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Oxidative stress plays a central role in most chronic liver diseases and, in particular, in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the new definition of an old condition known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms leading to hepatocellular fat accumulation in genetically predisposed individuals who adopt a sedentary lifestyle and consume an obesogenic diet progress through mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, which amplifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and influence the release of chronic inflammation and liver damage biomarkers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. This close pathogenetic link has been a key stimulus in the search for therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress to treat steatosis, and a number of clinical trials have been conducted to date on subjects with NAFLD using drugs as well as supplements or nutraceutical products. Vitamin E, Vitamin D, and Silybin are the most studied substances, but several non-pharmacological approaches have also been explored, especially lifestyle and diet modifications. Among the dietary approaches, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) seems to be the most reliable for affecting liver steatosis, probably with the added value of the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations of phenols (oleocanthal) and phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (Tyr). In this review, we focus on non-pharmacological interventions in MAFLD treatment that target oxidative stress and, in particular, on the role of EVOO as one of the main antioxidant components of the MD.

Introduction Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are highly prescribed drugs in Italy and in particular in the Sicilian region but little is known about their use in the hospital setting.Materials and methods PPI utilization and related costs were reviewed retrospectively by examining the pharmaceutical records of drug dispensation to the various wards of the Policlinico Universitario P. Giaccone of Palermo in 2010. Differences in the prescribing rates and drug preferences among the different clinical wards were analyzed.Results A total of 20,420 patients were hospitalized at the Policlinico of Palermo in 2010. Overall, the consumption of PPIs was 120 DDD/100 bed-days for the year 2010 with a total cost of 42,780 euros. Omeprazole and esomeprazole were the most commonly prescribed molecules accounting for over 70% of all prescriptions: nevertheless, wide differences in drug choices were noted even within the same ward. As expected, greater utilization rates were registered in the Internal Medicine and General Surgery departments. In particular, the highest consumption was observed in the Oncology, Geriatry and Obesity Surgery wards, with about 250 DDD/100 bed-days. All wards reported intravenous PPI administration suggesting some inappropriate use.Discussion From our data, PPIs appear to be moderately over-used at the Policlinico of Palermo. This practice may lead to the inappropriate continuation of therapy in primary care, further increasing costs and risks of adverse events. A survey evaluating in more detail the appropriateness of prescriptions is advisable.

The pollination process is one of the most important contributors to a successful date production since the yield and quality of the fruit depends on its correct successful. Liquid pollination in the date palm production is a recently used technique that seeks to obtain acceptable fruit set percentages (FSP) with lower pollen consumption. In this study, during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, the effect of pollination with pollen grains in liquid suspension on the FSP in the date palm cultivar ‘Mejhoul’ was evaluated in the Mexicali Valley, Mexico. The applications were in various proportions of pollen in liquid suspension (1, 2, 3 and 4 g/L), with approximately 40 mL on each inflorescence. The results revealed that the best treatment was 4 g/L with an average FSP of 67.89 and 68.69% for the years 2021 and 2022 respectively, while the control treatment obtained 54.94 and 57.75%, for the same years. Likewise, this method did not affect the physical and chemical properties and yields. Finally, this study suggests that in addition to consuming a smaller amount of pollen, this method has better pollination efficiency.

Background: Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is the second most common type of congenital hyperinsulinism caused by an activating GLUD1 mutation. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile and long-term neurological outcomes in children with HI/HA syndrome. Method: This study is a retrospective review of patients with GLUD1 mutation, treated at two centers in the UK and Russia, over a 15-year period. Different risk factors for neuro-developmental disorders were analysed by Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact P test. Results: We identified 25 cases with GLUD1 mutations (12 males). Median age of presentation was 7 months (12 h–18 months). Hypoglycaemic seizures were the presenting feature in 24 (96%) cases. Twenty four cases responded to diazoxide and protein restriction whilst one patient underwent partial pancreatectomy. In total, 13 cases (52%) developed neurodevelopmental manifestations. Epilepsy (n = 9/25, 36%), learning difficulties (n = 8/25, 32%) and speech delay (n = 8/25, 32%) were the most common neurological manifestation. Median age of presentation for epilepsy was 12 months with generalised tonic-clonic seizures being the most common (n = 4/9, 44.4%) followed by absence seizures (n = 3/9, 33.3%). Early age of presentation (P = 0.02), diazoxide dose (P = 0.04) and a mutation in exon 11 or 12 (P = 0.01) were associated with neurological disorder. Conclusion: HI/HA syndrome is associated with wide spectrum of neurological disorders. These neurological manifestations were more frequent in cases with mutations affecting the GTP-binding site of GLUD1 in our cohort.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is an abundant residue generated by the mushroom industry, which is mostly discarded. In this study, the SMS of four cultivated mushrooms were evaluated as potential sources of ligninolytic enzymes. Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, P. djamor and Ganoderma lucidum were cultivated in two different substrates to determine growth, mushroom yields and ligninolytic activity of laccase (Lac) and manganese peroxidase (MnP). Maximum activities in the SMS were 3.731 U/g Lac and 0.191 U/g MnP, both for P. eryngii. Colonized mushroom substrates were also analyzed, and higher activities were found in almost all samples. A correlation test between mushroom yields and ligninolytic activities of each culture was made, and we found that high enzymatic activity in the substrate did not result in high mushroom productivity or vice versa. The SMS was a good source of ligninolytic enzymes. Enzymatic activity depended on the mushroom species and its affinity to the substrate, and it was not influenced by the mushroom yields. Production of mushrooms in diverse lignocellulosic substrates is gaining interest, and obtaining ligninolytic enzymes from residual SMS is an excellent alternative in the circular economy concept.

Abstract The present work evaluated the agronomic behavior of species and varieties of Pleurotus submitted or not to the scratching technique. The cultivated species/varieties were Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida, and Pleurotus djamor, where half of the treatments were scratched before the first and second flushes, while the rest were only scratched before the second flush. Yield (%), biological efficiency (%), weight of mushroom (g) and number of mushrooms (uni) were evaluated. It was observed that scratching harmed the mushroom weight for P. ostreatus, where the treatment without scratching produced significantly higher values, in the first harvest flush. On the other hand, scratching favored yield and the number of mushrooms for P. djamor. When the species are compared, it is noted that P. ostreatus obtained a lower yield, which was also reflected in the biological efficiency. P. djamor stood out with a large number of mushrooms, statistically higher than the other species, on the other hand, producing mushrooms of low weight of mushroom. The use of the scratched technique is not recommended for the conditions used in the work, due to the increase in labor and loss of mushroom weight.

Citral is a monoterpene constituted by two isomers known as neral and geranial. It is present in different plant sources and recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In recent years, investigations have demonstrated that this compound exhibited several biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antibiofilm, antiparasitic, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, by in vitro and in vivo assays. Additionally, when incorporated into different food matrices, citral can reduce the microbial load of pathogenic microorganisms and extend the shelf life. This compound has acceptable drug-likeness properties and does not present any violations of Lipinski’s rules, which could be used for drug development. The above shows that citral could be a compound of interest for developing food additives to extend the shelf life of animal and vegetable origin foods and develop pharmaceutical products.

BackgroundInsulinomas are very rare in childhood with sparse knowledge on the clinical aspects and the presence of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with insulinoma between 1995 and 2021, presenting to one referral centre in Russia. Clinical, biochemical, genetic, imaging and histological data were collected. In addition, follow-up and family data were obtained.ResultsA total of twenty-two children aged 5 to 16 years were identified. The median (range) gap between the first hypoglycaemia symptoms and diagnosis was 10 (1–46) months. Twelve children (55%) were misdiagnosed to have epilepsy and were treated with anticonvulsants before hypoglycemia was revealed. Contrast enhanced MRI and/or CT were accurate to localize the lesion in 82% (n=18). Five patients (23%) had multiple pancreatic lesions. All children underwent surgical treatment. The median (range) diameter of removed tumors was 1.5 (0.3-6) cm. Histopathological studies confirmed the presence of insulinoma in all cases. Immunohistochemical studies revealed G2 differentiation grade in 10 out of 17 cases. Two patients were diagnosed with metastatic insulinoma. One of them had metastases at the time of insulinoma diagnosis, while the other was diagnosed with liver metastases eight years after the surgery. Eight children (36%) were found to carry MEN1 mutations, inherited n=5, de novo n=1, no data, n=2. Children with MEN1 had significantly higher number of pancreatic tumors compared to sporadic cases. All of them developed additional MEN1 symptoms during the following 2-13 years. In the five patients with inherited MEN1, seven family members had hitherto undiscovered MEN1 manifestations.ConclusionsIn this large cohort of children with rare pediatric insulinomas, MEN1 syndrome and G2 tumors were frequent, as well as hitherto undiscovered MEN1 manifestations in family members. Our data emphasize the need of genetic testing in all children with insulinoma and their relatives, even in the absence of any other features, as well as the importance of a prolonged follow-up observation.

In 2018, the unique breeding effort of Common Kingfisher was documented in the Danube River system, southwestern Slovakia. Preliminary observations indicated that one breeding pair managed to breed five times of which three attempts were successful. The aim of the present work was to determine whether the observed breeding pair exhibiting remarkable reproductive parameters did not undergo extra-pair interactions or partner exchange during a long breeding season using molecular techniques. Our results show, that male bred not with one, but with two females in sequence during the season. Male found a new mate during the incubation of the third brood. Due to the relatively short distance between nesting burrows and raising many offspring from both broods, we assume that the possibility of simultaneous bigamy is relatively low. Since the females very rarely leave males during breeding, we suggest that exchange of the female partner was due to a loss of the partner rather than a consequence of an abandonment by the female.

This study aims to determine how loose parts media supports early childhood creativity, so that children can explore their imaginations using loose parts media. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques were carried out by direct interviews, making anecdotal notes, in-depth documentation studies and direct observations. Data analysis was carried out by observing video observations before carrying out research and video observations after carrying out research and analyzing anecdotal notes made during conducting research. The subjects in this study were children aged 4-5 years who took the Baby's Gym Kids City Ada Baru Salatiga class. the findings in this study are Play activities using removable media or loose parts carried out by researchers to find out how loose parts media support early childhood creativity greatly influences children's creativity, seen from the children's responses when they have played using removable media consisting of stones, leaves, twigs wood and pinecone. However, there are things that need to be considered by teachers when using this removable media as a medium for teaching materials, namely the teacher is able to provide instructions or provocation questions that provoke the imagination of children and the teacher also provides a concept lighter using story books as one of the media, where this media is very useful. help the teacher, because the children are very interested in story books so that when the teacher tells the story the children are very enthusiastic about listening to the story and even the children share their experiences. The role of the teacher in this case is very important where every activity takes place.

According to applicable standards, pharmaceutical services strongly support the role of pharmacists in realizing quality pharmaceutical services to protect patients and the community and provide legal certainty for pharmaceutical personnel. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of pharmaceutical service standards in pharmacies by pharmacists in Kupang City. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 73 of 2016 concerning Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Pharmacies. The population in this study were all pharmacies in Kupang City, totaling 90 pharmacies based on data from the Health Service, with valid pharmacy permits. Respondents are pharmacists who have a valid practice license in pharmacies and are willing to participate in the survey. A total of 66 respondents returned the questionnaire, and 64 were declared complete and qualified for analysis. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis with SSPS 25. The results showed that 53.75% of pharmacies in Kupang City had implemented pharmaceutical service standards in pharmacies by Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 73 of 2016, while 46.25% have not implemented service standards properly. Pharmacies that manage pharmaceutical preparations, medical equipment, and disposable medical equipment (BMHP) according to standards are 66.1%, and clinical pharmacy services are 41.4%. The conclusion shows that pharmaceutical service standards in pharmacies have not been carried out optimally by pharmacists in Kupang City.

Abstract In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, myocardial injury is a relatively frequent finding. Progression to cardiogenic shock has been rarely described, especially in healthy young patients. The underlying mechanisms are to date controversial. A previously healthy 18‐year‐old female teenager affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) developed fulminant cardiogenic shock requiring a prompt extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Cardiac involvement was predominant compared with the pulmonary one. Myocardial biopsies were performed; and in order to clarify the pathophysiology of the acute heart failure, optical and transmission electron microscopy study was realized. Two additional immunohistology techniques were developed in order to (i) detect a SARS‐CoV‐2 recombinant fusion nucleoprotein by using a specific antibody and (ii) study fractalkine expression induced by activated endothelium because this molecule is well known to be elevated in patients with severe cytokine release syndrome. SARS‐CoV‐2 genome was not detected in the myocardium. Even if the clinical presentation, laboratory markers, and cardiac imaging techniques strongly suggested fulminant myocarditis, histology and immunohistology were not fully consistent with this diagnosis according to the Dallas criteria. Although rare suspected coronavirus particles were found by transmission electron microscopy in the cardiac endothelium, neither significant immunoreactivity for the viral nucleocapsid protein nor image suggestive of endotheliitis was detected. Intense endothelial immunoreactivity pattern for fractalkine expression was observed. From a clinical point of view, the left ventricular systolic function gradually improved, and the patient survived after a long stay in the intensive care unit. Our observations suggest that a massive cytokine storm induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was the main cause of the cardiogenic shock, making a direct viral injury pathway very unlikely.

The Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) has a fairly long breeding season in Central Europe. Birds start to breed at the end of March and finish early in September. In this time they can successfully breed two, three or four times per season. The study of kingfisher breeding biology in Danube river system (southwestern Slovakia) brought interesting discovery. In 2018, we documented the extremely long breeding period of an individual breeding pair of Kingfisher at the locality of Fodráska, where the first egg was laid on March 30, while the last young were expected to leave the nest on September 30, 2018. The pair attempted to breed five times, of which three attempts were successful with totally 19 raised chicks. The length of breeding season was estimated on around 185 days. This is one of the longest documented breeding seasons in this species and the latest date of breeding observed in the Central Europe.

Abstract Background Enteroviruses (EVs) are most commonly associated with either mild or asymptomatic infections, however, the presence of silent carriers in the community has been proven to play a crucial role in the spread of diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) that records high incidence in Asia Pacific region. In the Philippines, limited information is available on the etiology and prevalence of enterovirus outside the Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance, thus, a study to determine the baseline prevalence of Non-Polio Enteroviruses (NPEVs) among healthy Filipino children was conducted. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of NPEV among healthy children under 6 years old in the Philippines. Duplicate stool samples were collected from 360 healthy children residing in three major urban cities in the country. Virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify enteroviruses present in the samples. To determine if the results of the study are comparable to the AFP surveillance data, the results of the study were compared to the prevalence and isolation rate among AFP cases of the similar cases collected the same year. Results Prevalence of enteroviruses among healthy children was found to be at 24.7%. Comparing the NPEV rates from the study and AFP surveillance of similar age and the same year of collection, there was no significant difference in NPEV case prevalence. The study identified a total of 19 different enterovirus serotypes with majority belonging to species Enterovirus B (EV-B). Conclusion The study was able to establish a baseline NPEV case prevalence of 24.7% among healthy children aged under 6 years old in three major urban sites in the Philippines. The high isolation of NPEV among healthy children signifies continuous fecal-oral transmission of enteroviruses in the community.

Objective Improving the quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV (PLWH) has been proposed as a new priority in HIV care. The objective of this cross-sectional, qualitative study was to explore the perspectives of PLWH in Greece regarding their QoL. Design Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with PLWH receiving care across six HIV clinics in Greece. The thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews resulted in four themes and eleven subthemes. Results First, fear of repercussions (e.g., stigmatization) makes PLWH reluctant to disclose their diagnosis in public settings or disclose accounting for factors like the confidant’s discretion. Second, participants are challenged by HIV’s unique biopsychosocial facets (e.g., uncertainty about symptoms) and fear for the future (e.g., a confidant revealing their HIV status without consent). Third, support received by specialist services is satisfactory in contrast to non-HIV specialist services, where significant improvements are needed to reduce stigmatization. Finally, the experiences of PLWH include contrasting elements of post-traumatic growth and an inability to accept their seropositivity (e.g., avoiding social interactions). Conclusions Empowering PLWH in these QoL areas is greatly needed. Increasing the life expectancy of PLWH is only the initial step; their QoL needs to be secured as the next priority in HIV care.

El presente artículo es parte de la línea de investigación que venimos desarrollando desde el Centro de Estudios de Innovación Institucional de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina (CEII - UNCuyo /CONICET), a partir de los enfoques del análisis de políticas públicas, la participación ciudadana y el desarrollo territorial. En esta oportunidad, gracias a los resultados obtenidos en investigaciones previas, un exhaustivo relevamiento bibliográfico, el estudio de casos comparados de la región y un constante intercambio con colegas y equipos de investigación de otras universidades del continente americano, nos proponemos aportar una reflexión crítica en torno al involucramiento ciudadano y las innovaciones institucionales en pos de un desarrollo territorial con inclusión social, equidad socioambiental y reconocimiento de la diversidad. Para ello, la pregunta de investigación que guía nuestro trabajo hace referencia a cómo la implementación de procesos de participación ciudadana en las políticas públicas, principalmente aquellas orientadas al logro del desarrollo, puede contribuir a la innovación de las gestiones gubernamentales actuales.

Abstract Background Several inactivated enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) vaccines are currently licensed in China; however, the development of additional EV-A71 vaccines is ongoing, necessitating extensive analysis of the molecular epidemiology of the virus worldwide. Until 2012, laboratory confirmation of EV-A71 for hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and other associated diseases had not occurred in the Philippines. Because EV-A71 has been linked with cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), AFP surveillance is one strategy for documenting its possible circulation in the country. To expand current knowledge on EV-A71, molecular epidemiologic analysis and genetic characterization of EV-A71 isolates were performed in this study. Methods A retrospective study was performed to identify and characterize nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs) associated with AFP in the Philippines, and nine samples were found to be EV-A71–positive. Following characterization of these EV-A71 isolates, the complete viral protein 1 (VP1) gene was targeted for phylogenetic analysis. Results Nine EV-A71 isolates detected in 2000 (n = 2), 2002 (n = 4), 2005 (n = 2), and 2010 (n = 1) were characterized using molecular methods. Genomic regions spanning the complete VP1 region were amplified and sequenced using specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length VP1 region identified all nine EV-A71 Philippine isolates as belonging to the genogroup C lineage, specifically the C2 cluster. The result indicated a genetic linkage with several strains isolated in Japan and Taiwan, suggesting that strains in the C2 cluster identified in the Asia-Pacific region were circulating in the Philippines. Conclusion The study presents the genetic analysis of EV-A71 in the Philippines. Despite some limitations, the study provides additional genetic data on the circulating EV-A71 strains in the Asia-Pacific region, in which information on EV-A71 molecular epidemiology is incomplete. Considering that EV-A71 has a significant public health impact in the region, knowledge of its circulation in each country is important, especially for formulating vaccines covering a wide variety of strains.

HIGHLIGHTS P. ostreatus and P. sapidus are the most productive species under the evaluated conditions. Different growing systems are suitable for the production of P. ostreatus var. Florida. Temperature control level affects differently the P. ostreatus var. Florida isolates. Environmental and strain factors affect yield and production parameters of P. ostreatus var. Florida.

Pembelajaran tematik adalah karakteristik dalam pendidikan anak usia dini. Prinsip dari pembelajaran tematik adalah berpusat pada anak dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa beberapa RPPH salah satu lembaga PAUD di Salatiga yang menggunakan pembelajaran tematik dan menggunakan sentra dalam sistem pembelajaran nya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik analisa konten. Konten yang dianalisa diambil dari data RPPH yang disampling dari Lembaga PAUD dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran tematik yang dilaksanakan belum dilakukan secara mendalam dan berpusat pada anak yang sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013.

El presente trabajo es parte de la línea de investigación que venimos desarrollando desde el Centro de Estudios de Innovación Institucional de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina (CEII – UNCuyo /CONICET), a partir de los enfoques del análisis de políticas públicas, el desarrollo territorial y la participación ciudadana. En la experiencia de la política de ordenamiento territorial en Mendoza, a lo largo de los últimos 10 años, son varias las instancias participativas que se han implementado, con diversas características y resultados. A partir del análisis de las mismas y de un exhaustivo relevamiento bibliográfico, en este artículo, nos proponemos aportar una reflexión crítica en torno a los desafíos que surgen del diseño y la implementación de políticas públicas participativas orientadas al desarrollo territorial. Fundamentalmente, en el contexto generado por el COVID-19 donde uno de los retos que la nueva normalidad nos plantea es cómo pensar y repensar el involucramiento ciudadano en pos del logro de un desarrollo territorial con inclusión social y equidad socioambiental en Argentina, la región y el mundo.

Reaching an equilibrium between timber production and biodiversity conservation is one of the aims increasingly pursued in forest plantations, since biodiversity favors plantation stability while contributing to the maintenance of native community structure and functions. This equilibrium is relevant for the Patagonian steppe, which has great diversity but low representation in protected areas. Residual slash management following pruning and thinning is necessary since the traditional practice of leaving slash on the floor may limit vegetation development and increase wildfire hazard. We assessed initial vegetation response to fuel reduction treatments in five exotic conifer plantations in the Patagonian forest-steppe ecotone. We implemented mastication, prescribed fire, and mastication plus prescribed fire fuel reduction treatments and compared initial vegetation richness, abundance, and composition among treatments and with that of an untreated control, having residues on the forest floor. After 3 years, we compared vegetation among fuel treatments and with the adjacent steppe at each site. We also compared residue cover among fuel treatments. Vegetation richness reached similar values in most fuel treatments a year after their implementation, whereas abundance gradually increased in all fuel reduction treatments; in general, the greatest abundance increase was in mastication. After 3 years, richness reached steppe values in most treatments (about 9 species/4 m2), whereas abundance did not (about 40% cover in the steppe and 5–25% in fuel treatments), and species composition similarity was low among treatments and steppe in all sites (Bray–Curtis index 0.1–0.6). Plant community composition was positively correlated with annual precipitation and initial residual biomass. In sites with less precipitation and initial residual biomass, native species predominated, and mastication had the lowest negative impact on initial vegetation recovery, whereas in sites with high proportion of exotic, vegetation recovery was led by exotics in all fuel reduction treatments; in a site having scarce vegetation within plantation, we did not detect any substantial change. Woody residues only decreased when their initial cover was >20%, and litter debris cover reloaded by the second year after fuel reduction. Our results suggest that mastication had the lowest negative short-term impact on native vegetation.

Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is a transdiagnostic risk factor involved in the development and maintenance of different psychopathological conditions including anxiety disorders and psychosis. It consists of Physical Concerns (e.g., the belief that palpitations lead to a cardiac arrest), Social Concerns (the belief that observable anxiety reactions will elicit social rejection), and Cognitive Concerns (the belief that cognitive difficulties lead to mental incapacitation). No study investigated whether specific AS dimensions are related to At-Risk Mental States (ARMS). This study compared AS dimensions between young individuals with ARMS, patients after a recently occurred First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) and matched community controls. Based on models of ARMS and previous evidence, it was hypothesized that ARMS individuals have higher physical, social and cognitive concerns than FEP patients and controls. Thirty individuals with ARMS and 30 with FEP and 30 controls recruited from the general population completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire. ARMS and FEP individuals had higher scores than controls on ASI-3 Cognitive Concerns [F(2,87)= 11.48, p

Science education for early childhood education has received considerable attention from many researchers. Even though the new Indonesian early childhood curriculum does not provide specific curriculum objectives for science lesson, the science has been integrated in the curriculum through ‘pendekatan saintifik’ (scientific approach). There are not many journal articles which covered this topic. Several journals mentioned the importance of this approach, some other journals tried to find best model for implementing the approach. However, very few journals discussed deeply about the implementation of that approach. Therefore, this research paper will discuss the findings of scientific approach in three early childhood schools. The descriptive qualitative approach was used in the research.. The results show that the time allocation, the number of objects provided, and teachers’ questions are three important factors which affect the quality of scientific approach implementation.

The purpose of this study was to find out how the parent's perception of early childhood education in RW 01 Dukuh Krajan, Salatiga. The design is descriptive quantitative with the subject of research that is parents who have children aged 3-5 years, amounting to 58 people. Data on parental perceptions are collected through a questionnaire and then will be classified according to the level of parental education, income level of parents, parents who have sent their children and parents who have not send their children to school in early childhood. The result of questionnaire of parents perception in level of education S1 and S2 in good category (50%), SMA / SMK is in Good category (36,11%) and SMP is in Enough category (50%). The calculation of the value of the questionnaire according to the parent's income level (a) in the category of Good (33.33%) and Less (33.33%), income (b) is in Good category (41.67%) and income ( c) is in the category of Very Good (57.14%). Then based on parents who have sent their children to school is in Good category (52,38%), perception of parents who have not yet send their child to PAUD is in Enough category (37,84%).

This paper presents an effective and semi-automated method for detecting 3D edges in 3D point clouds with the help of high-resolution digital images. The effort aims to contribute towards addressing the unsolved problem of automated production of vector drawings from 3D point clouds of cultural heritage objects. Edges are the simplest primitives to detect in an unorganized point cloud and an algorithm was developed to perform this task. The provided edges are defined and measured on 2D digital images of known orientation, and the algorithm determines the plane defined by the edge on the image and its perspective center. This is accomplished by applying suitable transformations to the image coordinates of the edge points based on the Analytical Geometry relationships and properties of planes in 3D space. This plane inevitably contains the 3D points of the edge in the point cloud. The algorithm then detects and isolates those points which define the edge in the world system. Finally, the goal is to reliably locate the points that describe the desired edge in their true position in the geodetic space, using several constraints. The algorithm is firstly investigated theoretically for its efficiency using simulation data and then assessed under real conditions and under different image orientations and lengths of the edge on the image. The results are presented and evaluated.

Background: Drug interactions represent a major issue in clinical settings, especially for critically ill patients such as those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who require cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) and receive a high number of different medications. Methods: A cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the exposure and clinical significance of drug–drug (DDIs) and drug–dietary supplement interactions (DDSIs) in patients admitted for CTS in the University Hospital of Crete Greece. DDIs were evaluated regarding underlying pharmacological mechanisms upon admission, preoperation, postoperation, and discharge from CTS clinic. Additionally, upon admission, the use of dietary supplements (DSs) and if patients had informed their treating physician that they were using these were recorded with subsequent analysis of potential DDSIs with prescribed medications. Results: The study employed 76 patients who were admitted for CTS and accepted to participate. Overall, 166 unique DDIs were identified, with 32% of them being related to pharmacokinetic (PK) processes and the rest (68%) were related to possible alterations of pharmacodynamic (PD) action. CVD medications and drugs for central nervous system disorders were the most frequently interacting medications. In total, 12% of the identified DDIs were of serious clinical significance. The frequency of PK-DDIs was higher during admission and discharge, whereas PD-DDIs were mainly recorded during pre- and postoperation periods. Regarding DS usage, 60% of patients were using DSs and perceived them as safe, and the majority had not informed their treating physician of this or sought out medical advice. Analysis of medical records showed 30 potential combinations with prescribed medications that could lead in DDSIs due to modulation of PK or PD processes, and grapefruit juice consumption was involved in 38% of them. Conclusions: An increased burden of DDIs and DDSIs was identified mostly upon admission for patients in CTS clinics in Greece. Healthcare providers, especially prescribing physicians in Greece, should always take into consideration the possibility of DDIs and the likely use of DS products by patients to promote their well-being; this should only be undertaken after receiving medical advice and an evidenced-based evaluation.

Background and Objectives: The diagnosis of psychosis is a challenge for the scientific community, both in terms of its definition and treatment. Some recent studies have investigated the relationship between personality and psychosis onset to prevent or intervene early. Materials and Methods: Sixty young adults were recruited during their first access in 2019 near the Community Mental Health Service of Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy. The assessment included the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) (clinician scales), the 16-item Version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) (self-report), and a clinical session. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. Results: The results show a negative correlation between the Detachment domain and the GAF scores. Correlational analysis also highlights that all PID-5 domains, except for Antagonism, have positive correlations with high scores in the PQ-16. The multivariate analysis of variance showed that patients diagnosed with versus without a psychotic disorder significantly differed on Detachment, Antagonism and Psychoticism PID-5 domains. Conclusions: The involvement of the personality construct in psychopathological development is displayed. In particular, higher levels of Detachment and Psychoticism can distinguish people who are more vulnerable to psychosis or who already have overt psychosis from those who do not have a psychotic predisposition. The study highlights the fundamental role of personality traits, emerging from PID-5, to distinguish young adults at risk of onset.

By-products of grape processing constitute the major disposal problem of winery industries. However, these by-products could be used as a source of the phenolic compounds that are responsible for the beneficial effects of wine. The aim of this work was to utilize these wastes, namely red grape pomace, by extracting high-added value natural products, the anthocyanins. The exact anthocyanin content of the extract was determined; 21 anthocyanins were identified using liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS), and its dominant anthocyanins [malvidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-(6″-acetylglucoside) and malvidin-3-(6-O-p-coumaroylglucoside)] were isolated and collected in three different fractions that contained the compounds of interest at relative concentrations above 80%. The antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity of the extract, the fractions, and standard compounds were evaluated while experiments were performed to compare these results with those of the wine variety (Syrah) from which the specific byproducts were produced. Both the by-products extract and condensed wine exhibited high antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, as well as anti-inflammatory activity against COX-1 and COX-2. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity results suggested a synergistic effect among phenolic compounds, while it was also estimated that 1 gram of by-products corresponds to 6.79 mM Trolox, a higher value compared to the 0.12 mM Trolox of 1 millilitre of wine.

Background: Focal congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) may be cured by resection of the focal, but often non-palpable, pancreatic lesion. The surgical challenge is to minimize removal of normal pancreatic tissue.Aim: To evaluate the results of intraoperative ultrasound-guided, tissue-sparing pancreatic resection in CHI patients at an international expert center.Methods: Retrospective study of CHI patients treated at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, between January 2010 and March 2017.Results: Of 62 consecutive patients with persistent CHI, 24 (39%) had focal CHI by histology after surgery. All patients had a paternal ABCC8 or KCNJ11 mutation and a focal lesion by 18F-DOPA-PET/CT. Intraoperative ultrasound localized the focal lesion in 16/20 patients (sensitivity 0.80), including one ectopic lesion in the duodenal wall. Intraoperative ultrasound showed no focal lesion in 11/11 patients with diffuse CH (specificity 1.0). The positive predictive value for focal histology was 1.0, negative predictive value 0.73.Tissue-sparing pancreatic resection (focal lesion enucleation, local resection of tail or uncinate process) was performed in 67% (n = 16). In 11/12 having tissue-sparing resection and intraoperative ultrasound, the location of the focal lesion was exactly identified. Eight patients had resection of the pancreatic head or head/body, four with Roux-en-Y, three with pancreatico-gastrostomy and one without reconstruction. None had severe complications to surgery. Cure of hypoglycaemia was seen in all patients after one (n = 21) or two (n = 3) pancreatic resections.Conclusion: In focal CHI, tissue-sparing pancreatic resection was possible in 67%. Intraoperative ultrasound was a helpful supplement to the mandatory use of genetics, preoperative 18F-DOPA-PET/CT and intraoperative frozen sections.

This paper describes the methodological process by which an analytical matrix for the study of political rank and file in democracy training policies was built, implemented by the Argentine State. The study covers the successive periods of Government 1994-2011, through which it seeks to identify and analyze what have been State policies formulated and implemented from the sanction of article 38 of the Constitution, which recognizes the political parties as central institutions of the democratic system. The Matrix allowed to collect and systematize the existing documentation and analyze and interpret the process of formulation and implementation of these policies. The study concludes that in the case of Argentina repeated successive confusion between the roles and needs of the State with those of Government, that has prevented the stabilisation of a model of education and political training as prescribed by the constitutional mandate.

Troponin (tr) elevation in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients is often difficult to be appropriately assessed by clinicians, causing even disagreements regarding its management between neurosurgeons and cardiologists. The purpose of this article was to review the literature regarding the clinical interpretation of tr elevation in SAH. We searched for articles in PubMed using the key words: “troponin elevation” and “subarachnoid hemorrhage”. All of them, as well as relative neurosurgical books, were used for this review. Some type of cardiovascular abnormality develops in most SAH patients. Neurogenic stunned myocardium is a frequent SAH complication, due to catecholamine surge which induces cardiac injury, as evidenced by increased serum tr levels, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and cardiac wall motion abnormalities. Tr elevation, usually modest, is an early and specific marker for cardiac involvement after SAH and its levels peak about two days after SAH. Cardiac tr elevation predictors include poor clinical grade, intraventricular hemorrhage, loss of consciousness at ictus, global cerebral edema, female sex, large body surface area, lower systolic blood pressure, higher heart rate and prolonged Q-Tc interval. Elevated tr levels are associated with disability and death (especially tr >1 μg/L), worse neurological grade, systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary congestion, longer intensive care unit stay and incidence of vasospasm. Tr elevation is a common finding in SAH patients and constitutes a rightful cause of worry about the patients' cardiac function and prognosis. It should be therefore early detected, carefully monitored and appropriately managed by clinicians.

Background/aimsCongenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a heterogeneous disease most frequently caused by KATP-channel (ABCC8 and KCNJ11) mutations, with neonatal or later onset, variable severity, and with focal or diffuse pancreatic involvement as the two major histological types. CHI confers a high risk of neurological impairment; however, sparsely studied in larger patient series. We assessed the neurodevelopmental outcome in children with CHI at follow-up in a mixed international cohort.MethodsIn two hyperinsulinism expert centers, 75 CHI patients were included (Russian, n = 33, referred non-Scandinavian, treated in Denmark n = 27, Scandinavian, n = 15). Hospital files were reviewed. At follow-up, neurodevelopmental impairment and neurodevelopmental, cognitive and motor function scores were assessed.ResultsMedian (range) age at follow-up was 3.7 years (3.3 months–18.2 years). Neurodevelopmental impairment was seen in 35 (47%). Impairment was associated with abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) 15.0 (3.0–74.3), p = 0.001; lowest recorded blood glucose ≤1 mmol/L; OR 3.8 (1.3–11.3), p = 0.015, being non-Scandinavian patient, OR 3.8 (1.2–11.9), p = 0.023; and treatment delay from first symptom to expert center >5 days; OR 4.0 (1.0–16.6), trend p = 0.05. In multivariate analysis (n = 31) for early predictors with exclusion of brain MRI, treatment delay from first symptom to expert center >5 days conferred a significantly increased risk of neurodevelopment impairment, adjusted OR (aOR) 15.6 (1.6–146.7), p = 0.016, while lowest blood glucose ≤1 mmol/L had a trend toward increased risk, aOR 3.5 (1.1–14.3), p = 0.058. No associations for early vs. late disease onset, KATP-channel mutations, disease severity, focal vs. diffuse disease, or age at follow-up were seen in uni- or multivariate analysis.ConclusionNot only very low blood glucose, but also insufficient treatment as expressed by delay until expert center hospitalization, increased the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. This novel finding calls for improvements in spread of knowledge about CHI among health-care personnel and rapid contact with an expert CHI center on suspicion of CHI.

Reseña de Chun Wei Choo (1999). La organización inteligente: el empleo de la información para dar significado, crear conocimiento y tomar decisiones (trad. Daniel Rey Díaz). México: Oxford University Press.

Bermain adalah filosofi dasar pembelajaran anak usia dini di Indonesia. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mememeriksa dan menganalisa secara teoritis rancangan pembelajaran yang dapat mendukung implementasi prinsip bermain level tinggi atau high level of play dalam kurikulum Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) tersebut. Setiap pembelajaran AUD hendaknya dapat mengintegrasikan high level of play ke dalamnya karena studi dan penelitian yang ada menyatakan bahwa hal tersebut dapat mengembangkan semua aspek perkembangan anak secara optimal. Penelitian ini melibatkan sepuluh kelompok partisipan dan masing-masing kelompok merancang sebuah rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran harian (RPPH). Dokumen RPPH disusun mengacu pada kurikulum 2013 PAUD dan kesepuluh kelompok mengembangkan sistem pembelajaran berbasis sentra. Dokumen RPPH yang mereka rancang kemudian mereka presentasikan dalam bentuk simulasi penataan lingkungan belajar. Dokumen RPPH, diskusi dan wawancara partisipan, serta observasi hasil penataan lingkungan belajar menjadi sumber data utama penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa setidaknya ada tiga faktor penting yang berperan dalam perencanaan pembelajaran yang dapat menginisiasi high level of play. Ketiga faktor tersebut adalah material, penataan material, dan guru. Selanjutnya, salah satu keterbatasan penelitian ini adalah bahwa rancangan RPPH yang disusun tidak dilanjutkan hingga tahap implementasi di kelas AUD. Penelian selanjutnya disarankan untuk melihat analisa teoritis hasil wawancara dan diskusi apakah benar perencanaan pembelajaran yang dihasilkan mampu menginisiasi high level of play pada pembelajaran anak usia dini.

Existen diversas formas de abordar el estudio del origen y desarrollo de la ciencia política y diversos enfoques desde los cuales reconstruir dicho proceso, de forma que nos permitan ir más allá de una simple cronología histórica. En el caso de Argentina, dicho proceso comienza relacionándose, a principios del siglo XX, con la articulación de una disciplina orientada a formar dirigentes políticos y administrativos para la función pública. Posteriormente, junto al desarrollo y creciente autonomización disciplinar, la ciencia política empezó a diferenciarse de las relaciones internacionales y otras ciencias sociales. El retorno a la democracia en 1983 fue el escenario propicio para que, junto a la revalorización de las ciencias sociales en general, se organizaran nuevas carreras y especialidades en la práctica de la ciencia política, principalmente a nivel de posgrado. Al mismo tiempo, se produjo en este período la configuración de una nueva cultura política democratizante. Esta replantea las relaciones entre el intelectual y la política.

Edible films can be used as carriers for antimicrobial compounds to assure food safety and quality; in addition, pathogenesis of food bacteria is related to a cell to cell communication mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). Oregano essential oil (OEO) has proved to be useful as food antimicrobial; however, its food applications can be compromised by the volatile character of its active constituents. Therefore, formulation of edible films containing OEO can be an alternative to improve its food usages. QS inhibitory activity of OEO and pectin-OEO films was evaluated using Chromobacterium violaceum as bacterial model. Additionally, antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Choleraesuis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. OEO was effective to inhibit bacterial growth at MIC of 0.24 mg/mL for all tested bacteria and MBC of 0.24, 0.24, 0.48, and 0.24 mg/mL against E. coli O157:H7, S. Choleraesuis, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Pectin-films incorporated with 36.1 and 25.9 mg/mL of OEO showed inhibition diameters of 16.3 and 15.2 mm for E. coli O157:H7; 18.1 and 24.2 mm for S. Choleraesuis; 20.8 and 20.3 mm for S. aureus; 21.3 and 19.3 mm for L. monocytogenes, respectively. Pectin-OEO film (15.7 mg/mL) was effective against E. coli O157:H7 (9.3 mm), S. aureus (9.7 mm), and L. monocytogenes (9.2 mm), but not for S. Choleraesuis. All concentrations of OEO (0.0156, 0.0312, 0.0625 and 0.125 mg/mL) and pectin-OEO films (15.7, 25.9 and 36.1 mg/mL) showed a significant anti-QS activity expressed as inhibition of violacein production by C. violaceum. Additionally, the application of pectin-OEO films was effective reducing total coliforms, yeast, and molds of shrimp and cucumber slices stored at 4 °C during 15 d. These results demonstrated the potential of pectin films enriched with OEO as food related microorganisms and QS inhibitors.

En el contexto de Argentina y América Latina, la formación y capacitación de altos funcionarios estatales y cuadros políticos necesarios para legitimar y llevar adelante un proyecto político constituye una cuestión permanente en la agenda, que ha intentado históricamente implementarse como una "política de Estado orientada a la gestión del sector público y liderada por el Estado" (Escuela Nacional de Gobierno, 1998), lo cual demuestra su trascendencia como una cuestión socialmente problematizada que a lo largo del tiempo ha tratado de ser resuelta por el Estado junto a otros actores de la sociedad civil. En este sentido, constituye una demanda recurrente de los líderes que atraviesan continuos procesos de cambio y tienen la necesidad de incorporar conocimientos específicos que cualifiquen su vinculación con la ciudadanía, alentando la calidad democrática de las prácticas políticas. En definitiva, se trata de una cuestión que emerge de manera recurrente como un elemento indispensable para salir de las crisis por las que atraviesa el Estado argentino y, por lo tanto, es un componente central de sus reformas.In the context of Argentina and Latin America, the training of state officials and political cadres necessary to legitimize and carry out a political project is a permanent issue on the agenda, which has historically attempted to be implemented as a "state policy-oriented public sector management and led by the State" (National School of Government, 1998), demonstrating its importance as a social issue that problematized over time has tried to be resolved by the State along with other civil society actors. In this sense, is a recurring demand from the leaders who go through continuous processes of change and have the need to incorporate specific knowledge that qualify their relationship with the citizens, encouraging democratic quality of political practices. In short, this is an issue that recurrently emerge as an indispensable element to come out of the crisis being experienced by the argentine State and, therefore, is a central component of its reform.

La etiología es desconocida aún cuando algunos casos se presentan después de amigdalitis crónicas, y otros coinciden con la ingestión de drogas. Hay vasculitis de tipo alérgico que afecta algunos vasos del tejido celular subcutáneo y con necrosis secundaria de las células grasas. Éste cuadro acompaña a veces al lupus eritematoso sistémico Y en determinados casos esconde una enfermedad pancreática