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Alex S Huang,1 Anthony P Mai,2 Jeffrey L Goldberg,3 Thomas W Samuelson,4 William H Morgan,5 Leon Herndon,6 Tanner J Ferguson,2 Robert N Weinreb7 1Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2Vance Thompson Vision, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; 3Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; 4Minnesota Eye Consultants, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; 5Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; 6Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; 7Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USACorrespondence: Anthony P Mai, Email anthonymai.md@gmail.comAbstract: Nocturnal intraocular pressure (IOP) profiling has shown that the peak IOP usually occurs at night, particularly in patients with glaucoma. Multiple studies have demonstrated that these nocturnal IOP elevations drive glaucomatous progression, often despite stable daytime IOP. Existing vascular dysregulation and decreased nighttime blood pressure compound the damage via low ocular perfusion pressure while elevated nocturnal IOP disrupts axonal transport. These findings are consistent with studies that indicate lowering nocturnal IOP is important for slowing glaucoma progression. Many of the current treatment options lower nighttime IOP significantly less than daytime IOP. Non-invasive IOP-lowering treatments that effectively lower nocturnal IOP remain an unmet need in the treatment of glaucoma.Keywords: glaucoma, nocturnal intraocular pressure, translaminar pressure differential

Purpose: To report the observation of iris atrophy with the use of Dexycu in cataract surgery and describe a possible mechanism for this complication., Observations: Between 2020 and 2021, 2 patients underwent cataract surgery procedures with the use of Dexycu and experienced iris atrophy. The first case of iris atrophy was discovered by 6-month follow-up and the second case by 2-month follow-up. The timing and nature of this complication possibly represent more than steroid-induced hypopigmentation., Conclusions and Importance: This publication adds further evidence of iris atrophy and a proposed mechanism associated with the use of Dexycu. Surgeons should be aware of this complication, especially when operating on eyes with dark irides., Competing Interests: RTW, AMH, APM, RS, have no financial disclosures. CJC has received consulting and research funding from Ivantis, Allergan, and AbbVie., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.)

F18 plays an important role in helping Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) binds to specific receptors on small intestinal enterocytes, followed by secreting of toxins causing diarrhea in post-weaning piglets (post-weaning diarrhea, PWD). However, the F18 subunit vaccine is not sufficient to stimulate an immune response that can protect weaning pigs from F18-positive ETEC (F18 + ETEC). Recently, a body of evidence shows that flagellin protein (FliC) helps to increase the immunity of fused proteins. Therefore, in this study, we combined FliC with F18 to enhance the immune response of F18. The f18 gene was obtained from F18 + ETEC, then was fused with the fliC gene. The expression of recombinant FliC-F18 protein was induced by Isopropyl-beta-D-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The purified protein was tested in vivo in mouse models to evaluate the immunostimulation. Results showed that the fusion of FliC and F18 protein increased the production of anti-F18 antibodies. Besides, the anti-F18 antibody in the collected antiserum specifically identified F18 + ETEC. This result provides proof-of-concept for the development of subunit vaccine to prevent PWD using F18 antigen., (© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2022.)

Big Potassium (BK) ion channels have several splice variants. One splice variant initially described within human glioma cells is called the glioma BK channel (gBK). Using a gBK-specific antibody, we detected gBK within three human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) lines. Electrophysiology revealed that functional membrane channels were found on the SCLC cells. Prolonged exposure to BK channel activators caused the SCLC cells to swell within 20 minutes and resulted in their death within five hours. Transduction of BK-negative HEK cells with gBK produced functional gBK channels. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis using primers specific for gBK, but not with a lung-specific marker, Sox11, confirmed that advanced, late-stage human SCLC tissues strongly expressed gBK mRNA. Normal human lung tissue and early, lower stage SCLC resected tissues very weakly expressed this transcript. Immunofluorescence using the anti-gBK antibody confirmed that SCLC cells taken at the time of the autopsy intensely displayed this protein. gBK may represent a late-stage marker for SCLC. HLA-A*0201 restricted human CTL were generated in vitro using gBK peptide pulsed dendritic cells. The exposure of SCLC cells to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) increased the expression of HLA; these treated cells were killed by the CTL better than non-IFN-γ treated cells even though the IFN-γ treated SCLC cells displayed diminished gBK protein expression. Prolonged incubation with recombinant IFN-γ slowed the in vitro growth and prevented transmigration of the SCLC cells, suggesting IFN-γ might inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Immunotherapy targeting gBK might impede advancement to the terminal stage of SCLC via two pathways.