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The scientific study of Neolithic monuments holds fundamental keys to the analysis of early social complexity. This is often impeded by the challenges involved in understanding their temporality and, particularly, their initial construction dates. This problem is most severe in monuments that were not predominantly used for burial and went on to have long biographies in which activity in later periods obliterated the material record of the earliest phases. That was certainly the case of the Menga dolmen, part of the Antequera World Heritage site (Málaga, Spain), and one of the most remarkable megaliths in Europe, for which, after nearly 200 years of explorations and research, no firm chronology existed. The research presented in this paper shows how this problem was tackled through a multimethod, scientific, and geoarchaeological approach. The analysis of 29 fresh numerical ages, including radiocarbon determinations as well as optically stimulated luminescence, thermoluminescence, and uranium-thorium dates, led to the successful establishment of Menga's construction date and the subsequent contextualization of the monument within the social and cultural background it arose in. Placing the dolmen in the context of its time of “birth” introduces entirely new possibilities for its interpretation, both in terms of local and supralocal social and cultural processes.

Background: Psychosis is characterized by distortions of thinking and perception, as well as inappropriate emotions. In forensic settings, psychiatric mental health nurses are responsible for preventing violent behaviors through psychotherapeutic interventions. Objective: To characterize participants’ clinical situation based on the following variables: social performance, socially useful activities, personal and social relationships, disturbing and aggressive behavior, assertiveness, and early signs of aggression; and To assess the effectiveness of an intervention program for training social skills and reducing predictors of violence. Methodology: Pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 15 patients admitted to forensic psychiatric wards. Results: The intervention proved effective, with statistically significant changes in personal relationships, disturbing and aggressive behaviors, and early signs of aggression. Conclusion: Training social skills and self-control improved participants’ clinical indicators and psychosocial rehabilitation and contributed to better (re)integrating them into their families and communities., Marco contextual: La psicosis se caracteriza por distorsiones del pensamiento, de la percepción y de las emociones inapropiadas. En el contexto forense, es responsabilidad del enfermero especialista en salud mental y psiquiátrica prevenir las conductas violentas mediante intervenciones psicoterapéuticas. Objetivo: Caracterizar la situación clínica de los participantes en cuanto a las siguientes variables: funcionamiento social, actividades socialmente útiles, relaciones personales y sociales, comportamento disruptivo y agresivo, asertividad y signos tempranos de agresión. Evaluar la eficacia de un programa de intervención para entrenar las competencias sociales y reducir los predictores de violencia. Metodología: Estudio preexperimental, con diseño antes y después de la prueba con un único grupo, cuya muestra estaba compuesta por 15 pacientes ingresados en los servicios de psiquiatría forense. Resultados: El programa demostró ser eficaz y se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en las relaciones personales, el comportamiento disruptivo y agresivo, y los primeros signos de agresión. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de las competencias sociales y del autocontrol se tradujo en la mejora de los indicadores clínicos y en la rehabilitación psicosocial de los participantes, lo que contribuyó a una mejor (re)integración en la familia y la comunidad., Enquadramento: As psicoses são caraterizadas por distorções do pensamento, da perceção e emoções inadequadas. Em contexto forense, cabe ao enfermeiro especialista em saúde mental e psiquiátrica prevenir comportamentos violentos através de intervenções psicoterapêuticas. Objetivo: Caraterizar a situação clínica dos participantes relativamente às variáveis: funcionamento social, atividades socialmente úteis, relações pessoais e sociais, comportamento perturbador e agressivo, assertividade e sinais precoces de agressão; avaliar a eficácia de um programa de intervenção para treino de competências sociais e diminuição de preditores de violência. Metodologia: Estudo pré-experimental, com delineamento de pré e pós-teste com grupo único, cuja amostra foram 15 doentes internados em serviços de psiquiatria forense. Resultados: O programa demonstrou-se eficaz, observando-se mudanças estatisticamente significativa a nível das relações pessoais, dos comportamentos perturbadores e agressivos e dos sinais precoces de agressão. Conclusão: O treino de habilidades sociais e de autocontrolo traduziu-se na melhoria dos indicadores clínicos e na reabilitação psicossocial dos participantes, contribuindo para uma melhor (re)integração na família e na comunidade.

The Mediterranean basin constitutes one of the best areas to analyse Neanderthal populations and lifestyles in South-Western Europe. In this context, new excavations conducted in the Middle Palaeolithic site of Cova del Puntal del Gat expand the information available regarding this rich region. In this study, new results are reported, including detailed studies on stratigraphy, lithic technology, anthracology, carpology, and zooarchaeology and taphonomy of macro and micromammals, with the final objective of characterizing the Neanderthals’ subsistence strategies and occupational patterns. These results are framed within a broader regional study perspective that includes MIS 5 and 4 sites. Chronostratigraphic review has enabled us to reorganize many sites that were originally included in MIS 3, towards older stages belonging to the end of MIS 4 and throughout MIS 5. Le bassin méditerranéen constitue l’une des meilleures zones pour analyser les populations et les modes de vie néandertaliens dans le sud-ouest de l’Europe. Dans ce contexte, les nouvelles fouilles menées dans le site paléolithique moyen du Cova del Puntal del Gat élargissent les informations disponibles pour cette riche région. Nous rapportons ici les nouveaux résultats, y compris des études détaillées sur la stratigraphie, la technologie lithique, l’anthracologie, la carpologie, ainsi que la taphonomie et la zooarchéologie de macro- et micro-restes de mammifères, dans le but de caractériser les stratégies de subsistance des Néandertaliens et leurs modes d’occupation. Ces résultats s’inscrivent dans une perspective d’étude régionale plus large qui inclut des sites MIS 5 et 4. La révision chronostratigraphique nous a permis de réorganiser de nombreux sites qui étaient initialement inclus dans le MIS 3, vers des stades plus anciens appartenant à la fin du MIS 4 et tout au long du MIS 5. The research programme has been funded by Servei d’Investigació Prehistòrica and Museu de Prehistòria ordinary archaeological excavation campaigns and the projects Caracterización tecnológica y funcional de los elementos líticos apuntados durante el Paleolítico medio en la región central del mediterráneo ibérico (GV/2021/054) and PID2021-122308NA-I00 project funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa. C2TN authors gratefully acknowledge the FCT (Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation) support through the UID/Multi/04349/2020 and Ana Luísa Rodrigues research work supported by postdoctoral grant SFRH/BPD/114986/2016.

The Doñana National Park is a Biosphere Reserve located within the estuary of the Guadalquivir River (SW Spain). It is mainly composed of extensive fluvio-tidal marshes partially protected by an elongated sandy spit. Three phases have been distinguished in the late Holocene evolution of this spit based on textural, geochemical, palaeontological and, chronological data recorded in a long core (31 m). Phase 1 (890 BCE-218 BCE) is characterized by the alternation of lagoonal silty sediments and slightly polluted marsh deposits, the latter with contamination from thousand-year-old mining. Phase 2 (218 BCE-90 CE) is characterized by several historical tsunamis, which caused the erosion of previous dune systems and the deposit of these sandy sediments on the adjacent bottom of the lagoon. Phase 3 (90 CE-Present) includes a regressive sequence (lagoonal bottom-marsh-dune system), with the pollution of lagoonal sediments due to Roman mining activities.

The Tinto and Odiel rivers (SW Spain) drain from a vast sulfide mining district and join at a 20-km-long estuary that enters the Atlantic Ocean. In this work, the contents of rare earth elements (REE) and fractionation in Neogene–Holocene sediment cores from La Fontanilla cove (Tinto estuary) were studied. The sediments were collected from a depth of 18 m at different distances from the recent river flow and were analyzed for new information on the temporal development of the REE load in the sediment column. Results show that the å REE is higher in the finer sediments and during periods of mining activity from prehistoric to recent times. Marine influence appears to increase the light REE (LREE) relative to the heavy REE (HREE). The REE patterns of these estuarine sediments show convex curvatures in the MREE relative to the LREE and HREE, indicating the presence of acid-mixing processes between the fluvial waters affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) and seawater, as well as the precipitation of poorly crystalline mineral phases. Significant positive Eu anomalies were found in ebb-tide channels and marsh deposits, which can reflect the mineralogical composition and/or a strong localized salinity gradient combined with organic matter degradation. Sedimentological characteristics of the deposits appear to play the main role in accumulation and fractionation of the REE, Funds came from the Andalusian Government (groups RNM-238 and RNM-293), the town hall of Palos de la Frontera, and the FEDER 2014–2020 project UHU-1260298, which is a contribution to the Research Center in Historical, Cultural, and Natural Heritage (CIPHCN) of the University of Huelva. The C2TN/IST authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the FCT (the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation) through the UIDB/04349/2020 project and the post-doctoral grant SFRH/BPD/114986/2016

Background: Autism spectrum disorder implies adjustments in the daily care of the child. In this scenario, animal-assisted interventions seem to act as a facilitator in maintaining the quality of life of these individuals. Objective: To develop an animal-assisted intervention program for children with autism spectrum disorder (AAIPC-ASD). Methodology: Methodological study for the construction of a program of animal-assisted interventions, applicable to children with autism spectrum disorder, based on the model of complex interventions of the Medical Research Council that consists of four stages: identifying the evidence base, identifying/developing theory, modeling process, and assessing effectiveness. Results: The AAIPC-ASD development process has resulted in the construction of Version 1 of the program, consisting of the following items: program planning, session planning, implementation, field notes, and final evaluation. Conclusion: The structure of Version 1 of the AAIPC-ASD is aligned with the characteristics of its target group, based on primary field research data and updated bibliographic data. Its effectiveness and validation will be assessed in later stages., Marco contextual: El trastorno del espectro autista implica ajustes en el cuidado diario del niño. En este escenario, las intervenciones asistidas con animales parecen actuar como un facilitador para mantener la calidad de vida de estas personas. Objetivo: Desarrollar un programa modelo de intervenciones asistidas con animales aplicable a niños con trastorno del espectro autista (PIAAC-TEA). Metodología: Estudio metodológico para construir un programa de intervenciones asistidas con animales, aplicable a niños con trastorno del espectro autista, basado en el modelo de intervenciones complejas del Consejo de Investigación Médica, que consta de cuatro fases: identificación de la evidencia, identificación y desarrollo de la teoría, proceso de modelización, evaluación de la eficacia. Resultados: El proceso de desarrollo del PIAAC-TEA ha dado lugar hasta ahora a la construcción de la versión 1 del programa, que consta de los siguientes elementos: planificación del programa, planificación de la sesión, implementación, notas de campo y evaluación final. Conclusión: La versión 1 del PIACC-TEA presenta un formato alineado con las características de su público objetivo, basadas en los datos primarios de la investigación de campo y en la bibliografía actualizada. Su eficacia y validación se evaluarán en fases posteriores., Enquadramento: O transtorno do espectro autista implica adequações no quotidiano de cuidado da criança. Neste cenário, as intervenções assistidas por animais parecem atuar como facilitador na manutenção da qualidade de vida destes indivíduos. Objetivo: Desenvolver um modelo de programa de intervenções assistidas por animais aplicável às crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (PIAAC-TEA). Metodologia: Estudo metodológico para a construção de um programa de intervenções assistidas por animais, aplicável às crianças com transtorno do espectro autista, baseado no modelo de intervenções complexas do Medical Research Council que consiste em quatro etapas: identificação da evidência, identificação e desenvolvimento da teoria, processo de modelagem, avaliação da eficácia. Resultados: O processo de desenvolvimento do PIAAC-TEA resultou, até ao momento, na construção da versão 1 do programa que consta dos seguintes itens: planeamento do programa, planeamento da sessão, implementação, notas de campo e avaliação final. Conclusão: A versão 1 do PIACC-TEA apresenta formatação alinhada às características do seu público-alvo, ancoradas em dados primários de investigação em campo e bibliográfica atualizada. A sua eficácia e validação será avaliada em etapas posteriores.

Portuguese museums and private collectors gather a variety of Italian glazed terracotta sculptures attributed to the della Robbia workshop, particularly active between the 15th and 16th centuries. Compositional studies of the paste using INAA, PGAA and XRD and enamel using PIXE, and luminescence protocols, were used as a tool to ascertain the attribution of the sculptures to della Robbia workshop. Geochemical and mineralogical patterns were defined enabling to express the production recipe. The luminescence ages were found to be between 1380 and 1640 in some cases with high uncertainties. The compositions of the blue glazes were proved to be similar to other measured on della Robbia sculptures from French and Italian collections based on cobalt pigments. Arsenic behaviour, which is associated to cobalt in most cobalt-minerals, is rather peculiar, as it was already found in other della Robbia sculptures enabling a chronological framework, pointing to a production after 1520. Based on the results, most of the analysed sculptures implies a della Robbia production, and only a few point to a composition and chronology not related with that workshop. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia support through the UID/Multi/04349/2013 and PTDC/HIS/HEC/116742/2010 projects; H2020 CHARISMA funded (Grant Agreement no. 228330) project at Budapest Neutron Center; FB, MNAA, MNAz, FCG, MJ for sampling and field measurements. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The southwestern Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula presents an important Roman heritage that includes numerous fish-salting workshops, with an industrial activity that went on for almost a millennium (1st century BC-7th century AD). Nevertheless, a future broad research is still necessary to determine the geologic substratum on which they are based, their palaeoenvironmental evolution, their main economic objectives and the byproducts derived from their activities. This paper is focused on the geology, dating and the archaeological record of La Cascajera, a new site located in the Tinto-Odiel estuary (SW Spain). This new cetaria occupied the northwestern end of La Cascajera ridge (Saltés Island), constituted by sandy, bioclastic deposits of previous washover fans (1st-2th centuries AD). During the main period of activity (middle of 4th century AD-5th century AD), the existence of a certain typology of amphorae as well as the documentation of a shell deposit formed mostly by Glycymeris suggest that this factory was oriented to the production of mixed fish sauces and the handling of edible bivalves. The main features of this deposit (texture, paleontology, taphonomy) could be used to differentiate middens from natural shelly ridges, La costa suratlántica de la Península Ibérica posee un importante legado romano que incluye numerosos talleres halieúticos, con una actividad que se desarrolló durante casi un milenio (siglo I a.C.-siglo VII d.C.). Sin embargo, se precisan nuevas investigaciones que determinen el contexto geológico en el que se desarrollaron, su evolución paleoambiental, sus principales objetivos económicos y los subproductos derivados de sus actividades. Este trabajo se centra en la geología, datación y registro arqueológico de La Cascajera, un nuevo yacimiento localizado en el estuario de los ríos Tinto y Odiel (S.O. de España). Esta nueva cetaria ocupaba el extremo noroccidental de la cresta de La Cascajera (Isla de Saltés), constituida por depósitos bioclásticos arenosos de abanicos de derrame previos (siglos I-II d.C.). Durante su principal periodo de actividad (mitad del siglo IV d.C.-siglo V d.C.), la existencia de una cierta tipología de ánforas así como la existencia de un conchero formado principalmente por Glycymeris sugieren que esta factoría estaba dedicada a la producción de salsas mixtas de pescado y la extracción de bivalvos comestibles. Las principales características de este conchero (textura, paleontología, tafonomía) podrían ser usadas para diferenciar concheros de acumulaciones naturales de conchas, This work has been carried out through the project ́From the Atlantic to the Tyrrhenian. The hispanic ports and their commercial relations with Ostia Antica. DEATLANTIR II - HAR2017-89154-P - (Plan Nacional de I+D+i). Other funds have come from Andalusian Gouvernement (groups HUM-132, RNM-238 and RNM-293). It is a contribution to the Research Center in Historical, Cultural and Natural Heritage (CIPHCN) of the University of HuelvaThis work has been carried out through the project ´From the Atlantic to the Tyrrhenian. The hispanic ports and their commercial relations with Ostia Antica. DEATLANTIR II - HAR2017-89154-P - (Plan Nacional de I+D+i). Other funds have come from Andalusian Gouvernement (groups HUM-132, RNM-238 and RNM-293). It is a contribution to the Research Center in Historical, Cultural and Natural Heritage (CIPHCN) of the University of Huelva

A multidisciplinar analysis of sediments collected in diferent environments of the Doñana National Park (Guadalquivir estuary, SW Spain) provides an overview of the textural, mineralogical and physico-chemical parameters that control the distribution of benthic foraminiferal tests in this Biosphere Reserve. These microorganisms are absent in the fne quartzitic sands that constitute the substrate of temporary ponds with brief hydroperiods located in the dune systems and spits, as well as in other ponds with low conductivities or hypersaline conditions located in the inner marshlands or near the Guadalquivir river banks. Dead benthic foraminifera are mainly found on phyllosilicate-rich, silty-clayey substrates. The taphonomic analysis of the main species (Ammonia tepida, Haynesina germanica, Trochammina infata, Entzia macrescens) points to its deposit in situ. Cluster analysis permits to delimitate six foraminiferal assemblages. Cluster II (A. tepida+H. germanica) is the dominant assemblage in the central ponds and the margins of the main channels, while cluster IV (T. infata+E. macrescens) is restricted to some ponds located on the high marsh and cluster VI (Ammonia beccarii+Quinqueloculina spp.) is abundant on external beaches. Tidal fuxes cause the transport of these last marine benthic species and some plaktonic forms both to the inner areas of the estuary and to these beaches. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Com o envelhecimento da população e o aumento das respostas sociais, cada vez mais tem crescido a preocupação com a formação dos auxiliares formais, com o intuito de melhoria contínua da qualidade dos serviços que prestam aos idosos. O presente estudo pretende avaliar o impacto de um programa de apoio educativo a cuidadores formais de pessoas idosas com demência, em contexto institucional. Trata-se de um estudo com desenho quase-experimental, no qual participaram 97 auxiliares de ação direta, que foram posteriormente selecionados aleatoriamente para um programa de apoio educativo sobre demência, tendo -se constituído dois grupos: um grupo de controlo e um grupo experimental. Os principais resultados mostraram, de forma relativamente fiável, o impacto do programa de apoio educativo implementado aos cuidadores formais de pessoas idosas com demência. With the aging of the population and the increase of social services tackling their needs, it has been increasing the concern about the qualifications of formal caregivers, with the aim of continuous improvement of the quality of the services they provide to the elderly. The goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of an educational support program on formal caregivers of elderly people with dementia in an institutional context. It follows a quasi-experimental design where the 97 formal caregivers that have participated in the study came from two different institutions. They were randomly selected to participate in an educational support program on dementia, with two groups formed: a control group and an experimental group. Pre and post training tests were used to evaluate knowledge and perceptions about dementia in old age. Findings suggest that the impact of the educational support program has improved knowledge and perceptions about dementia in old age among formal caregivers.

Old mine tailings from Northern and Central Portugal were studied in order to perform a radiological and chemical characterization. The evaluation of massic activity of natural radionuclides and concentrations in tailings of polymetallic and Ra/U mines was performed by gamma spectrometry and neutron activation analysis. Iron speciation was carried out by Mossbauer spectroscopy. In polymetallic tailings with physical ore processing (Cumieira and Verdes - exploited for Sn, Nb-Ta) higher contents of Th, 228Ra and 226Ra in the coarser materials occur, probably due to their presence in host rock and ore fragments. In finer tailings, washing may explain the lower 226Ra and 210Pb massic activity. In tailings with physical/chemical ore processing (Covas - exploited for W and Sn) high U contents and a tendency for higher 226Ra and 210Pb massic activity in the fine materials is observed, probably due to their incorporation in nano-sized particles of iron oxides. A high variation of the 210Pb/226Ra ratio occurs in polymetallic tailings; a deficit of 210Pb can be observed particularly in deposits of settling tanks drained from dumps of chemically treated ore. In Ervideira-Mestras tailings (Ra/U exploitation) where no ore process in situ was performed, a near equilibrium between 210Pb and 226Ra occurs. Dose risk assessment was carried out by calculating external outdoor Annual Effective Dose Rate; the dose rates in air due to terrestrial gamma radiation are low for the polymetallic tailings (

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The elemental content&mdash, mainly trace elements&mdash, of samples from two boreholes (PLN, CM) with evidence of tsunamiites, located in the Do&ntilde, ana National Park (SW Spain), were studied. The geochemical variations of the REE, LILE, HFSE, and other elements (Al, Ti, S, Na, Br, Sc, Co, Cr) were interpreted according to the mineralogy present in the samples. The results obtained show the geochemical complexity of the estuarine paleoenvironments, in this case with the existence of three Holocene-age tsunamigenic deposits (around 4.25, 3.56 and 2.2&ndash, 2 kyr BP). The statistical analysis of the samples&rsquo, geochemistry, by means of linear correlation and factor analysis, made it possible to differentiate two associations. The first is representative of an inherited mineralogy (REE-Y-Rb-Sr-Cs-Th-U-Hf-Al-Ti-Co-Cr-Sc), the second includes elements (Br-Na) linked to mineral formation under evaporite conditions (halite). The trace element geochemistry of sediments thus becomes an excellent tool to identify tsunamiites in the studied zone, especially those elements that are clear proxies for marine incursions (Na, Br, Sr) and high energy events (Hf, Ti). The parent area of the provenance of the materials is mainly of felsic composition.

An interdisciplinary approach comprising archaeological, chemical, mineralogical, and luminescence data was applied to a better understanding of the fill dynamic and chronologies of a calcite-rich negative archaeological feature from Southern Portugal. This work aims to contribute to the assessment of the human involvement in the backfilling actions of a negative archaeological feature from a Chalcolithic site, thus better defining the moments of its destruction and/or abandonment. There are well-known limitations of luminescence dating of calcite-rich materials, particularly in the dose rate determination. In this work, a proposal of two innovative protocols to determine the dose rate of calcite-rich contexts is discussed. A clear improvement of the dose rate estimation was obtained by using the "radionuclide weighed" protocol. The comprehensive used methodologies enabled to define the infill phases and the sources of the infill materials. The luminescence profiling studies were also useful to describe the infill processes, highlighting their discontinuity and pointing to different deposition rates. The luminescence ages obtained, when using the "radionuclide weighed" protocol proposed in this work, are closer to the archaeological evidence of a Chalcolithic occupation. FCT (Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [UID/Multi/04349/2013, BL 36/2016_IST-ID, UID/GEO/04035/2013, PTDC-CS/ANT/104333/2008] FCTPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BD/62396/2009, SFRH/BPD/114986/2016] info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Topsoils of pyroclastic materials collected on two volcanic conduits of the Cha das Caldeiras caldera of the oceanic Fogo Island (Cape Verde) were studied. Significant positive Eu anomalies were found in both pre-historic and historic cones, which together with the presence of jarosite, may be considered hydrothermal signatures that survived in this surficial semi-arid environment.

A lacustrine carbonate facies has been investigated in Middle Miocene successions of the western side of the Moura-Marmelar basin, Southern Portugal in order to evaluate paleoenvironments in which carbonates formed, by using geochemistry and mineralogy. The studied formation corresponds to a recent unearthed section of a calcrete with an homogeneous carbonate facies comprising fine, whitish, and powdery material, and the only detected difference is a slightly hardness decrease towards the top, as well as an increase of weathered rock fragments (schist). The calcrete is calcium rich, even some magnesium enrichment was observed at the middle level, which is differentiated by a general depletion of all chemical elements, particularly REE, in both the bulk and clay-size fraction. Regarding the mineralogy, calcite prevails, and dolomite is only present in the middle level of the calcrete, together with a smectite enrichment, suggesting changes to more alkaline and low drainage, lacustrine and arid to semi-arid conditions.

No presente artigo parte-se do reconhecimento do abuso de idosos como um fenómeno complexo e multidimensional. Dá-se conta da diversidade de molduras teóricas e de evidência empírica que tem marcado a análise deste fenómeno em Portugal, diversidade que se acredita explica algumas das inconsistências que continuam a marcar as tentativas de avaliação da extensão do mesmo. O artigo baseia-se numa revisão sistemática da literatura quer ao nível teórico, quer ao nível dos estudos empíricos realizados em Portugal.This article starts by recognizing elder abuse as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. It showcases the diversity of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence that have marked the analysis of this phenomenon in Portugal, a diversity which is believed to explain some of the inconsistencies that continue be present on the attempts of evaluating its’ extent. The article is based on a systematic review of the literature both at a theoretical level, as well as at the level of the empirical studies carried out in Portugal.

El análisis multidisciplinar de un perfil descubierto por las tormentas invernales en el litoral del Parque Nacional de Doñana ha permitido reconstruir la evolución de su sector occidental durante el Holoceno superior. Se han definido 3 fases que reflejan el paso desde una marisma de aguas salobres (FA-1) a una laguna de aguas dulces transformada en turbera (FA-2), para finalizar con el depósito de cordones dunares (FA-3)., The multidisciplinary analysis of a profile discovered by the winter storms on the coast of the Doñana National Park has allowed us to reconstruct the evolution of its western sector during the Late Holocene. Three phases have been defined, which reflect the transition from a brackish water marsh (FA-1) to a freshwater lagoon transformed into peat bog (FA-2), to end with the deposit of dune systems (FA-3).

Enquadramento: A promoção da saúde mental constitui um fenómeno importante para as ciências da enfermagem, o que requer um olhar à luz das teorias de enfermagem, já que as evidências, apesar de indicarem eficácia das intervenções nesse domínio, pouco se fundamentam nas teorias de enfermagem. Objetivo: Explorar diferentes contributos teóricos de enfermagem, tendo como referência o fenómeno da promoção da saúde mental. Principais tópicos em análise: Promoção da saúde mental, a perspetiva filosófica do pós-modernismo, a teoria das relações interpessoais, a teoria modelo de promoção da saúde, a teoria das transições e a teoria modelo de adaptação e os seus contributos na promoção da saúde mental. Conclusão: Salientam-se alguns contributos teóricos para a promoção da saúde mental, como a importância de se construírem relações interpessoais com o sujeito a ser cuidado, conforme Peplau; identificar o sujeito como um ser biopsicossocial, como proposto por Pender; que passa por transições, conforme Meleis; e que, para tanto, precisa de apoio para se adaptar e adotar comportamentos mais saudáveis, de acordo com Roy. Background: Mental health promotion is an important phenomenon for nursing sciences, which requires a perspective from nursing theories. Although the evidence points to the effectiveness of the interventions in this domain, it is little based on nursing theories. Objective: To explore different theoretical contributions of nursing, taking as reference the phenomenon of mental health promotion. Main topics under analysis: Mental health promotion, the philosophical perspective of post-modernism, the theory of interpersonal relations, the health promotion model, the transitions theory, and the adaptation model and their contributions to mental health promotion. Conclusion: Some theoretical contributions to mental health promotion should be highlighted, such as the importance of building interpersonal relations with the patients (Peplau) and identifying the person as a biopsychosocial being (Pender) who undergoes transitions (Meleis) and requires support to adjust and adopt healthier behaviors (Roy). Marco contextual: La promoción de la salud mental constituye un fenómeno importante para las ciencias de la enfermería. Esto requiere una mirada a las teorías de la enfermería, ya que las pruebas, a pesar de indicar la eficacia de las intervenciones en ese ámbito, se fundamentan poco en las teorías de la enfermería. Objetivo: Explorar diferentes contribuciones teóricas de la enfermería, tomando como referencia el fenómeno de la promoción de la salud mental. Principales temas en análisis: Promoción de la salud mental, la perspectiva filosófica del posmodernismo, la teoría de las relaciones interpersonales, la teoría modelo de promoción de la salud, la teoría de las transiciones y la teoría modelo de adaptación y sus contribuciones en la promoción de la salud mental. Conclusión: Se subrayan algunas contribuciones teóricas para la promoción de la salud mental, como la importancia de construir relaciones interpersonales con el sujeto que debe ser cuidado, de acuerdo con Peplau; identificar al sujeto como un ser biopsicosocial, como propone Pender; que pasa por transiciones, según Meleis; y que, para ello, necesita apoyo para adaptarse y adoptar comportamientos más saludables, de acuerdo con Roy.

AMS radiocarbon and OSL dating, and profiling were used to directly delimit periods of variscite production at Pico Centeno Mine 2. These results were integrated with analysis of other well-dated periods of variscite production to establish an Iberian-wide chronological framework. Variscite production at Pico Centeno Mine 2 began at ~ 5200 BC, coincident with alpine jade production or Casa Montero Iberian flint production. Variscite was only used occasionally, together with other greenstones, during the 5th and 6th millennia BC. During the 4th millennium BC, variscite use began to increase to its apogee in the first half of 3rd millennium BC when it appeared in nearly every Iberian burial site. This increase in variscite production and use coincided with decline in the popularity of alpine jade. By the end of the 3rd millennium BC, new resources began to be valued such as Asian and African Ivory, Baltic and Sicilian amber, and copper-based metal products. The variscite cycle thus started with the decline of jade in the 5th–4th millennium BC, and ended with the appearance of copper, ivory and extra-peninsular amber by the end of the 3rd millennium BC.

© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York. The “Great View of Lisbon” is one of the most remarkable blue-and-white Portuguese tile panels, which depicts the city before the tragic earthquake of 1755. This panel presents visible colored alteration in the glaze of tiles both from the exhibition and the depository of the Museu Nacional do Azulejo (Portugal). This work is a contribution to identify the origin of green stains in the glaze by using microbiological techniques, scanning electron microscopy with back-scattered electron imaging (SEM-BSE), Raman spectroscopy, and proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The microbiological assays showed that the filamentous fungi were detected only at a frequency, JW and CA are thankful for the support by Grant CGL2010-16004 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.

The spatial distribution and geoaccumulation indices of four heavy metals were investigated in very shallow marine sediments of southwestern Spain. Surface sediments were collected from 43 sites with water depth ranging from 3 to 20 m. High to very high pollution levels (I geo > 4 for zinc, lead and copper) were detected near the end of the Huelva bank, whereas chromium shows a more hazardous distribution in the southwestern Spanish littoral. Low to moderate heavy metal contents (mainly zinc and lead) were also observed in other two areas at different water depths (Isla Cristina-Piedras River: 10–18 m water depth; Mazagon–Matalascanas

In the last few decades, the rapid technological evolution has led to a growing generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Not rarely, it has been exported from industrialized to developing countries, where it represents a secondary source of valuable materials such as gold, copper, and silver. The recycling of WEEE is often carried out without any environmental and health protection. This paper reviews recent literature dealing with the informal treatment of WEEE in developing regions, gathering and analyzing data on concentration of both inorganic and organic pollutants in the environment. Open burning practices are revealed as most polluting ‘technology’, followed by mechanical treatment and leaching. Significant levels of pollutants have been detected in human bodies, both children and adults, working in or living in areas with informal WEEE treatment.

Artistic and historical examination of high-quality glazed terracotta sculptures displayed in various Portuguese museums point to their production in della Robbia workshop of Florence (Italy). A multitechnique analytical approach is applied for the first time to these sculptures, aiming to confirm their origin. Materials were analyzed using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis and X-ray Diffraction. The compositional results are similar to other della Robbia sculptures, suggesting a common origin for the raw material that was identified as carbonate rich marine origin marly clay. The applied firing temperatures was proved to be around 900 °C. The differences found within each sculpture are explained by the production technique of assembling separate parts to produce these huge sculptures, and the clay pit heterogeneity.

Topsoils developed in different geological formations/ages, and the top layer of the lava flow from the most recent eruption (2014/2015) of Fogo Island (Cape Verde archipelago), were studied. The specific objectives of this work are: i) to estimate the REE contents and patterns in the whole sample of topsoils developed on different geological formations/ages and their correlation with the iron speciation; and ii) to study the top layer of a lava flow from the most recent eruption after two years of exposure. REE contents are in general higher in the topsoils of the pre-caldera than in those developed on the post-caldera formation, particularly the light REE probably due to their incorporation into hematite. Positive Eu anomalies found in recent topsoils suggest the existence of hydrothermal processes with intrusion of hot fluids with higher concentration of Eu2+. In the top layer of the lava flow of the most recent eruption, Fe is incorporated in pyroxenes and iron oxides (magnetite and/or maghemite). This study can be a benchmark for further knowledge of the chemical evolution and weathering rate in semi-arid climate of Fogo Island., The authors would like to thank the financial support by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) through the projects UID/GEO/04035/2013 and UID/Multi/04349/2013.

Altres ajuts: FCT (SFRH / BD /11020/2002) In cases where the provenance of raw materials used in the manufacture of local archeological ceramics is of interest, a detailed study of thermal transformations of minerals may be useful. The purpose of this study was to measure mineralogical transformations of different types of clays obtained during experimental firing runs, carried out at different temperatures, with the main goal of establishing Algarve reference groups based on the composition of raw material and high-temperature mineralogy, which may be compared with ceramics in studies of provenance. Eleven samples of clay-rich raw materials from the Algarve Basin (southern Portugal) were fired to temperatures ranging from 300 to 1100°C in increments of 100°C under oxidizing conditions. These were chosen to have variable chemical and mineralogical compositions, representing the main compositional range of the clay deposits from the region. Mineralogical and geochemical characterizations of the original clays were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), respectively. Mineral transformations on the fired products were also studied by XRD. Three groups of clays were distinguished according to the type of neoformed high-temperature minerals: (1) non-calcareous clays; (2) clays containing calcite as the only carbonate; and (3) clays with dolomite or dolomite + calcite. Firing of non-calcareous clays produced mullite at 1100-1200°C. Gehlenite and wollastonite formed by firing calcite-rich clays above 900°C, accompanied by anorthite or larnite in samples with small or large calcite contents, respectively. Firing of dolomite-rich clays at temperatures >900°C yielded a member of the gehlenite-åkermanite group and diopside. Anorthite, enstatite, periclase, forsterite, and monticellite may also form in the firing products.