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: IntroductionEndoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has gained a greater role in management of transmural defects in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including anastomotic leakage and esophageal perforation (e.g. Boerhaave syndrome and iatrogenic causes). The vacuum-stent is a new treatment modality, combining the benefits of EVT and an intraluminal stent.Patients and methodsThis prospective case series describes the first ten cases of a transmural defect in the upper GI tract treated with a vacuum-stent in a tertiary referral center. All patients signed informed consent for prospective registration of relevant data on treatment and outcomes in a specially designed database. Outcome parameters were successful closure of the defect, number of endoscopies, duration of treatment and adverse events.ResultsIn total, ten patients treated with a vacuum-stent were included. Eight patients had anastomotic leakage after esophageal resection, of whom six were treated with vacuum-sponge and vacuum-stent, and two with vacuum-stent only. One patient had Boerhaave syndrome, treated with vacuum-sponge and vacuum-stent, and one had an iatrogenic perforation during pneumodilation for achalasia, treated with vacuum-stent only. Success rate was 100%, requiring a median of 5 (IQR 3–12) EVT-related endoscopies with a treatment course of median 18 (IQR 12–59) days. One patient developed an esophageal stricture, but no other vacuum-stent related adverse events were observed.ConclusionThe vacuum-stent, which combines benefits of EVT and an intraluminal stent, shows great feasibility and efficacy in treatment of transmural defects in the upper GI tract. Future studies should point out whether this device can prevent major (re-)surgery in these patients.
Published: 2023
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10. Extended mobility scale (AMEXO) for assessing mobilization and setting goals after gastrointestinal and oncological surgery: a before-after study

Author: José L. Boerrigter, Sven J. G. Geelen, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Willem A. Bemelman, Susan van Dieren, Janneke M. de Man-van Ginkel, Marike van der Schaaf, Anne M. Eskes, and Marc G. Besselink
Subjects: Early ambulation [MESH], Mobility limitation [MESH], Postoperative period [MESH], Patient outcome assessment [MESH], Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Abstract Background Early structured mobilization has become a key element of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs to improve patient outcomes and decrease length of hospital stay. With the intention to assess and improve early mobilization levels, the 8-point ordinal John Hopkins Highest Level of Mobility (JH-HLM) scale was implemented at two gastrointestinal and oncological surgery wards in the Netherlands. After the implementation, however, healthcare professionals perceived a ceiling effect in assessing mobilization after gastrointestinal and oncological surgery. This study aimed to quantify this perceived ceiling effect, and aimed to determine if extending the JH-HLM scale with four additional response categories into the AMsterdam UMC EXtension of the JOhn HOpkins Highest Level of mObility (AMEXO) scale reduced this ceiling effect. Methods All patients who underwent gastrointestinal and oncological surgery and had a mobility score on the first postoperative day before (July–December 2018) or after (July–December 2019) extending the JH-HLM into the AMEXO scale were included. The primary outcome was the before-after difference in the percentage of ceiling effects on the first three postoperative days. Furthermore, the before-after changes and distributions in mobility scores were evaluated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to assess these differences. Results Overall, 373 patients were included (JH-HLM n = 135; AMEXO n = 238). On the first postoperative day, 61 (45.2%) patients scored the highest possible mobility score before extending the JH-HLM into the AMEXO as compared to 4 (1.7%) patients after (OR = 0.021, CI = 0.007–0.059, p
Published: 2022
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11. Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management of Chyle Leak Following Esophagectomy for Cancers

Author: Sivesh K. Kamarajah, BMedSci, MBChB, MRCS, Manjunath Siddaiah-Subramanya, MD, Alessandro Parente, MD, Richard P. T. Evans, MRCS, MBChB, Ademola Adeyeye, MD, Alan Ainsworth, MD, Alberto M. L. Takahashi, MD, Alex Charalabopoulos, MD, Andrew Chang, MD, Atila Eroglue, MD, Bas Wijnhoven, MD, Claire Donohoe, MD, Daniela Molena, MD, Eider Talavera-Urquijo, MD, Flavio Roberto Takeda, MD, Gail Darling, MD, German Rosero, MD, Guillaume Piessen, MD, Hans Mahendran, MD, Hsu Po Kuei, MD, Ines Gockel, MD, Ionut Negoi, MD, Jacopo Weindelmayer, MD, Jari Rasanen, MD, Kebebe Bekele, MD, Guowei Kim, MD, Lieven Depypere, MD, Lorenzo Ferri, MD, Magnus Nilsson, MD, Frederik Klevebro, MD, B. Mark Smithers, MD, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, MD, Peter Grimminger, MD, Paul M. Schneider, MD, C. S. Pramesh, MD, Raza Sayyed, MD, Richard Babor, MD, Shinji Mine, MD, Simon Law, MD, Suzanne Gisbertz, MD, Tim Bright, MD, Xavier Benoit D’Journo, MD, Donald Low, MD, Pritam Singh, PhD FRCS, Ewen A Griffiths, MD, FRCS, and on behalf of the Oesophagogastric Anastomosis Audit collaborative
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Objective:. This Delphi exercise aimed to gather consensus surrounding risk factors, diagnosis, and management of chyle leaks after esophagectomy and to develop recommendations for clinical practice. Background:. Chyle leaks following esophagectomy for malignancy are uncommon. Although they are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, diagnosis and management of these patients remain controversial and a challenge globally. Methods:. This was a modified Delphi exercise was delivered to clinicians across the oesophagogastric anastomosis collaborative. A 5-staged iterative process was used to gather consensus on clinical practice, including a scoping systematic review (stage 1), 2 rounds of anonymous electronic voting (stages 2 and 3), data-based analysis (stage 4), and guideline and consensus development (stage 5). Stratified analyses were performed by surgeon specialty and surgeon volume. Results:. In stage 1, the steering committee proposed areas of uncertainty across 5 domains: risk factors, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative management (ie, diagnosis, severity, and treatment). In stages 2 and 3, 275 and 250 respondents respectively participated in online voting. Consensus was achieved on intraoperative thoracic duct ligation, postoperative diagnosis by milky chest drain output and biochemical testing with triglycerides and chylomicrons, assessing severity with volume of chest drain over 24 hours and a step-up approach in the management of chyle leaks. Stratified analyses demonstrated consistent results. In stage 4, data from the Oesophagogastric Anastomosis Audit demonstrated that chyle leaks occurred in 5.4% (122/2247). Increasing chyle leak grades were associated with higher rates of pulmonary complications, return to theater, prolonged length of stay, and 90-day mortality. In stage 5, 41 surgeons developed a set of recommendations in the intraoperative techniques, diagnosis, and management of chyle leaks. Conclusions:. Several areas of consensus were reached surrounding diagnosis and management of chyle leaks following esophagectomy for malignancy. Guidance in clinical practice through adaptation of recommendations from this consensus may help in the prevention of, timely diagnosis, and management of chyle leaks.
Published: 2022
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12. Differences in health care experiences between rare cancer and common cancer patients: results from a national cross-sectional survey

Author: Eline de Heus, Vivian Engelen, Irene Dingemans, Carol Richel, Marga Schrieks, Jan Maarten van der Zwan, Marc G. Besselink, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Carla M. L. van Herpen, and Saskia F. A. Duijts
Subjects: Expertise, Health care, Hospital choice, Oncology, Patient experience, Rare cancer, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Patients with rare cancers face challenges in the diagnostic and treatment phase, and in access to clinical expertise. Since studies on health care experiences of these patients in comparison to patients with more common cancers are scarce, we aimed to explore these differences. Methods Data were cross-sectionally collected among (former) adult cancer patients through a national online survey in the Netherlands (October 2019). Descriptive statistics were reported and subgroups (rare vs. common patients) were compared. Results In total, 7343 patients (i.e., 1856 rare and 5487 common cancer patients) participated. Rare cancer patients were more often diagnosed and treated in different hospitals compared to common cancer patients (67% vs. 59%, p
Published: 2021
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13. Investigating and Compensating for Periphery-Center Effect among Commercial Near Infrared Imaging Systems Using an Indocyanine Green Phantom

Author: Johanna J. Joosten, Paul R. Bloemen, Richard M. van den Elzen, Jeffrey Dalli, Ronan A. Cahill, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Roel Hompes, and Daniel M. de Bruin
Subjects: near infrared imaging, phantom, image guided surgery, light distribution, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Near infrared imaging (NIR) camera systems have been clinically deployed to visualize intravenous injected indocyanine green (ICG) spreading through the vascular bed, thereby creating the ability to assess tissue perfusion. While standardization is key to make fluorescence angiography (FA) comparable and reproducible, optical characteristics like field illumination homogeneity are often not considered. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate light distribution and the center-periphery effect among five different NIR imaging devices in an indocyanine green phantom. A 13 × 13 cm fluorescence phantom was created by diluting ICG in Intralipid (representing 0.1 mg/kg dose in an 80 kg reference male), to evaluate the overall spatial collection efficiency with fluorescent modalities of five different NIR camera systems using a 0-degree laparoscope. The fluorescence signal from the phantom was quantified at a fixed distance of 16 cm using tailor-made software in Python. The results showed considerable variability in regard to light distribution among the five camera systems, especially toward the periphery of the field of view. In conclusion, NIR signal distribution varies between different systems and within the same displayed image. The fluorescence intensity diminishes peripherally away from the center of the field of view. These optical phenomena need to be considered when clinically interpreting the signal and in the development of computational fluorescence quantification.
Published: 2023
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14. A population-based study in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer aligned with CheckMate 577

Author: Marieke Pape, Pauline A.J. Vissers, Laurens V. Beerepoot, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Sjoerd M. Lagarde, Stella Mook, Markus Moehler, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven, and Rob H.A. Verhoeven
Subjects: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Background: Results of CheckMate 577 show an improved disease-free survival for patients with resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer treated with adjuvant nivolumab compared with placebo (22.4 versus 11.0 months). Population-based data can provide insights in outcomes from clinical practice. The aim of our study was to investigate disease-free and overall survival in a nationwide population aligned with the inclusion criteria of CheckMate 577. Patients and Methods: Resected patients with stage II/III esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer (2015–2016) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients with cervical esophageal cancer, irradical resection, or complete pathological response were excluded. Disease-free and overall survival were assessed from 12 weeks after resection using Kaplan-Meier methods. In addition, to adjust for differences in characteristics between CheckMate 577 and our population-based cohort, a matching-adjusted indirect comparison was performed for pathological lymph node status and pathological tumor status. Results: We identified 634 patients. Sixty percent of patients were diagnosed with recurrence or were deceased at the end of follow-up. Median disease-free survival was 19.7 months and median overall survival was 32.2 months. After the matching procedure, the median disease-free survival was 17.2 months and median overall survival was 28.2 months. Conclusions: Disease-free survival in our population-based study was considerably longer than the placebo population of CheckMate-577 (19.7 versus 11.0 months). Possible explanations are differences in characteristics, quality of esophageal cancer care, or differential strategies for evaluation of recurrence. In the Netherlands postoperative imaging is not part of the standard follow-up as opposed to the standard postoperative imaging in the CheckMate 577 trial. The difference in postoperative imaging could partially explain the longer disease-free survival observed in our study. Quality and optimization of current treatment modalities remain important aspects of esophageal cancer care.
Published: 2022
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15. Microscopic tumor spread beyond (echo)endoscopically determined tumor borders in esophageal cancer

Author: Melanie Machiels, Maurits L. van Montfoort, Nikki B. Thuijs, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Tanja Alderliesten, Sybren L. Meijer, Jeanin E. van Hooft, and Maarten C. C. M. Hulshof
Subjects: Esophageal cancer, Microscopic tumor spread, Clinical target volume, Endoscopy, Fiducial markers, Radiotherapy, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Abstract Objective The microscopic tumor spread (MS) beyond the macroscopic tumor borders of esophageal tumors is crucial for determining the clinical target volume (CTV) in radiotherapy. The question arises whether current voluminous CTV margins of 3–5 cm around the macroscopic gross tumor volume (GTV) to account for MS are still accurate when fiducial markers are used for GTV determination. We aimed to pathologically validate the use of fiducial markers placed on the (echo)endoscopically determined tumor border (EDTB) as a surrogate for macroscopic tumor borders and to analyse the MS beyond EDTBs. Methods Thirty-three consecutive esophageal cancer patients treated with neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after (echo)endoscopic fiducial marker implantation at cranial and caudal EDTB were included in this study. Fiducial marker positions were detected in the surgical specimens under CT guidance and demarcated with beads, and subsequently analysed for macroscopic tumor spread and MS beyond the demarcations. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predicting factors for MS beyond EDTB. Results A total of 60 EDTBs were examined in 32 patients. In 50% of patients no or only partial regression of tumor in response to therapy (≥Mandard 3) or higher was seen (i.e., residual tumor group) and included for MS analysis. None had macroscopic tumor spread beyond EDTBs. In the residual tumor group, only 20 and 21% of the cranial and caudal EDTBs were crossed with a maximum of 9 mm and 16 mm MS, respectively. This MS was corrected for each individual determined contraction rate (mean: 93%). Presence of MS beyond EDTB was significantly associated with initial tumor length (p = 0.028). Conclusion Our results validate the use of fiducial markers on EDTB as a surrogate for macroscopic tumor and indicate that CTV margins around the GTV to compensate for MS along the esophageal wall can be limited to 1–1.5 cm, when the GTV is determined with fiducial markers.
Published: 2019
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16. Hospital Variation in Feeding Jejunostomy Policy for Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Author: Maurits R. Visser, Jennifer Straatman, Daan M. Voeten, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Jelle. P. Ruurda, Misha D. P. Luyer, Pieter C. van der Sluis, Donald L. van der Peet, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, and Richard van Hillegersberg
Subjects: esophageal carcinoma, feeding jejunostomy, minimally invasive esophagectomy, complications, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate hospital variation in the placement, surgical techniques, and safety of feeding jejunostomies (FJ) during minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in the Netherlands. This nationwide cohort study analyzed patients registered in the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA) that underwent MIE for cancer. Hospital variation in FJ placement rates were investigated using case-mix corrected funnel plots. Short-term outcomes were compared between patients with and without FJ using multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis. The incidence of FJ-related complications was described and compared between hospitals performing routine and non-routine placement (≥90%–p < 0.001). Significant hospital variation in the use of FJs after MIE exists in the Netherlands. No effect of FJs on complications was observed. FJs can be placed safely, with lower FJ-related complication rates, in centers performing routine placement.
Published: 2022
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17. Identification of Novel Molecular Subgroups in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma to Predict Response to Neo-Adjuvant Therapies

Author: Sanne J. M. Hoefnagel, Willem J. Koemans, Hina N. Khan, Jan Koster, Sybren L. Meijer, Jolanda M. van Dieren, Liudmila L. Kodach, Johanna W. van Sandick, Silvia Calpe, Carmen M. del Sancho-Serra, Ana C. P. Correia, Mark I. Van Berge Henegouwen, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Maarten C. C. M. Hulshof, Sandro Mattioli, Manon C. W. Spaander, and Kausilia K. Krishnadath
Subjects: esophageal adenocarcinoma, RNA sequencing, subgroups, predicting response to therapy, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly aggressive cancer and its response to chemo- and radiotherapy is unpredictable. EACs are highly heterogeneous at the molecular level. The aim of this study was to perform gene expression analysis of EACs to identify distinct molecular subgroups and to investigate expression signatures in relation to treatment response. In this prospective observational study, RNA sequencing was performed on pre-treatment endoscopic EAC biopsies from a discovery cohort included between 2012 and 2017 in one Dutch Academic Center. Four additional cohorts were analyzed for validation purposes. Unsupervised clustering was performed on 107 patients to identify biological EAC subgroups. Specific cell signaling profiles were identified and evaluated with respect to predicting response to neo-adjuvant chemo(radio)therapy. We identified and validated three distinct biological EAC subgroups, characterized by (1) p38 MAPK/Toll-like receptor signaling; (2) activated immune system; and (3) impaired cell adhesion. Subgroup 1 was associated with poor response to chemo-radiotherapy. Moreover, an immune signature with activated T-cell signaling, and increased number of activated CD4 T memory cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and decreased M1 and M2 macrophages and plasma cells, was associated with complete histopathological response. This study provides a novel molecular classification for EACs. EAC subgroup 1 proved to be more therapy-resistant, while immune signaling was increased in patients with complete response to chemo-radiotherapy. Our findings give insight into the biology of EACs and in cellular signaling mechanisms underlying response to neo-adjuvant treatment. Future implementation of this classification will improve patient stratification and enhance the development of targeted therapies.
Published: 2022
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18. Trends in Distal Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer Care

Author: Misha D. P. Luyer, Guusje Vugts, Renu R. Bahadoer, Marc J. van Det, Willem J. Koemans, Meindert N. Sosef, B. Görgec, Fatih Polat, Rene Scheer, Baukje Brattinga, Philip P. van der Linden, Cettela A. M. Slootmans, Richard van Hillegersberg, Marianne C Kalff, Erwin van der Harst, Marinus J. Wiezer, Frederik Lecot, Camiel Rosman, Jean-Pierre E. N. Pierie, Jan Willem Haveman, Pim B. Olthof, Peter C. Baas, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Wendy Kelder, Víola B. Weeda, Annette D. van Dalsen, E. G. J. M. Robert Pierik, Marcia P. Gaspersz, Joos Heisterkamp, Eric J. T. Belt, Sjoerd M. Lagarde, Daan M. Voeten, Jelle P. Ruurda, Fanny J. Stoop, Peter van Duijvendijk, Linda Claassen, Victor D. Plat, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Grard A. P. Nieuwenhuijzen, Jan Willem T. Dekker, Admira Ćosović, David Crull, Hein B. A. C. Stockmann, Richard P. R. Groenendijk, Guy H. E. J. Vijgen, Odin V. Sosef, Wietse J. Eshuis, Manon Drost, Martijn G. H. van Oijen, Ewout A. Kouwenhoven, Freek Daams, Wobbe O. de Steur, Johanna W. van Sandick, Henk H. Hartgrink, Donald L. van der Peet, Stijn van Esser, B. Feike Kingma, and Surgery
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, complications, business.industry, General surgery, neo-adjuvant treatment, Cancer, medicine.disease, Gastroesophageal Junction, survival, Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14], All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, esophagectomy, Surgery, esophageal cancer, business, minimally invasive surgery
Abstract: Objective: This study evaluated the nationwide trends in care and accompanied postoperative outcomes for patients with distal esophageal and gastro-esophageal junction cancer.Summary of Background Data: The introduction of transthoracic esophagectomy, minimally invasive surgery, and neo-adjuvant chemo(radio)therapy changed care for patients with esophageal cancer.Methods: Patients after elective transthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy for distal esophageal or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma in the Netherlands between 2007-2016 were included. The primary aim was to evaluate trends in both care and postoperative outcomes for the included patients. Additionally, postoperative outcomes after transthoracic and tran-shiatal esophagectomy were compared, stratified by time periods.Results: Among 4712 patients included, 74% had distal esophageal tumors and 87% had adenocarcinomas. Between 2007 and 2016, the proportion of transthoracic esophagectomy increased from 41% to 81%, and neo-adjuvant treatment and minimally invasive esophagectomy increased from 31% to 96%, and from 7% to 80%, respectively. Over this 10-year period, postoperative outcomes improved: postoperative morbidity decreased from 66.6% to 61.8% (P = 0.001), R0 resection rate increased from 90.0% to 96.5% (P Conclusion: In this nationwide cohort, a transition towards more neo-adju-vant treatment, transthoracic esophagectomy and minimally invasive surgery was observed over a 10-year period, accompanied by decreased postoperative morbidity, improved surgical radicality and lymph node harvest, and improved survival.
Published: 2023

19. Preoperative Risk Stratification in Esophageal Cancer Surgery:Comparing Risk Models with the Clinical Judgment of the Surgeon

Author: Eliza R. C. Hagens, Nanke Cui, Susan van Dieren, Wietse J. Eshuis, Wytze Laméris, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Epidemiology and Data Science, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, AGEM - Digestive immunity, APH - Methodology, CCA -Cancer Center Amsterdam, and CCA - Imaging and biomarkers
Subjects: Oncology, Surgery
Abstract: Background Numerous prediction models estimating the risk of complications after esophagectomy exist but are rarely used in practice. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical judgment of surgeons using these prediction models. Methods Patients with resectable esophageal cancer who underwent an esophagectomy were included in this prospective study. Prediction models for postoperative complications after esophagectomy were selected by a systematic literature search. Clinical judgment was given by three surgeons, indicating their estimated risk for postoperative complications in percentage categories. The best performing prediction model was compared with the judgment of the surgeons, using the net reclassification improvement (NRI), category-free NRI (cfNRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) indexes. Results Overall, 159 patients were included between March 2019 and July 2021, of whom 88 patients (55%) developed a complication. The best performing prediction model showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.56. The three surgeons had an AUC of 0.53, 0.55, and 0.59, respectively, and all surgeons showed negative percentages of cfNRIevents and IDIevents, and positive percentages of cfNRInonevents and IDIevents. This indicates that in the group of patients with postoperative complications, the prediction model performed better, whereas in the group of patients without postoperative complications, the surgeons performed better. NRIoverall was 18% for one surgeon, while the remainder of the NRIoverall, cfNRIoverall and IDIoverall scores showed small differences between surgeons and the prediction models. Conclusion Prediction models tend to overestimate the risk of any complication, whereas surgeons tend to underestimate this risk. Overall, surgeons’ estimations differ between surgeons and vary between similar to slightly better than the prediction models.
Published: 2023

20. Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery

Author: Knight, Sr, Chu, K, Lapitan, Mc, Dare, Aj, Pius, R, Shaw, Ca, Drake, Tm, Norman, L, Ademuyiwa, Ao, Adisa, Ao, Aguilera, Ml, Al-Saqqa, Sw, Al-Slaibi, I, Bhangu, A, Biccard, Bm, Brocklehurst, P, Costas-Chavarri, A, Elhadi, M, Fairfield, Cj, Fitzgerald, Je, Ghosh, D, Glasbey, J, Henegouwen, Miv, Ingabire, Jca, Kingham, Tp, Lawani, I, Lieske, B, Lilford, R, Martin, J, Mclean, Ka, Moore, R, Morton, D, Nepogodiev, D, Ntirenganya, F, Pata, F, Pinkney, T, Stephen, R Knight, Catherine, A Shaw, Riinu, Pius, Thomas, M Drake, Lisa, Norman, Adesoji, O Ademuyiwa, Adewale, O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara, W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim, Al-Slaibi, Aneel, Bhangu, Bruce, M Biccard, Peter, Brocklehurst, Ainhoa, Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn, Chu, Anna, Dare, Muhammed, Elhadi, Cameron, J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv, Ghosh, James, Glasbey, Mark, I van Berge Henegouwen, C Allen Ingabire, J, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl, Lawani, Bettina, Lieske, Richard, Lilford, Janet, Martin, Kenneth, A McLean, Rachel, Moore, Dion, Morton, Dmitri, Nepogodiev, Faustin, Ntirenganya, Francesco, Pata, Thomas, Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya, Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana, Simões, Richard, Spence, Neil, Smart, Stephen, Tabiri, Hannah, Thomas, Thomas, G Weiser, Malcolm, West, John, Whitaker, Ewen, M Harrison, Arben, Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian, King, Erick, Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade, Waterman, Dominique, Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol, Sokolov, Venerand, Barendegere, Gerald, Ekwen, Arnav, Agarwal, Qinyang, Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques, Bake, Jakov, Mihanovic, Kamila, Kunčarová, Julius, Orhalmi, Hosni, Salem, Jyri, Teras, Aristotelis, Kechagias, Alexis, P Arnaud, Judith, Lindert, Vasileios, Kalles, Maria-Lorena, Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo, Recinos, Zsolt, Baranyai, Basant, Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip, Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, Pramesh, C, Radhian, Amandito, Christina, Fleming, Luca, Ansaloni, Gianluca, Pellino, Ahmed, M Altibi, Ibrahim, Nour, Intisar, Hamdun, Ali, M Ghellai, Donatas, Venskutonis, Tomas, Poskus, Justas, Zilinskas, Precious, Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine, Borg, Sarah, Ellul, Fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David, W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron, Wells, Harissou, Adamou, Adesoji, Ademuyiwa, Adewale, Adisa, Kjetil, Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid, Alser, Haya, Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr, Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey, Litvin, Armen, Vardanyan, Ahmad, Gudal, Naif, Albati, Jovan, Juloski, Miran, Rems, Sarah, Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan, Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime, Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar, Homeida, Yucel, Cengiz, Daniel, Clerc, Muhammad, Alshaar, Hanen, Bouaziz, Yuksel, Altinel, Matthew, Doe, Maryna, Freigofer, Ella, Teasdale, Rakan, Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan, Ashfaq, Ijeoma, Azodo, Gabriela, Wagner, Ivan, Trostchansky, Mayaba, Maimbo, David, Linyama, Helidon, Nina, Amanda, Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago, Villalobos, Federico, Carballo, Pablo, Farina, Sebastian, Guckenheimer, Marilla, Dickfos, Ankit, Ajmera, Chester, Chong, Ralph, Gourlay, Sikandar, Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb, Majid, Peter, Martin, Rebecca, Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie, Phua, William, Ridley, Tarunpreet, Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen, Teh, Anna, Wells, Bharti, Arora, Qaasim, Dollie, Debbie, Ho, Yanru, Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony, Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan, Lim, Upuli, Pahalawatta, Jacqueline, Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea, Yeoh, Lillian, Charman, Andrew, Drane, Sharon, Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy, Mozes, Rita, Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen, Wall, Prakshi, Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal, Dhital, Brian, Draganic, Alexander, Duller, Jonathan, Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan, Mcmanus, Prakash, Nagappan, Peter, Pockney, Anya, Rugendyke, Mahsa, Sarrami, Stephen, Smith, Vanessa, Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey, Ye, Geoffrey, Zhang, Ethan, Brooker, Daniel, Feng, Bonnie, Lau, Carlin, Ngai, Sarah, Birks, David, Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali, Abbosh, Chris, Gillespie, Ahmed, Mahmoud, Bianca, Kwan, Joshua, Lawson, Andrea, Warwick, Janne, Bingham, Andrew, J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan, Ellaby-Hall, Ben, Finlay, Emily, Humphries, Jade, Pisaniello, Monique, Pisaniello, Salma, Salih, Tarik, Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola, Hayward, Kartik, Iyer, Guy, Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga, Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy, Yeo, Lucy, Hempenstall, Lily, Pham, Shaun, Purcell, Cherry, Talavera, Ashish, I Vaska, Gurpreet, Chaggar, Phillip, Chrapko, Annelise, Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame, Ctercteko, James, French, Houchen, Gong, Martijn, Gosselink, Thuvarahan, Jegathees, Ivan, Jin, Michelle, Kalachov, Kathryn, Kiefhaber, Katherine, Lee, Jason, Luong, Steven, Phan, Henry, Pleass, Kelly, Veale, Zhi, Zeng, Angela, Au, Ashe, Debiasio, Idy, Deng, Jananee, Myooran, Amrita, Nair, Peter, Stewart, Anton, Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin, Wimmer, Nabila, Ahmed, Syed, Hasan, Saber, Rahman, Margaret, O'Shea, Greg, Padmore, Adrian, Peters, Pietro, Perduca, Guenda, Pulcina, Nicolas, Tinton, Frederic, Buxant, Elsa, Dabin, Giulia, Garofalo, Francis, Dossou, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Pako, Motlaleselelo, Omphile, Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia, Batashki, Nikolai, Damianov, Vladislav, Stoyanov, Dragomir, Dardanov, Svilen, Maslyankov, Plamen, Petkov, George, Todorov, Evgeni, Zhivkov, Aygulya, Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno, Genov, Ivelina, Ilieva, Tsvetomir, Ivanov, Martin, Karamanliev, Azhar, Khan, Emil, Mitkov, Tsanko, Yotsov, Boyko, Atanasov, Nikolay, Belev, Mihail, Slavchev, Carlos, Nsengiyumva, Elgan, Jones, Simon, Stock, Steve, Kyota, James, Brown, Tresor Mabanza, K, Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi, Otuneme, Ngwang, Prosper, Franklin, Umenze, Marylise, Boutros, Natasha, Caminsky, Sinziana, Dumitra, Richard, Garfinkle, Dominique, Morency, Ebram, Salama, Alexander, Banks, Lorenzo, Ferri, Haitian, He, Amit, Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis, Meterissian, Allison, Pang, Elena, Parvez, Usmaan, Hameed, Fahima, Osman, Sangita, Sequeira, Natalie, Coburn, Alisha, Jaffer, Paul, Karanicolas, Matthew, Mosseler, Reilly, Musselman, Xinyuan, Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina, Guzman, Sebastian, Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul, Camelo, Andrea, Gonzalez, Alejandro, González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe, Gonzalez, Andres, Isaza-Restrepo, Laura, Nino-Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Justin, Tsandiraki, Damir, Jemendžić, Branislav, Kocman, Oliver, Šuman, Renata, Canic, Darko, Jurišić, Ivana, Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka, Pitlovic, Josip, Samardžić, Mario, Kopljar, Ivan, Bacic, Edgar, Domini, Robert, Karlo, Danijela, Miljanić, Andrea, Simic, Mariam, Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya, Altaf, Talal, Amjad, Ruba, Eltoum, Heba, Haidar, Alhassan, Hassan, Omar, Khalil, Marwan, Qasem, Rommel, Ramesh, Gautham, Sajith, Maham, Wisal, Jan, Žatecký, Michele, Bujda, Katerina, Jirankova, Ales, Paclik, Aya, Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-Sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan, Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed, Fadel, Abdullah, Habater, Heba, Hamdy, Amr, Hefni, Marwa, Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed, Sayed, Nancy, Shaker, Ehab, Taha, Hoda, Tharwat, Omar, Zakaria, Ibrahem, Abdelmotaleb, Ali, Al-Dhufri, Hamza, S Al-Himyari, Enas El Sheikh, Asmaa, Eldmaty, Aya, Elkhalawy, Ahmed, M Elkhashen, Kithara, Magdy, Safa, Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed Mahmoud Saleh, Dina, Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud, A Nassar, Samar, Abdelhady, Aly, Abdelrazek, Israa, Abdelsalam, Aya, El-Sawy, Eman, Essam, Mohamed, Gadelkarim, Khaled, Ghaly, Mohamed, Hassabalnaby, Rana, Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed, Sabry, Menatalla, Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin, Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El Soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala, Borham, Nehal, Elmeslemany, Mohammad, Elsayed, Fawzia, Elsherif, Sara, Eslam, Gehad, Gaber, Sondos, Ibrahim, Yara, Kamh, Abdelrahman, Mahmoud, Shimaa Gamal Mohamed, Eman, Morshedy, Cinderella, Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza, Abdelkawy, Naglaa, Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Ahmed, Dahy, Norhan, Gamal, Mohammed, Gamal, Ahmad, Hasan, Helal, Hetta, Nehad, Mousa, Mohamed, Omar, Somia, Rabie, Mahmoud, Saad, Bakeer, Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad, Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa, Alnoury, Mohamed, Elbealawy, Ahmed, Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah, Ghonaim, Fawzy, Hgag, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Mahmoud, Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed, Refaat, Hadeer, Samir, Fatma, Shahien, Mohamed, Sobhy, Fathy, Sroor, Esraa, Abdellatif, Marina, Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman, Afifi, Marco, Antaky, Amr, Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira, El-Remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed, Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar, Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak, Munir, Omar, Shazly, Esraa, Taha, Karim, Wilson, Sawsan, Adel, Asmaa, Ali, Esraa, Eid, Esraa, Elhelow, Marwa, Elmahdy, Bassant, Elshatby, Amany Hossam El-Din Zakaria, Ahmad, Hossny, Eman, Ibrahim, Ahmed, M Yonis, Maram, Metwalli, Basant, Yousry, Esraa, Zid, Mina, A Yacoub, Ahmed, Abdelhakim, Nervana, Abouelsoad, Mo'Min, Alkhatib, Ahmed, Ashraf, Alaa, Ashraf, Yasmin, Elazab, Mahmoud, Elfanty, Osama, Elkabir, Mai, Elsayed, Ahmed, Elshimy, Hager, Elsobky, John, Eskander, Ahmed, Gad, Ward, Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna, Magdy, Dalia, Moharam, Abeer, Osama, Shereen, Ramadan, Radwa, Roum, Taqwa, Sayed, Tarneem, Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid, Abbas, Amr, Ali, Mohamed, Attia, Mohamed, Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed, Elfallal, Hossam, Elfeki, Ahmed, Elkhadragy, Sameh, Emile, Helmy, Ezzat, Hasnaa, Hosni, Islam, Mansour, Waleed, Omar, Gehad, Othman, Kareem, Sadek, Mostafa, Shalaby, Noura, Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas Khalifa, Helmy, Badr, Mostafa, Eldeep, Ahmed, Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky Mohammed, Salwa, Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia, Mahmoud, Pola, Mikhail, Mahmoud, Morsi, Sara, Mowafy, Dina, Raafat, Amina, Safy, Marwa, Sera, Ahmed Shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad, Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber, Ahmed, Shireen, Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim Negm, Mina, Lapic, Ahmed, Maher, Hagar, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Mostafa, Mohamed, Samir, Fatma, Samy, Nourhan, Semeda, Hind, I Shalaby, Alaa, El-Taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed, Hussein, Ahmed, A Kandil, Moawad, Mf, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa, Soliman, Mohamed, Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy, Abdou, Khalid, Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman, Emara, Mohamed, Hamdy, Omar, Hamdy, Amira, Haron, Salma, Ismail, Islam Hany Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed, Nassar, Basel, Refky, Mirna, Sadek, Mahmoud, Saleh, Asmaa, Yunes, Mai, Zakaria, Mohammed, Zuhdy, Notila, Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander, Kütner, Priit, Melnik, Indrek, Seire, Toomas, Ümarik, Eppu, Ainoa, Verner, Eerola, Hanna, Koppatz, Laura, Koskenvuo, Ville, Sallinen, Sini, Takala, Jevgeni, Katunin, Arto, Turunen, Niki, Christou, Muriel, Mathonnet, Vincent, Lavoue, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie, Soulabaille, Romain, Lesourd, Aude, Merdrignac, Laurent, Sulpice, Benoît, André, Elodie, Chantalat, Charlotte, Vaysse, Bertrand, Dousset, Sebastien, Gaujoux, Gregory, Martin, Octavian, Clonda, Domantas, Juodis, Klaus, Kienle, Andras, Mravik, Samuel, Palmer, Gabor, Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon, Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu, Naabo, Atta Owusu Senior, Joseph, Yorke, Frank, Owusu, Francis, Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed, Sheriff, Paul, M Wondoh, Dimitrios, Balalis, Dimitrios, Korkolis, Georgios, Gkiokas, Eirini, Pantiora, Theodosios, Theodosopoulos, Argyrios, Ioannidis, Konstantinos, Konstantinidis, Sofia, Konstantinidou, Nikolaos, Machairas, Anna, Paspala, Anastasia, Prodromidou, Christos, Chouliaras, Konstantinos, Papadopoulos, Ioannis, Baloyiannis, Ioannis, Mamaloudis, George, Tzovaras, Ioanna, Akrida, Maria-Ioanna, Argentou, Stylianos, Germanos, Evangelos, Iliopoulos, Ioannis, Maroulis, George, Skroubis, George, Theofanis, Christos, Chatzakis, Orestis, Ioannidis, Lydia, Loutzidou, Panagiotis, Karathanasis, Nikolaos, Michalopoulos, Charalampos, Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios, Theodorou, Tania, Triantafyllou, Zoe, Garoufalia, Natasha, Hasemaki, Michalis, Kontos, Gregory, Kouraklis, Stylianos, 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Telma, Fonseca, Jorge, Pereira, Juan, Rachadell, Ana, Torre, Filipe Madeira Martins, Ana Cristina Carvalho, Joana Rodrigues Ferreira, Bruno Ribeiro da Silva, Helena, Devesa, Ana, Vieira, Inês, Mónica, Margarida, Amaro, Diogo, Sousa, Marta, Reia, João, Louro, Ana, Martins, Joaquina, Dominguez, Inês, Santos, Nuno Miguel Freitas Oliveira, José Carlos Pereira, Pedro, Silva-Vaz, Ligia, Freire, Ricardo, Escrevente, Valentina Madalina Negoita, Dmitry, Shakhmatov, Yves, Nezerwa, Radosav, Radulovic, Gareth, Obery, Francois, Viljoen, Tome, Mendes, Antonio, Suarez, Enrique, Moncada, Maria, Fernandez-Hevia, Carolina Curtis Martínez, Julia Maria Gil Garcia, Mariana González Zunzarren, Tarig, Idris, Karolina, Eklöv, Oskar, Grahn, Leila, Amin, Malin, Blomqvist, Costanza, Ajani, Rebecca, Kraus, Nico, Seeger, Melissa, Willemin, Fadi, Rayya, Mohammad, Ayash, Raneem, Msouti, Israa, Kannas, Eias, Abazid, Asil, Esper, Skander, Slim, Akil Serdar Kavcar, Erman, Aytac, Ahmet Cem Dural, Ayse, Ilker, Ismail Cem Eray, Eray, Kurnaz, Saygin, Altiner, Mustafa Deniz Tepe, Can, Şahin, Evrim, Savli, Aryon, Innocent, Lilian, Babirye, Andrii, Diachenko, Vladislav, Hordoskiy, Heather, Curry, Charlene Yat Che Chau, Harry, Robertson, Arin, Mahmoud, Hannah, Lennon, Lynette, Loi, Emily, Kirkham, Cameron, Mccann, Daniel, Watts, Binay, Gurung, Michael, Wilson, Thomas, Tribedi, Eleonora, Garofalo, Baryab, Zahra, Scott, Macdonald, Ian, Daniels, Nathan, Ng, Shivun, Khosla, James, Olivier, Sum Yu Pansy Yue, Gayathri, Suresh, Jack, Wellington, Emmanuel, Lorejo, Mafdi, Mossaad, Madison, Crutcher, Marjan, Alimi, Ioana, Baiu, Hossam, Abdou, Alison, Conway, Connor, Peck, Mauro Andres Perdomo Perez, Stanley, Zulu, Mildred, Nakazwe, Sule, Burger, Justine, Davies, Rachel, Donaldson, Chikwendu, Ede, O James Garden, Chiapo, Lesetedi, Charles, Mabedi, Laura, Magill, Felix Makinde Alakaloko, Alex, Makupe, Mark, Monahan, Soloman, Mulira, Elmi, Muller, Jospeh, Musowoyo, Jean Léon Olory-Togbe, Tracey, Roberts, Martin, Smith, 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Harmony Impellizzeri, Marco Inama, Gianluigi Moretto, Sylvie Mochet, Elisa Ponte, Antonella Usai, Stefano Mancini, Andrea Sagnotta, Luigi Solinas, Elisa Bolzonaro, Nicolò Tamini, Gianluca Curletti, Raffaele Galleano, Michele Malerba, Sofia Campanella, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Francesco Colli, Paolino De Marco, Nicolò Falco, Tommaso Fontana, Leonel Jospin Kamdem Mambou, Antonella La Brocca, Leo Licari, Brenda Randisi, Giovanna Rizzo, Giulia Rotolo, Giuseppe Salamone, Roberta Tutino, Paolina Venturelli, Stefano Malabarba, Alessandro Sgrò, Ivan Vella, Bruno Cirillo, Daniele Crocetti, Giorgio De Toma, Pierfrancesco Lapolla, Andrea Mingoli, Paolo Sapienza, Angela Belvedere, Stefania Bianchini, Margherita Binetti, Arianna Birindelli, Valeria Tonini, Mauro Podda, Fabio Pulighe, Michele De Rosa, Lorenzo Bono, Felice Borghi, Paolo Geretto, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Corrado Lauro, Alessandra Marano, Luca Pellegrino, Paola Salusso, Diego Sasia, Michela Campanelli, Alberto Realis Luc, Mario Trompetto, Roberto Cardia, Nicola Cillara, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Antonio Costanzo, Mario Alessandro Giovilli, Luca Turati, Silvestro Canonico, Gianluca Pellino, Guido Sciaudone, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Nader Albsoul, Ahmad AlBsoul, Ala'a Aldeen Alkhatib, Osama Alsallaq, Justin Z Amarin, Rami Ayoub, Isam Bsisu, M S El Muhtaseb, Mohammad Jabaiti, Jamal Melhem, Ibrahim Nour, Yasmeen Z Qwaider, Mohammad Hasan Salameh, Ahmad Suleihat, Haya H Suradi, Mohammad Alammarin, Almoutuz Aljaafreh, Mohammad Bani Hani, Zeina Bani Hani, Farah Bani Hani, Toqa Fahmawee, Shadi Hamouri, Cyrine Katanani, Ra'fat Tawalbeh, Tamara Tawalbeh, Hassan Zawahrah, Mohamad K Abou Chaar, Lana Abusalem, Mahmoud Al-Masri, Hani Al-Najjar, Lutfi Barghuthi, Zahra Ahmed, Adnan Maulana, Omar Ngotho, Charbel Kamau, Aruyaru Stanley Mwenda, Fridah Bosire, Elizabeth Mwachiro, Robert Parker, Ian Simel, Kimutai Sylvester, Abdulmunem Ahmed Mustafa Althini, Sofian Elbarouni, Aya Elseed Elbeshina, Ahmed Gwea, Ans Malek, Wedad Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej Abo-Khammash, Ma'aly Abuhlaiga, Nour Adnan, Marwa Albaggar, Asma Alfitory, Asma Aljanfi, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Zohoor Altumei, Fatima Alzabti, Hana Ashoushan, Mohamed Assalhi, Joma Azzubia, Sondos Bnhameida, Malik Delhen, Houssein Elshafei, Hana Elteir, Fatima Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma Hamouda, Hamdan Hilan, Rania Ismail, Fieruz Jebran, Muataz Kasbour, Galia Maderi, Saja Mohammad, Burooj Mohammed, Habib Murtadi, Hamassat Mustafa, Mohamed Rajab, Sarah Trenba, Mariam Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas Almigheerbi, Ahmed Alzahaf, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud Elshaibani, Haitem Eswaye, Maha Karar, Samah Omar, Eman Younes, Maha Younes, Dafer Zreeg, Saleh Abujamra, Firas Ashour, Mala Elgammudi, Wesal Omar F Aljadidi, Enas Saddouh, Randa Sharif, Aya Alabuzidi, AbdulMawlay Alwerfally, Sarra Aribi, Fatma Bibas, Taha Elfaituri, Yasmine Elhajjaji, Ala Khaled, Wegdan Khalil, Tesneem Layas, Enas Soula, Ahmed Tarek, Muad Fathi Khalleefah Abu Hallalah, Saleh Abujamra, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi, Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevicius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agne Cizauskaite, Sarunas Dailidenas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautiene, Narimantas Samalavicius, Dainius Simcikas, Algirdas Slepavicius, Albinas Tamosiunas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Zeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juočas, Egle Kubiliute, Juozas Kutkevičius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Parseliunas, Andrejus Subocius, Donatas Venskutonis, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikyte, Algirdas Bogusevicius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Čepuliené, Ieva Cesleviciene, Vaidotas Cesna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavicius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaitè, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaitè, Matas Pažusis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelytè, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevičius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryzauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makūnaitè, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Precious Malemia, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia Yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, P G Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng, Yuki Julius Ng We Yong, Kandasami Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter, Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi Zakaria, Fitjerald Henry, Thyivya Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Jonathan Chen Ken Seak, Sui-Weng Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Elaine Borg, Zachary Busuttil, Thomas Calleja, Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Sarah Ellul, Joseph Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth Gatt, Lisa Kelman, Elizabeth Micallef, Favour Nwolu, Kim Sammut, Joanna Thompson, Sean Warwicker, Matthew Zammit, Fernando Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Jose Zuloaga Fernandez Del Valle, Eric Acosta, Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Samantha Corro Díaz González, Laura Martinez, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Armando Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro Jimenez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel Solano-Genesta, Alethia Alvarez-Cano, Hector Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto Medina-Franco, Lorelí Mejía-Fernández, Noel Salgado-Nesme, Omar Vergara-Fernandez, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernandez Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae Benyaiche, Oumaima Outani, Souadka Amine, Amine Benkabbou, Anass Mohammed Majbar, Raouf Mohsine, Ali Rafik, Thida Oung, Moe Moe Tin, David W Borowski, Philipp Plarre, David W Borowski, Philipp Plarre, Anna Alberga, Nina Sluiter, Jurriaan Tuynman, Robin Blok, Didem Cömert, Roel Hompes, Marianne Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone Stoots, Stijn Vlek, Jamie Adams, Ibrahim S Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung Il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards, Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde T Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman, Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale, Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid Adesunkanmi, Adewale Adisa, Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali Sani, Stephen Garba, Rebecca Hauwa Sani, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Umoke, Adedire Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza, Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-Saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al Basos, Mohammad Alswerki, Dina Ashour, Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil Hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub, Rami Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-Srour, Sadi A Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Moath A Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo Mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu Hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem, Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra, Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa, Ahmad Shaheen, Dana Aljaber, Loay Aljaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu Shua'ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal Qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, Loai Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, Dennis Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara, Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, Andrea Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela Zavala, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea Vera, Miguel Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela Macalindong, Mark Augustine Onglao, Arjel Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jeremiah Mangahas, Kenneth Yabut, Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej Chroł, Paula Franczak, Michał Orłowski, Piotr Budzyński, Andrzej Budzyński, Pawel Bury, Agata Czerwińska, Jadwiga Dworak, Jacek Dziedzic, Michał Kisielewski, Jan Kulawik, Anna Lasek, Piotr Major, Piotr Małczak, Marcin Migaczewski, Michał Pędziwiatr, Magdalena Pisarska, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Anna Rzepa, Tomasz Skoczylas, Maciej Stanek, Katarzyna Truszkiewicz, Mateusz Wierdak, Marek Winiarski, Piotr Zarzycki, Anna Zub-Pokrowiecka, Piotr Kowalewski, Rafał Roszkowski, Maciej Walędziak, Miguel Tomé, Sara Patrocinio, Ines Guerreiro, Filipe Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno Monteiro, Maria Teresa Costa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Lopes Serra, Daniela Morgado, Christian Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice Pimentel, Sofia Silva, Márcia Carvalho, Lúcia Carvalho, Joana Magalhães, Leonor Matos, Tânia Monteiro, Carlota Ramos, Vanessa Santos, José Barbosa, Jose Costa-Maia, Vítor Devezas, Ana Fareleira, Cristina Fernandes, Diana Gonçalves, Henrique Mora, Marina Morais, Fabiana Silva de Sousa, Sara Catarino Santos, Ana Logrado, André Tojal, Edgar Amorim, Miguel F Cunha, Ana Fazenda, João Pedro Melo Neves, Inês Isabel Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel, Diogo Veiga, José Azevedo, Hugo Cardoso Louro, Mariana Leite, José Azevedo, Maria Bairos Menezes, Bárbara Gama, Diana Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça E Magalhães, Ana Catarina Longras, Rita Lourenço, Diana Matos, Luis Castro, Filipa Policarpo, Joana Romano, Mariana Leite, Cristina Monteiro, Diogo Pinto, Marina Duarte, Sónia Fortuna Martins, Mariline Oliveira, Diogo Galvão, Lisandra Martins, Anaisa Silva, Viorel Taranu, Bárbara Vieira, Jessica Neves, Simone Oliveira, Hugo Ribeiro, Margarida Cinza, Rosa Felix, Arnaldo Machado, Joana Oliveira, Joana Patrício, Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, Mariana Claro, Daniel Costa Santos, Andreia Ferreira, Hugo Capote, Daniela Rosado, Filipa Taré, Oriana Nogueira, Miguel Ângelo, José Miguel Baiao, Andreia Guimarães, João Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta Silva, Ana Valente da Costa, Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga, Ines Capunge, Marta Fragoso, João Guimarães, Bruno Pinto, João Ribeiro, Miguel Angel, Guilherme Fialho, Monica Guerrero, Filipa Campos Costa, Diogo Cardoso, Vasco Cardoso, Magda Alves, Inês Estalagem, Tiago Louro, Cláudia Marques, Rita Martelo, Miguel Morgado, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro Martins, Mariana Peyroteo, João Gomes, Rita Monteiro, Manuela Romano, Daniela Macedo Alves, Rita Peixoto, Catarina Quintela, Maria João Jervis, Débora Melo, André Pacheco, Valter Paixão, Vera Pedro, Joana Pimenta, João Pimenta de Castro, Ana Rocha, Mircea Beuran, Matei Razvan Bratu, Cezar Ciubotaru, Bogdan Diaconescu, Sorin Hostiuc, Ionut Negoi, Bogdan Stoica, Evgeny Anokhin, Georgy Kuznetsov, Giorgi Oganezov, Fedor Paramzin, Ekaterina Romanova, Valeryan Rutkovskii, Vasilii Rutkovskii, Mikhail Shushval, Mikhail Zabiyaka, Khasan Dzhumabaev, Valerii Ivanov, Zaman Mamedli, Sergey Achkasov, Artem Balkarov, Elnur Nabiev, Marat Nagudov, Evgeny Rybakov, Karina Saifutdinova, Oleg Sushkov, Armen Vardanyan, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Lule Joseph, Isaac Ndayishimiye, J C Allen Ingabire, Ntirenganya Faustin, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe, Vizir J P Nsengimana, Carine Uwakunda, Mohammad Monir Abbas, Nouf Akeel, Murad Aljiffry, Kholoud Awaji, Ali Farsi, Ghader Jamjoum, Ahmad Khoja, Ashraf Maghrabi, Nadim Malibary, Mohammed Nassif, Abdulaziz Saleem, Abdullah Sultan, Wail Tashkandi, Hanaa Tashkandi, Nora Trabulsi, Mouhamadou Bachir Ba, Adja Coumba Diallo, Abdourahmane Ndong, Vladica Cuk, Uroš Janković, Jovan Juloski, Sharon Zhiling Koh, Frederick Koh, Kuok Chung Lee, Kai Yin Lee, Sean Lee, Wei Qi Leong, Bettina Lieske, Su Ann Lui, Prajwala Prakash, Jan Grosek, Gregor Norcic, Ales Tomazic, Nicolas Fitchat, Robert Jaich, Devorah Wineberg, Modise Zacharia Koto, Daniella Baiocchi, Damian Clarke, Christina Johanna Steenkamp, Stephanie Van Straten, Sharon Bannister, Adam Boutall, Galya Chinnery, Anna Coccia, Angela Dell, Parveen Karjiker, Christo Kloppers, Nicholas Loxton, Tumi Mabogoane, Francois Malherbe, Eugenio Panieri, Shreya Rayamajhi, Richard Spence, Tirsa van Wyngaard, Claire Warden, T E Madiba, Yoshan Moodley, Nivashen Pillay, Savannah Brooks, Charlise Kruger, Lisa Hannah Van Der Merwe, Ferhana Gool, Maahir Kariem, Heather Bougard, Kathryn Chu, Nazmie Kariem, Fazlin Noor, Reantha Pillay, Leandi Steynfaardt, Lucía González González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo De Castro Parga, Maria Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Marta López Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García Señorans, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel Sanchez-Santos, Vincenzo Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Dorisme Asnel, Isabel Cifrian Canales, Elisa Contreras Saiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Joaquín García Flórez, Carmen Garcia Gutierrez, Manuel García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, Maria Moreno Gijon, Jorge L Otero-Diez, Jose Luis Rodicio Miravalles, Lorena Solar-Garcia, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria Truan, Cristina Alejandre 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E., Chinchihualpa Paredes, N. O., Cuba, V., Lopez, W., Niquen Jimenez, M. M., Sanchez Bartra, N. A., Sapallanay Ojeda, O., Sequeiros, D., Toscano Pacheco, A., Vergara, M., Abarca, S., Alcorta, R., Borda-Luque, G., Eusebio Zegarra, I. E., Lujan Lopez, C., Marrufo, M., Mogrovejo, C., Nomura, A., Rodriguez Angeles, Y., Vidal Meza, M. R., Zavala, G., Castillo Arrascue, J. N., Hidrogo Cabrera, J. C., Larrea vera, J. J. M., Osorio, M., Ylatoma Diaz, E. A., Fontanilla, M. A., Fuentes, J. R., Salazar, A. L., Dominguez, G., Lopez, M. P., Macalindong, S., Onglao, M. A., Ramirez, A., Sacdalan, M. D., Tampo, M. M., Uy, G. L., Mangahas, J., Yabut, K., Canete, J. P., Cansana, B. E., Castro, E. J., Lipana, M. K., Roxas, M. F., Zara, V. 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I., Veiga, D., Azevedo, J., Cardoso Louro, H., Leite, M., Bairos Menezes, M., Gama, B., Brito, D., Cruz Martins, M. C., Graca e Magalhaes, A., Longras, A. C., Lourenco, R., Matos, D., Castro, L., Policarpo, F., Romano, J., Monteiro, C., Pinto, D., Duarte, M., Fortuna Martins, S., Oliveira, M., Galvao, D., Martins, L., Silva, A., Taranu, V., Vieira, B., Neves, J., Oliveira, S., Ribeiro, H., Cinza, M., Felix, R., Machado, A., Oliveira, J., Patricio, J., Pedroso de Lima, R., Pereira, M., Rocha Melo, M., Velez, C., Abreu da Silva, A., Claro, M., Costa Santos, D., Ferreira, A., Capote, H., Rosado, D., Tare, F., Nogueira, O., Angelo, M., Baiao, J. M., Guimaraes, A., Marques, J., Nico Albano, M., Silva, M., Valente da Costa, A., Vieira Caroco, T., Almeida Braga, S., Capunge, I., Fragoso, M., Guimaraes, J., Pinto, B., Ribeiro, J., Angel, M., Fialho, G., Guerrero, M., Campos Costa, F., Cardoso, D., Cardoso, V., Alves, M., Estalagem, I., Louro, T., Marques, C., Martelo, R., Morgado, M., Canotilho, R., Correia, A. M., Martins, P., Peyroteo, M., Gomes, J., Monteiro, R., Romano, M., Alves, D. M., Peixoto, R., Quintela, C., Jervis, M. J., Melo, D., Pacheco, A., Paixao, V., Pedro, V., Pimenta, J., Pimenta de Castro, J., Rocha, A., Beuran, M., Ciubotaru, C., Diaconescu, B., Hostiuc, S., Negoi, I., Stoica, B., Anokhin, E., Kuznetsov, G., Oganezov, G., Paramzin, F., Romanova, E., Rutkovskii, V., Shushval, M., Zabiyaka, M., Dzhumabaev, K., Ivanov, V., Mamedli, Z., Achkasov, S., Balkarov, A., Nabiev, E., Nagudov, M., Rybakov, E., Saifutdinova, K., Sushkov, O., Joseph, L., Ndayishimiye, I., Faustin, N., Mutabazi, A. Z., Mvukiyehe, J. P., Nsengimana, V. J. P., Uwakunda, C., Abbas, M. M., Akeel, N., Aljiffry, M., Awaji, K., Farsi, A., Jamjoum, G., Khoja, A., Maghrabi, A., Malibary, N., Nassif, M., Saleem, A., Sultan, A., Tashkandi, W., Tashkandi, H., Trabulsi, N., Ba, M. B., Diallo, A. C., Ndong, A., Cuk, V., Jankovic, U., Koh, S. Z., Koh, F., Lee, K. C., Lee, K. Y., Lee, S., Leong, W. Q., Lui, S. A., Prakash, P., Grosek, J., Norcic, G., Tomazic, A., Fitchat, N., Jaich, R., Wineberg, D., Koto, M. Z., Baiocchi, D., Clarke, D., Steenkamp, C. J., Bannister, S., Boutall, A., Chinnery, G., Coccia, A., Dell, A., Karjiker, P., Kloppers, C., Loxton, N., Mabogoane, T., Malherbe, F., Panieri, E., Rayamajhi, S., van Wyngaard, T., Warden, C., Madiba, T. E., Pillay, N., Brooks, S., Kruger, C., Van Der Merwe, L. H., Gool, F., Kariem, M., Bougard, H., Kariem, N., Noor, F., Pillay, R., Steynfaardt, L., Gonzalez Gonzalez, L., Marin Santos, J. 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P., Montes-Manrique, M., Rodriguez-Lopez, M., Ruiz Soriano, M., Trujillo Diaz, J., Vazquez Fernandez, A., Argudo, N., Pera, M., Torrent Jansa, L., Garcia Dominguez, M., Goded, I., Roldon Golet, M., Talal El-Abur, I., Utrilla Fornals, A., Zambrana Campos, V., Aguilar Martinez, M. D. M., Bosch, M., Garcia-Catala, L., Sanchez-Guillen, L., Artigau, E., Gomez Romeu, N., Julia Bergkvist, D., Espina Perez, B., Morato, O., Olona, C., Dieguez, B., Forero-Torres, A., Losada, M., Gomez-Abril, S., Gonzalvez, P., Martinez, R., Navarro Martinez, S., Paya-Llorente, C., Perez Rubio, A., Santarrufina Martinez, S., Sebastian Tomas, J. C., Trullenque Juan, R., Gegundez Simon, A., Mate, P., Prieto-Nieto, M. I., Rubio-Perez, I., Urbieta, A., Vicario Bravo, M., Abello, D., Frasson, M., Garcia-Granero, A., Abad Gurumeta, A., Abad-Motos, A., Lucena-de Pablo, E., Nozal, B., Ripolles-Melchor, J., Salvachua, R., Ferrero, E., Garcia-Sancho Tellez, L., Picardo, A. L., Rojo Lopez, J. A., Zorrilla Matilla, L. 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W., Zimmermann, B., Bakoleas, P., Chanousi, I., Charalampidou, L., Grochola, L. F., Heid, F., Ntaoulas, S., Outos, M., Peros, G., Podolska-Skoczek, H., Reinisch, K. B., Zielasek, C., Demartines, N., Gilgien, J., Kefleyesus, A., St-Amour, P., Toussaint, A., Alhimyar, M., Alsaid, B., Alyafi, A., Alkhaledi, A., Kouz, B., Omarain, A., Al-Sabbagh, Y., Alkhatib, H., Sara, S., Alhaj, A., Danial, A., Kadoura, L., Maa Albared, S., Monawar, Y., Nahas, L., Abd, B., Saad, A., Wakkaf, H., Bouzaiene, H., Ghalleb, M., Akaydin, E., Akbaba, A. C., Atakul, O., Baltaci, E., Besli, S., Burgu, G., Cenal, U., de Muijnck, C., Demirkaya, H. C., Dogruoz, A., Gezer, Z. I., Gundogdu, Y., Kara, M., Korkmaz, H. K., Kurtoglu, G. K., Ozben, V., Ozmen, B. B., Pektas, A. M., Sel, E. K., Yenidunya, N., Bengur, F. B., Oral, B. M., Yozgatli, T. K., Abdullayev, S., Gunes, M. E., Sahbaz, N. A., Banaz, T., Kargici, K., Kuyumcu, O. F., Yanikoglu, E., Yesilsancak, M., Yilmaz, D., Aktas, M. K., Rencuzogullari, A., Isik, A., Leventoglu, S., Yalcinkaya, A., Yuksel, O., Kalayci, M. U., Kara, Y., Sarici, I. S., Akin, A., Alemdag, G. N., Arslan, E., Baki, B. E., Bodur, M. S., Calik, A., Candas Altinbas, B., Cihanyurdu, I., Erkul, O., Gul, B., Guner, A., Kose, B., Semiz, A., Sevim, Tayar, S., Tomas, K., Tufek, O. Y., Turkyilmaz, S., Ulusahin, M., Usta, A., Yildirim, R., Guler, S. A., Tatar, O. C., Varol, E., Kirimtay, B., Uysal, M., Yildiz, A., Kose, E., Ciftci, A. B., Colak, E., Eraslan, H., Kucuk, G. O., Yemez, K., Lule, H., Bienfait, M., Bua, E., Okalany, N., Basarab, M., Bielosludtsev, O., Kolhanova, K., Perepelytsia, K., Romanukha, K., Savenkov, D., Siryi, S., Tereshchenko, M., Viacheslav, N., Volovetskyi, A., Kebkalo, A., Tryliskyy, Y., Tyselskiy, V., Bruce, E., Chow, B. L., Iddles, E., Mcguckin, S., Newall, N., Ramsay, G., Sharma, P., Stewart, C., Wong, J., Badran, A., Bath, M., Belais, F., Butt, E., Joshi, K., Kapur, M., Shaw, M., Townson, A., Williams, C. Y. 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A., De Silva, K., Ekpete, O., Haque, S., Henderson, S., Ibrahim, B., Jayasinghe, T., Livie, J., Mailley, K., Nair, G., Tan, D., Baggaley, C., Dawidziuk, A., Szyszka, B., Barter, C., Gandhi, N., Hassell, K., Hitchin, S., Kelsall, J., Nagy, E., Nessa, A., Whisker, L., Yanni, F., Ali, M., Arora, D., Hediwattege, S., Kumarasinghe, N., Rathore, M., Tennakoon, A., Ali Ahmad, S. M., Bajomo, O., Nadira, F., Celentano, V., Griffiths, E., Karri, R. S., Mak, J. K. C., Pipe, M., Bhatti, M. I., Rabie, M., Boyle, C., Hamilton, D., Mihuna, A., Ng, J. C. K., Nicholson, G., Oliwa, A., Pearson, R., Rose, A., Yong, S. Q., Boereboom, C., Hanna, M., Walter, C., Greensmith, T. S., Mitchell, R., Monaghan, E., Crawford, J., Moug, S., Blackwell, J., Boyd-Carson, H., Herrod, P., Al-Allaf, O., Beattie, M., Bullock, C., Burman, S., Clark, G., Flamey, N., Flannery, O., Harding, A., Kodiatt, B., Lawday, S., Mahapatra, S., Mukundu Nagesh, N., Ng, M., Rye, D., Yoong, A., Clark, L., Deans, C., Edirisooriya, M., Carrington, E. V., Wong, T. L. E., Yusuf, B., Chamberlain, C., Duke, K., Kmiotek, E., Botes, A., Condie, N., Schrire, T., Shah, R., Thomas-Jones, I., Yates, C., Anthony, N., Matthews, E., Sahnan, K., Tankel, J., Tucker, S., Winter Beatty, J., Ziprin, P., Duggan, W., Kantartzi, A., Sridhar, S., Khaw, R. A., Srivastava, P., Underwood, C., Alves do Canto Brum, H., Chopra, S., Davis, L., Hughes, R., Tulley, J., Alberts, J., Athisayaraj, T., Olugbemi, M., Ahmad, K., Chan, C., Chapman, G., Fleming, H., Fox, B., Grewar, J., Hulse, K., Rutherford, D., Sinead, M., Speake, D., Vaughan-Shaw, P. G., Christodoulides, N., Kudhail, S., Welch, M., Husaini, S. M., Lambracos, S., Anyanwu, C., Suresh, R., Thomas, J. S., Gleeson, E., Platoff, R., Saif, A., Enumah, Z., Etchill, E., Gabre-Kidan, A., Bernstein, M., Carrano, F. M., Connors, J., Lynn, P., Melis, M., Newman, E., Foster, D. S., Perrone, K., Titan, A., Ahmad, S., Bafford, A. C. M. D., Dal Molin, M., Hanna, N., Zafar, S. N., Hemmila, M., Napolitano, L., Wong, J. J., Chandler, J., Wood, L., Wren, S., Ottesen, T., You, L., Yu, K., Arcienega Yanez, M. D. P., Ferreira Fernandes, M., Gonzalez, D., Cubas, S., Gonzalez, M. C., Zubiaurre, V., Demolin, R., Giroff, N., Sciuto, P., Campos, M., Rodriguez Cantera, G., Deepika, G., Simuchimba, E., Bulaya, A., Chibuye, C., Chirengendure, B., Kabale, M. -R., Kabongo, K., Munthali, J., Mweso, O., Pikiti, F., Otieno, J., Lai, L. T., Blackman, B., Subramaniam, S., Karim, R., Kok, N., Lee, Y. D., Ali, S., Sinha, A., Corrigan, R., Barnes, N., Wong, F., Dennis, G., Jedamzik, J., Phillips, E., Piette, W., Van hentenryck, M., Koco, H., Lawani, S., Kassa, M. W., Santos Bezerra, T., Gribnev, P., Dimitrov, D., Krastev, P., Oum, S., Bonghaseh, D. T., Al Farsi, M., Alsharqawi, N., Acevedo, V., Castillo Barbosa, A. C., Giron, F., Leon Rodriguez, J. P., Kucan, D., Rosko, D., Barsic, N., Zupan, D., Hegazi, A., Truncikova, V., Fryba, V., Mohamed, M., Nagi, A., Rashad Temerik, A., Elshawy, M. E., Mahmoud, M. I., Anwar, M., Rageh, T., Elmokadem, A., Gaballa, K., Teppo, S., Pengerma, P., Ballouhey, Q., Bergeat, D., Weyl, A., Hain, E., Gyedu, A., Yenli, E., Osei-Poku, D., Rompou, V. -A., Zoikas, A., Gaitanidis, A., Koukis, G., Perivoliotis, K., Tavlas, P., Galanos-Demiris, K., Zografos, G., Karavokyros, I., Xanthopoulou, G., Iordanidou, E., Ayau, F., Garcia, A., Damjan, P., Wason, D., B L, A., Rangganata, E., Kamath, P., O'Connor, D. B., Pinto, M., Perrone, F., Tropeano, F. P., Troilo, F., Bossi, D., Scala, D., Pulitano, L., Carella, M., Pietrabissa, A., Gori, A., Giraudo, G., De Simone, V., Russo, A. A., Braccio, B., Al-Taher, R., Athamneh, S., Parker, A., Sawiee, A., Kattia, A., Tababa, O., Shaeeb, Z., Syminas, V., Jurgaitis, J., Damuleviciene, G., Svagzdys, S., Razafimanjato, N. N. M., Chieng Loo, L., Tiong, I. C., Wan Muhmad, W. F., Vijeyan, H., Li Ying, T., Grech, G., Arrangoiz, R., Jimenez Ley, V. B., Arizpe, D., Lagunes Lara, E., Castro Lopez, E. V., Eaazim, J., Gordinou de Gouberville, M., Bastiaenen, V., Rottier, S., Nahab, F., Ji, M. Y., Seyoji, M., Nwachukwu, C., Emeghara, O., Muhammed, S. E., Idowu, A., Sowemimo, O., Ogundoyin, O., Akande, O., Lott, A., Nadeem, M., Laghari, A. A., Loya, A., Mushtaq, H., Abdullah, M. T., Abuhilal, B., Atawneh, M., Hamdan, H., Alhabil, B., Srour, A., Mousa, I., Da Silva Medina, L., Bartosiak, K., Ferreira, P., Francisco, V., Lemos, R., Frutuoso, L., Fernandes, S., Fonseca, T., Pereira, J., Rachadell, J., Torre, A., Madeira Martins, F., Carvalho, A. 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M., Srinivas, A., Sung, C. -Y., Tai, A., Valle Aranda, Y. C., Venturini, S., Wilguens Lartigue, J., Public and occupational health, AMS - Sports, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Cancer Center Amsterdam, and Albarella, Sara
Subjects: global surgery, hospitals, humans, income, neoplasms, postoperative period, poverty, prospective studies, no keywords listed, General Medicine, Prospective Studie, Hospital, Settore MED/18 - Chirurgia Generale, outcome, Hospitals, Humans, Income, Neoplasms, surgery, Postoperative Period, Poverty, Prospective Studies, cancer surgery, Human, hospital facilities
Abstract: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p
Published: 2022

21. Influence of postoperative complications following esophagectomy for cancer on quality of life: A European multicenter study

Author: N. Schuring, E. Jezerskyte, M.I. van Berge Henegouwen, M.A.G. Sprangers, P. Lagergren, A. Johar, S.R. Markar, S.S. Gisbertz, Sheraz R. Markar, Giovanni Zaninotto, Carlo Castoro, Asif Johar, Pernilla Lagergren, Jessie A. Elliott, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Christophe Mariette, Rita Alfieri, Jeremy Huddy, Viknesh Sounderajah, Eleonora Pinto, Marco Scarpa, Fredrik Klevebro, Berit Sunde, Conor F. Murphy, Christine Greene, Narayanasamy Ravi, Guillaume Piessen, Hylke Brenkman, Jelle P. Ruurda, Richard Van Hillegersberg, Sjoerd Lagarde, Bas Wijnhoven, Manuel Pera, José Roig, Sandra Castro, Robert Matthijsen, John Findlay, Stefan Antonowicz, Nick Maynard, Orla McCormack, Arun Ariyarathenam, Grant Sanders, Edward Cheong, Shameen Jaunoo, William Allum, Jan Van Lanschot, Magnus Nilsson, John V. Reynolds, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, George B. Hanna, Surgery, Graduate School, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, Medical Psychology, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Mental Health, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, and CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life
Subjects: Esophagectomy, Quality of life, Postoperative complications, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Oncology, Esophageal neoplasms, Surgery, General Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: Postoperative complications following major surgery have been shown to be associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL), and severe complications may have profound negative effects. This study aimed to examine whether long-term HRQL differs with the occurrence and severity of complications in a European multicenter prospective dataset of patients following esophagectomy for cancer. Methods: Disease-free patients following esophagectomy for cancer between 2010 and 2016 from the LASER study were included. Patients completed the LASER, EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-OG25 questionnaires >1 year following treatment. Long-term HRQL was compared between patients with and without postoperative complications, subgroup analysis was performed for severity of complications (no, minor [Clavien-Dindo I-II], severe [Clavien-Dindo ≥ III]), using univariable and multivariable regression. Results: 645 patients were included: 283 patients with no, 207 with minor and 155 with severe complications. Significantly more dyspnea (QLQ-C30) was reported by patients with compared to patients without complications (differenceinmeans 6.3). In subgroup analysis, patients with severe complications reported more dyspnea (difference in means 8.3) than patients with no complications. None of the differences were clinically relevant (difference in means ≥ 10 points). LASER-based low mood (OR2.3) was statistically different for minor versus severe complications. Conclusion: Comparable HRQL was found in patients with and without postoperative complications following esophagectomy for cancer, after a mean follow-up of 4.4 years. Furthermore, patients with different levels of severity of complications had comparable HRQL. The level of HRQL in esophageal cancer patients are more likely explained by the impact of the complex procedure of the esophagectomy itself.
Published: 2023

22. CRITICS-II: a multicentre randomised phase II trial of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery versus neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and subsequent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery versus neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in resectable gastric cancer

Author: Astrid E. Slagter, Edwin P. M. Jansen, Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven, Johanna W. van Sandick, Nicole C. T. van Grieken, Karolina Sikorska, Annemieke Cats, Pietje Muller-Timmermans, Maarten C. C. M. Hulshof, Henk Boot, Maartje Los, Laurens V. Beerepoot, Frank P. J. Peters, Geke A. P. Hospers, Boudewijn van Etten, Henk H. Hartgrink, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Grard A. P. Nieuwenhuijzen, Richard van Hillegersberg, Donald L. van der Peet, Heike I. Grabsch, and Marcel Verheij
Subjects: Gastric cancer, Resectable, Preoperative treatment, Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy, Surgery, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Abstract Background Although radical surgery remains the cornerstone of cure in resectable gastric cancer, survival remains poor. Current evidence-based (neo)adjuvant strategies have shown to improve outcome, including perioperative chemotherapy, postoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. However, these regimens suffer from poor patient compliance, particularly in the postoperative phase of treatment. The CRITICS-II trial aims to optimize preoperative treatment by comparing three treatment regimens: (1) chemotherapy, (2) chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy and (3) chemoradiotherapy. Methods In this multicentre phase II non-comparative study, patients with clinical stage IB-IIIC (TNM 8th edition) resectable gastric adenocarcinoma are randomised between: (1) 4 cycles of docetaxel+oxaliplatin+capecitabine (DOC), (2) 2 cycles of DOC followed by chemoradiotherapy (45Gy in combination with weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin) or (3) chemoradiotherapy. Primary endpoint is event-free survival, 1 year after randomisation (events are local and/or regional recurrence or progression, distant recurrence, or death from any cause). Secondary endpoints include: toxicity, surgical outcomes, percentage radical (R0) resections, pathological tumour response, disease recurrence, overall survival, and health related quality of life. Exploratory endpoints include translational studies on predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Discussion The aim of this study is to select the most promising among three preoperative treatment arms in patients with resectable gastric adenocarcinoma. This treatment regimen will subsequently be compared with the standard therapy in a phase III trial. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT02931890; registered 13 October 2016. Date of first enrolment: 21 December 2017.
Published: 2018
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23. Surgical Therapy of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma—Current Standards and Future Perspectives

Author: Wolfgang Schröder, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Daan M. Voeten, Christian A. Gutschow, Hans F. Fuchs, and Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen
Subjects: esophageal adenocarcinoma, transthoracic esophagectomy, minimally invasive (robotic) techniques: perioperative management, patient selection, surgical outcome, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Transthoracic esophagectomy is currently the predominant curative treatment option for resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma. The majority of carcinomas present as locally advanced tumors requiring multimodal strategies with either neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or perioperative chemotherapy alone. Minimally invasive, including robotic, techniques are increasingly applied with a broad spectrum of technical variations existing for the oncological resection as well as gastric reconstruction. At the present, intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy is the preferred technique of reconstruction (Ivor Lewis esophagectomy). With standardized surgical procedures, a complete resection of the primary tumor can be achieved in almost 95% of patients. Even in expert centers, postoperative morbidity remains high, with an overall complication rate of 50–60%, whereas 30- and 90-day mortality are reported to be
Published: 2021
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24. Improved Clinical and Survival Outcomes After Esophagectomy for Cancer Over 25 Years

Author: Annelijn E. Slaman, Giovanni Pirozzolo, Wietse J. Eshuis, Jacques J.G.H.M. Bergman, Maarten C.C.M. Hulshof, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven, Sybren L. Meijer, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Surgery, Internal medicine, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Graduate School, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radiotherapy, Oncology, and Pathology
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Esophagectomy, Postoperative Complications, Treatment Outcome, Esophageal Neoplasms, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background: In recent decades, there have been major developments in the curative treatment of esophageal cancer, such as the implementation of positron emission tomography with computed tomography, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, minimally invasive surgery, and postoperative care programs. This observational study examined clinical and survival outcomes after esophagectomy for cancer over 25 years. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer at a tertiary referral center between 1993 and 2018 were selected from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were assigned to 5 periods: 1993 to 1997, 1998 to 2002, 2003 to 2007, 2008 to 2012, and 2013 to 2017. The primary outcome was 5-year overall survival by using Kaplan–Meier log-rank tests for trends. Results: A total of 1616 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up of surviving patients was 91.0 months (interquartile range [IQR], 62.6-127.5 months).The 5-year overall survival improved gradually from 32.8% to 48.2% over 25 years (P < .001). Hospital length of stay decreased from 16 days (median IQR, 14-24 days) in 1993 to 1997 to 11 days (IQR, 8-18 days) in 2013 to 2017 (P < .001). No decrease in mortality was encountered over 25 years, although over the last 5 years, in-hospital and 90-day mortality dropped from 4.2% and 8.3% in 2013 to 0% in 2017 (P < .05). Anastomotic leakages decreased from 26.4% to 9.7% between 2013 and 2017 (P < .001). Conclusions: Over the last 25 years, clinical outcomes and 5-year overall survival significantly improved in patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer at this tertiary referral center.
Published: 2022

25. The use of fluorescence angiography to assess bowel viability in the acute setting

Author: Johanna J. Joosten, Grégoire Longchamp, Mohammad F. Khan, Wytze Lameris, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Wilhelmus A. Bemelman, Ronan A. Cahill, Roel Hompes, Frédéric Ris, Surgery, and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism
Subjects: Indocyanine Green, Male, Anastomosis, Surgical, Acute setting, Ischaemia, Ischemia, Change of management, Mesenteric Ischemia, Fluorescence angiography, Humans, Surgery, Fluorescein Angiography, Case series, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Introduction Assessing bowel viability can be challenging during acute surgical procedures, especially regarding mesenteric ischaemia. Intraoperative fluorescence angiography (FA) may be a valuable tool for the surgeon to determine whether bowel resection is necessary and to define the most appropriate resection margins. The aim of this study is to report on FA use in the acute setting and to judge its impact on intraoperative decision making. Materials and methods This is a multi-centre, retrospective case series of patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery between February 2016 and 2021 in three general/colorectal units where intraoperative FA was performed to assess bowel viability. Primary endpoint was change of management after the FA assessment. Results A total of 93 patients (50 males, 66.6 ± 19.2 years, ASA score ≥ III in 85%) were identified and studied. Initial surgical approach was laparotomy in 66 (71%) patients and laparoscopy in 27 (29% and seven, 26% conversions). The most common aetiologies were mesenteric ischaemia (n = 42, 45%) and adhesional/herniae-related strangulation (n = 41, 44%). In 50 patients a bowel resection was performed. Overall rates of anastomosis after resection, reoperation and 30-day mortality were 48% (n = 24/50, one leak), 12% and 18%, respectively. FA changed management in 27 (29%) patients. In four patients (4% overall), resection was avoided and in 21 (23%) extra bowel length was preserved (median 50 cm of bowel saved, IQR 28–98) although three patients developed further ischaemia. FA prompted extended resection (median of 20 cm, IQR 10–50 extra bowel) in six (6%) patients. Conclusion Intraoperative use of FA impacts surgical decisions regarding bowel resection for intestinal ischaemia, potentially enabling bowel preservation in approximately one out of four patients. Prospective studies are needed to optimize the best use of this technology for this indication and to determine standards for the interpretation of FA images and the potential subsequent need for second-look surgeries.
Published: 2022

26. The effect of anastomotic leakage on the incidence of recurrence after tri‐modality therapy for esophageal adenocarcinomas

Author: Wessel T. Stam, Nannet Schuring, Maarten Hulshof, Hanneke van Laarhoven, Sarah Derks, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Donald L. van der Peet, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Freek Daams, Graduate School, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Radiotherapy, Oncology, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, Internal medicine, AII - Cancer immunology, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism
Subjects: recurrence, Oncology, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, esophagectomy, Surgery, General Medicine, anastomotic leakage
Abstract: Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRTx) reduces the incidence of recurrence, while anastomotic leakage has shown increase the risk of recurrence. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the incidence and pattern of recurrence and secondary median recurrence-free interval and post-recurrence survival in patients with and without anastomotic leakage after multimodal therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods: Patients with recurrence after multimodal therapy between 2010 and 2018 were included. Results: Six hundred and eighteen patients were included, 91 (14.7%) had leakage and 278 (45.0%) recurrence. Patients with leakage did not develop recurrence more often (48.4%) than those without (44.4%, [p = 0.484]). Recurrence-free interval for patients with (n = 44) and without leakage (n = 234) was 39 and 52 weeks, respectively (p = 0.049). Post-recurrence survival was 11 and 16 weeks, respectively (p = 0.702). Specified by recurrence site, post-recurrence survival for loco-regional recurrences was 27 versus 33 weeks (p = 0.387) for patients with and without leakage, for distant 9 versus 13 (p = 0.999), and for combined 11 versus 18 weeks (p = 0.492). Conclusion and Discussion: No higher incidence of recurrent disease was observed in patients with anastomotic leakage, however it is associated with a shorter recurrence-free interval. This could have implications for surveillance, as early detection of recurrent disease could influence therapeutic options.
Published: 2023

27. Recurrent Disease After Esophageal Cancer Surgery

Author: Marianne C. Kalff, Sofie P.G. Henckens, Daan M. Voeten, David J. Heineman, Maarten C.C.M. Hulshof, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven, Wietse J. Eshuis, Peter C. Baas, Renu R. Bahadoer, Eric J.T. Belt, Baukje Brattinga, Linda Claassen, Admira Ćosović, David Crull, Freek Daams, Annette D. van Dalsen, Jan Willem T. Dekker, Marc J. van Det, Manon Drost, Peter van Duijvendijk, Stijn van Esser, Marcia P. Gaspersz, Burak Görgec, Richard P.R. Groenendijk, Henk H. Hartgrink, Erwin van der Harst, Jan W. Haveman, Joos Heisterkamp, Richard van Hillegersberg, Wendy Kelder, B. Feike Kingma, Willem J. Koemans, Ewout A. Kouwenhoven, Sjoerd M. Lagarde, Frederik Lecot, Philip P. van der Linden, Misha D.P. Luyer, Grard A.P. Nieuwenhuijzen, Pim B. Olthof, Donald L. van der Peet, Jean-Pierre E.N. Pierie, E.G.J.M. Robert Pierik, Victor D. Plat, Fatih Polat, Camiel Rosman, Jelle P. Ruurda, Johanna W. van Sandick, Rene Scheer, Cettela A.M. Slootmans, Meindert N. Sosef, Odin V. Sosef, Wobbe O. de Steur, Hein B.A.C. Stockmann, Fanny J. Stoop, Guusje Vugts, Guy H.E.J. Vijgen, Víola B. Weeda, Marinus J. Wiezer, Martijn G.H. van Oijen, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Surgery, Cardio-thoracic surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Internal medicine, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Other Research, Graduate School, Radiotherapy, Oncology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, APH - Methodology, and APH - Quality of Care
Subjects: Male, Neoadjuvant treatment, Esophageal Neoplasms, Palliative treatment, Esophageal cancer, Adenocarcinoma, Prognosis, Cohort Studies, Survival Rate, Esophagectomy, Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14], SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Lymphatic Metastasis, Humans, Recurrences, Surgery, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Objective: This study investigated the patterns, predictors, and survival of recurrent disease following esophageal cancer surgery.Background: Survival of recurrent esophageal cancer is usually poor, with limited prospects of remission.Methods: This nationwide cohort study included patients with distal esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma after curatively intended esophagectomy in 2007 to 2016 (follow-up until January 2020). Patients with distant metastases detected during surgery were excluded. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify predictors of recurrent disease. Multivariable Cox regression was used to determine the association of recurrence site and treatment intent with postrecurrence survival.Results: Among 4626 patients, 45.1% developed recurrent disease a median of 11 months postoperative, of whom most had solely distant metastases (59.8%). Disease recurrences were most frequently hepatic (26.2%) or pulmonary (25.1%). Factors significantly associated with disease recurrence included young age (≤ 65 y), male sex, adenocarcinoma, open surgery, transthoracic esophagectomy, nonradical resection, higher T-stage, and tumor positive lymph nodes. Overall, median postrecurrence survival was 4 months [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 3.6–4.4]. After curatively intended recurrence treatment, median survival was 20 months (95% CI: 16.4–23.7). Survival was more favorable after locoregional compared with distant recurrence (hazard ratio: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.65–0.84).Conclusions: This study provides important prognostic information assisting in the surveillance and counseling of patients after curatively intended esophageal cancer surgery. Nearly half the patients developed recurrent disease, with limited prospects of survival. The risk of recurrence was higher in patients with a higher tumor stage, nonradical resection and positive lymph node harvest.
Published: 2022

28. The effect of preoperative body mass index on short-term outcome after esophagectomy for cancer: A nationwide propensity score–matched analysis

Author: Jan A.H. Gooszen, Wietse J. Eshuis, Rachel L.G.M. Blom, Susan van Dieren, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Surgery, Epidemiology and Data Science, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Graduate School, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Cancer Center Amsterdam, and APH - Methodology
Subjects: Esophagectomy, Postoperative Complications, Esophageal Neoplasms, Thinness, Humans, Surgery, Obesity, Overweight, Propensity Score, Body Mass Index, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background: The true influence of body mass index on the outcome of esophageal cancer surgery is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between preoperative body mass index and clinical and oncological outcomes of esophagectomy for cancer in a patient cohort from the Dutch nationwide audit. Methods: All patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer between January 2011 and 2016 were identified in the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit. Patients were divided into 4 body mass index categories (2 underweight, 18.5 to 25 kg/m 2 normal weight, 25 to 30 kg/m 2 overweight, and >30 kg/m 2 obese) and were compared for clinical and oncological outcomes with the use of propensity score–matched analysis. Results: Of the patients, 2,598 were included (underweight = 70, normal weight = 1,097, overweight = 1,007, and obese = 424). Before propensity score–matched analysis, underweight patients had a significantly longer hospital stay, more chyle leakage, underwent more re-operations, and had a higher in-hospital/30-day mortality compared to the other weight groups. After propensity score–matched analysis, 560 patients were included: 62 were underweight, 180 were normal weight, 165 were overweight, and 153 were obese. Length of hospital stay, chyle leakage, necrosis of the reconstruction, re-interventions, re-operations, re-admittance to the intensive care unit/medium care unit, and in-hospital/30-day mortality were seen most in the underweight group. No differences were seen in intraoperative complications and oncological outcomes. Conclusion: Underweight patients are more prone for the development of postoperative complications after esophagectomy. Physicians and dieticians should be aware of the impact of underweight on postoperative outcome. Future studies should focus on nutritional status and the effect of preoperative correction of body weight.
Published: 2022

29. C-Reactive Protein as a Negative Predictive Marker for Anastomotic Leakage After Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery

Author: Eliza R. C. Hagens, Minke L. Feenstra, Wing C. Lam, W. J. Eshuis, W. Lameris, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Graduate School, CCA -Cancer Center Amsterdam, and CCA - Imaging and biomarkers
Subjects: Surgery
Abstract: Background Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is commonly used by surgeons to raise suspicion of anastomotic leakage and other infectious complications, but most studies on optimal cut-off values are retrospective with a small sample of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and optimal cut-off value of CRP for anastomotic leakage in patients following esophagectomy for cancer. Materials and methods Consecutive minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer patients was included in this prospective study. Anastomotic leakage was confirmed if a defect or leakage of oral contrast was seen on a CT scan, by endoscopy or if saliva was draining from the neck incision. Diagnostic accuracy of CRP was assessed by receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. Youden’s index was adopted to determine the cut-off value. Results A total of 200 patients were included between 2016 and 2018. Postoperative day 5 showed the highest area under the ROC (0.825) and optimal cut-off value of 120 mg/L. This resulted in a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 82%, negative predicting value of 97%, and positive predicting value of 32%. Conclusions CRP on postoperative day 5 can be used as a negative predictor for and can be used as a marker to raise suspicion of anastomotic leakage following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. When CRP exceeds 120 mg/L on postoperative day 5, additional investigations should be considered.
Published: 2023

30. Figure from Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined with Atezolizumab for Resectable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Single-arm Phase II Feasibility Trial (PERFECT)

Author: H.W.M. van Laarhoven, Maarten C.C.M. Hulshof, Maarten F. Bijlsma, Nicole C.T. van Grieken, Bauke Ylstra, Tanya T.D. Soeratram, Tanja D. de Gruijl, Max Nieuwdorp, Stella Mook, Richard van Hillegersberg, Jelle P. Ruurda, Nadia Haj Mohammad, Jacques J.G.H.M. Bergman, M.P.G. Dings, Sandor Schokker, Sybren L. Meijer, R.H.A. Verhoeven, E.D. Geijsen, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Nicolien C. de Clercq, and Tom van den Ende
Abstract: Figure S3. FOXP3 evaluated on-treatment.
Published: 2023

31. Data from Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined with Atezolizumab for Resectable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Single-arm Phase II Feasibility Trial (PERFECT)

Author: H.W.M. van Laarhoven, Maarten C.C.M. Hulshof, Maarten F. Bijlsma, Nicole C.T. van Grieken, Bauke Ylstra, Tanya T.D. Soeratram, Tanja D. de Gruijl, Max Nieuwdorp, Stella Mook, Richard van Hillegersberg, Jelle P. Ruurda, Nadia Haj Mohammad, Jacques J.G.H.M. Bergman, M.P.G. Dings, Sandor Schokker, Sybren L. Meijer, R.H.A. Verhoeven, E.D. Geijsen, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Nicolien C. de Clercq, and Tom van den Ende
Abstract: Purpose:The CROSS trial established neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma (rEAC). In the PERFECT trial, we investigated the feasibility and efficacy of nCRT combined with programmed-death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibition for rEAC.Patients and Methods:Patients with rEAC received nCRT according to the CROSS regimen combined with five cycles of atezolizumab (1,200 mg). The primary endpoint was the feasibility of administering five cycles of atezolizumab in ≥75% patients. A propensity score–matched nCRT cohort was used to compare pathologic response, overall survival, and progression-free survival. Exploratory biomarker analysis was performed on repeated tumor biopsies.Results:We enrolled 40 patients of whom 85% received all cycles of atezolizumab. Immune-related adverse events of any grade were observed in 6 patients. In total, 83% proceeded to surgery. Reasons for not undergoing surgery were progression (n = 4), patient choice (n = 2), and death (n = 1). The pathologic complete response rate was 25% (10/40). No statistically significant difference in response or survival was found between the PERFECT and the nCRT cohort. Baseline expression of an established IFNγ signature was higher in responders compared with nonresponders (P = 0.043). On-treatment nonresponders showed either a high number of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) with a transcriptional signature consistent with expression of immune checkpoints, or a low number of CTLs.Conclusions:Combining nCRT with atezolizumab is feasible in patients with rEAC. On the basis of our exploratory biomarker study, future studies are necessary to elucidate the potential of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patient subgroups.See related commentary by Catenacci, p. 3269
Published: 2023

32. Supplementary Data from Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined with Atezolizumab for Resectable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Single-arm Phase II Feasibility Trial (PERFECT)

Author: H.W.M. van Laarhoven, Maarten C.C.M. Hulshof, Maarten F. Bijlsma, Nicole C.T. van Grieken, Bauke Ylstra, Tanya T.D. Soeratram, Tanja D. de Gruijl, Max Nieuwdorp, Stella Mook, Richard van Hillegersberg, Jelle P. Ruurda, Nadia Haj Mohammad, Jacques J.G.H.M. Bergman, M.P.G. Dings, Sandor Schokker, Sybren L. Meijer, R.H.A. Verhoeven, E.D. Geijsen, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Nicolien C. de Clercq, and Tom van den Ende
Abstract: Table S1. Combined positivity score (CPS) in responders and non-responders at baseline. Table S2. Immunohistochemistry markers evaluated at baseline and on-treatment.
Published: 2023

33. The impact of paratracheal lymphadenectomy on lymph node yield and short-term outcomes in esophagectomy for cancer: a nation-wide propensity score matched analysis

Author: B. Feike Kingma, Eliza R.C. Hagens, Mark I. Van Berge Henegouwen, Alicia S. Borggreve, Jelle P. Ruurda, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, and Richard van Hillegersberg
Subjects: Gastroenterology, Surgery
Abstract: Introduction: The balance between potential oncological merits and surgical risks is unclear for the additional step of performing paratracheal lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy for cancer. This study aimed to investigate the impact of paratracheal lymphadenectomy on lymph node yield and short-term outcomes in patients who underwent this procedure in The Netherlands. Methods: Patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by transthoracic esophagectomy were included from the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA). After propensity score matching Ivor Lewis and McKeown approaches separately, lymph node yield and short-term outcomes were compared between patients who underwent paratracheal lymphadenectomy versus patients who did not. Results: Between 2011-2017, 2128 patients were included. Some 770 patients (n=385 vs. n=385) and 516 patients (n=258 vs. n=258) were matched for the Ivor Lewis and McKeown approaches, respectively. Paratracheal lymphadenectomy was associated with a higher lymph node yield in Ivor Lewis (23 vs. 19 nodes, P
Published: 2023

34. A Phase II Study Demonstrates No Feasibility of Adjuvant Treatment with Six Cycles of S-1 and Oxaliplatin in Resectable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, with ERCC1 as Biomarker for Response to SOX

Author: Charlotte I. Stroes, Sandor Schokker, Remco J. Molenaar, Ron A. A. Mathôt, Maarten F. Bijlsma, Stephanie O. van der Woude, João P. Belo Pereira, Gerrit K. J. Hooijer, Rob H. A. Verhoeven, Annemieke Cats, Cecile Grootscholten, Johanna W. van Sandick, Geert-Jan Creemers, Grard A. P. Nieuwenhuijzen, Nadia Haj Mohammad, Jelle P. Ruurda, Sybren L. Meijer, Maarten C. C. M. Hulshof, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, and Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
Subjects: esophageal adenocarcinoma, adjuvant chemotherapy, S-1, oxaliplatin, predictive biomarkers, S-1 pharmacokinetics, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: We assessed the feasibility of adjuvant S-1 and oxaliplatin following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and esophagectomy. Patients treated with nCRT (paclitaxel, carboplatin) and esophagectomy received six 21-day cycles with oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) on day 1 and S-1 (25 mg/m2 twice daily) on days 1–14. The primary endpoint was feasibility, defined as ≥50% completing treatment. We performed exploratory propensity-score matching to compare survival, ERCC1 and Thymidylate Synthase (TS) immunohistochemistry analyses, proteomics biomarker discovery and 5-FU pharmacokinetic analyses. Forty patients were enrolled and 48% completed all adjuvant cycles. Median dose intensity was 98% for S-1 and 62% for oxaliplatin. The main reason for early discontinuation was toxicity (67%). The median recurrence-free and overall survival were 28.3 months and 40.8 months, respectively (median follow-up 29.1 months). Survival was not significantly prolonged compared to a matched cohort (p = 0.09). Patients with ERCC1 negative tumor expression had significantly better survival compared to ERCC1 positivity (p = 0.01). Our protein signature model was predictive of survival [p = 0.04; Area under the curve (AUC) 0.80]. Moreover, 5-FU pharmacokinetics significantly correlated with treatment-related toxicity. To conclude, six cycles adjuvant S-1 and oxaliplatin were not feasible in pretreated esophageal adenocarcinoma. Although the question remains whether additional treatment with chemotherapy should be provided in the adjuvant setting, subgroups such as patients with ERCC1 negativity could potentially benefit from adjuvant SOX based on our exploratory biomarker research.
Published: 2021
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35. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival in molecular subtypes of resectable gastric cancer: a post hoc analysis of the D1/D2 and CRITICS trials

Author: Hedde D. Biesma, Tanya T. D. Soeratram, Karolina Sikorska, Irene A. Caspers, Hendrik F. van Essen, Jacqueline M. P. Egthuijsen, Aart Mookhoek, Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Marianne Nordsmark, Donald L. van der Peet, Fabienne A. R. M. Warmerdam, Maud M. Geenen, Olaf J. L. Loosveld, Johanneke E. A. Portielje, Maartje Los, Daniëlle A. M. Heideman, Elma Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg, Henk H. Hartgrink, Johanna van Sandick, Marcel Verheij, Cornelis J. H. van de Velde, Annemieke Cats, Bauke Ylstra, Nicole C. T. van Grieken, Pathology, Internal medicine, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, and Radiation Oncology
Subjects: Clinical Trials as Topic, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Cancer Research, Stomach neoplasms, Histopathological response, Gastroenterology, General Medicine, Prognosis, Neoadjuvant Therapy, digestive system diseases, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14], Oncology, Humans, Microsatellite Instability, Mucinous differentiation, Microsatellite instability (MSI)
Abstract: Background Epstein–Barr virus positivity (EBV+) and microsatellite instability (MSI-high) are positive prognostic factors for survival in resectable gastric cancer (GC). However, benefit of perioperative treatment in patients with MSI-high tumors remains topic of discussion. Here, we present the clinicopathological outcomes of patients with EBV+, MSI-high, and EBV−/MSS GCs who received either surgery only or perioperative treatment. Methods EBV and MSI status were determined on tumor samples collected from 447 patients treated with surgery only in the D1/D2 trial, and from 451 patients treated perioperatively in the CRITICS trial. Results were correlated to histopathological response, morphological tumor characteristics, and survival. Results In the D1/D2 trial, 5-year cancer-related survival was 65.2% in 47 patients with EBV+, 56.7% in 47 patients with MSI-high, and 47.6% in 353 patients with EBV−/MSS tumors. In the CRITICS trial, 5-year cancer-related survival was 69.8% in 25 patients with EBV+, 51.7% in 27 patients with MSI-high, and 38.6% in 402 patients with EBV−/MSS tumors. Interestingly, all three MSI-high tumors with moderate to complete histopathological response (3/27, 11.1%) had substantial mucinous differentiation. No EBV+ tumors had a mucinous phenotype. 115/402 (28.6%) of EBV−/MSS tumors had moderate to complete histopathological response, of which 23/115 (20.0%) had a mucinous phenotype. Conclusions In resectable GC, MSI-high had favorable outcome compared to EBV−/MSS, both in patients treated with surgery only, and in those treated with perioperative chemo(radio)therapy. Substantial histopathological response was restricted to mucinous MSI-high tumors. The mucinous phenotype might be a relevant parameter in future clinical trials for MSI-high patients.
Published: 2022

36. Patient-Related Prognostic Factors for Anastomotic Leakage, Major Complications, and Short-Term Mortality Following Esophagectomy for Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Author: Daan M. Voeten, Henk H. Hartgrink, Richard van Hillegersberg, Rob A. E. M. Tollenaar, Robert T. van Kooten, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Michel W.J.M. Wouters, and Ewout W. Steyerberg
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Esophageal Neoplasms, medicine.medical_treatment, Anastomotic Leak, Disease, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Thoracic Oncology, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Cancer, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Comorbidity, Surgery, Esophagectomy, Oncology, Adenocarcinoma, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Objective The aim of this study is to identify preoperative patient-related prognostic factors for anastomotic leakage, mortality, and major complications in patients undergoing oncological esophagectomy. Background Esophagectomy is a high-risk procedure with an incidence of major complications around 25% and short-term mortality around 4%. Methods We systematically searched the Medline and Embase databases for studies investigating the associations between patient-related prognostic factors and anastomotic leakage, major postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo ≥ IIIa), and/or 30-day/in-hospital mortality after esophagectomy for cancer. Results Thirty-nine eligible studies identifying 37 prognostic factors were included. Cardiac comorbidity was associated with anastomotic leakage, major complications, and mortality. Male sex and diabetes were prognostic factors for anastomotic leakage and major complications. Additionally, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score > III and renal disease were associated with anastomotic leakage and mortality. Pulmonary comorbidity, vascular comorbidity, hypertension, and adenocarcinoma tumor histology were identified as prognostic factors for anastomotic leakage. Age > 70 years, habitual alcohol usage, and body mass index (BMI) 18.5–25 kg/m2 were associated with increased risk for mortality. Conclusions Various patient-related prognostic factors are associated with anastomotic leakage, major postoperative complications, and postoperative mortality following oncological esophagectomy. This knowledge may define case-mix adjustment models used in benchmarking or auditing and may assist in selection of patients eligible for surgery or tailored perioperative care.
Published: 2022

37. Use of Palliative Chemotherapy and ICU Admissions in Gastric and Esophageal Cancer Patients in the Last Phase of Life: A Nationwide Observational Study

Author: Joost Besseling, Jan Reitsma, Judith A. Van Erkelens, Maike H. J. Schepens, Michiel P. C. Siroen, Cathelijne M. P. Ziedses des Plantes, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Laurens V. Beerepoot, Theo Van Voorthuizen, Lia Van Zuylen, Rob H. A. Verhoeven, and Hanneke van Laarhoven
Subjects: gastroesophageal cancer, palliative care, nationwide, end of life, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Since intensive care unit (ICU) admission and chemotherapy use near death impair the quality of life, we studied the prevalence of both and their correlation with hospital volume in incurable gastroesophageal cancer patients as both impair the quality of life. We analyzed all Dutch patients with incurable gastroesophageal cancer who died in 2017–2018. National insurance claims data were used to determine the prevalence of ICU admission and chemotherapy use (stratified on previous chemotherapy treatment) at three and one month(s) before death. We calculated correlations between hospital volume (i.e., the number of included patients per hospital) and both outcomes. We included 3748 patients (mean age: 71.4 years; 71.4% male). The prevalence of ICU admission and chemotherapy use were, respectively, 5.6% and 21.2% at three months and 4.2% and 8.0% at one month before death. Chemotherapy use at three and one months before death was, respectively, 4.3 times (48.0% vs. 11.2%) and 3.7 times higher (15.7% vs. 4.3%), comparing patients with previous chemotherapy treatment to those without. Hospital volume was negatively correlated with chemotherapy use in the final month (rweighted = −0.23, p = 0.04). ICU admission and chemotherapy use were relatively infrequent. Oncologists in high-volume hospitals may be better equipped in selecting patients most likely to benefit from chemotherapy.
Published: 2021
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38. An International Multicenter Study Exploring Whether Surveillance After Esophageal Cancer Surgery Impacts Oncological and Quality of Life Outcomes (ENSURE)

Author: Jessie A, Elliott, Sheraz R, Markar, Fredrik, Klevebro, Asif, Johar, Lucas, Goense, Pernilla, Lagergren, Giovanni, Zaninotto, Richard, van Hillegersberg, Mark I, van Berge Henegouwen, Magnus, Nilsson, George B, Hanna, John V, Reynolds, and Nicolas, Demartines
Subjects: Surgery
Abstract: To determine the impact of surveillance on recurrence pattern, treatment, survival and health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) following curative-intent resection for esophageal cancer.Although therapies for recurrent esophageal cancer may impact survival and HRQL, surveillance protocols after primary curative treatment are varied and inconsistent, reflecting a lack of evidence.European iNvestigation of SUrveillance after Resection for Esophageal cancer was an international multicenter study of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers (2009-2015) across 20 centers (NCT03461341). Intensive surveillance (IS) was defined as annual computed tomography for 3 years postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS), secondary outcomes included treatment, disease-specific survival, recurrence pattern, and HRQL. Multivariable linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed.Four thousand six hundred eighty-two patients were studied (72.6% adenocarcinoma, 69.1% neoadjuvant therapy, 45.5% IS). At median followup 60 months, 47.5% developed recurrence, oligometastatic in 39%. IS was associated with reduced symptomatic recurrence (OR 0.17 [0.12-0.25]) and increased tumor-directed therapy (OR 2.09 [1.58-2.77]). After adjusting for confounders, no OS benefit was observed among all patients (HR 1.01 [0.89-1.13]), but OS was improved following IS for those who underwent surgery alone (HR 0.60 [0.47-0.78]) and those with lower pathological (y)pT stages (Tis-2, HR 0.72 [0.58-0.89]). IS was associated with greater anxiety ( P =0.016), but similar overall HRQL.IS was associated with improved oncologic outcome in select cohorts, specifically patients with early-stage disease at presentation or favorable pathological stage post neoadjuvant therapy. This may inform guideline development, and enhance shared decision-making, at a time when therapeutic options for recurrence are expanding.
Published: 2022

39. Association between Surgical Patient Selection and Hospital Variation in Failure to Cure in Esophageal Cancer Surgery: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Author: Daan M. Voeten, Pauline A.J. Vissers, Rob H.A. Verhoeven, Richard van Hillegersberg, and Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen
Subjects: Gastroenterology, Surgery
Abstract: Introduction: Failure to cure describes: (1) nonresectional (“open-close”) surgery, (2) non-radical surgery (R1-R2), and/or (3) postoperative mortality. This study aimed to investigate whether hospitals offering surgery to a large proportion of patients have higher failure-to-cure rates than hospitals operating fewer patients. Methods: From the Netherlands Cancer Registry, all cT1–cT4a/cTx-any cN–cM0 esophageal cancer patients diagnosed in 2015–2018 were included. For each center, the expected (E) proportion of patients undergoing surgery was established and divided by the observed (O) proportion. Hospitals were categorized into three groups: (1) hospitals treating relatively many patients with surgery, (2) average hospitals, and (3) hospitals treating relatively few patients with surgery. Multilevel multivariable regression investigated the association between these hospital groups and failure to cure. Results: Some 3,437 (53.2%) of 6,457 patients underwent surgery, ranging from 45 to 64% among 16 hospitals. The failure-to-cure rate was 15.0% (hospital variation [4.6–23.7%]). After categorizing, 1,003 patients underwent surgery in hospitals with low surgery rates (O/E ratio 1.01/corrected percentage >54%). Failure-to-cure rates were 16.8%, 12.2%, and 14.0%, respectively. This was nonsignificant in multilevel analyses (aOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.38–1.05; aOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.46–1.24). Discussion/Conclusion: Failure-to-cure rates were similar in hospitals with a high surgery rate and hospitals with a low rate. Increasing the proportion of patients undergoing a resection may offer more patients, a chance for cure.
Published: 2022

40. Clinical implications of chyle leakage following esophagectomy

Author: Pascale J M Schafrat, Sofie P G Henckens, Eliza R C Hagens, Wietse J Eshuis, Suzanne S Gisbertz, Wytze Laméris, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Cancer Center Amsterdam, and CCA - Imaging and biomarkers
Subjects: Gastroenterology, General Medicine
Abstract: Summary The clinical consequences of chyle leakage following esophagectomy are underexposed. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical implications of chyle leakage following esophagectomy. This retrospective study of prospectively collected data included patients who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy in 2017–2020. Routinely, the thoracic duct was resected en bloc as part of the mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Chyle leakage was defined as milky drain fluid for which specific treatment was initiated and/or a triglyceride level in drain fluid of ≥1.13 mmol/L, according to the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) classification. Primary endpoints were the clinical characteristics of chyle leakage (type, severity and treatment). Secondary endpoints were the impact of chyle leakage on duration of thoracic drainage and hospital stay. Chyle leakage was present in 43/314 patients (14%), of whom 24 (56%) were classified as severity A and 19 (44%) as severity B. All patients were successfully treated with either medium chain triglyceride diet (98%) or total parental nutrition (2%). There were no re-interventions for chyle leakage during initial admission, although one patient needed additional pleural drainage during readmission. Patients with chyle leakage had 3 days longer duration of thoracic drainage (bias corrected accelerated (BCa) 95%CI:0.46–0.76) and 3 days longer hospital stay (BCa 95%CI:0.07–0.36), independently of the presence of other complications. Chyle leakage is a relatively frequent complication following esophagectomy. Postoperative chyle leakage was associated with a significant longer duration of thoracic drainage and hospital admission. Nonsurgical treatment was successful in all patients with chyle leakage.
Published: 2023

41. Author response to

Author: Berend J van der Wilk, Sjoerd M Lagarde, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism
Subjects: Surgery
Published: 2023

42. Identifying a core symptom set triggering radiological and endoscopic investigations for suspected recurrent esophago-gastric cancer : a modified Delphi consensus process

Author: Swathikan Chidambaram, Nikhil M Patel, Viknesh Sounderajah, Rita Alfieri, Luigi Bonavina, Edward Cheong, Andy Cockbain, Xavier Benoit D’Journo, Lorenzo Ferri, Ewen A Griffiths, Peter Grimminger, Caroline Gronnier, Christian Gutschow, Jakob Hedberg, Joonas H Kauppila, Sjoerd Lagarde, Donald Low, Philippe Nafteux, Grard Nieuwenhuijzen, Magnus Nilsson, Riccardo Rosati, Wolfgang Schroeder, B Mark Smithers, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen, Richard van Hillegesberg, David I Watson, Ravinder Vohra, Nick Maynard, Sheraz R Markar, Surgery, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Patel, Nikhil M, Sounderajah, Viknesh, Alfieri, Rita, Bonavina, Luigi, Cheong, Edward, Cockbain, Andy, D'Journo, Xavier Benoit, Ferri, Lorenzo, Griffiths, Ewen A, Grimminger, Peter, Gronnier, Caroline, Gutschow, Christian, Hedberg, Jakob, Kauppila, Joonas H, Lagarde, Sjoerd, Low, Donald, Nafteux, Philippe, Nieuwenhuijzen, Grard, Nilsson, Magnu, Rosati, Riccardo, Schroeder, Wolfgang, Smithers, B Mark, van Berge Henegouwen, Mark I, van Hillegesberg, Richard, Watson, David I, Vohra, Ravinder, Maynard, Nick, and Markar, Sheraz R
Subjects: Cancer och onkologi, endoscopic, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, gastric cancer, Kirurgi, Cancer and Oncology, Gastroenterology, surveillance, Surgery, General Medicine, esophageal cancer, symptom
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is currently a lack of evidence-based guidelines regarding surveillance for recurrence after esophageal and gastric (OG) cancer surgical resection, and which symptoms should prompt endoscopic or radiological investigations for recurrence. The aim of this study was to develop a core symptom set using a modified Delphi consensus process that should guide clinicians to carry out investigations to look for suspected recurrent OG cancer in previously asymptomatic patients. METHODS: A web-based survey of 42 questions was sent to surgeons performing OG cancer resections at high volume centers. The first section evaluated the structure of follow-up and the second, determinants of follow-up. Two rounds of a modified Delphi consensus process and a further consensus workshop were used to determine symptoms warranting further investigations. Symptoms with a 75% consensus agreement as suggestive of recurrent cancer were included in the core symptom set. RESULTS: 27 surgeons completed the questionnaires. A total of 70.3% of centers reported standardized surveillance protocols, whereas 3.7% of surgeons did not undertake any surveillance in asymptomatic patients after OG cancer resection. In asymptomatic patients, 40.1% and 25.9% of centers performed routine imaging and endoscopy, respectively. The core set that reached consensus, consisted of eight symptoms that warranted further investigations included; dysphagia to solid food, dysphagia to liquids, vomiting, abdominal pain, chest pain, regurgitation of foods, unexpected weight loss and progressive hoarseness of voice. CONCLUSION: There is global variation in monitoring patients after OG cancer resection. Eight symptoms were identified by the consensus process as important in prompting radiological or endoscopic investigation for suspected recurrent malignancy. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to link surveillance strategies to survival outcomes and evaluate prognostic value. ispartof: DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS vol:36 issue:1 ispartof: location:United States status: published
Published: 2023

43. Definition, diagnosis and treatment of oligometastatic oesophagogastric cancer: A Delphi consensus study in Europe

Author: Tiuri E. Kroese, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven, Sebastian F. Schoppman, Pieter R.A.J. Deseyne, Eric van Cutsem, Karin Haustermans, Philippe Nafteux, Melissa Thomas, Radka Obermannova, Hanna R. Mortensen, Marianne Nordsmark, Per Pfeiffer, Anneli Elme, Antoine Adenis, Guillaume Piessen, Christiane J. Bruns, Florian Lordick, Ines Gockel, Markus Moehler, Cihan Gani, Theodore Liakakos, John Reynolds, Alessio G. Morganti, Riccardo Rosati, Carlo Castoro, Francesco Cellini, Domenico D'Ugo, Franco Roviello, Maria Bencivenga, Giovanni de Manzoni, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Maarten C.C.M. Hulshof, Jolanda van Dieren, Marieke Vollebergh, Johanna W. van Sandick, Paul Jeene, Christel T. Muijs, Marije Slingerland, Francine E.M. Voncken, Henk Hartgrink, Geert-Jan Creemers, Maurice J.C. van der Sangen, Grard Nieuwenhuijzen, Maaike Berbee, Marcel Verheij, Bas Wijnhoven, Laurens V. Beerepoot, Nadia H. Mohammad, Stella Mook, Jelle P. Ruurda, Piotr Kolodziejczyk, Wojciech P. Polkowski, Lucjan Wyrwicz, Maria Alsina, Manuel Pera, Tania F. Kanonnikoff, Andrés Cervantes, Magnus Nilsson, Stefan Monig, Anna D. Wagner, Matthias Guckenberger, Ewen A. Griffiths, Elizabeth Smyth, George B. Hanna, Sheraz Markar, M. Asif Chaudry, Maria A. Hawkins, Edward Cheong, Richard van Hillegersberg, Peter S.N. van Rossum, Tom Rozema, Joos Heisterkamp, Markus Schaefer, Esat-Mahmut Ozsahin, Jacco de Haan, Jan Willem van den Berg, Frederic Duprez, Eduard Callebout, Elke van Daele, Ulrich Hacker, Albrecht Hoffmeister, Thomas Kuhnt, Timm Denecke, Regine Kluge, Gerald Prager, A. Ilhan-Mutlu, Dajana Cuicchi, Andrea Ardizzoni, Camiel Rosman, Elske C. Gootjes, Heidi Rütten, Francesco Puccetti, Stefano Cascinu, Najla Slim, Maria Eugenia Barrios, Maria Carmen Fernandez, Roberto Martí-Oriol, Marisol Huerta Alvaro, Almudena Vera, Esther Jordá, Fernando L. Mozos, Anna Reig, Laura Visa, Bogumiła Ciseł, Joanna Czechowska, Magdalena Kwietniewska, Agnieszka Pikuła, Magdalena Skórzewska, Aleksandra Kozłowska, Karol Rawicz-Pruszyński, Internal medicine, Surgery, AII - Cancer immunology, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, Radiation Oncology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC other, Institut Català de la Salut, [Kroese TE] Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. [van Laarhoven HWM] Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. [Schoppman SF] Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria. [Deseyne PRAJ] Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. [van Cutsem E] Department of Medical Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium. [Haustermans K] Department of Radiation Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium. [Alsina M] Servei d’Oncologia Mèdica, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
Subjects: neoplasias::neoplasias por localización::neoplasias del sistema digestivo::neoplasias gastrointestinales::neoplasias gástricas [ENFERMEDADES], Cancer Research, Oligometastasis, Stereotactic body radiotherapy, Oesophageal cancer, Metastasectomy, neoplasias::neoplasias por localización::neoplasias del sistema digestivo::neoplasias gastrointestinales::neoplasias del esófago [ENFERMEDADES], Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Digestive System Neoplasms::Gastrointestinal Neoplasms::Esophageal Neoplasms [DISEASES], Metastasis, Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14], Esòfag - Càncer - Diagnòstic, Ciencias de la información::análisis de sistemas::técnica Delfos [CIENCIA DE LA INFORMACIÓN], Metàstasi, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Oncology, Estómac - Càncer - Diagnòstic, Decisió, Presa de, Information Science::Systems Analysis::Delphi Technique [INFORMATION SCIENCE], Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Digestive System Neoplasms::Gastrointestinal Neoplasms::Stomach Neoplasms [DISEASES], Gastric cancer
Abstract: Gastric cancer; Metastasectomy; Oligometastasis Cáncer gástrico; Metastasectomía; Oligometástasis Càncer gàstric; Metastasectomia; Oligometàstasi Background Local treatment improves the outcomes for oligometastatic disease (OMD, i.e. an intermediate state between locoregional and widespread disseminated disease). However, consensus about the definition, diagnosis and treatment of oligometastatic oesophagogastric cancer is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop a multidisciplinary European consensus statement on the definition, diagnosis and treatment of oligometastatic oesophagogastric cancer. Methods In total, 65 specialists in the multidisciplinary treatment for oesophagogastric cancer from 49 expert centres across 16 European countries were requested to participate in this Delphi study. The consensus finding process consisted of a starting meeting, 2 online Delphi questionnaire rounds and an online consensus meeting. Input for Delphi questionnaires consisted of (1) a systematic review on definitions of oligometastatic oesophagogastric cancer and (2) a discussion of real-life clinical cases by multidisciplinary teams. Experts were asked to score each statement on a 5-point Likert scale. The agreement was scored to be either absent/poor (2 years, either upfront local treatment or systemic treatment followed by restaging was considered as treatment (fair agreement). Conclusion The OMEC project has resulted in a multidisciplinary European consensus statement for the definition, diagnosis and treatment of oligometastatic oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer. This can be used to standardise inclusion criteria for future clinical trials.
Published: 2023

44. Hospital Variation in Feeding Jejunostomy Policy for Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy

Author: Maurits R. Visser, Jennifer Straatman, Daan M. Voeten, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Jelle. P. Ruurda, Misha D. P. Luyer, Pieter C. van der Sluis, Donald L. van der Peet, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Richard van Hillegersberg, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, and CCA - Imaging and biomarkers
Subjects: esophageal carcinoma, Nutrition and Dietetics, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, complications, minimally invasive esophagectomy, feeding jejunostomy, Food Science
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate hospital variation in the placement, surgical techniques, and safety of feeding jejunostomies (FJ) during minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in the Netherlands. This nationwide cohort study analyzed patients registered in the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA) that underwent MIE for cancer. Hospital variation in FJ placement rates were investigated using case-mix corrected funnel plots. Short-term outcomes were compared between patients with and without FJ using multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis. The incidence of FJ-related complications was described and compared between hospitals performing routine and non-routine placement (≥90%&ndash
Published: 2023

45. Gender Differences in Treatment Allocation and Survival of Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer

Author: Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Anna Dorothea Wagner, Valery E.P.P. Lemmens, Marianne C Kalff, Martijn G.H. van Oijen, Willemieke P M Dijksterhuis, Rob H.A. Verhoeven, Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Internal medicine, APH - Methodology, APH - Quality of Care, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Public Health, Oncology, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Graduate School, and Other Research
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, Esophageal Neoplasms, Adenocarcinoma, Logistic regression, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacotherapy, Sex Factors, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Stomach Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Cardia, Odds ratio, Articles, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Cancer registry, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, business, AcademicSubjects/MED00010, drug therapy, esophageal neoplasms, gastric neoplasms, gender identity, palliative treatment, sex
Abstract: Background Biological sex and gender have been reported to affect incidence and overall survival (OS) of curatively treated gastroesophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare palliative treatment allocation and OS between women and men with advanced gastroesophageal cancer. Methods Patients with an unresectable or metastatic esophageal (including cardia) adenocarcinoma (EAC) or squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) diagnosed in 2015-2018 were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Treatment allocation was compared using χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses, and OS using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards analysis. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results Of patients with EAC (n = 3077), ESCC (n = 794), and GAC (n = 1836), 18.0%, 39.4%, and 39.1% were women, respectively. Women less often received systemic treatment compared with men for EAC (42.7% vs 47.4%, P = .045) and GAC (33.8% vs 38.8%, P = .03) but not for ESCC (33.2% vs 39.5%, P = .07). Women had a lower probability of receiving systemic treatment for GAC in multivariable analyses (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62 to 1.00) but not for EAC (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.69 to 1.06) and ESCC (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.14). Median OS was lower in women with EAC (4.4 vs 5.2 months, P = .04) but did not differ after adjustment for patient and tumor characteristics and systemic treatment administration. Conclusions We observed statistically significant and clinically relevant gender differences in systemic treatment administration and OS in advanced gastroesophageal cancer. Causes of these disparities may be sex based (ie, related to tumor biology) as well as gender based (eg, related to differences in treatment choices).
Published: 2021

46. Treating Early Delayed Gastric Tube Emptying after Esophagectomy with Pneumatic Pyloric Dilation

Author: Alexander C Mertens, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Jan A. H. Gooszen, Paul Fockens, Rogier P. Voermans, Arjan Bredenoord, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Graduate School, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Surgery
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Gastroparesis, Esophageal Neoplasms, medicine.medical_treatment, Balloon, Pyloric dilation, Esophageal cancer surgery, Postoperative Complications, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Pylorus, Enteral Tube Feeding, Gastric emptying, business.industry, Gastric tube reconstruction, Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, Dilatation, Surgery, Esophagectomy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Balloon dilation, business, Delayed conduit emptying, Research Article
Abstract: Introduction: Endoscopic pneumatic pyloric balloon dilation is a treatment option for early postoperative delayed gastric tube emptying following esophageal resection. This study aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic balloon dilation. Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, patients with delayed gastric emptying 8–10 days after esophageal resection with gastric tube reconstruction due to esophageal carcinoma were considered for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were ≥1 of the following: nasogastric tube production ≥500 mL/24 h, ≥300 mL gastric retention, ≥50% gastric tube dilatation on X-ray, or nasogastric tube replacement. Patients were excluded on evidence of anastomotic leakage or reintervention. Success was defined as the ability to expand intake without needing to replace the nasogastric tube. Dilation was performed using a 30-mm Rigiflex balloon. Results: Fifteen patients underwent pyloric dilation, 12 according to the study protocol. Treatment was performed at a median of 12 days (IQR 9–15) postoperatively. Success was achieved in 58%. At 3 months, 8 patients progressed to exclusively oral intake. The remaining 4 patients had supplementary nightly enteral tube feeding. There were no adverse events. Conclusion: Endoscopic balloon dilation of the pylorus is a safe, feasible therapy for early postoperative delayed gastric emptying. With a success rate of 58%, a clinical trial is a necessary next step.
Published: 2021

47. Outcomes of Patients with Anastomotic Leakage After Transhiatal, McKeown or Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Author: Camiel Rosman, Suzanne S. Gisbertz, Moniek Verstegen, Bastiaan R. Klarenbeek, Annelijn E. Slaman, Frans van Workum, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, Graduate School, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, and Surgery
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Esophageal Neoplasms, Original Scientific Report, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Mortality rate, Anastomotic Leak, Vascular surgery, Esophageal cancer, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cardiac surgery, Cohort Studies, Esophagectomy, Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14], Postoperative Complications, Cardiothoracic surgery, medicine, Humans, business, Abdominal surgery, Cohort study, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background Anastomotic leakage has a great impact on clinical outcomes after esophagectomy. It has never been studied whether anastomotic leakage is of equal severity between different types of esophagectomy (i.e., transhiatal, McKeown and Ivor Lewis) in terms of postoperative mortality and morbidity. Methods All esophageal cancer patients with anastomotic leakage after transhiatal, McKeown or Ivor Lewis esophagectomy between 2011 and 2019 were selected from the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA) registry. The primary outcome was 30-day/in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, re-operation and ICU readmission rate. Results Data from 1030 patients with anastomotic leakage after transhiatal (n=287), McKeown (n=397) and Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (n=346) were evaluated. The 30-day/in-hospital mortality rate was 4.5% in patients with leakage after transhiatal esophagectomy, 8.1% after McKeown and 8.1% after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (P=0.139). After correction for confounders, leakage after transhiatal resection was associated with lower mortality (OR 0.152–0.699, P=0.004), but mortality after McKeown and Ivor Lewis esophagectomy was similar. Re-operation rate was 24.0% after transhiatal, 40.6% after McKeown and 41.3% after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (PP Conclusion This study in patients with anastomotic leakage confirms a strong association between severity of clinical consequences and different types of esophagectomy. It supports the hypothesis that cervical leakage is generally less severe than intrathoracic leakage. The clinical impact of anastomotic leakage should be taken into account, in addition to its incidence, when different types of esophagectomy are compared by clinicians or researchers.
Published: 2021

48. Improved anastomotic leakage rates after the 'flap and wrap' reconstruction in Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for cancer

Author: Annelijn E Slaman, Wietse J Eshuis, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen, Suzanne S Gisbertz, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, and CCA -Cancer Center Amsterdam
Subjects: cancer esophagus, surgery, complications, esophagogastric anastomosis, Gastroenterology, esophagectomy, minimally invasive, digestive surgery, General Medicine, esophageal cancer, anastomotic leakage, survival
Abstract: Summary Anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy has serious consequences. In Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, a shorter and possibly better vascularized gastric conduit is created than in McKeown esophagectomy. Intrathoracic anastomoses can additionally be wrapped in omentum and concealed behind the pleura (“flap and wrap” reconstruction). Aims of this observational study were to assess the anastomotic leakage incidence after transhiatal esophagectomy (THE), McKeown esophagectomy (McKeown), Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (IL) without “flap and wrap” reconstruction, and IL with “flap and wrap” reconstruction. Consecutive patients undergoing esophagectomy at a tertiary referral center between January 2013 and April 2019 were included. Primary outcome was the anastomotic leakage rate. Secondary outcomes were postoperative outcomes, mortality, and 3-year overall survival. A total of 463 patients were included. The anastomotic leakage incidence after THE (n = 37), McKeown (n = 97), IL without “flap and wrap” reconstruction (n = 39), and IL with “flap and wrap” reconstruction (n = 290) were 24.3, 32.0, 28.2, and 7.2% (P
Published: 2022

49. Population-based study of treatment and outcome of recurrent oesophageal or junctional cancer

Author: Marieke Pape, Pauline A J Vissers, David Bertwistle, Laura McDonald, Laurens V Beerepoot, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen, Sjoerd M Lagarde, Stella Mook, Nadia Haj Mohammad, Paul M Jeene, Hanneke W M van Laarhoven, Rob H A Verhoeven, Graduate School, Surgery, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Oncology, APH - Methodology, APH - Quality of Care, and Internal medicine
Subjects: Esophagectomy, Treatment Outcome, Esophageal Neoplasms, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Humans, Surgery, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background Patients with cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction have a high risk of recurrence after treatment with curative intent. The aim of this study was to analyse the site of recurrence, treatment, and survival in patients with recurrent disease. Methods Patients with non-metastatic oesophageal or junctional carcinoma treated with curative intent between January 2015 and December 2016 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Data on recurrence were collected in the second half of 2019. Overall survival (OS) was assessed by Kaplan–Meier methods. Results In total, 862 of 1909 patients (45.2 per cent) for whom information on follow-up was available had disease recurrence, and 858 patients were included. Some 161 of 858 patients (18.8 per cent) had locoregional recurrence only, 415 (48.4 per cent) had distant recurrence only, and 282 (32.9 per cent) had combined locoregional and distant recurrence. In all, 518 of 858 patients (60.4 per cent) received best supportive care only and 315 (39.6 per cent) underwent tumour-directed therapy. Patients with locoregional recurrence alone more often received chemoradiotherapy than those with distant or combined locoregional and distant recurrence (19.3 per cent versus 0.7 and 2.8 per cent), and less often received systemic therapy (11.2 per cent versus 30.1 and 35.8 per cent). Median OS was 7.6, 4.2, and 3.3 months for patients with locoregional, distant, and combined locoregional and distant recurrence respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion Disease recurred after curative treatment in 45.2 per cent of patients. Locoregional recurrence developed in only 18.8 per cent. The vast majority of patients presented with distant or combined locoregional and distant recurrence, and received best supportive care.
Published: 2022

50. Evaluation of inter-user variability in indocyanine green fluorescence angiography to assess gastric conduit perfusion in esophageal cancer surgery

Author: Niall P Hardy, Johanna J Joosten, Jeffrey Dalli, Roel Hompes, Ronan A Cahill, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen, Graduate School, Surgery, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, and CCA - Imaging and biomarkers
Subjects: indocyanine green, interobserver variability, Esophageal Neoplasms, Anastomosis, Surgical, Gastroenterology, perfusion angiogram, Anastomotic Leak, General Medicine, anastomotic leakage, Esophagectomy, Perfusion, Humans, near-infrared laparoscopy, esophageal cancer, upper gastrointestinal surgery, Fluorescein Angiography
Abstract: Summary Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography (ICGFA) has been deployed to tackle malperfusion-related anastomotic complications. This study assesses variations in operator interpretation of pre-anastomotic ICGFA inflow in the gastric conduit. Utilizing an innovative online interactive multimedia platform (Mindstamp), esophageal surgeons completed a baseline opinion-practice questionnaire and proceeded to interpret, and then digitally assign, a distal transection point on 8 ICGFA videos of esophageal resections (6 Ivor Lewis, 2 McKeown). Annotations regarding gastric conduit transection by ICGFA were compared between expert users versus non-expert participants using ImageJ to delineate longitudinal distances with Shapiro Wilk and t-tests to ascertain significance. Expert versus non-expert correlation was assessed via Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Thirty participants (13 consultants, 6 ICGFA experts) completed the study in all aspects. Of these, a high majority (29 participants) stated ICGFA should be used routinely with most (21, including 5/6 experts) stating that 11–50 cases were needed for competency in interpretation. Among users, there were wide variations in dosing (0.05–3 mg/kg) and practice impact. Agreement regarding ICGFA video interpretation concerning transection level among experts was ‘moderate’ (ICC = 0.717) overall but ‘good’ (ICC = 0.871) among seven videos with Leave One Out (LOO) exclusion of the video with highest disagreement. Agreement among non-experts was moderate (ICC = 0.641) overall and in every subgroup including among consultants (ICC = 0.626). Experts choose levels that preserved more gastric conduit length versus non-experts in all but one video (P = 0.02). Considerable variability exists with ICGFA interpretation and indeed impact. Even adept users may be challenged in specific cases. Standardized training and/or computerized quantitative fluorescence may help better usage.
Published: 2022

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