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4. Potential Role of Lauric Acid in Milk Fat Synthesis in Chinese Holstein Cows Based on Integrated Analysis of Ruminal Microbiome and Metabolome.

Author

Zhang, Huimin, Wang, Yi, Hu, Liping, Cong, Jiahe, Xu, Zhengzhong, Chen, Xiang, Rao, Shengqi, Li, Mingxun, Shen, Ziliang, Mauck, John, Loor, Juan J., Yang, Zhangping, and Mao, Yongjiang

Subjects
MILKFAT, LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry, LAURIC acid, MILK proteins, FAT, FAT content of milk, COWS
Abstract

Simple Summary: Milk fat is one of the most important economic traits in dairy cow production. Numerous investigations have demonstrated the influence of the ruminal microbiome's composition and metabolic profile on milk production. However, no studies have directly connected the ruminal metabolome with bacterial and fungal communities as a function of milk fat content in dairy cows. The specific objective of the present study was to compare ruminal metabolome with bacterial and fungal communities among Chinese Holstein cows with contrasting milk fat content that were fed the same diet. Our results confirm that ruminal metabolome, bacterial, and fungal communities differ significantly in dairy cows with different milk fat contents. Among these different metabolites, lauric acid was enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis and selected for an in vitro study with bovine mammary epithelial cells, indicating that lauric acid promoted intracellular triglyceride synthesis via upregulation of the mRNA abundance of fatty acid uptake and activation, as well as lipogenesis. This study revealed microbial-mediated metabolic processes related to milk fat synthesis. The composition and metabolic profile of the ruminal microbiome have an impact on milk composition. To unravel the ruminal microbiome and metabolome affecting milk fat synthesis in dairy cows, 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequencing, as well as ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) methods were used to investigate the significant differences in ruminal bacterial and fungal communities as well as metabolome among Chinese Holstein cows with contrasting milk fat contents under the same diet (H-MF 5.82 ± 0.41% vs. L-MF 3.60 ± 0.12%). Another objective was to culture bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) to assess the effect of metabolites on lipid metabolism. Results showed that the acetate-to-propionate ratio and xylanase activity in ruminal fluid were both higher in H-MF. Microbiome sequencing identified 10 types of bacteria and four types of fungi differently abundant at the genus level. Metabolomics analysis indicated 11 different ruminal metabolites between the two groups, the majority of which were lipids and organic acids. Among these, lauric acid (LA) was enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis with its concentration in milk fat of H-MF cows being greater (217 vs. 156 mg per 100 g milk), thus, it was selected for an in vitro study with BMECs. Exogenous LA led to a marked increase in intracellular triglyceride (TG) content and lipid droplet formation, and it upregulated the mRNA abundance of fatty acid uptake and activation (CD36 and ACSL1), TG synthesis (DGAT1, DGAT2 and GPAM), and transcriptional regulation (SREBP1) genes. Taken together, the greater relative abundance of xylan-fermenting bacteria and fungi, and lower abundance of bacteria suppressing short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria or participating in fatty acid hydrogenation altered lipids and organic acids in the rumen of dairy cows. In BMECs, LA altered the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in mammary cells, ultimately promoting milk fat synthesis. Thus, it appears that this fatty acid plays a key role in milk fat synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory responses through PPARγ/MAPK/NF-κB pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

Author

Xu, Tianle, Liu, Run, Lu, Xubin, Wu, Xinyue, Heneberg, Petr, Mao, Yongjiang, Jiang, Qianming, Loor, Juan, and Yang, Zhangping

Subjects
MASTITIS, LACTATION in cattle, EPITHELIAL cells, INFLAMMATION, BACTERIAL cell walls, POLYSACCHARIDES, PEROXISOME proliferator-activated receptors, BOS
Abstract

As the main component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is well documented as an inducer of inflammation in bovine mammary cells. Lycium barbarum (goji) polysaccharides (LBP) have been used in nonruminants as prebiotics to improve growth performance, immune ability, and antioxidant capacity. We aimed to investigate the underlying effects of LBPs on proinflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Cells were isolated from mammary tissue of three lactating Holstein cows without clinical disease (30.26 ± 3.1 kg/d of milk yield; 175 ± 6 DIM). For the pre-experimental treatment, bMECs were precultured with serum-free medium for 12 h. Treatments were as follows: pretreatment with culture medium devoid of LPS or LBP for 30 h (CON); CON for 24 h followed by challenge with 2 μg/mL LPS for 6 h (LPS); pretreatment with 100 or 300 μg/mL LBP for 24 h followed by LPS challenge (2 μg/mL) for 6 h (LBP(100)+LPS; LBP(300)+LPS). To further determine if the effect of LBP on immuneregulation is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) activation dependent, an inhibitor of PPARγ, GW9662, at a concentration of 1 μM was used. Cells treated with LBP at 100, 300, and 500 μg/mL had upregulated protein abundance of PPARγ, while PGC1α had a higher expression only at 300 μg/mL of LBP treatment. Compared with CON, cells pretreated with LBP at 100 and 300 μg/mL had greater protein abundance of SCD1 and SREBP1. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining and cell wound healing assays showed that the negative effect of LPS alone on cell proliferation was reversed by pretreatment with LBP at both 100 and 300 μg/mL. Upregulation of gene and protein abundance of proinflammatory factors and cytokines (COX-2, NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) induced by LPS stimulation were alleviated by LBP pretreatment at 300 μg/mL (more than 2-fold decrease). Compared with LPS challenge alone, phosphorylation of proteins involved in NF-κB (IκBα and p65) and MAPK (p38, JNK, and ERK) pathways was downregulated following LBP treatment. Additionally, inhibition of PPARγ by GW9662 weakened the protective effect of LBP on LPS-induced protein abundance of phosphorylated p65, COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. These results indicated that the protective effect of LBP on LPS-induced bMECs inflammatory responses is PPARγ activation-dependent. As such, this knowledge might help design strategies for intervening against the detrimental effects of bovine mastitis. Interpretive summary Current research examined Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) for combating LPS-induced inflammatory responses in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells. We uncovered a preventive role of LBP in reducing detrimental effects induced by LPS including inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK along with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) activation. The decrease in cell proliferation due to LPS was curtailed by pretreatment with LBP. Moreover, the effect of LBP on regulation of inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cell was PPARγ dependent. Collectively, data suggest that LBP reverses LPS-induced inflammatory response via MAPK/NF-κB signaling in a PPARγ-activation-dependent manner. Thus, the study provides new insights into therapeutic strategies for combating mastitis using LBP and highlighted the link between PPARγ and regulation of mammary cell inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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37. Effects of polymorphisms in CAPN1 and CAST genes on meat tenderness of Chinese Simmental cattle

Author

Sun, Xiaomei, Wu, Xiuxiang, Fan, Yongliang, Mao, Yongjiang, Ji, Dejun, Huang, Bizhi, and Yang, Zhangping

Subjects
food and beverages
Abstract

Considerable evidence has demonstrated that the μ-calpain (CAPN1) gene and its inhibitor calpastatin (CAST) gene are major factors affecting meat quality. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has been widely used to improve beef quality traits. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of bovine CAPN1 and CAST genes using 367 animals representing the four main Chinese cattle breeds and to explore the effects of these SNPs on meat quality traits. Two SNPs within CAPN1 and one SNP in CAST were successfully identified in cattle. Genetic diversity analyses suggested that most SNPs in the four breeds exhibited a moderate genetic diversity. Moreover, associations between individual markers and meat quality traits were analyzed in Chinese Simmental cattle. The CAPN1 4558 A > G locus was found to be significantly associated with shear force value (SFV) and marbling score (BMS), and CAPN1 4684 C > T exerted a significant effect on SFV, while the CAST genotype was not significantly associated with any of the measured traits. SFV, commonly used to measure meat tenderness, represents an important quality trait as it contributes to the flavor of cooked meat. This work confirms the effect of CAPN1 on beef tenderness and lays an important foundation for future cattle breeding.

Published
2018

38. A novel SNP of Lysozyme Gene and Its Association with Mastitis Trait in Chinese Holstein

Author

Chen, Renjin, Wang, Zhenzhen, Yang, Zhangping, Mao, Yongjiang, Ji, Dejun, Zhu, Xiaorong, and Hamza, An Ed

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Veterinary medicine, Religious studies, Disease, Biology, medicine.disease, 570 Life sciences, Mastitis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Herd, Trait, medicine, SNP, Lysozyme, Gene, Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract

Mastitis is the most frequent and important disease in the dairy industry worldwide, which leads to great economic losses in the dairy industry (Nash et al. 2003). Direct selection for resistance to clinical mastitis may be very difficult and indirect selection has been practiced widely. The recommended measure is to record herd milk somatic cell scores (SCS) based on the positive correlation between clinical mastitis and milk SCS (Rupp et al. 1999).

Published
2018

40. New Insights on Water Buffalo Genomic Diversity and Post-Domestication Migration Routes From Medium Density SNP Chip Data

Author

Colli, Licia, primary, Milanesi, Marco, additional, Vajana, Elia, additional, Iamartino, Daniela, additional, Bomba, Lorenzo, additional, Puglisi, Francesco, additional, Del Corvo, Marcello, additional, Nicolazzi, Ezequiel L., additional, Ahmed, Sahar S. E., additional, Herrera, Jesus R. V., additional, Cruz, Libertado, additional, Zhang, Shujun, additional, Liang, Aixin, additional, Hua, Guohua, additional, Yang, Liguo, additional, Hao, Xingjie, additional, Zuo, Fuyuan, additional, Lai, Song-Jia, additional, Wang, Shuilian, additional, Liu, Ruyu, additional, Gong, Yundeng, additional, Mokhber, Mahdi, additional, Mao, Yongjiang, additional, Guan, Feng, additional, Vlaic, Augustin, additional, Vlaic, Bogdan, additional, Ramunno, Luigi, additional, Cosenza, Gianfranco, additional, Ahmad, Ali, additional, Soysal, Ihsan, additional, Ünal, Emel Ö., additional, Ketudat-Cairns, Mariena, additional, Garcia, José F., additional, Utsunomiya, Yuri T., additional, Baruselli, Pietro S., additional, Amaral, Maria E. J., additional, Parnpai, Rangsun, additional, Drummond, Marcela G., additional, Galbusera, Peter, additional, Burton, James, additional, Hoal, Eileen, additional, Yusnizar, Yulnawati, additional, Sumantri, Cece, additional, Moioli, Bianca, additional, Valentini, Alessio, additional, Stella, Alessandra, additional, Williams, John L., additional, and Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo, additional

Published
2018
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42. miR-122 regulates the JAK-STAT signalling pathway by down-regulating EPOin the mammary gland during Streptococcus agalactiae-induced mastitis

Author

Pu, Junhua, Chen, Daijie, Chu, Shuangfeng, Chen, Zhi, Fan, Yongliang, Zhang, Zhipeng, Loor, Juan J., Mao, Yongjiang, and Yang, Zhangping

Abstract

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) are single-stranded non-coding RNA of approximately 22 nucleotides estimated to regulate 60% of human and animal genes some of which are associated with cell differentiation, signal transduction and immune processes. Streptococcus agalactiae(S. agalactiae)-induced bovine mastitis is associated with up-regulation of miR-122 and down-regulation of erythropoietin (EPO) abundance in mammary gland tissue. TargetScan analysis revealed that EPOis a predicted target gene of miR-122 and this regulatory relationship was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-122 in primary bovine mammary cells led to down-regulation of EPOand also the JAK-STAT signalling pathway genes EPOR, JAK2, STAT5Aand STAT5B. Accordingly, the mRNA abundance of BCL-2, a downstream gene in the JAK-STAT signalling pathway was significantly down-regulated. Under conditions of miR-122 inhibition, EPO, EPOR, JAK2, STAT5Aand STAT5Bwere up-regulated. These results demonstrated that, through its action on EPO, miR-122 may play an important role in S. agalactiae-induced mastitis by regulating the JAK-STAT signalling pathway.HighlightsUnderstanding the relationship among miR-122, EPOand the JAK-STAT pathway would be helpful in developing new strategies for controlling mastitis.

Published
2020
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