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3. The French National Animal Health Surveillance Platform: an innovative, cross-sector collaboration to improve surveillance system efficiency in France and a tangible example of the One Health approach

Author

Céline Dupuy, Célia Locquet, Christophe Brard, Laure Dommergues, Eva Faure, Kristel Gache, Renaud Lancelot, Alexandra Mailles, Justine Marchand, Ariane Payne, Anne Touratier, Aurèle Valognes, and Sophie Carles

Subjects
animal health, surveillance, epidemiology, One Health, collaboration, consensus, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

The French National Animal Health Surveillance Platform (NAHSP) was created in 2011. This network of animal health stakeholders was set up to improve surveillance efficiency for all health risks that threaten animal health, as well as zoonoses affecting human health. The NAHSP steering committee decides on the strategies and program of activities. It is composed of 11 institutions from both public and private sectors (policy-makers, scientific institutions, and representatives of farmers, veterinarians, hunters, and laboratories). A coordination team guarantees the implementation of the program and facilitates the activities of different working groups (WGs). Each WG is composed of technical experts with scientific, legal, and field knowledge from the sectors of animal health (livestock, companion animals, and wildlife), human health, and environmental health. Some WGs focus on a specific disease or health indicator, such as African swine fever or cattle mortality, while others cover cross-cutting topics, such as epidemic intelligence (EI), or specialize in aiding epidemiological investigations, such as the Q fever WG. The NAHSP stands out for its innovative approach because it is based on the concepts of consensus-building among participants, fostering collaboration, and embracing interdisciplinarity. Each proposal designed to improve surveillance is jointly developed by all the stakeholders involved, thereby ensuring its sustainability and acceptability among stakeholders. This process also has added value for decision-makers. As a pioneer platform, the NAHSP inspired the creation of two additional national surveillance platforms in 2018, one for plant health and the other for food chain safety. Both are organized in the same way as the NAHSP, which created a framework to place the emphasis on a One Health approach. For instance, four WGs are common to the three national surveillance platforms. This article aims to present this innovative approach to improve surveillance efficiency that could be of interest to other European countries or that could be rolled out at the European level.

Published
2024
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4. La perception du numérique en pédagogie universitaire aujourd’hui, entre transformations et permanences : résultats d’une enquête à l’Université de Strasbourg

Author

Sophie Kennel, Stéphane Guillon, and Stéphanie Mailles-Viard Metz

Subjects
Distance learning, Hybridation, Higher education, Digital use, Instructional design, Covid-19, Education
Abstract

Based on a survey of faculty teachers at the University of Strasbourg in France, we analyze the perceptions of 418 respondents to a survey about their teaching experience during the two periods of online teaching in 2020 and 2021. Our results show, not surprisingly, a negative feeling. 79% of respondents consider the teaching experience since March 2020 to have been difficult or very difficult, and 51% give negative feedback. A comparison of the responses between those who expressed a negative impression and those who considered themselves rather satisfied with the experience points to the following main differences: the difficulty in mastering the tools and solving the technical problems to teach and produce teaching materials, the pedagogical relationship with the student, and the ability to adapt one’s teaching practices to the distance, particularly related to the lack of time. We note, however, that it is not so much digital competence or practice that marks the differences than perception of the relationship with the student and of pedagogical practices and skills.

Published
2024
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6. Functional outcome after infectious encephalitis: a longitudinal multicentre prospective cohort study

Author

Abgrall, Sophie, Baille, Guillaume, Baldolli, Aurélie, Bertrand, Kevin, Biberon, Julien, Biron, Charlotte, Blanchet-Fourcade, Geneviève, Blot, Mathieu, Bonnetain, Anne, Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth, Boutoille, David, Brasme, Hélène, Bruel, Cédric, Buzele, Rodolphe, Canouï, Etienne, Castan, Bernard, Cazanave, Charles, Cazorla, Céline, Challan-Belval, Thibault, Chavanet, Pascal, Chirouze, Catherine, Chroboczek, Tomasz, Courjon, Johan, De Broucker, Thomas, De La Blanchardière, Arnaud, de Montmollin, Etienne, Denes, Eric, Dinh, Aurélien, Epaulard, Olivier, Fillatre, Pierre, Forestier, Emmanuel, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Gaillard, Nicolas, Gautier, Julien, Goehringer, François, Gravier, Simon, Gueit, Isabelle, Guimard, Thomas, Henry, Carole, Herbrecht, Jean-Etienne, Jomier, Fanny, Jurici, Snejana, Kerneis, Solene, Krause, Jessica, Le Cam, Manuela, Le Marechal, Marion, Le Moal, Gwenael, Le Turnier, Paul, Lecomte, Raphael, Lecompte, Anne-Sophie, Lefaucheur, Romain, Lesieur, Olivier, Lesprit, Philippe, Louis, Guillaume, Mahieu, Rafael, Makinson, Alain, Marc, Guillaune, Maria, Alexandre, Marin, Nathalie, Martin-Blondel, Guillaume, Martinot, Martin, Mas, Alexandre, Mateu, Philippe, Maulin, Laurence, Mechai, Frédéric, Mutez, Eugénie, Orain, Jérémie, Schieber-Pachart, Anne, Pansu, Nathalie, Patrat-Delon, Solene, Pavese, Patricia, Pelerin, Hélène, Pelonde-Erimée, Véronique, Ponscarme, Diane, Puges, Mathilde, Roubeau, Vincent, Ruch, Yvon, Runge, Isabelle, Sonneville, Romain, Tattevin, Pierre, Touati, Saber, Turmel, Jean-Marie, Tyvaert, Isabelle, Vareil, Marc-Olivier, Vitrat, Virginie, Wille, Heidi, Zuber, Mathieu, Canet, Emmanuel, Reignier, Jean, Wang, Adrien, Almoyna-Martinez, Laurent, Bouchaud, Olivier, de Broucker, Thomas, Bruneel, Fabrice, Herrmann, Jean-Louis, Honnorat, Jérome, Mailles, Alexandra, Morand, Patrice, Raffi, François, Roblot, France, Stahl, Jean-Paul, Fillâtre, Pierre, Stahl, Jean Paul, and Garlantezec, Ronan

Published
2024
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8. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant on incubation, transmission settings and vaccine effectiveness: Results from a nationwide case-control study in France

Author

Grant, Rebecca, Charmet, Tiffany, Schaeffer, Laura, Galmiche, Simon, Madec, Yoann, Von Platen, Cassandre, Chény, Olivia, Omar, Faïza, David, Christophe, Rogoff, Alexandra, Paireau, Juliette, Cauchemez, Simon, Carrat, Fabrice, Septfons, Alexandra, Levy-Bruhl, Daniel, Mailles, Alexandra, and Fontanet, Arnaud

Published
2022
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9. Impact of original, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351/P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineages on vaccine effectiveness of two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Results from a nationwide case-control study in France

Author

Charmet, Tiffany, Schaeffer, Laura, Grant, Rebecca, Galmiche, Simon, Chény, Olivia, Von Platen, Cassandre, Maurizot, Alexandra, Rogoff, Alexandra, Omar, Faïza, David, Christophe, Septfons, Alexandra, Cauchemez, Simon, Gaymard, Alexandre, Lina, Bruno, Lefrancois, Louise H, Enouf, Vincent, van der Werf, Sylvie, Mailles, Alexandra, Levy-Bruhl, Daniel, Carrat, Fabrice, and Fontanet, Arnaud

Published
2021
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11. Joint ESCMID, FEMS, IDSA, ISID and SSI position paper on the fair handling of career breaks among physicians and scientists when assessing eligibility for early-career awards

Author

Huttner, Angela, Bricheux, Alice, Buurmeijer-van Dijk, Carianne J.M., Harvey, Matthew, Holmes, Alison, Lassmann, Britta, Lavergne, Valéry, Mailles, Alexandra, Mendelson, Marc, Muller, Nicolas, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Sears, Cynthia, Skevaki, Chrysanthi, Syed, Uzma, Thomas, Salandra, and Swartz, Talia H.

Published
2021
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12. The French National Animal Health Surveillance Platform: an innovative, cross-sector collaboration to improve surveillance system efficiency in France and a tangible example of the One Health approach.

Author

Dupuy, Céline, Locquet, Célia, Brard, Christophe, Dommergues, Laure, Faure, Eva, Gache, Kristel, Lancelot, Renaud, Mailles, Alexandra, Marchand, Justine, Payne, Ariane, Touratier, Anne, Valognes, Aurèle, and Carles, Sophie

Subjects
ANIMAL health surveillance, AFRICAN swine fever, ANIMAL health, Q fever, ENVIRONMENTAL health
Abstract

The French National Animal Health Surveillance Platform (NAHSP) was created in 2011. This network of animal health stakeholders was set up to improve surveillance efficiency for all health risks that threaten animal health, as well as zoonoses affecting human health. The NAHSP steering committee decides on the strategies and program of activities. It is composed of 11 institutions from both public and private sectors (policy-makers, scientific institutions, and representatives of farmers, veterinarians, hunters, and laboratories). A coordination teamguarantees the implementation of the programand facilitates the activities of different working groups (WGs). Each WG is composed of technical experts with scientific, legal, and field knowledge from the sectors of animal health (livestock, companion animals, and wildlife), human health, and environmental health. Some WGs focus on a specific disease or health indicator, such as African swine fever or cattle mortality, while others cover cross-cutting topics, such as epidemic intelligence (EI), or specialize in aiding epidemiological investigations, such as the Q fever WG. The NAHSP stands out for its innovative approach because it is based on the concepts of consensus-building among participants, fostering collaboration, and embracing interdisciplinarity. Each proposal designed to improve surveillance is jointly developed by all the stakeholders involved, thereby ensuring its sustainability and acceptability among stakeholders. This process also has added value for decision-makers. As a pioneer platform, the NAHSP inspired the creation of two additional national surveillance platforms in 2018, one for plant health and the other for food chain safety. Both are organized in the same way as the NAHSP, which created a framework to place the emphasis on a One Health approach. For instance, four WGs are common to the three national surveillance platforms. This article aims to present this innovative approach to improve surveillance efficiency that could be of interest to other European countries or that could be rolled out at the European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France, 2017–2018

Author

Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Aurelie Velay, Mathilde Guerbois-Galla, Gilda Grard, Claire Bretagne, Alexandra Mailles, Paul O. Verhoeven, Bruno Pozzetto, Sylvie Gonzalo, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, and Sylvie Pillet

Subjects
emergence, France, tickborne encephalitis virus, tickborne encephalitis, TBE, viruses, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Three autochthonous cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) acquired in rural areas of France where Lyme borreliosis, but not TBE, is endemic highlight the emergence of TBE in new areas. For patients with neurologic involvement who have been in regions where Ixodes ticks circulate, clinicians should test for TBE virus and other tickborne viruses.

Published
2019
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18. Update in Neurocritical Care: a summary of the 2018 Paris international conference of the French Society of Intensive Care

Author

Mauro Oddo, Serge Bracard, Alain Cariou, Gérald Chanques, Giuseppe Citerio, Béatrix Clerckx, Bertrand Godeau, Anne Godier, Janneke Horn, Samir Jaber, Boris Jung, Khaldoun Kuteifan, Marc Leone, Alexandra Mailles, Mikael Mazighi, Bruno Mégarbane, Hervé Outin, Louis Puybasset, Tarek Sharshar, Claudio Sandroni, Romain Sonneville, Nicolas Weiss, and Fabio Silvio Taccone

Subjects
Neurocritical care, Neurointensive care, Expert review, Update, Brain injury, Delirium, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Abstract The 2018 Paris Intensive Care symposium entitled “Update in Neurocritical Care” was organized in Paris, June 21–22, 2018, under the auspices of the French Intensive Care Society. This 2-day post-graduate educational symposium comprised several chapters, aiming first to provide all-board intensivists with current standards for the clinical assessment of altered consciousness states (including coma and delirium) and peripheral nervous system in critically ill patients, monitoring of brain function (specifically, electro-encephalography) and best practices for sedation—analgesia—delirium management. An update on the treatment of specific severe brain pathologies—including ischaemic/haemorrhagic stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury, immune-mediated and infectious encephalitis and refractory status epilepticus—was also provided. Finally, we discuss how to approach some difficult decisions, namely the role of decompressive craniectomy and prognostication models in patients with head injury. For each chapter, the scope of the present review was to provide important issues and key messages, provide most recent and relevant literature in the field, and briefly describe new developments in the field.

Published
2019
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19. SARS-CoV-2 incubation period across variants of concern, individual factors, and circumstances of infection in France: a case series analysis from the ComCor study

Author

Simon Galmiche, Thomas Cortier, Tiffany Charmet, Laura Schaeffer, Olivia Chény, Cassandre von Platen, Anne Lévy, Sophie Martin, Faïza Omar, Christophe David, Alexandra Mailles, Fabrice Carrat, Simon Cauchemez, and Arnaud Fontanet

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Virology, Microbiology
Published
2023
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20. Case Definitions, Diagnostic Algorithms, and Priorities in Encephalitis: Consensus Statement of the International Encephalitis Consortium

Author

Venkatesan, A, Tunkel, AR, Bloch, KC, Lauring, AS, Sejvar, J, Bitnun, A, Stahl, J-P, Mailles, A, Drebot, M, Rupprecht, CE, Yoder, J, Cope, JR, Wilson, MR, Whitley, RJ, Sullivan, J, Granerod, J, Jones, C, Eastwood, K, Ward, KN, Durrheim, DN, Solbrig, MV, Guo-Dong, L, Glaser, CA, Sheriff, Heather, Brown, David, Farnon, Eileen, Messenger, Sharon, Paterson, Beverley, Soldatos, Ariane, Roy, Sharon, Visvesvara, Govinda, Beach, Michael, Nasci, Roger, Pertowski, Carol, Schmid, Scott, Rascoe, Lisa, Montgomery, Joel, Tong, Suxiang, Breiman, Robert, Franka, Richard, Keuhnert, Matt, Angulo, Fred, and Cherry, James

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infection, Adult, Algorithms, Child, Consensus, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, Encephalitis, Humans, encephalitis, guidelines, viral, autoimmune, host genetics, International Encephalitis Consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundEncephalitis continues to result in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in diagnosis and management have been limited, in part, by a lack of consensus on case definitions, standardized diagnostic approaches, and priorities for research.MethodsIn March 2012, the International Encephalitis Consortium, a committee begun in 2010 with members worldwide, held a meeting in Atlanta to discuss recent advances in encephalitis and to set priorities for future study.ResultsWe present a consensus document that proposes a standardized case definition and diagnostic guidelines for evaluation of adults and children with suspected encephalitis. In addition, areas of research priority, including host genetics and selected emerging infections, are discussed.ConclusionsWe anticipate that this document, representing a synthesis of our discussions and supported by literature, will serve as a practical aid to clinicians evaluating patients with suspected encephalitis and will identify key areas and approaches to advance our knowledge of encephalitis.

Published
2013

26. Estimated incubation period distributions of mpox using cases from two international European festivals and outbreaks in a club in Berlin, May to June 2022

Author

McFarland, Sarah E, primary, Marcus, Ulrich, additional, Hemmers, Lukas, additional, Miura, Fuminari, additional, Iñigo Martínez, Jesús, additional, Martínez, Fernando Martín, additional, Montalbán, Elisa Gil, additional, Chazelle, Emilie, additional, Mailles, Alexandra, additional, Silue, Yassoungo, additional, Hammami, Naïma, additional, Lecompte, Amaryl, additional, Ledent, Nicolas, additional, Vanden Berghe, Wim, additional, Liesenborghs, Laurens, additional, Van den Bossche, Dorien, additional, Cleary, Paul R, additional, Wallinga, Jacco, additional, Robinson, Eve P, additional, Johansen, Tone Bjordal, additional, Bormane, Antra, additional, Melillo, Tanya, additional, Seidl, Cornelia, additional, Coyer, Liza, additional, Boberg, Ronja, additional, Jurke, Annette, additional, Werber, Dirk, additional, and Bartel, Alexander, additional

Published
2023
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28. SARS-CoV-2 self-test uptake and factors associated with self-testing during Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 waves in France, January to May 2022

Author

Supplisson, Olivier, primary, Charmet, Tiffany, additional, Galmiche, Simon, additional, Schaeffer, Laura, additional, Chény, Olivia, additional, Lévy, Anne, additional, Jeandet, Nathan, additional, Omar, Faïza, additional, David, Christophe, additional, Mailles, Alexandra, additional, and Fontanet, Arnaud, additional

Published
2023
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29. SARS-CoV-2 self-test uptake and factors associated with self-testing during Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 waves in France, January to May 2022

Author

Olivier Supplisson, Tiffany Charmet, Simon Galmiche, Laura Schaeffer, Olivia Chény, Anne Lévy, Nathan Jeandet, Faïza Omar, Christophe David, Alexandra Mailles, and Arnaud Fontanet

Subjects
Epidemiology, Virology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract

Background Following the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spread, the use of unsupervised antigenic rapid diagnostic tests (self-tests) increased. Aim This study aimed to measure self-test uptake and factors associated with self-testing. Methods In this cross-sectional study from 20 January to 2 May 2022, the case series from a case–control study on factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were used to analyse self-testing habits in France. A multivariable quasi-Poisson regression was used to explore the variables associated with self-testing among symptomatic cases who were not contacts of another infected individual. The control series from the same study was used as a proxy for the self-test background rate in the non-infected population of France. Results During the study period, 179,165 cases who tested positive through supervised tests were recruited. Of these, 64.7% had performed a self-test in the 3 days preceding this supervised test, of which 79,038 (68.2%) were positive. The most frequently reported reason for self-testing was the presence of symptoms (64.6%). Among symptomatic cases who were not aware of being contacts of another case, self-testing was positively associated with being female, higher education, household size, being a teacher and negatively associated with older age, not French by birth, healthcare-related work and immunosuppression. Among the control series, 12% self-tested during the 8 days preceding questionnaire filling, with temporal heterogeneity. Conclusion The analysis showed high self-test uptake in France with some inequalities which must be addressed through education and facilitated access (cost and availability) for making it a more efficient epidemic control tool.

Published
2023
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30. Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis: An Update

Author

Jean Paul STAHL and Alexandra MAILLES

Subjects
Acyclovir, herpes simplex virus, sequelae, auto-immune encephalitis, ganciclovir, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most frequent cause of sporadic infective encephalitis in adults. Despite antiviral therapies, the case fatality rate is moderate to high (5 to 30% according studies and countries). Tools for diagnosis are specific polymerase chain reaction testing of the cerebrospinal fluid on one hand and magnetic resonance imaging on the other hand. Guidelines of various countries recommend systematic treatment by acyclovir 10 mg/kg, three times a day, starting before microbiological confirmation. The remaining question is the usefulness of corticosteroids. This question is related to the frequency of late sequalae (30 to 40% of patients) and the recent demonstration of auto-immune encephalitis triggered by HSV encephalitis. These two possible complications suggest the usefulness of steroids as prophylactic treatment but specific clinical trials are needed for confirmation. Genetic features were recently identified, explaining encephalitis occurrence in some patients, but do not explain all cases so far.

Published
2018
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31. Changing profile of encephalitis: Results of a 4-year study in France

Author

A. Mailles, X. Argemi, C. Biron, P. Fillatre, T. De Broucker, R. Buzelé, A. Gagneux-Brunon, I. Gueit, C. Henry, S. Patrat-Delon, A. Makinson, E. Piet, H. Wille, M.O. Vareil, O. Epaulard, M. Martinot, P. Tattevin, J.P. Stahl, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Yves le Foll, Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Annecy-Genevois [Saint-Julien-en-Genevois], Le CHCB, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), CH Colmar, ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), This study was funded by the French Infectious Diseases Society (Société de pathologie de langue française)., Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque (CHCB), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
Adult, Etiology, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cohort, Hospitals, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Encephalitis, Humans, France, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Outcome
Abstract

International audience; CONTEXT: In 2007, we performed a nationwide prospective study to assess the epidemiology of encephalitis in France. We aimed to evaluate epidemiological changes 10years later. METHODS: We performed a 4-year prospective cohort study in France (ENCEIF) from 2016 to 2019. Medical history, comorbidities, as well as clinical, biological, imaging, and demographic data were collected. For the comparison analysis, we selected similar data from adult patients enrolled in the 2007 study. We used Stata statistical software, version 15 (Stata Corp). Indicative variable distributions were compared using Pearson’s Chi(2) test, and means were compared using Student’s t-test for continuous variables. RESULTS: We analyzed 494 cases from 62 hospitals. A causative agent was identified in 65.7% of cases. Viruses represented 81.8% of causative agents, Herpesviridae being the most frequent (63.6%). Arboviruses accounted for 10.8%. Bacteria and parasites were responsible for respectively 14.8% and 1.2% of documented cases. Zoonotic infections represented 21% of cases. When comparing ENCEIF with the 2007 cohort (222 adults patients from 59 hospitals), a higher proportion of etiologies were obtained in 2016-2019 (66% vs. 53%). Between 2007 and 2016-2019, the proportions of Herpes simplex virus and Listeria encephalitis cases remained similar, but the proportion of tuberculosis cases decreased (P=0.0001), while tick-borne encephalitis virus (P=0.01) and VZV cases (P=0.03) increased. In the 2016-2019 study, 32 causative agents were identified, whereas only 17 were identified in the 2007 study. CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize the need to regularly perform such studies to monitor the evolution of infectious encephalitis and to adapt guidelines.

Published
2022
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32. Additional file 1 of Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 intra-household child-to-parent transmission associated with ventilation: results from a case–control study

Author

Galmiche, Simon, Charmet, Tiffany, Madec, Yoann, Rakover, Arthur, Schaeffer, Laura, Chény, Olivia, Omar, Faïza, Martin, Sophie, Mailles, Alexandra, Carrat, Fabrice, and Fontanet, Arnaud

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Index cases reporting household contamination from their child, both overall and restricted to the subpopulation of index cases with a partner participating in this study as a related control. Table S2. Sensitivity analysis including in the study population the households other than parental pairs exposed to the same infected child and exposures associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Published
2023
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41. Guidelines for the management of accidental exposure to Brucella in a country with no case of brucellosis in ruminant animals

Author

Pierre Tattevin, J.-P. Lavigne, Jean-Louis Herrmann, G. Deffontaines, Jean-Pierre Bru, Jean-François Gehanno, Albert Sotto, N. Godefroy, Didier Lepelletier, E. Haddad, B. Castan, Alexandra Mailles, and Jean-Paul Stahl

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, biology, Brucellosis, Ruminants, Brucella, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Accidental exposure, Infectious Diseases, Ruminant, Practice Guidelines as Topic, medicine, Animals, Humans
Published
2020
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42. Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series

Author

Bruno Lina, M. Valette, Paul-Henri Wicky, Lila Bouadma, Alexandre Gaymard, Duc Bao Nguyen, Alexandra Mailles, Flora Donati, Quentin Le Hingrat, Xavier Duval, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Marion Parisey, Denis Malvy, Jean-François Timsit, Nadhira Houhou-Fidouh, Sylvie Behillil, Diane Descamps, François-Xavier Lescure, Vincent Enouf, Jean-Christophe Lucet, M. Bouscambert-Duchamp, Sylvie van-der-Werf, Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Réanimation médicale et infectieuse - Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care [Paris], Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Virologie [Lyon], Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Virpath-Grippe, de l'émergence au contrôle -- Virpath-Influenza, from emergence to control (Virpath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Virologie [CHU Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Plateforme de Microbiologie Mutualisée (PIBnet) - Mutualized Platform for Microbiology (P2M), Pasteur International Bioresources network (PIBNet), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Infection Control Unit [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research [Paris], CIC Hôpital Bichat, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-UFR de Médecine, REACTing (Research & Action Emerging Infectious Diseases)., ANR-20-COVI-0035,COCONEL,COronavirus et CONfinement : Enquête Longitudinale(2020), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-UFR de Médecine-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, China, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumonia, Viral, Disease, Urine, medicine.disease_cause, Virus, IDLIC, Betacoronavirus, Feces, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nasopharynx, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Infection control, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pandemics, Coronavirus, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Viral Load, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Natural history, Pneumonia, Blood, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, RNA, Viral, Female, France, Coronavirus Infections, business, Viral load
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND:On Dec 31, 2019, China reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia in people at Wuhan, Hubei Province. The responsible pathogen is a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report the relevant features of the first cases in Europe of confirmed infection, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the first patient diagnosed with the disease on Jan 24, 2020.METHODS:In this case series, we followed five patients admitted to Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital (Paris, France) and Pellegrin University Hospital (Bordeaux, France) and diagnosed with COVID-19 by semi-quantitative RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. We assessed patterns of clinical disease and viral load from different samples (nasopharyngeal and blood, urine, and stool samples), which were obtained once daily for 3 days from hospital admission, and once every 2 or 3 days until patient discharge. All samples were refrigerated and shipped to laboratories in the National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses (The Institut Pasteur, Paris, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France), where RNA extraction, real-time RT-PCR, and virus isolation and titration procedures were done.FINDINGS:The patients were three men (aged 31 years, 48 years, and 80 years) and two women (aged 30 years and 46 years), all of Chinese origin, who had travelled to France from China around mid-January, 2020. Three different clinical evolutions are described: (1) two paucisymptomatic women diagnosed within a day of exhibiting symptoms, with high nasopharyngeal titres of SARS-CoV-2 within the first 24 h of the illness onset (5·2 and 7·4 log10 copies per 1000 cells, respectively) and viral RNA detection in stools; (2) a two-step disease progression in two young men, with a secondary worsening around 10 days after disease onset despite a decreasing viral load in nasopharyngeal samples; and (3) an 80-year-old man with a rapid evolution towards multiple organ failure and a persistent high viral load in lower and upper respiratory tract with systemic virus dissemination and virus detection in plasma. The 80-year-old patient died on day 14 of illness (Feb 14, 2020); all other patients had recovered and been discharged by Feb 19, 2020.INTERPRETATION:We illustrated three different clinical and biological types of evolution in five patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 with detailed and comprehensive viral sampling strategy. We believe that these findings will contribute to a better understanding of the natural history of the disease and will contribute to advances in the implementation of more efficient infection control strategies.

Published
2020
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43. Impact of the Omicron variant on SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in France, March 2021 to February 2022

Author

Jonathan Bastard, Benjamin Taisne, Julie Figoni, Alexandra Mailles, Julien Durand, Myriam Fayad, Laurence Josset, Anna Maisa, Sylvie van der Werf, Isabelle Parent du Châtelet, Sibylle Bernard-Stoecklin, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris Cité, Equipe HAL, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19 Testing, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, Reinfection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virology, Infectious Desease, SARS-COV 2, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Humans
Abstract

International audience; Since the first reports in summer 2020, SARS-CoV-2 reinfections have raised concerns about the immunogenicity of the virus, which will affect SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology and possibly the burden of COVID-19 on our societies in the future. This study provides data on the frequency and characteristics of possible reinfections, using the French national COVID-19 testing database. The Omicron variant had a large impact on the frequency of possible reinfections in France, which represented 3.8% of all confirmed COVID-19 cases since December 2021.

Published
2022
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44. Le C2i en IUT : une aide aux acteurs impliqués

Author

Chrysta Pélissier and Stéphanie Mailles-Viard Metz

Subjects
C2i, IUT, employability, model, assistance, Education
Abstract

In this paper, we aim to show how the C2i may help the actors involved in IUT training (Degree in Technology). According to our studies, assistance is defined as an entity that can be characterized as a result, following the model ISA (Intention, Strategy, Expected result). This definition allows us to describe the C2i certificate in IUT, to discuss the current position of this certification in our institutions, and make suggestions for improvements for the project’s sustainability.

Published
2012
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48. European Bat Lyssavirus Transmission among Cats, Europe

Author

Laurent Dacheux, Florence Larrous, Alexandra Mailles, Didier Boisseleau, Olivier Delmas, Charlotte Biron, Christiane Bouchier, Isabelle Capek, Michel Muller, Frédéric Ilari, Tanguy Lefranc, François Raffi, Maryvonne Goudal, and Hervé Bourhy

Subjects
Rabies, lyssavirus, chiroptera, cats, diagnosis, spillover, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

We identified 2 cases of European bat lyssavirus subtype 1 transmission to domestic carnivores (cats) in France. Bat-to-cat transmission is suspected. Low amounts of virus antigen in cat brain made diagnosis difficult.

Published
2009
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50. Early chains of transmission of COVID-19 in France, January to March 2020

Author

Juliette Paireau, Alexandra Mailles, Catherine Eisenhauer, Franck de Laval, François Delon, Paolo Bosetti, Henrik Salje, Valérie Pontiès, Simon Cauchemez, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Santé publique France, Haut-de-France [Lille, France], This work was supported by the LabEx Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IBEID) (Grant Number ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), Santé Publique France, project Theracov, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grants 101003589 (RECOVER) and 874735 (VEO), and the National Research Agency (ANR) through the ANR-Flash call for COVID-19 (Grant ANR-20-COVI-0018)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), ANR-20-COVI-0018,TheraCoV,Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales(2020), European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), European Project: 874735,H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD,VEO(2020), PAIREAU, Juliette, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales - - TheraCoV2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0018 - COVID-19 - VALID, Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research - RECOVER - - H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-20202020-02-14 - 2022-02-13 - 101003589 - VALID, and Versatile Emerging infectious disease Observatory - VEO - - H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD2020-01-01 - 2024-12-31 - 874735 - VALID

Subjects
MESH: Pandemics, MESH: Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, transmission, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, MESH: Retrospective Studies, contact tracing, secondary clinical attack rate, MESH: Contact Tracing, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Virology, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, superspreading, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, cluster, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Introduction SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread rapidly worldwide. In January 2020, a surveillance system was implemented in France for early detection of cases and their contacts to help limit secondary transmissions. Aim To use contact-tracing data collected during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic to better characterise SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods We analysed data collected during contact tracing and retrospective epidemiological investigations in France from 24 January to 30 March 2020. We assessed the secondary clinical attack rate and characterised the risk of a contact becoming a case. We described chains of transmission and estimated key parameters of spread. Results During the study period, 6,082 contacts of 735 confirmed cases were traced. The overall secondary clinical attack rate was 4.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6–4.6), increasing with age of index case and contact. Compared with co-workers/friends, family contacts were at higher risk of becoming cases (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.0) and nosocomial contacts were at lower risk (AOR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7). Of 328 infector/infectee pairs, 49% were family members. The distribution of secondary cases was highly over-dispersed: 80% of secondary cases were caused by 10% of cases. The mean serial interval was 5.1 days (interquartile range (IQR): 2–8 days) in contact tracing pairs, where late transmission events may be censored, and 6.8 (3–8) days in pairs investigated retrospectively. Conclusion This study increases knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including the importance of superspreading events during the onset of the pandemic.

Published
2022
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