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Introduction: Shoulder has multidirectional mobility with capsule and rotator cuff as stabilizers. Irreparable subscapularis tears are relatively uncommon. Anterior capsule reconstruction (ACR) is one of the different modalities of treatment for irreparable subscapularis tears. Anterior capsular reconstruction can be performed using hamstring autograft, tibialis anterior allograft, and human dermal allograft. Procedures using hamstring autograft and tibialis anterior allograft reported severe capsular deficiency, recurrent dislocation, and subluxations. Dermal allograft is routinely used for ACR anterior capsule reconstruction. But However, there are no reports of Fascia lata autograft being used for ACR anterior capsule reconstruction. As fascia lata is an autograft, it may have a better chance of healing than dermal allograft. Case Report: A 60-year year-old male patient came with history of slip and fall at home 3 months ago and injured his left shoulder. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI is showing subscapularis tear retracted medial to glenoid and anterior supraspinatus tear with minimal retraction. The aim of this case report is to describe in detail the arthroscopic technique of ACR anterior capsule reconstruction using fascia lata autograft using the new knotless all suture anchors (fibereTak) on glenoid. Conclusion: Fascia lata being an autograft may have better healing potential, but its superiority over dermal allografts in the setting of ACR anterior capsule reconstruction needs further studies.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have found a potential application in various domains such as gas storage/separation, drug delivery, catalysis, etc. Recently, they have found considerable attention for energy storage applications such as Li- and Na-ion batteries. However, the development of MOFs is plagued by their limited energy density that arises from high molecular weight and low volumetric density. The choice of ligand plays a crucial role in determining the performance of the MOFs. Here, we report a nickel-based one-dimensional metal-organic framework, NiC4H2O4, built from bidentate fumarate ligands for anode application in Li-ion batteries. The material was obtained by a simple chimie douce precipitation method using nickel acetate and fumaric acid. Moreover, a composite material of the MOF with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared to enhance the lithium storage performance as the rGO can enhance the electronic conductivity. Electrochemical lithium storage in the framework and the effect of rGO on the performance have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements, and EIS studies. The pristine nickel formate encounters serious capacity fading while the rGO composite offers good cycling stability with high reversible capacities of over 800 mAh g−1.

The role of the carbon-based two-dimensional (2D) structures such as graphene or graphene oxide on the properties of metal oxide/2D composites materials are extensively studied for the environmental applications like photocatalysis. However, the metal oxide/inorganic 2D structure-based composites are less explored. In this regard, we have explored the α-Fe2O3/inorganic 2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) composite as an efficient visible light photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB). A systematic investigation on the role of varying the weight percent of hBN on the photocatalytic efficiency for MB degradation under visible light was studied. The α-Fe2O3/(x) hBN (x = 1, 5, 10 wt%) composites were characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bandgap tuning with varying compositions of α-Fe2O3/(x) hBN (x = 1, 5, 10 wt%) were investigated by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV DRS) and the bandgap values were found to decrease with addition of hBN (1.56 eV for 5 wt%) compared to bare α-Fe2O3 (2.02 eV). The composite α-Fe2O3 with 5 wt% of hBN (FB2) showed an enhanced methylene blue (MB) degradation of ~ 91% with a high rate constant value of 5.03 × 10–4 s−1. This was ~ 3.3 times higher than the rate constant observed for the MB degradation using bare hematite. The material after photocatalysis process was retrieved by simple sedimentation process and reused for four cycles with no loss in degradation efficiency. The as-prepared composite material may have application in recycling and reuse of water in textile industries.

After exclusive research for three decades on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), can there be anything unexplored, unmapped, or unexplained? Synthetic processes, fundamental characteristics, and their suitability for various applications have previously been broadly highlighted elsewhere. It is time, however, to focus on their prospect of application in the field of post-lithium batteries. Considering the perpetual rise in the demand for safer rechargeable batteries and an urgent need to refrain from Li-based batteries, which is attributed to the limited supply of lithium, a serious consideration regarding the implementation of post-lithium rechargeable batteries at a commercial level is needed. Even though post-lithium batteries seem to be an effective solution to refrain from the excessive use of a limited reserves of lithium, several concerns are still needed to be addressed before they can be recognized for practical applications. MOFs can prove to be advantageous in providing aid for the design of electrode materials with better stability and conductivity for metal-ion batteries, act as catalysts for improving the reaction kinetics in metal–air batteries, and serve as hosts for sulfur encapsulation in metal–sulfur batteries. Currently available reviews focus mainly on the use of MOFs and MOF-based materials for Li-based rechargeable batteries. This survey aims to highlight the problems and their possible solutions in cutting-edge post-lithium batteries implementing MOFs and MOF-based materials, together with highlighting the remarkable works that have been carried out to understand the various design aspects of electrode materials so as to direct future research in this regime.

The iron oxide powder was prepared using the surfactant Pluronic P123 with either iron nitrate (N series) or iron chloride (C series) as the raw material for iron source, under different pH conditions. The crystal phase, particle size, surface charge, and morphology of the iron oxide materials prepared by hydrothermal route were found to be highly influenced by the raw materials, and pH conditions of the preparation medium. Irrespective of iron source used, the formation of nanorods was favorable in the case of the basic medium. The iron oxide nanorods (NPBC) with high negative surface charges (− 20.8 mV) outperformed the other iron oxide samples having different morphologies like hexagonal (− 13.8 mV), oval (− 13.4 mV), and agglomerated nanoparticles (+ 12 mV) in the methylene blue degradation with ~ 86% of degradation observed for a very low catalyst loading of 10 mg. A methylene blue degradation of 69, 59, and 39% were observed for hexagonal, oval, and agglomerated nanoparticles, respectively, for the similar amount of catalytic loading. The sample NPBC exhibits a degradation rate constant value of 3.27 × 10–4 s−1 which was 2.9 times higher than the agglomerated nanoparticles with a rate constant value of 1.14 × 10–4 s−1 and the reasons are discussed.

A cost-effective successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method was used to deposit copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) thin films on glass and steel substrates for this study. The deposited thin films were characterized for their structural, morphological, optical and electrochemical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible spectroscopy and VersaSTAT potentiostat. A direct band gap of 3.88 eV and 3.6 eV with film thickness of 0.7 μm and 0.9 μm was obtained at 20 and 30 deposition cycles respectively. The band gap, microstrain, dislocation density and crystal size were observed to be thickness dependent. The specific capacitance of the CuSCN thin film electrode at 20 mV/s was 760 F g−1 for deposition 20 cycles and 729 F g−1 for deposition 30 cycles. Keywords: CuSCN, Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR), Band gap, Micro strain, Photoluminescence, Electrochemical activities

The competition among scientists in providing the best need of mobile energy in society has been spread worldwide. This short communication shares a newly simple invention about thin battery with its voltage control simply adjusted by bending it. The changing in battery voltage is quite fast only in few seconds and very sensitive according to the mechanical bending treated into it. Furthermore, the thin battery was fabricated to be water resistant so that it can be applied under water with special technology purposes. This invention is a new beginning for flexible thin battery (FTB) technology which can be implemented in many different activities of daily life such as integrated technology use, medical energy supports, and education smart tools.

In this article, we have reported a one-step scalable synthesis of MgCo2O4 nanostructures as efficient anode material for Li-ion batteries and investigated the role of post-synthesis calcination temperature (400, 600 and 800 °C) on its physiochemical properties and electrochemical performances. The XRD pattern of the calcinated sample at 400 °C (MC 400) indicates a pure phase of MgCo2O4. However, on increasing the calcination temperature to 600 °C (MC 600), an additional phase corresponding to MgO was detected and the corresponding XRD peak intensity further increased on increasing the calcination temperature to 800 °C (MC 800 °C). This was accompanied by a morphological transformation from flake and rod-like nanostructures, to an agglomerated dense flake-like morphology. Electrochemical studies revealed that the calcination temperature plays an important role in determining the electrochemical performance of the MgCo2O4 as anode material. In a half cell, the MC 600 showed the best electrochemical performance with high discharge capacity of 980 mA h g−1 (2nd discharge at 60 mA g−1) and a reversible discharge capacity of 886 mA h g−1 at the end of 50 cycles with high coulombic efficiency of 98%. Long term stability was carried out at 0.5C which showed a capacity retention of 358 mA h g−1 at the end of 500 cycles. The superior electrochemical performance of the MC600 can be attributed to the presence of the small amount of MgO, which is believed to provide the anode materials better structural stability during cycling. The claim was further supported by ex-situ TEM analysis of the anode material of a cycled cell (50 cycles).

We report a simple and scalable synthesis of MnCo2O4/MWCNT nanocomposite by a simple precipitation method and its application as a high capacity anode material for Li-ion batteries. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a pure phase of MnCo2O4 and morphological analysis revealed a uniform decoration of MnCo2O4 nanoparticles along MWCNT backbone. As an electrode material, MnCo2O4 showed a high initial discharge capacity of 1431 mA h g−1 with a capacity retention of 444 mA h g−1 at the end of 30 cycles. With a small addition of MWCNT to MnCo2O4, the stability of the composite increased with a reversible capacity of 871 mA h g−1 at the end of 30 cycles. The inclusion of MWCNT as a conductive matrix resulted in a significant improvement in rate capability and cyclic stability.

In recent years, the need to reduce environmental impacts and increase flexibility in the energy sector has led to increased penetration of renewable energy sources and the shift from concentrated to decentralized generation. A fuel cell is an instrument that produces electricity by chemical reaction. Fuel cells are a promising technology for ultimate energy conversion and energy generation. We see that this system is integrated, where we find that the wind and photovoltaic energy system is complementary between them, because not all days are sunny, windy, or night, so we see that this system has higher reliability to provide continuous generation. At low load hours, PV and electrolysis units produce extra power. After being compressed, hydrogen is stored in tanks. The purpose of this study is to separate the Bahr AL-Najaf Area from the main power grid and make it an independent network by itself. The PEM fuel cells were analyzed and designed, and it were found that one layer is equal to 570.96 Watt at 0.61 volts and 1.04 A/Cm2. The number of layers in one stack is designed to be equal to 13 layers, so that the total power of one stack is equal to 7422.48 Watt. That is, the number of stacks required to generate the required energy from the fuel cells is equal to 203 stk. This study provided an analysis of the hybrid system to cover the electricity demand in the Bahr AL-Najaf region of 1.5 MW, the attained hybrid power system TNPC cost was about 9,573,208 USD, whereas the capital cost and energy cost (COE) were about 7,750,000 USD and 0.169 USD/kWh respectively, for one year.

In this study, Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP) powders are prepared by a solution synthesis method. The effects of two reducing agents on crystal structure and morphology and electrochemical properties are investigated. Preliminary studies on reducing agents such as oxalic acid and citric acid, are used to reduce the vanadium (V) precursor. The oxalic acid-assisted synthesis induces smaller particles (30 nm) compared with the citric acid-assisted synthesis (70 nm). The LVP powders obtained by the oxalic acid exhibit a higher specific capacity (124 mAh g&minus, 1 at 1C) and better cycling performance (122 mAh g&minus, 1 following 50 cycles at 1C rate) than those for the citric acid. This is due to their higher electronic conductivity caused by carbon coating and downsizing the particles. The charge-discharge plateaus obtained from cyclic voltammetry are in good agreement with galvanostatic cycling profiles.

Energy storage materials are finding increasing applications in our daily lives, for devices such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. Current commercial batteries use flammable liquid electrolytes, which are unsafe, toxic, and environmentally unfriendly with low chemical stability. Recently, solid electrolytes have been extensively studied as alternative electrolytes to address these shortcomings. Herein, we report the early history, synthesis and characterization, mechanical properties, and Li+ ion transport mechanisms of inorganic sulfide and oxide electrolytes. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of the fabrication technology and experimental conditions, such as the effects of pressure and operating parameters, on the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state Li batteries. In particular, we emphasize promising electrolyte systems based on sulfides and argyrodites, such as LiPS5Cl and β-Li3PS4, oxide electrolytes, bare and doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet, NASICON-type structures, and perovskite electrolyte materials. Moreover, we discuss the present and future challenges that all-solid-state batteries face for large-scale industrial applications.

Rutile titanium dioxide is a promising negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries due to low volume change on lithium-ion insertion, fast ion diffusion, and large surface area. However, the low theoretical capacity and conductivity of titanium dioxide has limited its application. In this work, rutile TiO2 was synthesized using a batch hydrothermal method, and doped with Nb5+ (3.5 at%). cycling in the range 1.0–3.0 V vs Li/Li+ was used to determine the Li-ion capacity of the doped and pristine TiO2 material, and electrochemical cycling was used to measure the extent of conversion from the lithiated to de-lithiated state. The nanoscale structures of the pristine and doped materials were determined by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements. Cycling in the range 1.0–3.0 V vs Li/Li+ showed that Nb5+ doping into the structure resulted in higher charge capacities. After 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1, the Nb-doped rutile TiO2 maintained a capacity of ca. 390 mAh g−1, 64% higher than undoped TiO2. For electrochemical cycling in the range 0.05–3.0 V vs Li/Li+, the introduction of Nb5+ resulted in a higher conversion of rutile TiO2 from the lithiated to de-lithiated state. The higher capacity of the doped TiO2 is shown to be mainly due to the smaller particle size, optimized surface area, and orientation of the nanorods.

The structural and electrochemical effects of electrospun V2O5 with selected redox-inactive dopants (namely Na+, Ba2+ and Al3+) have been studied. The electrospun materials have been characterised via a range of analytical methods including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The incorporation of dopants in V2O5 was further studied with computational modelling. Structural analysis suggested that the dopants had been incorporated into the V2O5 structure with changes in crystal orientation and particle size, and variations in the V4+ concentration. Electrochemical investigations using potentiodynamic, galvanostatic and impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that electrochemical performance might be dependent on V4+ concentration, which influenced electronic conductivity. Na+- or Ba2+-doped V2O5 offered improved conductivities and lithium ion diffusion properties, whilst Al3+ doping was shown to be detrimental to these properties. The energetics of dopant incorporation, calculated using atomistic simulations, indicated that Na+ and Ba2+ occupy interstitial positions in the interlayer space, whilst Al3+ is incorporated in V sites and replaces a vanadyl-like (VO)3+ group. Overall, the mode of incorporation of the dopants affects the concentration of oxygen vacancies and V4+ ions in the compounds, and in turn their electrochemical performance.

Carbon-encapsulated LiFePO4 (LFP) nanochains were prepared as a cathode material for lithium batteries by sol–gel method using citric acid as the carbon source. The prepared LFP/C material is characterized by structural, morphological, and electrochemical characterization. LFP/C shows an orthorhombic olivine structure with “Pnma” space group having an average particle size of 50 nm. The uniform distribution of LFP particles coated by the carbon matrix as a nanochain array has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis of the sample. The electrochemical performance of the LFP/C nanochain has been analyzed using galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance analysis of the assembled batteries. The sol–gel-derived LFP/C nanochain exhibits better capacity and electrochemical reversibility in line with the literature results. The high-temperature conductivity profile of the sample has been recorded from room temperature to 473 K using impedance analysis of the sample. The transport dynamics have been analyzed using the dielectric and modulus spectra of the sample. A maximum conductivity up to 6.74 × 10–4 S cm–1 has been obtained for the samples at higher temperature (448 K). The nucleation and growth at higher temperature act as factors to facilitate the intermediate phase existence in the LiFePO4 sample in which the phase change that occurs above 400 K gives irreversible electrochemical changes in the LFP/C samples.

A series of olivine-structured of LiNi1 − x(Co0.5Mn0.5)xPO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compositions have been synthesized by two-step conventional solid-state method at high temperature of 1000 °C followed by slow cooling or quenching. The XRD patterns of the obtained samples confirmed the formation of LiNi1 − x(Co0.5Mn0.5)xPO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) phase with orthorhombic structure, Pmna space group. The lattice parameters determined by Rietveld refinements increase significantly as Co and Mn substitute for Ni. The SEM images show that the sample x = 0.8 started to partially melt while x = 1 has fully melted at temperature 1000 °C. The AC impedance spectroscopy measurements have revealed that the conductivity measured at 300 °C of all the slow-cooled samples can be enhanced by quenching. The quenched sample with x = 0.8 showed the largest increment of conductivities from 3.70 × 10−8 S cm−1 to 1.05 × 10−6 S cm−1 as a function of the cooling condition.

Optimization of electrodes for charge storage with appropriate processing conditions places significant challenges in the developments for high performance charge storage devices. In this article, metal cobaltite spinels of formula MCo2O4 (where M = Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni and Co) are synthesized by oxalate decomposition method followed by calcination at three typical temperatures, viz. 350, 550, and 750 °C and examined their performance variation when used as anodes in lithium ion batteries. Phase and structure of the materials are studied by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Single phase MnCo2O4,ZnCo2O4 and Co3O4 are obtained for all different temperatures 350 °C, 550 °C and 750 °C; whereas FeCo2O4 and NiCo2O4 contained their constituent binary phases even after repeated calcination. Morphologies of the materials are studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM): needle-shaped particles of MnCo2O4 and ZnCo2O4, submicron sized particles of FeCo2O4 and agglomerated submicron particle of NiCo2O4 are observed. Galvanostatic cycling has been conducted in the voltage range 0.005–3.0 V vs. Li at a current density of 60 mA g−1 up to 50 cycles to study their Li storage capabilities. Highest observed charge capacities are: MnCo2O4 – 365 mA h g−1 (750 °C); ZnCo2O4 – 516 mA h g−1 (550 °C); FeCo2O4 – 480 mA h g−1 (550 °C); NiCo2O4 – 384 mA h g−1 (750 °C); and Co3O4 – 675 mA h g−1 (350 °C). The Co3O4 showed the highest reversible capacity of 675 mA h g−1; the NiO present in NiCo2O4 acts as a buffer layer that results in improved cycling stability; the ZnCo2O4 with long needle-like shows good cycling stability.

Pristine trivanadate (LiV3O8) and doped lithium trivanadate (LiV3–xMxO8, M = Zn/Co/Fe/Sn/Ti/Zr/Nb/Mo, x = 0.01/0.05/0.1 M) compounds were prepared by a simple reflux method in the presence of the polymer, Pluronic P123, as the chelating agent. For comparison, pristine LiV3O8 alone was also prepared in the absence of the chelating agent. The Rietveld-refined X-ray diffraction patterns shows all compounds to exist in the layered monoclinic LiV3O8 phase belonging to the space group of P21/m. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows the particles to exhibit layers of submicron-sized particles. The electrochemical performances of the coin cells were compared at a current density of 30 mA/g in the voltage window of 2–4 V. The cells made with compounds LiV2.99Zr0.01O8 and LiV2.95Sn0.05O8 show a high discharge capacity of 245 ± 5 mA h/g, with an excellent stability of 98% at the end of the 50th cycle. The second cycle discharge capacity of 398 mA h/g was obtained for the compound LiV2.99Fe0.01O8, and its capacity retention was found to be 58% after 50 cycles. The electrochemical performances of the cells were correlated with the electrical properties and the changes in the structural parameters of the compounds.

Background: Rapid prototyping (RP) is used widely in dental and faciomaxillary surgery with anecdotal uses in orthopedics. The purview of RP in orthopedics is vast. However, there is no error analysis reported in the literature on bone models generated using office-based RP. This study evaluates the accuracy of fused deposition modeling (FDM) using standard tessellation language (STL) files and errors generated during the fabrication of bone models. Materials and Methods: Nine dry bones were selected and were computed tomography (CT) scanned. STL files were procured from the CT scans and three-dimensional (3D) models of the bones were printed using our in-house FDM based 3D printer using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filament. Measurements were made on the bone and 3D models according to data collection procedures for forensic skeletal material. Statistical analysis was performed to establish interobserver co-relation for measurements on dry bones and the 3D bone models. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 13.0 software to analyze the collected data. Results: The inter-observer reliability was established using intra-class coefficient for both the dry bones and the 3D models. The mean of absolute difference is 0.4 that is very minimal. The 3D models are comparable to the dry bones. Conclusions: STL file dependent FDM using ABS material produces near-anatomical 3D models. The high 3D accuracy hold a promise in the clinical scenario for preoperative planning, mock surgery, and choice of implants and prostheses, especially in complicated acetabular trauma and complex hip surgeries.

Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are seen as a viable option to meet the rising demand for energy storage. To meet this requirement, substantial research is being accomplished in battery materials as well as operational safety. LiBs are delicate and may fail if not handled properly. The failure modes and mechanisms for any system can be derived using different methodologies like failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) and failure mode methods effects analysis (FMMEA). FMMEA is used in this paper as it helps to identify the reliability of a system at the component level focusing on the physics causing the observed failures and should thus be superior to the more data-driven FMEA approach. Mitigation strategies in LiBs to overcome the failure modes can be categorized as intrinsic safety, additional protection devices, and fire inhibition and ventilation. Intrinsic safety involves modifications of materials in anode, cathode, and electrolyte. Additives added to the electrolyte enhance the properties assisting in the improvement of solid-electrolyte interphase and stability. Protection devices include vents, circuit breakers, fuses, current interrupt devices, and positive temperature coefficient devices. Battery thermal management is also a protection method to maintain the temperature below the threshold level, it includes air, liquid, and phase change material-based cooling. Fire identification at the preliminary stage and introducing fire suppressive additives is very critical. This review paper provides a brief overview of advancements in battery chemistries, relevant modes, methods, and mechanisms of potential failures, and finally the required mitigation strategies to overcome these failures.

Metal-ion batteries are capable of delivering high energy density with a longer lifespan. However, they are subject to several issues limiting their utilization. One critical impediment is the budding and extension of solid protuberances on the anodic surface, which hinders the cell functionalities. These protuberances expand continuously during the cyclic processes, extending through the separator sheath and leading to electrical shorting. The progression of a protrusion relies on a number of in situ and ex situ factors that can be evaluated theoretically through modeling or via laboratory experimentation. However, it is essential to identify the dynamics and mechanism of protrusion outgrowth. This review article explores recent advances in alleviating metal dendrites in battery systems, specifically alkali metals. In detail, we address the challenges associated with battery breakdown, including the underlying mechanism of dendrite generation and swelling. We discuss the feasible solutions to mitigate the dendrites, as well as their pros and cons, highlighting future research directions. It is of great importance to analyze dendrite suppression within a pragmatic framework with synergy in order to discover a unique solution to ensure the viability of present (Li) and future-generation batteries (Na and K) for commercial use.

Three morphologies of magnesium cobaltite (MgCo2O4), viz. cuboidal microcrystals, nanoflowers, and nanospheres, were synthesized using hydrothermal and molten salt methods and evaluated their electrochemical energy storage properties. Among them cuboidal microcrystal and nanoflowers were obtained by a facile hydrothermal route – the former with ethylene glycol and the latter with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as surfactants. The cuboidal microcrystals showed layered flake microstructure with an appreciable space between the layers (~ 100 nm), which would facilitate ion movement between the flakes. The electrochemical studies of the materials revealed the superiority of MgCo2O4 cuboidal microcrystals as a charge storage medium over the nanoflowers and nanospheres, the reasons for this is deeply investigated and reported herewith. The specific charge stored in the MgCo2O4 cuboidal microcrystal electrode was ~ 345 C g−1 at a specific current of 1 A g−1 which was superior to nanoflowers (~ 178 C g−1) and nanospheres (~ 139 C g−1) at the similar current density in 3 M LiOH electrolyte. The MgCo2O4 cuboidal microcrystals also demonstrated superior charge retention (~ 110%) after 3000 cycles over the other electrodes demonstrating its practical utility as a charge storage material.

The Li0.5La0.5TiO3 and LiFePO4/C has been prepared using sol-gel method for its interface analysis towards its application for all solid state assembly. The LiFePO4cathode material and Li0.5La0.5TiO3 solid electrolyte has been individually tested for its electrochemical reversibility. The thin film battery assembly shows severe capacity fading, which results in electrochemically non active with the chosen anode materials. In order to verify the electrochemical activity and interaction of Li0.5La0.5TiO3-LiFePO4/C interface the mixture has been tested for its electrochemical reversibility. The Li0.5La0.5TiO3-LiFePO4/C interface exhibits well resolved oxidation-reduction hype which verifies its suitability towards all solid state assemblies.

The influence of the Samarium ions (Sm3+) on the electrochemical properties TiO2 nanoparticles has been analyzed by incorporating Sm ions in two different combinations using the sol-gel method. The bare and doped samples have been characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM and EDX, for its structural, morphological and compositional analysis of the sample. The Galvanostatic cycling, Cyclic voltammetry and Impedance analyzer has been employed to point out the electrochemical properties of the assembled batteries. The electrochemical properties of the sol-gel derived bare TiO2 are comparable with the literature. The Sm0.1Ti0.9O2 exhibits better capacity and lower capacity fading over multiple cycles. The higher Sm concentration exhibits more capacity fading after the initial cycles. The study reveals that the lower concentration doping of Sm stabilizes the TiO2 nanoparticles which makes it as a better candidate for its application potential towards lithium ion batteries.

Electrospun ceramic oxide fibers find myriad uses as energy materials such as in battery electrodes and vanadium oxides are one such family of materials. In this study, the structural and energy storage properties of electrospun vanadium pentoxide are compared to approximately 10 at% barium and titanium-doped equivalents. The vanadium pentoxide was doped in order to improve its electrochemical performance. The materials are characterised using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements, transmission electron microscopy and potentiostatic and galvanostatic analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that each dopant has a critical effect on lattice distortions whilst showing no influence over the overall crystal structure, which is unusual for such large dopant amounts. The doped materials show better cyclability and higher efficiencies than the pure equivalent. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction measurements show detrimental phase changes within undoped V 2 O 5 whereas the titanium-doped V 2 O 5 predominantly remains as α-V 2 O 5 after the first cycle.

Layered structured LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 and LiNi0.495M0.01Mn0.495O2 (M = Zn, Co, and Y) compounds were prepared by PVP (poly(vinyl pyrrolidone))-assisted sol-gel method, and their structural, morphological, vibrational, transport, and electrochemical properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman, AC impedance, and galvanostatic charge and discharge analysis. XRD patterns reveal that doping does not change the crystal structure of the LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 compound. SEM images show that the average size of the particle is in sub-micron ranges. The AC impedance studies shows an electrical conductivity of ∼2.5 × 10−7 S/cm for the parent compound. The introduction of Zn/Co/Y at equivalent sites increased the electrical conductivity by one order ∼10−6 S/cm. The compound LiNi0.495Co0.01Mn0.495O2 shows the highest electrical conductivity of 2.85 × 10−6 S/cm and delivers a specific discharge capacity of 110 mAh/g at the end of the 25th cycle in the voltage window of 2.5–4.4 V for a current density of 30 mA/g.

Copyright: 2017 Elsevier. Due to copyright restrictions, the attached PDF file contains the pre-print version of the published item. For access to the published version, please consult the publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.143

We report the synthesis of MCo2O4 (M=Co, Ni) on Ni-mesh by a simple metal acetate decomposition method. Stability tests of the samples in aqueous acidified LiCl, LiOH and LiTFSI in H2O/DME showed that Co3O4/Ni and Co3O4-PVP/Ni are relatively stable in alkaline and neutral environments, with Co3O4/Ni being relatively more stable. For NiCo2O4/Ni and NiCo2O4-PVP/Ni, the low weight percentage change of cobalt in LiTFSI in H2O/DME suggests that they are mostly stable in this electrolyte. The electrochemical performance of the Li-air cell was evaluated using Li anode and a LAGP ceramic separator with above mentioned electrolytes. Co3O4 showed slightly higher catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for the first three cycles. The cell with LiTFSI in H2O/DME as aqueous catholyte showed that NiCo2O4 is a better catalyst for the OER than for the ORR, while the reverse was observed when LiOH was used as the electrolyte.

Clinopyroxene LiVSi2O6 phase has been synthesised in this study by a single step solid state reaction in argon atmosphere at 900 °C, and its electrochemical properties have been investigated. Graphene composite of the material has also been prepared by assimilating GO (graphene oxide) to the reactants which gets reduced in situ to rGO (reduced graphene oxide) during the annealing process. Structure and morphology of the samples have been characterised by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and surface area (BET) measurements. Lithium storage properties of the material were examined using galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. The rGO composite shows better capacity retention than the pristine sample, and an initial discharge capacity of 110 mAh g−1 was obtained for the rGO composite. Funding information Dr. M. V. Reddy and A/Prof. S. Adams were supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore under its Competitive Research Programme (CRP Award No. NRF-CRP 10-2012-6). This work was also made possible by a NPRP grant (NPRP 7-301-2-126) from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). Scopus

Porous Na3V2(PO4)3/C composites were prepared in situ via a simple solution method using various amounts of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and glycine mixtures. Platelet particles with a thickness of ~150 nm were formed when 0.4 mmol cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 0.4 mmol glycine were used, resulting in a high specific surface area (16 m2 g−1) and porosity (0.05 cm3 g−1) of the composites. In addition, the porous Na3V2(PO4)3/C composites presented good reversible cyclic voltammetry peaks with low hysteresis and delivered a high specific discharge capacity of 113 mA h g−1, which decreased to 99 mA h g−1 (capacity retention of 88.1%) after 200 cycles at the current rate of 1 C. The high rate capability (96 mA h g−1 at 10 C) of the composites was attributed to their unique foamy microstructure, plate-like particles, and high electronic conductivity.

Gel-combustion, solution combustion and molten salt methods were used to synthesize hematite nanoparicles. Two weight ratios of precursor (Ferric nitrate) to fuel (Cassava Starch) (1:0.5, 1:1) were used in gel-combustion technique. Ferric nitrate as a precursor and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid as fuel (in stoichiometric proportions) were used in the solution combustion method. Ferric oxalate was the precursor in molten salt method. The structural parameters of the hematite nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction. The optical properties, including band gap studies were done by UV–Visible spectroscopy. The morphological studies were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscope. The energy storage capacity of the molten salt method-hematite nanoparticles surpassed (920 mAhg −1 ) the others while the equal-weight- ratio-hematite nanoparticles synthesized by gel-combustion method exhibited better dopamine sensor properties.

Herein, we show the synthesis of high-capacity anode, InFeCoO4 spinel for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), by facile glycine-assisted chemical approach. The structure and morphology are evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. The pure phase formation of spinel InFeCoO4 is confirmed from XRD pattern, whereas the oxidation state of Co in 2+ is determined from XAS analysis. Electrochemical performance of InFeCoO4 in the half-cell configuration is evaluated by galvanostatic and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the voltage window of 0.005–3.0 V vs. Li. When cycled at 60 mA g−1, it shows a high first cycle reversible capacity of 750 (±10) mA h g−1. However, slow capacity degradation is noticed upon cycling and reached 285 (±10) mA h g−1 after 40 cycles. An improved Li-storage performance is noticed under similar cycling condition, when the electrode is heat-treated. It shows first cycle reversible capacity of 880 (±10) mA h g−1 and reached 535 (±10) mA h g−1 after 40 cycles. The coulombic efficiency is >98 % during cycling. The improved Li-storage performance is possibly due to the distribution of PVDF (binder) in the active materials as well as better electrical contact after heat treatment.

We prepared SnO nanoparticles (SnO–S) and SnO·CoO nanocomposites (SnO·CoO–B) as anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) by chemical and ball-milling approaches, respectively. They are characterized by X-ray diffraction and TEM techniques. The Li- storage performance are evaluated by galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry. The SnO–S and SnO·CoO–B showed improved cycling performance due to their finite particle size (i.e. nano-size) and presence of secondary phase (CoO). Better cycling stability is noticed for SnO·CoO–B with the expense of their reversible capacity. Also, addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) to SnO–S further improved the cycling performance of SnO–S. When cycled at 60 mA g−1, the first-cycle reversible capacities of 635, 590 and 460 (±10) mA h g−1 are noticed for SnO–S, SnO@CNT and SnO·CoO–B, respectively. The capacity fading observed are 3.7 and 1.8 mA h g−1 per cycle for SnO–S and SnO@CNT, respectively; whereas 1–1.2 mA h g−1 per cycle for SnO·CoO–B. All the samples show high coulombic efficiency, 96–98% in the range of 5–50 cycles.

Phase pure single crystalline TiO2 nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal route and characterized by XRD, SEM and HRTEM techniques. Comparative studies were made between the PVdF-HFP based composite electrolytes doped with as prepared TiO2 nanorods (PT) and commercial TiO2 sub-microns (PTC) as fillers. The 5 wt% of TiO2 nanorods added composite electrolyte (PT-5) was found to exhibit an electrical conductivity of ∼1.11 × 10−2 S cm−1 which was two orders higher than the 5 wt% of commercial TiO2 added system (PTC-5) exhibiting conductivity of ∼1.72 × 10−4 S cm−1. A temperature dependent conductivity study shows film PT-5 to exhibit an activation energy of 0.26 eV, whereas the film PTC-5 exhibits a higher value of 0.45 eV. The influences of the filler size/morphology on the structural and electrical properties of the electrolytes were explored through XRD, FTIR, AC impedance, thermal and mechanical stability studies. A significant enhancement in the mechanical stability of the membrane was achieved by using nanofillers.

International audience; Lithium batteries are electrochemical devices that are widely used as power sources. This history of their development focuses on the original development of lithium-ion batteries. In particular, we highlight the contributions of Professor Michel Armand related to the electrodes and electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries.

Background/Rationale: Sensitivity to chemotherapy is a strong, consistent predictor of survival for patients diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and chemotherapy resistance remains a critical problem for a subset of patients. Cancer cells with a stem cell-like profile are thought to represent a relatively chemotherapy resistant subpopulation. A screen for novel inhibitors of these cancer stem cell-like cells identified the multi-kinase inhibitor ON108600 that inhibits Casein kinase 2 (CK2), TNIK and Dyrk kinases. We sought to determine whether treatment with ON108600 enhances chemotherapy sensitivity of aggressive, multi-drug resistant TNBC, thereby offering a novel therapeutic option for patients with high risk TNBC. Methods: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models derived from patients with chemotherapy-resistant primary or metastatic TNBC were screened for expression of ON108600 targets prior to selection for in vivo studies. Studies to confirm target engagement in vivo were performed to optimize dosing schedules. Selected PDX models were expanded and treated with vehicle control, ON108600, Paclitaxel, or ON108600/Paclitaxel combination. Tumor growth was assessed. Tumors were harvested at end point for histological analysis. Results: Chemotherapy- resistant TNBC PDX models were screened for protein expression of CK2, Dyrk and TNIK kinases. Two models with the highest level of these kinases were selected and propagated for in vivo studies; one model is derived from a primary TNBC with intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy while the second is derived from a heavily pre-treated metastatic TNBC. Target engagement was confirmed by assessing levels of CK2 substrates in tumors treated with different doses of ON108600. Expanded cohorts of these PDX models were treated with ON108600, Paclitaxel or combined ON108600/Paclitaxel. While Paclitaxel chemotherapy had minimal effect on tumor growth in these PDX models, combined ON108600/Paclitaxel treatment significantly suppressed growth and/or caused regression of these aggressive tumors. Importantly, combination treatment was associated with minimal toxicity. RNASeq profiling of PDX tumors treated with ON108600 or vehicle control was performed, revealing suppression of multiple oncogenic pathways by ON108600 which are currently being validated. Conclusions: ON108600, identified as an inhibitor of a cancer stem cell-like population, overcomes Paclitaxel resistance to suppress growth of aggressive TNBC for which treatment options remain limited. These results support further study and clinical translation of ON108600. Citation Format: Katsutoshi Sato, Amol Padgaonkar, Stephen Cosenza, Stacey Baker, Ramana Reddy, E Premkumar Reddy, Hanna Y. Irie. A novel inhibitor of cancer stem cells overcomes chemotherapy resistance of triple negative breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-04.

We report the facile synthesis of nanostructured polycrystalline nickel sulphide (NP-Ni3S2) on Ni foil at 750 and 800 °C by employing powder vapor transport technique. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) confirms the formation of polycrystalline Ni3S2 phase with rhombohedral structure. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirms the formation of Ni3S2 phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the formation of flower shaped nanostructures of NP-Ni3S2 material. As an electrode material of Li+ batteries, the initial discharge capacities for NP-Ni3S2 materials deposited at 750 and 800 °C are found to be ∼2649 mAh g−1 and ∼1347 mAh g−1, respectively with initial capacity loss of ∼1067 mAh g−1 and ∼363 mAh g−1 after first cycle and capacities of ∼931 mAh g−1 and ∼818 mAh g−1 after 30 cycles for a current density of 60 mA g−1. An excellent capacity retention for NP-Ni3S2 material synthesized at 800 °C is due to its larger surface area and shorter diffusion length for mass and charge transport brought about by the flower-like porous nanostructures showing that the NP-Ni3S2 material synthesized at higher temperatures is more suitable as electrode material for Li+ batteries.

Unique reduced graphene oxide named solar reduced graphene oxide (SRGO) was found to be an excellent anode material in Li ion battery. SRGO exhibited first cycle discharge- and charge-capacities as high as 1480 and 880 mAh $$\hbox {g}^{-1}$$ , respectively. Moreover, the columbic efficiency was found to be >95% and the specific capacity retention even after 60 cycles was >500 mAh $$\hbox {g}^{-1}$$ .

An Fe2Mo3O8/exfoliated graphene oxide (EG) composite with unique morphology is synthesized by a novel solid-state reduction method. Graphene oxide (GO), FeC2O4·2H2O and MoO3 are heated together at 750 °C for 8 h under an Ar atmosphere to obtain Fe2Mo3O8/EG as the resultant material. The morphology of the as-synthesized Fe2Mo3O8/EG powder as observed in electron micrographs confirmed the presence of layer-like EG and densely populated Fe2Mo3O8 hexagonal platelets. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that Fe2Mo3O8 and EG are in the composite at 98 and 2 wt%, respectively. The structural analysis of the as-synthesized Fe2Mo3O8/EG confirmed that Fe2Mo3O8 platelets are crystallized in the hcp crystal system. Raman scattering analysis further confirmed the presence of Fe2Mo3O8 and EG in the as-synthesized Fe2Mo3O8/EG composite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that Fe and Mo elements are in the II and IV oxidation states in the as-synthesized Fe2Mo3O8/EG composite, which when tested as an anode material of a half-cell Li-ion battery, exhibited a high reversible capacity of 945 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 current rate. This work paves the way to synthesize other graphene–metal oxide composites (with unique metal oxide morphologies) for their use as anode materials in Li-ion batteries. MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore)

Graphenothermal Reduction process is used to obtain exfoliated graphene oxide (EG)/iron (II) oxide (FeO) composite prepared at 650 °C for 5 h in argon. Structural and compositional analyses of the sample confirm the formation of EG/FeO composite. This composite shows a reversible capacity of 857 mAh g −1 at a current rate of 50 mA g −1 in the voltage range 0.005–3.0 V versus Li. An excellent capacity retention up to 60 cycles and high coulombic efficiency of 98% are also observed. Characteristic Fe 2+/0 redox peaks observed in Cyclic Voltammetry measurement are explained in correlation with lithium storage mechanism. Thermal, electrical and impedance spectroscopy studies of EG/FeO composite are discussed in detail. Comparative electrochemical cycling studies of EG/FeO composite with Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 materials prepared under controlled conditions are also discussed.