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5. Paleo-ENSO influence on African environments and early modern humans

Author

Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie, Gosling, William D., Vogelsang, Ralf, Bahr, André, Scerri, Eleanor M. L., Asrat, Asfawossen, Cohen, Andrew S., Düsing, Walter, Foerster, Verena, Lamb, Henry F., Maslin, Mark A., Roberts, Helen M., Schäbitz, Frank, and Trauth, Martin H.

Published
2021

7. The Anthropocene Is More Than a Time Interval

Author

Edgeworth, Matthew, Bauer, Andrew M., Ellis, Erle C., Finney, Stanley C., Gill, Jacqueline L., Gibbard, Philip L., Maslin, Mark, Merritts, Dorothy J., Walker, Michael J. C., Edgeworth, Matthew, Bauer, Andrew M., Ellis, Erle C., Finney, Stanley C., Gill, Jacqueline L., Gibbard, Philip L., Maslin, Mark, Merritts, Dorothy J., and Walker, Michael J. C.

Abstract

Following the recent rejection of a formal Anthropocene series/epoch by the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), and its subsequent confirmation by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), the opportunity arises to reset the definition of the Anthropocene. The case for informally recognizing the Anthropocene to be a major planetary event of Earth system transformation offers a promising way forward, but this has been criticized by proponents of an Anthropocene series/epoch. In order to move on from the assumption that it must be a time interval, and to foster a more transdisciplinary and inclusive approach, the main points of the critique must be directly addressed.

Published
2024

8. Global food security threatened by potassium neglect

Author

Brownlie, Will J., Alexander, Peter, Maslin, Mark, Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Sutton, Mark A., Spears, Bryan M., Brownlie, Will J., Alexander, Peter, Maslin, Mark, Cañedo-Argüelles, Miguel, Sutton, Mark A., and Spears, Bryan M.

Abstract

Food security and healthy ecosystems are placed in jeopardy by poor potassium management. Six actions may prevent declines in crop yield due to soil potassium deficiency, safeguard farmers from potash price volatility and address environmental concerns associated with potash mining.

Published
2024

14. Le changement climatique

Author

Maslin, Mark, Rodney, Alan, Maslin, Mark, Maslin, Mark, Rodney, Alan, and Maslin, Mark

Abstract

La prise de conscience mondiale du changement climatique progresse, et des militants comme Greta Thunberg ou des groupes comme Extinction Rebellion bénéficient d’un soutien de plus en plus large. De nombreux pays ont déclaré que nous sommes désormais en situation d’urgence climatique. Cette menace nous oblige à examiner l’ensemble des fondements de la société moderne et à réfléchir à l’avenir que nous voulons créer. S’appuyant sur les toutes dernières données scientifiques du rapport du GIEC 2021, ce livre analyse les preuves que le changement climatique est déjà en cours et présente les conséquences catastrophiques qu’il pourrait avoir à long terme. Mark Maslin se penche également sur la géopolitique du changement climatique et sur les solutions que nous pouvons employer pour éviter ses pires effets. Tout au long de son exposé, il démontre comment nous devons développer de nouveaux modes de pensée pour le XXIesiècle au niveau des individus, des entreprises et des gouvernements afin de relever collectivement le défi du changement climatique.

Published
2022

15. The Anthropocene is best understood as an ongoing, intensifying, diachronous event

Author

Walker, Michael J. C., Bauer, Andrew M., Edgeworth, Matthew, Ellis, Erle C., Finney, Stanley, Gibbard, Philip, Maslin, Mark, Walker, Michael J. C., Bauer, Andrew M., Edgeworth, Matthew, Ellis, Erle C., Finney, Stanley, Gibbard, Philip, and Maslin, Mark

Abstract

Current debate on the status and character of the Anthropocene is focussed on whether this interval of geological time should be designated as a formal unit of epoch/series rank in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart/Geological Time Scale, or whether it is more appropriate for it to be considered as an informal ‘event’ comparable in significance with other major transformative events in deeper geological time. The case for formalizing the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphical unit with a base at approximately 1950 CE is being developed by the Anthropocene Working Group of the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. Here we outline the alternative position and explain why the time‐transgressive nature of human impact on global environmental systems that is reflected in the recent stratigraphical record means that the Anthropocene is better seen not as a series/epoch with a fixed lower boundary, but rather as an unfolding, transforming and intensifying geological event.

Published
2023

24. The Anthropocene is best understood as an ongoing, intensifying, diachronous event.

Author

Walker, Michael J. C., Bauer, Andrew M., Edgeworth, Matthew, Ellis, Erle C., Finney, Stanley C., Gibbard, Philip L., and Maslin, Mark

Subjects
ANTHROPOCENE Epoch, GEOLOGICAL time scales
Abstract

Current debate on the status and character of the Anthropocene is focussed on whether this interval of geological time should be designated as a formal unit of epoch/series rank in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart/Geological Time Scale, or whether it is more appropriate for it to be considered as an informal 'event' comparable in significance with other major transformative events in deeper geological time. The case for formalizing the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphical unit with a base at approximately 1950 CE is being developed by the Anthropocene Working Group of the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. Here we outline the alternative position and explain why the time‐transgressive nature of human impact on global environmental systems that is reflected in the recent stratigraphical record means that the Anthropocene is better seen not as a series/epoch with a fixed lower boundary, but rather as an unfolding, transforming and intensifying geological event. The case for formalising the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphic unit with a base at approximately 1950 CE is being developed by the Anthropocene Working Group of the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. Here we outline the alternative position and explain why the time‐transgressive nature of human impact on global environmental systems is more accurately reflected by defining the Anthropocene as a continuing event, with no fixed basal boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Abrupt intrinsic and extrinsic responses of southwestern Iberian vegetation to millennial‐scale variability over the past 28 ka

Author

Cutmore, Anna, Ausín, Blanca, Maslin, Mark, Eglinton, Timothy, Hodell, David, Muschitiello, Francesco, Menviel, Laurie, Haghipour, Negar, Martrat, Belen, Margari, Vasiliki, Tzedakis, Polychronis C., Cutmore, Anna, Ausín, Blanca, Maslin, Mark, Eglinton, Timothy, Hodell, David, Muschitiello, Francesco, Menviel, Laurie, Haghipour, Negar, Martrat, Belen, Margari, Vasiliki, and Tzedakis, Polychronis C.

Abstract

We present new high-resolution pollen records combined with palaeoceanographic proxies from the same samples in deep-sea cores SHAK06-5K and MD01-2444 on the southwestern Iberian Margin, documenting regional vegetation responses to orbital and millennial-scale climate changes over the last 28 ka. The chronology of these records is based on high-resolution radiocarbon dates of monospecific samples of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides, measured from SHAK06-5K and MD01-2444 and aligned using an automated stratigraphical alignment method. Changes in temperate and steppe vegetation during Marine Isotope Stage 2 are closely coupled with sea surface temperature (SST) and global ice-volume changes. The peak expansion of thermophilous woodland between ~10.1 and 8.4 cal ka bp lags behind the boreal summer insolation maximum by ~2 ka, possibly arising from residual high-latitude ice-sheets into the Holocene. Rapid changes in pollen percentages are coeval with abrupt transitions in SSTs, precipitation and winter temperature at the onset and end of Heinrich Stadial 2, the ice-rafted debris event and end of Heinrich Stadial 1, and the onset of the Younger Dryas, suggesting extrinsically forced southwestern Iberian ecosystem changes by abrupt North Atlantic climate events. In contrast, the abrupt decline in thermophilous elements at ~7.8 cal ka bp indicates an intrinsically mediated abrupt vegetation response to the gradually declining boreal insolation, potentially resulting from the crossing of a seasonality of precipitation threshold.

Published
2022
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30. The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : health at the mercy of fossil fuels

Author

Romanello, Marina, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Green, Carole, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Scamman, Daniel, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Ford, Lea Berrang, Belesova, Kristine, Bowen, Kathryn, Cai, Wenjia, Callaghan, Max, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, van Daalen, Kim R., Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L, Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hamilton, Ian, Hang, Yun, Hänninen, Risto, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Hess, Jeremy J., Hsu, Shih-Che, Jankin, Slava, Jamart, Louis, Jay, Ollie, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K. W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Batista, Martin Lotto, Lowe, Rachel, MacGuire, Frances, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Minx, Jan C., Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, O'Hare, Megan B., Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth J. Z., Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi D., Shi, Liuhua, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Silbert, Grant, Sofiev, Mikhail, Springmann, Marco, Stowell, Jennifer, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias-González, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Romanello, Marina, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Green, Carole, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Scamman, Daniel, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Ford, Lea Berrang, Belesova, Kristine, Bowen, Kathryn, Cai, Wenjia, Callaghan, Max, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, van Daalen, Kim R., Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L, Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hamilton, Ian, Hang, Yun, Hänninen, Risto, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Hess, Jeremy J., Hsu, Shih-Che, Jankin, Slava, Jamart, Louis, Jay, Ollie, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K. W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Batista, Martin Lotto, Lowe, Rachel, MacGuire, Frances, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Minx, Jan C., Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, O'Hare, Megan B., Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth J. Z., Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi D., Shi, Liuhua, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Silbert, Grant, Sofiev, Mikhail, Springmann, Marco, Stowell, Jennifer, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias-González, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

Correction: Department of Error, The Lancet, Volume 400, Issue 10364, 2022, Page 1680, ISSN 0140-6736, DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02169-9.

Published
2022
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31. The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change:health at the mercy of fossil fuels

Author

Romanello, Marina, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Green, Carole, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Scamman, Daniel, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Ford, Lea Berrang, Belesova, Kristine, Bowen, Kathryn, Cai, Wenjia, Callaghan, Max, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, van Daalen, Kim R., Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hamilton, Ian, Hang, Yun, Hänninen, Risto, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Hess, Jeremy J., Hsu, Shih Che, Jankin, Slava, Jamart, Louis, Jay, Ollie, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K.W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Batista, Martin Lotto, Lowe, Rachel, MacGuire, Frances, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Minx, Jan C., Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, O'Hare, Megan B., Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth J.Z., Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi D., Shi, Liuhua, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Silbert, Grant, Sofiev, Mikhail, Springmann, Marco, Stowell, Jennifer, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias-González, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Romanello, Marina, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Green, Carole, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Scamman, Daniel, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Ford, Lea Berrang, Belesova, Kristine, Bowen, Kathryn, Cai, Wenjia, Callaghan, Max, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, van Daalen, Kim R., Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hamilton, Ian, Hang, Yun, Hänninen, Risto, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Hess, Jeremy J., Hsu, Shih Che, Jankin, Slava, Jamart, Louis, Jay, Ollie, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K.W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Batista, Martin Lotto, Lowe, Rachel, MacGuire, Frances, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Minx, Jan C., Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, O'Hare, Megan B., Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth J.Z., Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi D., Shi, Liuhua, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Silbert, Grant, Sofiev, Mikhail, Springmann, Marco, Stowell, Jennifer, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias-González, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown is published as the world confronts profound and concurrent systemic shocks. Countries and health systems continue to contend with the health, social, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, while Russia's invasion of Ukraine and a persistent fossil fuel overdependence has pushed the world into global energy and cost-of-living crises. As these crises unfold, climate change escalates unabated. Its worsening impacts are increasingly affecting the foundations of human health and wellbeing, exacerbating the vulnerability of the world's populations to concurrent health threats. During 2021 and 2022, extreme weather events caused devastation across every continent, adding further pressure to health services already grappling with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Floods in Australia, Brazil, China, western Europe, Malaysia, Pakistan, South Africa, and South Sudan caused thousands of deaths, displaced hundreds of thousands of people, and caused billions of dollars in economic losses. Wildfires caused devastation in Canada, the USA, Greece, Algeria, Italy, Spain, and Türkiye, and record temperatures were recorded in many countries, including Australia, Canada, India, Italy, Oman, Türkiye, Pakistan, and the UK. With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneously, the changing climate is affecting the spread of infectious diseases, putting populations at higher risk of emerging

Published
2022

32. A practical solution: the Anthropocene is a geological event, not a formal epoch

Author

Gibbard, Philip, Bauer, Andrew M., Edgeworth, Matthew, Ruddiman, William, Gill, Jacquelyn L., Merritts, Dorothy, Finney, Stanley, Edwards, Lucy E., Walker, Michael J. C., Maslin, Mark, Ellis, Erle C., Gibbard, Philip, Bauer, Andrew M., Edgeworth, Matthew, Ruddiman, William, Gill, Jacquelyn L., Merritts, Dorothy, Finney, Stanley, Edwards, Lucy E., Walker, Michael J. C., Maslin, Mark, and Ellis, Erle C.

Abstract

The Anthropocene has yet to be defined in a way that is functional both to the international geological community and to the broader fields of environmental and social sciences. Formally defining the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphical series and geochronological epoch with a precise global start date would drastically reduce the Anthropocene’s utility across disciplines. Instead, we propose the Anthropocene be defined as a geological event, thereby facilitating a robust geological definition linked with a scholarly framework more useful to and congruent with the many disciplines engaging with human-environment interactions. Unlike formal epochal definitions, geological events can recognize the spatial and temporal heterogeneity and diverse social and environmental processes that interact to produce anthropogenic global environmental changes. Consequently, an Anthropocene Event would incorporate a far broader range of transformative human cultural practices and would be more readily applicable across academic fields than an Anthropocene Epoch, while still enabling a robust stratigraphic characterization.

Published
2022

33. The Anthropocene as an Event, not an Epoch

Author

Gibbard, Philip, Walker, Michael J. C., Bauer, Andrew, Edgeworth, Matthew, Edwards, Lucy, Ellis, Erle, Finney, Stanley, Gill, Jacquelyn L., Maslin, Mark, Merritts, Dorothy, Ruddiman, William, Gibbard, Philip, Walker, Michael J. C., Bauer, Andrew, Edgeworth, Matthew, Edwards, Lucy, Ellis, Erle, Finney, Stanley, Gill, Jacquelyn L., Maslin, Mark, Merritts, Dorothy, and Ruddiman, William

Abstract

Over the course of the last decade the concept of the Anthropocene has become widely established within and beyond the geoscientific literature but its boundaries remain undefined. Formal definition of the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphical series and geochronological epoch following the Holocene, at a fixed horizon and with a precise global start date, has been proposed, but fails to account for the diachronic nature of human impacts on global environmental systems during the late Quaternary. By contrast, defining the Anthropocene as an ongoing geological event more closely reflects the reality of both historical and ongoing human–environment interactions, encapsulating spatial and temporal heterogeneity, as well as diverse social and environmental processes that characterize anthropogenic global changes. Thus, an Anthropocene Event incorporates a substantially wider range of anthropogenic environmental and cultural effects, while at the same time applying more readily in different academic contexts than would be the case with a rigidly defined Anthropocene Series/Epoch.

Published
2022

34. The Anthropocene serves science better as an event, rather than an epoch

Author

Edwards, Lucy E., Bauer, Andrew, Edgeworth, Matthew, Ellis, Erle, Finney, Stanley, Gibbard, Philip, Gill, Jacquelyn L., Maslin, Mark, Merritts, Dorothy, Ruddiman, William, Walker, Michael J. C., Edwards, Lucy E., Bauer, Andrew, Edgeworth, Matthew, Ellis, Erle, Finney, Stanley, Gibbard, Philip, Gill, Jacquelyn L., Maslin, Mark, Merritts, Dorothy, Ruddiman, William, and Walker, Michael J. C.

Published
2022

37. Defining the Anthropocene

Author

Lewis, Simon L. and Maslin, Mark A.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Time is divided by geologists according to marked shifts in Earth's state. Recent global environmental changes suggest that Earth may have entered a new human-dominated geological epoch, the Anthropocene. Here we review the historical genesis of the idea and assess anthropogenic signatures in the geological record against the formal requirements for the recognition of a new epoch. The evidence suggests that of the various proposed dates two do appear to conform to the criteria to mark the beginning of the Anthropocene: 1610 and 1964. The formal establishment of an Anthropocene Epoch would mark a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system., Human activity has been a geologically recent, yet profound, influence on the global environment. The magnitude, variety and longevity of human-induced changes, including land surface transformation and changing the composition [...]

Published
2015
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41. In retrospect: Forty years of linking orbits to ice ages

Author

Maslin, Mark

Subjects
Orbits (Astrophysics) -- Natural history, Ice ages -- Natural history, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Mark Maslin (corresponding author) [1] Forty years ago, Hays, Imbrie and Shackleton [1] published one of the most influential papers in the study of Earth's past climate. The authors [...]

Published
2016
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45. The 2021 report on the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : code red for a healthy future

Author

Romanello, Marina, McGushin, Alice, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Hughes, Nick, Jamart, Louis, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Rodriguez, Baltazar Solano, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Chu, Lingzhi, Ciampi, Luisa, Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shoura, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie, Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis, Georgeson, Lucien, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Heaviside, C., Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih-Che, Jankin, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, J., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Y, Liu, Z., Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris, Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, Odhiambo Sewe, Maquins, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee, Semenza, Jan, Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, J, Trinanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias, Marisol, Zhang, S, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, and Hamilton, Ian

Published
2021

46. The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : responding to converging crises

Author

Watts, Nick, Amann, Markus, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Beagley, Jessica, Belesova, Kristine, Boykoff, Maxwell, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Coleman, Samantha, Dalin, Carole, Daly, Meaghan, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Di Napoli, Claudia, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Drummond, Paul, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Golder, Su, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Haggar, Paul, Hamilton, Ian, Hartinger, Stella, Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih-Che, Hughes, Nick, Jankin Mikhaylov, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia P., Kelman, Ilan, Kennard, Harry, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick L., Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lampard, Pete, Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Milner, James, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Quinn, Ruth, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Romanello, Marina, Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Watts, Nick, Amann, Markus, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Beagley, Jessica, Belesova, Kristine, Boykoff, Maxwell, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Coleman, Samantha, Dalin, Carole, Daly, Meaghan, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Di Napoli, Claudia, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Drummond, Paul, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Golder, Su, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Haggar, Paul, Hamilton, Ian, Hartinger, Stella, Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih-Che, Hughes, Nick, Jankin Mikhaylov, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia P., Kelman, Ilan, Kennard, Harry, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick L., Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lampard, Pete, Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Milner, James, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Quinn, Ruth, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Romanello, Marina, Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the emerging health profile of the changing climate. The 2020 report presents 43 indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerabilities; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. This report represents the findings and consensus of the 35 leading academic institutions and UN agencies that make up The Lancet Countdown, and draws on the expertise of climate scientists, geographers, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport, economists, social, and political scientists, data scientists, public health professionals, and doctors.

Published
2021
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47. Abrupt intrinsic and extrinsic responses of southwestern Iberian vegetation to millennial‐scale variability over the past 28 ka

Author

Cutmore, Anna, Ausín, Blanca, Maslin, Mark, Eglinton, Timothy, Hodell, David, Muschitiello, Francesco, Menviel, Laurie, Haghipour, Negar, Martrat, Belen, Margari, Vasiliki, Tzedakis, Polychronis C., Cutmore, Anna, Ausín, Blanca, Maslin, Mark, Eglinton, Timothy, Hodell, David, Muschitiello, Francesco, Menviel, Laurie, Haghipour, Negar, Martrat, Belen, Margari, Vasiliki, and Tzedakis, Polychronis C.

Abstract

We present new high-resolution pollen records combined with palaeoceanographic proxies from the same samples in deep-sea cores SHAK06-5K and MD01-2444 on the southwestern Iberian Margin, documenting regional vegetation responses to orbital and millennial-scale climate changes over the last 28 ka. The chronology of these records is based on high-resolution radiocarbon dates of monospecific samples of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides, measured from SHAK06-5K and MD01-2444 and aligned using an automated stratigraphical alignment method. Changes in temperate and steppe vegetation during Marine Isotope Stage 2 are closely coupled with sea surface temperature (SST) and global ice-volume changes. The peak expansion of thermophilous woodland between ~10.1 and 8.4 cal ka bp lags behind the boreal summer insolation maximum by ~2 ka, possibly arising from residual high-latitude ice-sheets into the Holocene. Rapid changes in pollen percentages are coeval with abrupt transitions in SSTs, precipitation and winter temperature at the onset and end of Heinrich Stadial 2, the ice-rafted debris event and end of Heinrich Stadial 1, and the onset of the Younger Dryas, suggesting extrinsically forced southwestern Iberian ecosystem changes by abrupt North Atlantic climate events. In contrast, the abrupt decline in thermophilous elements at ~7.8 cal ka bp indicates an intrinsically mediated abrupt vegetation response to the gradually declining boreal insolation, potentially resulting from the crossing of a seasonality of precipitation threshold.

Published
2021
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48. Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, African climate and human evolution

Author

Trauth, Martin H., Asrat, Asfawossen, Berner, Nadine, Bibi, Faysal, Foerster, Verena, Grove, Matt, Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie, Maslin, Mark A., Mudelsee, Manfred, Schaebitz, Frank, Trauth, Martin H., Asrat, Asfawossen, Berner, Nadine, Bibi, Faysal, Foerster, Verena, Grove, Matt, Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie, Maslin, Mark A., Mudelsee, Manfred, and Schaebitz, Frank

Abstract

The hypothesis of a connection between the onset (or intensification) of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, the stepwise increase in African aridity (and climate variability), and an important mammalian (including hominin) species turnover is a textbook example of the initiation of a scientific idea and its propagation in science. It is, however, also an example of the persistent popularity of a hypothesis despite mounting evidence against it. A critical review of key publications on the topic and statistical re-analysis of key records of global ice volume and African climate leads to three conclusions: (1) The Northern Hemisphere Glaciation was a gradual process occurring between similar to 3.5 and 2.5 Ma, not a single event at similar to 2.8 Ma or at any other time. (2) A consistent stepwise (+/-0.2 Ma) transition toward greater aridity in Africa at similar to 2.8 Ma does not exist; instead, there are regionally different, gradual transitions partly in connection with the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, but above all with the establishment of the tropical Walker Circulation after similar to 2 Ma. (3) Mammalian (including hominin) species turnovers at this time also appear to have been gradual, rather than stepwise. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2021

49. Recurring types of variability and transitions in the similar to 620 kyr record of climate change from the Chew Bahir basin, southern Ethiopia

Author

Trauth, Martin H., Asrat, Asfawossen, Cohen, Andrew S., Duesing, Walter, Foerster, Verena, Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie, Kraemer, K. Hauke, Lamb, Henry F., Marwan, Norbert, Maslin, Mark A., Schaebitz, Frank, Trauth, Martin H., Asrat, Asfawossen, Cohen, Andrew S., Duesing, Walter, Foerster, Verena, Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie, Kraemer, K. Hauke, Lamb, Henry F., Marwan, Norbert, Maslin, Mark A., and Schaebitz, Frank

Abstract

The Chew Bahir Drilling Project (CBDP) aims to test possible linkages between climate and hominin evolution in Africa through the analysis of sediment cores that have recorded environmental changes in the Chew Bahir basin (CHB). In this statistical project we used recurrence plots (RPs) together with a recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) to distinguish two types of variability and transitions in the Chew Bahir aridity record and compare them with the ODP Site 967 wetness index from the eastern Mediterranean. The first type of variability is one of slow variations with cycles of similar to 20 kyr, reminiscent of the Earth's precession cycle, and subharmonics of this orbital cycle. In addition to these cyclical wet-dry fluctuations in the area, extreme events often occur, i.e. short wet or dry episodes, lasting for several centuries or even millennia, and rapid transitions between these wet and dry episodes. The second type of variability is characterized by relatively low variation on orbital time scales, but significant century-millennium-scale variations with progressively increasing frequencies. Within this type of variability there are extremely fast transitions between dry and wet within a few decades or years, in contrast to those within Type 1 with transitions over several hundreds of years. Type 1 variability probably reflects the influence of precessional forcing in the lower latitudes at times with maximum values of the long (400 kyr) eccentricity cycle of the Earth's orbit around the sun, with the tendency towards extreme events. Type 2 variability seems to be linked with minimum values of this cycle. There does not seem to be a systematic correlation between Type 1 or Type 2 variability with atmospheric CO2 concentration. The different types of variability and the transitions between those types had important effects on the availability of water, and could have transformed eastern Africa's environment considerably, which would have had important impl

Published
2021

50. The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change:code red for a healthy future

Author

Romanello, Marina, McGushin, Alice, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Hughes, Nick, Jamart, Louis, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Solano Rodriguez, Baltazar, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Chu, Lingzhi, Ciampi, Luisa, Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Heaviside, Clare, Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih Che, Jankin, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia P., Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick L., Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K.W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Trinanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Hamilton, Ian, Romanello, Marina, McGushin, Alice, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Hughes, Nick, Jamart, Louis, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Solano Rodriguez, Baltazar, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Chu, Lingzhi, Ciampi, Luisa, Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Heaviside, Clare, Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih Che, Jankin, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia P., Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick L., Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K.W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Trinanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, and Hamilton, Ian

Published
2021

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