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The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) is one of the key instruments on-board the Euclid satellite, one of the major mission of ESA’s 2015 Cosmic Vision program. The instrument is located at the payload of the Euclid satellite, and it is initially planned to be operated at ∼135 K, except the detectors that are cooled to about 90 K. The NISP instrument will perform spectroscopic observations and photometric imaging in 3 near-infrared bands (Y, J, H) covering a wavelength range from 0.92 μm – 2.0 μm over a field of view (FoV) of ∼0.5 deg2.

eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) is the core instrument on the Russian Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission which is scheduled for launch in late 2012. eROSITA is fully approved and funded by the German Space Agency DLR and the Max-Planck-Society.The design driving science is the detection of 50-100 thousands Clusters of Galaxies up to redshift z~1.3 in order to study the large scale structure in the Universe and test cosmological models, especially Dark Energy. This will be accomplished by an all-sky survey lasting for four years plus a phase of pointed observations. eROSITA consists of seven Wolter-I telescope modules, each equipped with 54 Wolter-I shells having an outer diameter of 360 mm. This would provide and effective area at 1.5 keV of ~1500 cm2 and an on axis PSF HEW of 15" which would provide an effective angular resolution of 25"-30". In the focus of each mirror module, a fast frame-store pn-CCD will provide a field of view of 1deg in diameter for an active FOV of ~0.83 deg2. At the time of writing the instrument development is currently in phase C/D., Comment: 6 Pages, 3 Figure, Proceedings of the conference "X-ray Astronomy 2009", Bologna, September 2009

Silicon 29-chemical shifts can be described in some cases in terms of pairwise interaction parameters, although the influence of higher order effects is always perceptible. These are especially significant where fluorine or oxygen are the ligands around the silicon. Parameter of pairwise interaction for a number of ligands are given.