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2. Impact of test, vaccinate and remove protocol on home ranges and nightly movements of badgers in a medium density population

Author

Redpath, Sophie H. A., primary, Marks, Nikki J., additional, Menzies, Fraser D., additional, O’Hagan, Maria J. H., additional, Wilson, Rory P., additional, Smith, Sinéad, additional, Magowan, Elizabeth A., additional, McClune, David W., additional, Collins, Shane F., additional, McCormick, Carl M., additional, and Scantlebury, D. Michael, additional

Published
2023
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3. Qualitative impact assessment of land management interventions on ecosystem services (‘QEIA’). Report-2: integrated assessment

Author

Emmett, Bridget, Cosby, Jack, Bentley, Laura, Birnie, Jonathan, Botham, Marc, Bowes, Mike, Braban, Christine, Broughton, Richard, Burden, Annette, Carvell, Claire, Costa Domingo, G., Drewer, Julia, Evans, Chris, Feeney, Christopher, Fletcher, D., Garbutt, Angus, Gaskell, P., Goodenough, A., Hassin, A.E.J., Hunt, Merryn, Hutchins, Michael, Jackson, D., Jones, Laurence, Keenleyside, Clunie, Law, Ryan, Lucas, Owen T., Magowan, Elizabeth, Maskell, Lindsay, Matthews, Robert, McGowan, Al, Nemitz, Eiko, Newell-Price, Paul, Norton, Lisa, Pywell, Richard, Qu, Yueming, Short, Chris, Siriwardena, Gavin, Staddon, P., Staley, Joanna, Thomson, Amanda, Taylor, J., Urquhart, J., Wagner, Markus, Williams, John, Williams, Prysor, Woodcock, Ben, Bell, Chris, Emmett, Bridget, Cosby, Jack, Bentley, Laura, Birnie, Jonathan, Botham, Marc, Bowes, Mike, Braban, Christine, Broughton, Richard, Burden, Annette, Carvell, Claire, Costa Domingo, G., Drewer, Julia, Evans, Chris, Feeney, Christopher, Fletcher, D., Garbutt, Angus, Gaskell, P., Goodenough, A., Hassin, A.E.J., Hunt, Merryn, Hutchins, Michael, Jackson, D., Jones, Laurence, Keenleyside, Clunie, Law, Ryan, Lucas, Owen T., Magowan, Elizabeth, Maskell, Lindsay, Matthews, Robert, McGowan, Al, Nemitz, Eiko, Newell-Price, Paul, Norton, Lisa, Pywell, Richard, Qu, Yueming, Short, Chris, Siriwardena, Gavin, Staddon, P., Staley, Joanna, Thomson, Amanda, Taylor, J., Urquhart, J., Wagner, Markus, Williams, John, Williams, Prysor, Woodcock, Ben, and Bell, Chris

Abstract

This project assessed the impacts of 741 potential land management actions, suitable for agricultural land in England, on the Farming & Countryside Programme’s Environmental Objectives (and therefore Environment Act targets and climate commitments) through 53 relevant environmental and cultural service indicators. The project used a combination of expert opinion and rapid evidence reviews, which included 1000+ pages of evidence in 10 separate reports with reference to over 2400 published studies, and an Integrated Assessment comprising expert-derived qualitative impact scores. The project has ensured that ELM schemes are evidence-based, offer good value for money, and contribute to SoS priorities for farming.

Published
2023

5. The Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Gut Bacteria and Bone Strength of Broilers Offered Alternative, Sustainable Diets Varying in Nutrient Specification and Phytase Dose

Author

Mulvenna, Christina C., primary, McCormack, Ursula M., additional, Magowan, Elizabeth, additional, McKillen, John, additional, Bedford, Mike R., additional, Walk, Carrie L., additional, Oster, Michael, additional, Reyer, Henry, additional, Wimmers, Klaus, additional, Fornara, Dario A., additional, and Ball, M. Elizabeth E., additional

Published
2022
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6. Impact of sow lactation feed intake on the growth and suckling behaviour of low and average birthweight pigs to ten weeks of age

Author

Hawe, Samuel J, Scollan, Nigel, Gordon, Alan, and Magowan, Elizabeth

Subjects
growth, weaning, suckling behaviour, compromised pigs, mortality
Abstract

Improved genetics in commercial pig production have resulted in larger litter sizes. However this has increased the prevalence of compromised pigs exhibiting inferior birthweights, weaning weights and lifetime performance. This study aimed to determine the effects of increased sow lactation feed intake on growth of low and average birthweight piglets until 10 weeks of age. Low (LOW BW;0.05). Growth rate of piglets relative to their birthweight was significantly greater for Low BW piglets than those of Av BW during lactation (P0.05). However Low BW animals on sows with a High FA recorded half the pre-weaning mortality of Low BW pigs on sows with a Low FA. During week 1 of lactation, Av BW litters recorded a greater total suckling duration compared to Low BW litters (P0.05). During week 3 of lactation High FA litters displayed a significantly lower suckling frequency (P0.05). Average daily feed intake was greater for Av BW pigs throughout the nursery period (P0.05). In conclusion offering sows a High FA increased weaning weight of all animals, however birthweight was the major determinant of post-weaning performance.

Published
2020

7. Scenario modelling - spatial targeting of ammonia mitigation measures in Northern Ireland

Author

Carnell, Ed, Tomlinson, Sam, Thomas, Isabel, Zwagerman, Thomas, Dore, Anthony, Mitchell, Zak, Rowe, Ed, Misselbrook, Tom, McIlroy, John, Magowan, Elizabeth, Carolan, Rachel, Dragosits, Ulli, Carnell, Ed, Tomlinson, Sam, Thomas, Isabel, Zwagerman, Thomas, Dore, Anthony, Mitchell, Zak, Rowe, Ed, Misselbrook, Tom, McIlroy, John, Magowan, Elizabeth, Carolan, Rachel, and Dragosits, Ulli

Abstract

This report describes the scenario modelling undertaken to test the potential impact of bundles of ammonia (NH3) mitigation measures on atmospheric emissions, concentrations and deposition as well as effects on sensitive vegetation, and, in particular, on designated sites (SACs, ASSIs). The scenarios tested both Northern Ireland-wide and spatially targeted options near designated sites. Ammonia is very reactive and effects are known to occur locally, close to emission sources, and spatial targeting has previously been shown in UK studies to be more cost-effective per unit of emission reduction than country-wide measures where reductions are spread more thinly over a much larger area (i.e. same overall emission reduction).

Published
2020

12. Bridging Gaps in the Agricultural Phosphorus Cycle from an Animal Husbandry Perspective - The Case of Pigs and Poultry

Author

Oster, Michael, Reyer, Henry, Ball, Elizabeth, Fonara, Dario, McKillen, John, Sørensen, Kristina Ulrich, Poulsen, Hanne Damgaard, Andersson, Kim, Ddiba, Daniel, Rosemarin, Arno, Arata, Linda, Sckokai, Paolo, Magowan, Elizabeth, and Wimmers, Klaus

Subjects
Agricultural cycle, Bio-economic assessment, Environmental phosphorus burden, Farm animals, Feeding strategies, Monogastric species, Phosphorus recycling, Sustainable phosphorus governance, sustainable phosphorus governance, Settore AGR/01 - ECONOMIA ED ESTIMO RURALE, lcsh:TJ807-830, lcsh:Renewable energy sources, monogastric species, agricultural cycle, bio-economic assessment, environmental phosphorus burden, farm animals, feeding strategies, phosphorus recycling, Miljö- och naturvårdsvetenskap, lcsh:Environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants, Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use, lcsh:TD194-195
Abstract

Since phosphorus (P) is an essential element for life, its usage and application across agricultural production systems requires great attention. Monogastric species such as pigs and poultry can significantly contribute to global food security but these animals remain highly dependent on the supply of mineral inorganic P in their feeds. Pig and poultry, which represent 70% of the global meat production, are also major P excretors and thus represent important sources of environmental P inputs. Balancing the P cycle within farming systems is crucial to achieve P sustainable and resilient livestock production. Therefore, the interconnection of animal feed, livestock farming, manure, and soil/aquatic ecosystems requires multidisciplinary approaches to improve P management. With regard to a sustainable agricultural P cycle, this study addresses aspects of feeding strategies and animal physiology (e.g., phase feeding, P conditioning, liquid feeding, phytase supplementation, genetics), soil agroecosystems (e.g., P cycling, P losses, P gains), reuse and recycling (e.g., manure, slaughter waste), measures of farmers&rsquo, economic performance (e.g., bio-economic models), and P governance/policy instruments (e.g., P quota, P tax). To reconcile the economic and ecological sustainability of animal husbandry, the strategic objective of future research will be to provide solutions for a sufficient supply of high-quality animal products from resource-efficient and economically competitive agro-systems which are valued by society and preserve soil and aquatic ecosystems.

Published
2018

13. Porcine Feed Efficiency-Associated Intestinal Microbiota and Physiological Traits: Finding Consistent Cross-Locational Biomarkers for Residual Feed Intake

Author

McCormack, Ursula M., primary, Curião, Tânia, additional, Metzler-Zebeli, Barbara U., additional, Magowan, Elizabeth, additional, Berry, Donagh P., additional, Reyer, Henry, additional, Prieto, Maria L., additional, Buzoianu, Stefan G., additional, Harrison, Michael, additional, Rebeiz, Natalie, additional, Crispie, Fiona, additional, Cotter, Paul D., additional, O’Sullivan, Orla, additional, Gardiner, Gillian E., additional, and Lawlor, Peadar G., additional

Published
2019
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20. Bridging Gaps in the Agricultural Phosphorus Cycle from an Animal Husbandry Perspective—The Case of Pigs and Poultry

Author

Oster, Michael, primary, Reyer, Henry, additional, Ball, Elizabeth, additional, Fornara, Dario, additional, McKillen, John, additional, Sørensen, Kristina, additional, Poulsen, Hanne, additional, Andersson, Kim, additional, Ddiba, Daniel, additional, Rosemarin, Arno, additional, Arata, Linda, additional, Sckokai, Paolo, additional, Magowan, Elizabeth, additional, and Wimmers, Klaus, additional

Published
2018
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24. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) controls monocyte production and maturation and the steady-state size of the liver in pigs

Author

Sauter, Kristin A., Waddell, Lindsey A., Lisowski, Zofia M., Young, Rachel, Lefevre, Lucas, Davis, Gemma M., Clohisey, Sara M., McCulloch, Mary, Magowan, Elizabeth, Mabbott, Neil A., Summers, Kim M., and Hume, David A.

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Swine, Physiology, Liver and Biliary Tract Physiology/Pathophysiology, Biology, Antibodies, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Monocytes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, hepatostat, Antigens, CD, Physiology (medical), medicine, Animals, Macrophage, Liver injury, Hepatology, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Monocyte, Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, M-CSF, Cell biology, macrophages, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Liver, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hepatocyte, Immunology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Female, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, CD163, Bone marrow, hepatosplenomegaly
Abstract

This study is based on extensive studies in the mouse of the role of CSF1 in monocyte-macrophage production and differentiation and the function of macrophages in the control of hepatocyte proliferation. We use a novel form of CSF1, an Fc fusion protein, to demonstrate that the findings in mice can be extended to large animals. We discuss the possible role for CSF1 in homeostatic control of the size of the liver., Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) is an essential growth and differentiation factor for cells of the macrophage lineage. To explore the role of CSF1 in steady-state control of monocyte production and differentiation and tissue repair, we previously developed a bioactive protein with a longer half-life in circulation by fusing pig CSF1 with the Fc region of pig IgG1a. CSF1-Fc administration to pigs expanded progenitor pools in the marrow and selectively increased monocyte numbers and their expression of the maturation marker CD163. There was a rapid increase in the size of the liver, and extensive proliferation of hepatocytes associated with increased macrophage infiltration. Despite the large influx of macrophages, there was no evidence of liver injury and no increase in circulating liver enzymes. Microarray expression profiling of livers identified increased expression of macrophage markers, i.e., cytokines such as TNF, IL1, and IL6 known to influence hepatocyte proliferation, alongside cell cycle genes. The analysis also revealed selective enrichment of genes associated with portal, as opposed to centrilobular regions, as seen in hepatic regeneration. Combined with earlier data from the mouse, this study supports the existence of a CSF1-dependent feedback loop, linking macrophages of the liver with bone marrow and blood monocytes, to mediate homeostatic control of the size of the liver. The results also provide evidence of safety and efficacy for possible clinical applications of CSF1-Fc.

Published
2016

26. Exploring a Possible Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Feed Efficiency in Pigs

Author

McCormack, Ursula M., primary, Curião, Tânia, additional, Buzoianu, Stefan G., additional, Prieto, Maria L., additional, Ryan, Tomas, additional, Varley, Patrick, additional, Crispie, Fiona, additional, Magowan, Elizabeth, additional, Metzler-Zebeli, Barbara U., additional, Berry, Donagh, additional, O'Sullivan, Orla, additional, Cotter, Paul D., additional, Gardiner, Gillian E., additional, and Lawlor, Peadar G., additional

Published
2017
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28. Identification of animal movement patterns using tri-axial magnetometry

Author

Williams, Hannah J., primary, Holton, Mark D., additional, Shepard, Emily L. C., additional, Largey, Nicola, additional, Norman, Brad, additional, Ryan, Peter G., additional, Duriez, Olivier, additional, Scantlebury, Michael, additional, Quintana, Flavio, additional, Magowan, Elizabeth A., additional, Marks, Nikki J., additional, Alagaili, Abdulaziz N., additional, Bennett, Nigel C., additional, and Wilson, Rory P., additional

Published
2017
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29. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) controls monocyte production and maturation and the steady-state size of the liver in pigs

Author

Sauter, Kristin A., primary, Waddell, Lindsey A., additional, Lisowski, Zofia M., additional, Young, Rachel, additional, Lefevre, Lucas, additional, Davis, Gemma M., additional, Clohisey, Sara M., additional, McCulloch, Mary, additional, Magowan, Elizabeth, additional, Mabbott, Neil A., additional, Summers, Kim M., additional, and Hume, David A., additional

Published
2016
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31. Prying into the intimate secrets of animal lives; software beyond hardware for comprehensive annotation in ‘Daily Diary’ tags

Author

Walker, James S., primary, Jones, Mark W., additional, Laramee, Robert S., additional, Holton, Mark D., additional, Shepard, Emily LC, additional, Williams, Hannah J., additional, Scantlebury, D. Michael, additional, Marks, Nikki, J., additional, Magowan, Elizabeth A., additional, Maguire, Iain E., additional, Bidder, Owen R., additional, Di Virgilio, Agustina, additional, and Wilson, Rory P., additional

Published
2015
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32. The effect of supplementary grass silage and standard concentrate on milk fat fatty acid composition and iodine value when cows are fed a whole rapeseed-based concentrate at pasture

Author

Magowan, Elizabeth, Fearon, A.M., and Patterson, D.C.

Subjects
Dairy cows, food and beverages, Concentrates, Iodine value, rapeseed, Grass silage, Fatty acids
Abstract

peer-reviewed The use of grass silage and concentrates to supplement fresh grass intake is commonly practised in dairy systems. However, the effects of such supplementation within a dietary regime designed to produce a spreadable butter are unknown. Sixteen Holstein Friesian cows were used in an incomplete changeover design to investigate the effect on milk fat of supplementation with grass silage (GS) or standard concentrate (SC) when offering a concentrate based on whole rapeseed at pasture (RC+G). A control diet of fresh grass and standard concentrate (SC+G) was also included. Diet had no effect (P > 0.05) on milk yield or on the lactose concentration of milk. The iodine value (IV; grams of iodine per 100 g milk fat) of milk fat with the RC+G diet was greater (43.9, P < 0.05) than with the SC+G diet (39.9). The iodine value of milk fat was reduced (P < 0.05) when RC+G+GS was offered (41.5 g/100g), but not when RC+G+SC was offered (43.1 g/100g), compared with when RC+G was offered. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat was higher (P < 0.05) when the RC+G diet was offered compared with either RC+G+GS or RC+G+SC. If supplementary feedstuffs are to be used in combination with a wholerapeseed- based concentrate and pasture, then inclusion of standard concentrate would be preferred over grass silage because the negative impact on the iodine value of milk fat was less. However, further research is required to investigate the effect on IV of milk fat when a standard concentrate supplement is offered at levels that increase milk yield.

Published
2010

36. Identifying and investigating factors which affect sow productivity in UK and Irish pig herds

Author

Lavery, Anna Mary, Miller, Helen M., Magowan, Elizabeth, and Lawlor, Peadar G.

Subjects
636.4
Abstract

Increasing litter size in sows is accompanied by a rise in the number of unviable piglets at birth which limits the potential output of modern sows. Understanding sow and dietary characteristics that influence reproductive performance and developing nutritional strategies to improve piglet survival and growth to weaning will abate the negative impacts of high litter sizes. Therefore, this study took two approaches: 1. Use of historical data from two research sites to quantify the association between sow or dietary characteristics during gestation and resulting reproductive performance and 2. Two separate feeding trials to determine the effect of salmon oil, vitamin D3 inclusion level in gestation diets and salmon oil and dietary energy regimen in lactation on piglet viability and growth to weaning. Sow live-weight and back-fat depth in late gestation were found to be important for subsequent reproductive performance. Current recommended digestible energy intakes during gestation were found to be appropriate for the modern genotype, however, current amino acid requirements should be increased for gestating sows. Salmon oil inclusion in gestation and lactation diets increased the proportion of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in samples while increased dietary vitamin D3 level during gestation improved sow and piglet vitamin D3 status, but the growth performance of piglets was not improved as a result. From this thesis it can be concluded that the transfer of n-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 from sow feed to the offspring is effective via placental transfer and milk secretions, but this did not improve performance. This conflicts with other work and further research is needed to clarify the associated biological pathways and mechanisms to explain these inconsistencies.

Published
2018

37. Exploring a Possible Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Feed Efficiency in Pigs.

Author

Curião, Tânia, Buzoianu, Stefan G., Ryan, Tomas, Lawlor, Peadar G., McCormack, Ursula M., Prieto, Maria L., Gardiner, Gillian E., Varley, Patrick, Crispie, Fiona, O'Sullivan, Orla, Cotter, Paul D., Magowan, Elizabeth, Metzler-Zebeli, Barbara U., and Berry, Donagh

Subjects
*SWINE nutrition, *ENERGY harvesting, *INTESTINAL infections, *ILEUM diseases, *NOCARDIACEAE, *ISOBUTYRIC acid, *DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Feed efficiency (FE) is critical in pig production for both economic and environmental reasons. As the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in energy harvest, it is likely to influence FE. Therefore, our aim was to characterize the intestinal microbiota of pigs ranked as low, medium, and high residual feed intake ([RFI] a metric for FE), where genetic, nutritional, and management effects were minimized, to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and FE. Eightyone pigs were ranked according to RFI between weaning and day 126 postweaning, and 32 were selected as the extremes in RFI (12 low, 10 medium, and 10 high). Intestinal microbiota diversity, composition, and predicted functionality were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although no differences in microbial diversity were found, some RFI-associated compositional differences were revealed, principally among members of Firmicutes, predominantly in feces at slaughter (albeit mainly for low-abundance taxa). In particular, microbes associated with a leaner and healthier host (e.g., Christensenellaceae, Oscillibacter, and Cellulosilyticum) were enriched in low RFI (more feed-efficient) pigs. Differences were also observed in the ileum of low RFI pigs; most notably, Nocardiaceae (Rhodococcus) were less abundant. Predictive functional analysis suggested improved metabolic capabilities in these animals, especially within the ileal microbiota. Higher ileal isobutyric acid concentrations were also found in low RFI pigs. Overall, the differences observed within the intestinal microbiota of low RFI pigs compared with that of their high RFI counterparts, albeit relatively subtle, suggest a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and FE in pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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38. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) controls monocyte production and maturation and the steady-state size of the liver in pigs.

Author

Sauter KA, Waddell LA, Lisowski ZM, Young R, Lefevre L, Davis GM, Clohisey SM, McCulloch M, Magowan E, Mabbott NA, Summers KM, and Hume DA

Subjects
Animals, Antibodies, Antigens, CD, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System genetics, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Leukocytes, Mononuclear physiology, Male, Liver metabolism, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor metabolism, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor pharmacology, Monocytes physiology, Swine
Abstract

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) is an essential growth and differentiation factor for cells of the macrophage lineage. To explore the role of CSF1 in steady-state control of monocyte production and differentiation and tissue repair, we previously developed a bioactive protein with a longer half-life in circulation by fusing pig CSF1 with the Fc region of pig IgG1a. CSF1-Fc administration to pigs expanded progenitor pools in the marrow and selectively increased monocyte numbers and their expression of the maturation marker CD163. There was a rapid increase in the size of the liver, and extensive proliferation of hepatocytes associated with increased macrophage infiltration. Despite the large influx of macrophages, there was no evidence of liver injury and no increase in circulating liver enzymes. Microarray expression profiling of livers identified increased expression of macrophage markers, i.e., cytokines such as TNF, IL1, and IL6 known to influence hepatocyte proliferation, alongside cell cycle genes. The analysis also revealed selective enrichment of genes associated with portal, as opposed to centrilobular regions, as seen in hepatic regeneration. Combined with earlier data from the mouse, this study supports the existence of a CSF1-dependent feedback loop, linking macrophages of the liver with bone marrow and blood monocytes, to mediate homeostatic control of the size of the liver. The results also provide evidence of safety and efficacy for possible clinical applications of CSF1-Fc., (Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.)

Published
2016
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