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1. Robustness of Indoor Aquatic Mesocosm Experimentations and Data Reusability to Assess the Environmental Risks of Nanomaterials

Author: Mohammad Nassar, Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Armand Masion, and Jérôme Rose
Subjects: nanosafety, mesocosms, nanoparticles, environment, ecotoxicity, statistics, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Indoor aquatic mesocosms are increasingly used in nanosafety to assess the behavior, fate, and impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in aquatic environments using relevant exposure scenarios. The robustness of 60 L freshwater mesocosm experimentation was tested on the basis of the reusability of the data collected in a database named MESOCOSM regarding mesocosm experiments examining the environmental risks of CeO2 ENMs. We observed high reliability of the measured variables across replicates. The sensitivity of this mesocosm methodology was evidenced by the contrasted ecosystem responses revealed by a multivariate analysis. We also observed that adding variables to the data set up to 15% did not affect the outcome of the analysis of the results. This ability to buffer this variability demonstrates that the indoor aquatic mesocosms are robust tools contributing to the environmental risk assessment of ENMs, and stresses the benefit of reusing the data stored in databases such as MESOCOSM adhering to the findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) data principles.
Published: 2021
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2. How Microbial Biofilms Control the Environmental Fate of Engineered Nanoparticles?

Author: Morgane Desmau, Andrea Carboni, Maureen Le Bars, Emmanuel Doelsch, Marc F. Benedetti, Mélanie Auffan, Clément Levard, and Alexandre Gelabert
Subjects: biofilm, engineered nanoparticles, mesocosm, microenvironment, ZnS, passivation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Predicting the fate of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) once they are released in the environment is essential to evaluate their impacts to ecosystems. Microbial biofilms, as highly reactive compartments in soils and sediments, have the potential to impose strong controls on ENPs life cycle in natural settings. However, information regarding impacts of biofilms toward ENPs environmental fate are not easily accessible, and such evidences are collected and discussed in this review, in order to identify common trends and to better constrain the role played by these microbial structures. Biofilms are reported to exhibit important ENPs accumulation capacities, and short to long-term ENPs immobilization can thus be expected. Mechanisms that govern such accumulation and ENPs migration within biofilms depend strongly on electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, as well as biofilm structural properties, such as density and permeability. They are a combination of key parameters that include ENPs size and surface properties, mineral substrate reactivity, ability to develop organic corona around ENPs, or formation of aggregates within the biofilm thickness. In addition, these microbial structures exhibit highly reactive microenvironments, and are consequently able to impose major ENPs transformations such as dissolution, through ligand- or redox-mediated pathways, as well as passivation or stabilization processes. Interestingly, exposure to toxic ENPs can even trigger a response from micro-organisms biofilms which has the potential to strongly modify ENPs speciation. Promising approaches to investigate the role of microbial biofilms for ENPs cycling in realistic systems are introduced through the use of mesocosms, medium-size replicated ecosystems that allow to integrate the complexity of natural settings. Finally, biofilm-mediated nanoparticles synthesis in man-impacted systems is presented. This raises important questions regarding biofilms role as secondary sources of nanoparticles.
Published: 2020
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3. Anthropogenic Release and Distribution of Titanium Dioxide Particles in a River Downstream of a Nanomaterial Manufacturer Industrial Site

Author: Danielle L. Slomberg, Mélanie Auffan, Nelly Guéniche, Bernard Angeletti, Andrea Campos, Daniel Borschneck, Olivier Aguerre-Chariol, and Jérôme Rose
Subjects: manufactured TiO2 nanomaterials, anthropogenic emission, river ecosystem, environmental exposure, aggregation, sediment accumulation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Several industries manufacture and process large quantities of engineered nanomaterials, thus increasing the potential for their environmental release during waste management and disposal. Herein, we quantified the release and spatial distribution of titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2 NMs) emitted from an industrial waste stream that flows into a nearby river. Two sampling campaigns were carried out on the river in fall 2017 and spring 2018 at selected sites upstream and downstream of the Industrial Effluent and an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Significant Ti accumulation was detected in the sediments at the Industrial Effluent and WWTP sites for both fall and spring samples, with measured Ti concentrations of 75–193 mg Ti/kg reaching 21–55× that of the local background upstream. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the anatase and rutile mineralogy of the inputs. River surface waters were filtered on-site to distinguish between particulate (>0.20 μm), colloidal (0.02–0.20 μm), and dissolved and/or small nanoparticulate (NP) (0.20 μm), and that the particles sediment rapidly near the emission source and accumulate in the sediment.
Published: 2020
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4. In Vitro Co-Exposure to CeO2 Nanomaterials from Diesel Engine Exhaust and Benzo(a)Pyrene Induces Additive DNA Damage in Sperm and Cumulus Cells but Not in Oocytes

Author: Martina Cotena, Mélanie Auffan, Virginie Tassistro, Noémie Resseguier, Jérôme Rose, and Jeanne Perrin
Subjects: genotoxicity, nanomaterials, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, germ cells, additivity, cocktail, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a recognized reprotoxic compound and the most widely investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in ambient air; it is widespread by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels along with cerium dioxide nanomaterials (CeO2 NMs), which are used in nano-based diesel additives to decrease the emission of toxic compounds and to increase fuel economy. The toxicity of CeO2 NMs on reproductive organs and cells has also been shown. However, the effect of the combined interactions of BaP and CeO2 NMs on reproduction has not been investigated. Herein, human and rat gametes were exposed in vitro to combusted CeO2 NMs or BaP or CeO2 NMs and BaP in combination. CeO2 NMs were burned at 850 °C prior to mimicking their release after combustion in a diesel engine. We demonstrated significantly higher amounts of DNA damage after exposure to combusted CeO2 NMs (1 µg·L−1) or BaP (1.13 µmol·L−1) in all cell types considered compared to unexposed cells. Co-exposure to the CeO2 NMs-BaP mixture induced additive DNA damage in sperm and cumulus cells, whereas no additive effect was observed in rat oocytes. This result could be related to the structural protection of the oocyte by cumulus cells and to the oocyte’s efficient system to repair DNA damage compared to that of cumulus and sperm cells.
Published: 2021
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5. CeO2 Nanomaterials from Diesel Engine Exhaust Induce DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Human and Rat Sperm In Vitro

Author: Martina Cotena, Mélanie Auffan, Stéphane Robert, Virginie Tassistro, Noémie Resseguier, Jérôme Rose, and Jeanne Perrin
Subjects: nanoparticles, DNA damage, Oxidative stress, reproductive toxicity, combustion, ageing, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Cerium dioxide nanomaterials (CeO2 NMs) are widely used in nano-based diesel additives to decrease the emission of toxic compounds, but they have been shown to increase the emission of ultrafine particles as well as the amount of released Ce. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development included CeO2 NMs in the priority list of nanomaterials that require urgent evaluation, and the potential hazard of aged CeO2 NM exposure remains unexplored. Herein, human and rat sperm cells were exposed in vitro to a CeO2 NM-based diesel additive (called EnviroxTM), burned at 850 °C to mimic its release after combustion in a diesel engine. We demonstrated significant DNA damage after in vitro exposure to the lowest tested concentration (1 µg·L−1) using the alkaline comet assay (ACA). We also showed a significant increase in oxidative stress in human sperm after in vitro exposure to 1 µg·L−1 aged CeO2 NMs evaluated by the H2DCF-DA probe. Electron microscopy showed no internalization of aged CeO2 NMs in human sperm but an affinity for the head plasma membrane. The results obtained in this study provide some insight on the complex cellular mechanisms by which aged CeO2 NMs could exert in vitro biological effects on human spermatozoa and generate ROS.
Published: 2020
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6. Stealth Biocompatible Si-Based Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Author: Wei Liu, Arnaud Chaix, Magali Gary-Bobo, Bernard Angeletti, Armand Masion, Afitz Da Silva, Morgane Daurat, Laure Lichon, Marcel Garcia, Alain Morère, Khaled El Cheikh, Jean-Olivier Durand, Frédérique Cunin, and Mélanie Auffan
Subjects: porous silicon nanoparticle, surface functionalization, PEG, mannose, stealth properties, biodegradation kinetic, biocompatibility, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: A challenge regarding the design of nanocarriers for drug delivery is to prevent their recognition by the immune system. To improve the blood residence time and prevent their capture by organs, nanoparticles can be designed with stealth properties using polymeric coating. In this study, we focused on the influence of surface modification with polyethylene glycol and/or mannose on the stealth behavior of porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNP, ~200 nm). In vivo biodistribution of pSiNPs formulations were evaluated in mice 5 h after intravenous injection. Results indicated that the distribution in the organs was surface functionalization-dependent. Pristine pSiNPs and PEGylated pSiNPs were distributed mainly in the liver and spleen, while mannose-functionalized pSiNPs escaped capture by the spleen, and had higher blood retention. The most efficient stealth behavior was observed with PEGylated pSiNPs anchored with mannose that were the most excreted in urine at 5 h. The biodegradation kinetics evaluated in vitro were in agreement with these in vivo observations. The biocompatibility of the pristine and functionalized pSiNPs was confirmed in vitro on human cell lines and in vivo by cytotoxic and systemic inflammation investigations, respectively. With their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and stealth properties, the pSiNPs functionalized with mannose and PEG show promising potential for biomedical applications.
Published: 2017
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7. Exposure to cerium dioxide nanoparticles differently affect swimming performance and survival in two daphnid species.

Author: Ester Artells, Julien Issartel, Mélanie Auffan, Daniel Borschneck, Antoine Thill, Marie Tella, Lenka Brousset, Jérôme Rose, Jean-Yves Bottero, and Alain Thiéry
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The CeO₂ NPs are increasingly used in industry but the environmental release of these NPs and their subsequent behavior and biological effects are currently unclear. This study evaluates for the first time the effects of CeO₂ NPs on the survival and the swimming performance of two cladoceran species, Daphnia similis and Daphnia pulex after 1, 10 and 100 mg.L⁻¹ CeO₂ exposures for 48 h. Acute toxicity bioassays were performed to determine EC₅₀ of exposed daphnids. Video-recorded swimming behavior of both daphnids was used to measure swimming speeds after various exposures to aggregated CeO₂ NPs. The acute ecotoxicity showed that D. similis is 350 times more sensitive to CeO₂ NPs than D. pulex, showing 48-h EC₅₀ of 0.26 mg.L⁻¹ and 91.79 mg.L⁻¹, respectively. Both species interacted with CeO₂ NPs (adsorption), but much more strongly in the case of D. similis. Swimming velocities (SV) were differently and significantly affected by CeO₂ NPs for both species. A 48-h exposure to 1 mg.L⁻¹ induced a decrease of 30% and 40% of the SV in D. pulex and D. similis, respectively. However at higher concentrations, the SV of D. similis was more impacted (60% off for 10 mg.L⁻¹ and 100 mg.L⁻¹) than the one of D. pulex. These interspecific toxic effects of CeO₂ NPs are explained by morphological variations such as the presence of reliefs on the cuticle and a longer distal spine in D. similis acting as traps for the CeO₂ aggregates. In addition, D. similis has a mean SV double that of D. pulex and thus initially collides with twice more NPs aggregates. The ecotoxicological consequences on the behavior and physiology of a CeO₂ NPs exposure in daphnids are discussed.
Published: 2013
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8. The SERENADE project; a step forward in the safe by design process of nanomaterials: The benefits of a diverse and interdisciplinary approach

Author: Jérôme Labille, Stéphane Peyron, Thierry Heulin, Sébastien Artous, Mélanie Auffan, Claire A. Auplat, Thierry Rabilloud, Isabelle Capron, Henri Wortham, Marie Carrière, Delphine Truffier-Boutry, Armand Masion, Laurent Charlet, Bernard Cathala, Camille de Garidel-Thoron, Gregory Brochard, Catherine Santaella, Thierry Orsière, Simon Clavaguera, Jérôme Rose, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ARC-Nucleart CEA Grenoble (NUCLEART), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ALLIOS 105 Chemin de Saint-Menet aux Accates, 13011 Marseille, France, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Protéomique pour la Microbiologie, l'Immunilogie et la Toxicologie (PROMIT), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), ANR-11-LABX-0064,SERENADE,Vers une conception de nanomatériaux innovants, durables et sûrs(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département des Technologies des NanoMatériaux (DTNM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALLIOS, Chimie Interface Biologie pour l’Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et d'Environnements Extrêmes (LEMIRE), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Protéomique pour la Microbiologie, l'Immunologie et la Toxicologie (PROMIT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS for the funding of the IRP iNOVE, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), ANR11-IDEX-0001-02, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission., Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Technology readiness, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Advanced materials, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Resource (project management), Originality, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Hazard, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 0104 chemical sciences, Variety (cybernetics), [SDV.ETH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ethics, Engineering management, Product life-cycle management, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Design process, 0210 nano-technology, Biotechnology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Developing safe nanomaterials has become a major concern in all the industry sectors using advanced materials. However, there are very few initiatives addressing this issue. The SERENADE project, with its long-term funding scheme, provided a unique opportunity to foster a coordinated, yet diverse approach to investigate the safe-by-design development of nanomaterials in a variety of application fields, using a targeted set of inter-disciplinary case studies. The originality of the approach was to cover as many multiple technology readiness levels (TRLs) and life cycle stages as possible, combined with shared hazard and end- of-life assessments in an effort towards a (more) comprehensive and resource driven research.
Published: 2021
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9. MESOCOSM: A mesocosm database management system for environmental nanosafety: MESOCOSM

Author: Christine Ogilvie Hendren, Mélanie Auffan, Jérôme Rose, Mark R. Wiesner, Ali Ayadi, Camille de Garidel-Thoron, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Duke University [Durham]
Subjects: Mesocosm testing, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Engineered nanomaterials, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Database management system, Mesocosm, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Environmental hazard, Paint, Humans, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Risk assessment, FAIR data, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Environmental exposure and hazards, Database, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental exposure, Environmental Exposure, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Hazard, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Nanostructures, Manufacturing sector, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Database Management Systems, Occupational exposure, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], 0210 nano-technology, Safety Research, computer
Abstract: International audience; Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are intentionally designed and produced by humans to revolutionize the manufacturing sector, such as electronic goods, paints, tires, clothes, cosmetic products, and biomedicine. With the spread of these ENMs in our daily lives, scientific research have generated a huge amount of data related to their potential impacts on human and environment health. To date, these data are gathered in databases mainly focused on the (eco)toxicity and occupational exposure to ENMs. These databases are therefore not suitable to build well-informed environmental exposure scenarios covering the life cycle of ENMs. In this paper, we report the construction of one of the first centralized mesocosm database management system for environmental nanosafety (called MESOCOSM) containing experimental data collected from mesocosm experiments suited for understanding and quantifying both the environmental hazard and exposure. The database, which is publicly available through https://aliayadi.github.io/MESOCOSM-database/, contains 5200 entities covering tens of unique experiments investigating Ag, CeO 2 , CuO, TiO 2-based ENMs as well as nano-enabled products. These entities are divided into different groups i.e. physicochemical properties of ENMS, environmental, exposure and hazard endpoints, and other general information about the mesocosm testing, resulting in more than forty parameters in the database. The MESOCOSM database is equipped with a powerful application, consisting of a graphical user interface (GUI), allowing users to manage and search data using complex queries without relying on programmers. MESOCOSM aims to predict and explain ENMs behavior and fate in different ecosystems as well as their potential impacts on the environment at different stages of the nanoproducts lifecycle. MESOCOSM is expected to benefit the nanosafety community by providing a continuous source of critical information and additional characterization factors for predicting ENMs interactions with the environment and their risks.
Published: 2021
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10. CeO2 Nanomaterials from Diesel Engine Exhaust Induce DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Human and Rat Sperm In Vitro

Author: Jeanne Perrin, Stéphane Robert, Noémie Resseguier, Jérôme Rose, Virginie Tassistro, Mélanie Auffan, Martina Cotena, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Duke University [Durham], Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/10-LABX-0064,Imust,Institut for Multiscale Science and Technology : from Fundamental Physics and Chemistry to Engineering in New Material and Processes and Ecotechnologies(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02/11-IDEX-0001,AMIDEX,AMIDEX(2011), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Durham] (CEE), Plateforme AMUTICYT [Marseille], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AMIDEXH2020UNIV-AMUCNRsECCOREV n° 3098, ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), European Project: 713750,H2020,H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2015,DOC2AMU(2016), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR: 11-IDEX-0001,AMIDEX,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: reproductive toxicity, DNA damage, NMs life cycle, General Chemical Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, Diesel engine, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Article, lcsh:Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Diesel fuel, medicine, General Materials Science, Internalization, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Sperm, In vitro, 3. Good health, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Oxidative stress, ageing, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biophysics, nanoparticles, Reproductive toxicity, combustion
Abstract: Cerium dioxide nanomaterials (CeO2 NMs) are widely used in nano-based diesel additives to decrease the emission of toxic compounds, but they have been shown to increase the emission of ultrafine particles as well as the amount of released Ce. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development included CeO2 NMs in the priority list of nanomaterials that require urgent evaluation, and the potential hazard of aged CeO2 NM exposure remains unexplored. Herein, human and rat sperm cells were exposed in vitro to a CeO2 NM-based diesel additive (called EnviroxTM), burned at 850 &deg, C to mimic its release after combustion in a diesel engine. We demonstrated significant DNA damage after in vitro exposure to the lowest tested concentration (1 &micro, g&middot, L&minus, 1) using the alkaline comet assay (ACA). We also showed a significant increase in oxidative stress in human sperm after in vitro exposure to 1 &micro, 1 aged CeO2 NMs evaluated by the H2DCF-DA probe. Electron microscopy showed no internalization of aged CeO2 NMs in human sperm but an affinity for the head plasma membrane. The results obtained in this study provide some insight on the complex cellular mechanisms by which aged CeO2 NMs could exert in vitro biological effects on human spermatozoa and generate ROS.
Published: 2020
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11. The shape and speciation of Ag nanoparticles drive their impacts on organisms in a lotic ecosystem

Author: Corinne Chanéac, Mélanie Auffan, Mark R. Wiesner, Bernard Angeletti, Jean-Yves Bottero, Lenka Brousset, Jérôme Rose, Alain Thiéry, E. Morel, Julien Issartel, Marie Tella, Clément Levard, Jean-Louis Hazemann, Catherine Santaella, Mohamed Barakat, Philippe Ortet, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et d'Environnements Extrêmes (LEMIRE), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analyses des eaux, sols et végétaux (US Analyses), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Duke University [Durham], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)European Commission, ANR-10-NANO-0006,MESONNET,Utilisation de mésocosmes terrestres et aquatiques en réseau pour l'évaluation du risque associé à la dispersion de nanoparticules manufacturées(2010), European Project: 310584,EC:FP7:NMP,FP7-NMP-2012-LARGE-6,NANOREG(2013), Novel Advanced Nano-Objects (LCMCP-NANO), Matériaux Hybrides et Nanomatériaux (LCMCP-MHN), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS)
Subjects: nanomaterials [EN], River ecosystem, Materials Science (miscellaneous), media_common.quotation_subject, Argent, 010501 environmental sciences, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Mesocosm, Plancton, 03 medical and health sciences, Milieu lotique, Water column, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Stress oxydatif, Impact sur l'environnement, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Plankton, Bioaccumulation, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Speciation, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, M40 - Écologie aquatique, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, P02 - Pollution
Abstract: International audience; Silver nanomaterials with different shapes (spheres, plates, wires, rods, cubes) are valued by industries and scientists for their shape-dependent properties which make them useful for diverse applications. In a saferby-design perspective, controlling the shape of Ag nanomaterials could be an option to increase their properties while lowering either their hazard or their exposure potentials. Nine indoor aquatic mesocosms reproducing a lotic ecosystem were contaminated with chronic low-level additions of Ag nanospheres (Sp-Ag) and nanoplates (Pl-Ag) for a month. A shape-dependent impact under such environmentally relevant exposure conditions was observed. Pl-Ag induced a moderate oxidative stress in adult Gammarus fossarum (after molting) and a hormesis effect on planktonic microbial communities, while Sp-Ag had no effect. In an environmental risk perspective, our results highlight which ecological niches of a lotic ecosystem would be more impacted by Pl-Ag: (i) >72% of the total Ag was found fully sulfidized in surficial sediment and had only a moderate impact on benthic macro-organisms, (ii) only 11% to 15% of the Ag remained in the water column after 1 month, but Ag was under a more reactive speciation that impacts the planktonic community.
Published: 2020
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12. Anthropogenic Release and Distribution of Titanium Dioxide Particles in a River Downstream of a Nanomaterial Manufacturer Industrial Site

Author: Jérôme Rose, Nelly Guéniche, Andrea Campos, Olivier Aguerre-Chariol, Daniel Borschneck, Bernard Angeletti, Mélanie Auffan, Danielle L. Slomberg, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Duke University [Durham], Fédération Sciences Chimiques Marseille (FSCM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)European CommissionFrench Agency for the Environmental and Energetic Management (ADEME) - 2015 CORTEA call1581C0027, ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), and ANR-11-LABX-0064,SERENADE,Vers une conception de nanomatériaux innovants, durables et sûrs(2011)
Subjects: Anatase, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, manufactured TiO 2 nanomaterials, environmental exposure, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Industrial waste, anthropogenic emission, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, river ecosystem, sediment accumulation, aggregation, Sediment, Environmental exposure, Particulates, manufactured TiO2 nanomaterials, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Rutile, Environmental chemistry, Titanium dioxide, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Sewage treatment
Abstract: International audience; Several industries manufacture and process large quantities of engineered nanomaterials, thus increasing the potential for their environmental release during waste management and disposal. Herein, we quantified the release and spatial distribution of titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2 NMs) emitted from an industrial waste stream that flows into a nearby river. Two sampling campaigns were carried out on the river in fall 2017 and spring 2018 at selected sites upstream and downstream of the Industrial Effluent and an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Significant Ti accumulation was detected in the sediments at the Industrial Effluent and WWTP sites for both fall and spring samples, with measured Ti concentrations of 75–193 mg Ti/kg reaching 21–55× that of the local background upstream. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the anatase and rutile mineralogy of the inputs. River surface waters were filtered on-site to distinguish between particulate (>0.20 μm), colloidal (0.02–0.20 μm), and dissolved and/or small nanoparticulate (NP) (0.20 μm), and that the particles sediment rapidly near the emission source and accumulate in the sediment.
Published: 2020
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13. Multivariate analysis of the exposure and hazard of ceria nanomaterials in indoor aquatic mesocosms

Author: Mohammad Nassar, Catherine Santaella, Armand Masion, Mélanie Auffan, Jérôme Rose, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie végétale et microbiologie environnementale - UMR7265 (BVME), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), NanoInformaTIX, French National Research Agency (ANR)European project NanoInformaTIXH2020-NMBP-TO-IND-2018-2020-814426Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)European Commission, ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Multivariate analysis, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Aquatic ecosystem, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Hazard, Mesocosm, Surface coating, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Ecosystem, 0210 nano-technology, Risk assessment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The vast diversity of applications using nanomaterials and enhanced physicochemical properties at the nanoscale have raised questions concerning their potential environmental risks. Assessing the risk of nanomaterials in a real ecosystem is extremely challenging because of the system complexity and the relevant environmental doses tested. To provide ultimate interpretations about nanomaterial risk assessment, we combined ceria nanomaterial behavior, fate and impact analysis within indoor aquatic mesocosms with multivariate analysis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the exposure scenario to CeO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) constitutes the main parameter to consider while investigating the risk for a given ecosystem. Moreover, following single pulse dosing of CeO 2 NPs, the global response of the pond ecosystem was time dependent. However, multiple dosing contamination failed to significantly perturb the system over time. Finally, the NP surface coating was found to play a secondary role and to affect the global response of the pond ecosystem in the short term only.
Published: 2020
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14. The necessity of investigating a freshwater-marine continuum using a mesocosm approach in nanosafety: The case study of TiO2 MNM-based photocatalytic cement

Author: Alain Thiéry, Amélie Châtel, Simon Clavaguera, Lenka Brousset, Yohann Gandolfo, Hanane Perrein-Ettajani, Isabelle Métais, Perrine Chaurand, Mélanie Bruneau, Mélanie Auffan, Mohammed Mouloud, Catherine Mouneyrac, Jérôme Rose, Armand Masion, Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Duke University [Durham], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-13-CESA-0014,nanoSALT,Nanomatériaux à travers un gradient de salinité: exposition et effets ecotoxicologiques au cours de leur cycle de vie (production, utilisation, fin de vie)(2013), European Project: 310584,EC:FP7:NMP,FP7-NMP-2012-LARGE-6,NANOREG(2013), Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, BIOlogie des populations, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials Science (miscellaneous), Context (language use), Scrobicularia plana, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mesocosm, Manufactured nanomaterials, Water column, Planorbarius corneus, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cement, biology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Bioaccumulation, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0210 nano-technology, Safety Research, TiO2MNMs
Abstract: International audience; Production of Manufactured Nanomaterials (MNMs) has increased extensively due to economic interest in the current years. However, this widespread use raises concern about their impact on human and environment. Current efforts are made, both at national and international levels to help developing safer MNMs in the market. In order to assess hazards of MNMs, it is important to take into account exposome parameters in order to link fate and behavior of MNMs to their potential toxicity. In that context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TiO2 MNMs-based cement at different levels of its life cycle (TiO2MNMs, cement containing TiO2 MNMs) on two exposure mesocosm scenarios mimicking: marine conditions using the bivalve Scrobicularia plana and freshwater conditions using the gastropod Planorbarius corneus for 28 days, allowing measurements of physical-chemical parameters throughout the duration of the exposure. Similar results were observed in both exposure conditions since in the two scenarios Ti was removed from the water column and accumulated in surficial sediments. While in P. corneus, statistically different concentrations of Ti were measured in the digestive glands compared to controls following exposure to TiO2 MNMs, elevated background of Ti concentrations were measured in the controls of S. plana that did not allow to discriminating any bioaccumulation process. In addition, both TiO2 MNMs and TiO2MNM-based cement exposed S. plana did not present any activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs). This study demonstrates the robustness of using both freshwater and marine mesocosms for evaluation of risk associated with nanomaterial.
Published: 2020
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15. Ontology-based NLP information extraction to enrich nanomaterial environmental exposure database

Author: Jérôme Rose, Ali Ayadi, Mélanie Auffan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Duke University [Durham], ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics [Strasbourg] (CSTB), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Durham] (CEE)
Subjects: NLP techniques, Engineered nanomaterials, Information extraction, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, Ontology (information science), computer.software_genre, Field (computer science), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Domain ontology, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Quality (business), General Environmental Science, media_common, Database, business.industry, Experimental data, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Environmental exposure, Hazard, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Mesocosms, 3. Good health, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Database enrichment, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], business, computer, Natural language processing
Abstract: International audience; In recent years, nanotechnologies have led to undeniable progress in any domains, such as electronics, materials and medicine. Despite the benefits of such a technology, a careful assessment of the potential risks for Human and Environmental health have to be studied. Assessing exposure and hazard to nanomaterials is a major challenge in the field of environmental sciences. This task requires to gather a large amount of meaningful experimental data usually generated by laboratory experiments. A first database of environmental exposure to nanomaterials (EXPOSED database) has been developed to gather data generated during mesocosm experiments. The challenge is now to enrich this database with more data from scientific articles in related fields. Herein, we present an ontology-based Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach to automatically extract and transfer data from text sources to database. This approach combines the use of NLP techniques and a domain ontology to automatically extract environmental exposure and hazards information. This approach was tested to enrich the EXPOSED database and indicators of quality highlight that this approach is effective and promising.
Published: 2020
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16. Monitoring the Environmental Aging of Nanomaterials: An Opportunity for Mesocosm Testing?

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Armand Masion, Jérôme Rose, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02/11-LABX-0064,SERENADE,Vers une conception de nanomatériaux innovants, durables et sûrs(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Masion, Armand, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Technology, Article, Mesocosm, nanomaterial, environmental aging, mesocosm, material life-time, General Materials Science, lcsh:Microscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:QC120-168.85, lcsh:QH201-278.5, lcsh:T, Life time, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Hazard, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, lcsh:TA1-2040, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Environmental aging, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, Biochemical engineering, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:TK1-9971
Abstract: International audience; Traditional aging protocols typically examine only the e↵ects of a limited number of stresses, and relatively harsh conditions may trigger degradation mechanisms that are not observed in actual situations. Environmental aging is, in essence, the complex interaction of multiple mechanical, physicochemical and biological stresses. As yet, there is no (pre)standardized procedure that addresses this issue in a satisfactory manner. Mesocosm experiments can be designed to specifically cover the aging of nanomaterials while characterizing the associated exposure and hazard. The scenario of exposure and the life time of the nanomaterial appear as the predominant factors in the design of the experiment, and appropriate precautions need to be taken. This should the subject of guidance that may be divided into product/application categories. 1. The Importance of the Aging Factor There are still major knowledge gaps in the risk assessment of nanomaterials, especially in the post-production stages of their life cycle. However, in most cases, the use and end-of-life phases are by far the longest periods, and this extended duration is a potential concern with regard to exposure to nanomaterials, as well as associated hazards. Apart from a few exceptions, nanomaterials with the desired properties are not used "as is", but are embedded in the final product after several formulation steps (e.g., encapsulation, attachment/embedding into a matrix, etc.) for targeted functionality, better product safety, or simply ease of use. As a consequence, the pristine/isolated nanoparticle is no longer the only compound that needs to be considered in risk assessment. The nature and the structure of the bearing matrix control the exposure to the nanomaterial and the associated hazard. In other words, the entire nano-enabled product and its evolution with time, i.e., aging, become determining factors in the risk assessment. While a newly manufactured product should not be a concern for the consumer or the environment, aging is likely to change the mobility and the speciation of embedded nanomaterials, and may cause potential adverse e↵ects towards the consumer and/or the environment. As a consequence, attention needs to be paid to the degradation of the matrix, shell(s) and coating(s) surrounding the nanomaterial in order to avoid its release in a form that is, or might become, hazardous. It is noteworthy that understanding the (bio)physicochemical mechanisms of matrix degradation leading to nanomaterial release is challenging and requires the use of powerful characterization tools [1-3]. Therefore, even if release is a direct consequence of the degradation of the matrix, aging is often studied via the quantification of the release with simple metrics.
Published: 2019
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17. A sub-individual multilevel approach for an integrative assessment of CuO nanoparticle effects on Corbicula fluminea *

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Vanessa Koehlé-Divo, Catherine Mouneyrac, Bénédicte Sohm, Daniele Pauly, Laure Giamberini, Sandrine Pain-Devin, Justine Flayac, Simon Devin, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-3-CESA-0014/NANOSALT], CPER Lorraine-ZAM (Contrat Projet Etat Region Lorraine, Zone Atelier Moselle) Région Grand-Est, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Research ministry, Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Region Grand-Est, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)European Commission, Ministry of Research, France, and ANR-13-CESA-0014,nanoSALT,Nanomatériaux à travers un gradient de salinité: exposition et effets ecotoxicologiques au cours de leur cycle de vie (production, utilisation, fin de vie)(2013)
Subjects: Thioredoxin Reductase 1, Antioxidant, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP), Biochemical effects, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, Defence mechanisms, Metal Nanoparticles, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Antioxidants, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, Corbicula fluminea, Gene, Corbicula, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Filtration rate, Glutathione Peroxidase, biology, Chemistry, Superoxide Dismutase, Bivalve, General Medicine, Metabolism, biology.organism_classification, Catalase, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Hsp70, Biochemistry, Molecular Response, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Cats, Copper, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: International audience; Because they are widely used, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are likely to enter the aquatic environment and then reach the sediment. We have examined the effect of CuO NPs in the freshwater endobenthic bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Some previous studies have investigated effects at biochemical and physiological levels, but molecular endpoints are still poorly studied despite they are sensitive in early detection of NPs effect. In the present study, we have investigated short-term effects (96 h) of CuO NP (12, 30 nm; 0, 20 and 100 mg/L) using molecular endpoints as well as more conventional biochemical and physiological markers. The expression of antioxidant (CuZnSOD, MnSOD, Cat, Se-GPx, Trxr) and antitoxic (GST-Pi, HSP70, MT, Pgp, MRP1) related genes was measured at the mRNA level while anti-oxidant (SOD, TAC) and antitoxic (GST, ACP) defenses, energetic reserves and metabolism (ETS, Tri, LDH), and cellular damages (LPO) were assessed using a biochemical approach. The filtration rate measured at 96 h provided information at the physiological scale. Gene expression and filtration rate were responsive to CuO NPs but the effects differed according to the NP size. The results suggest that defense mechanisms may have been set up following 30 nm-NP exposure. The response to 12 nm-NP was lower but still showed that exposure to 12 nm-NP led to activation of cellular elimination mechanisms. The lowering of the filtration rate may have protected the organisms from the contamination. However, this raised the question of further repercussions on organism biology. Together, the results (i) indicate that CuO NP may exert effects at different levels even after a short-term exposure and (ii) point out the precocity of molecular response.
Published: 2019
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18. Contribution of mesocosm testing to a single-step and exposure-driven environmental risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Mouneyrac, Christine Ogilvie Hendren, Jérôme Rose, Catherine Santaella, Camille de Garidel-Thoron, Alain Thiéry, Jean-Yves Bottero, Armand Masion, Mark R. Wiesner, Laure Giamberini, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Duke University [Durham], Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et d'Environnements Extrêmes (LEMIRE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02/11-LABX-0064,SERENADE,Vers une conception de nanomatériaux innovants, durables et sûrs(2011), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02/11-IDEX-0001,AMIDEX,AMIDEX(2011)
Subjects: Materials Science (miscellaneous), Mesocosm experiment, Engineered nanomaterials, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Single step, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Hazard, Environmental risk, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Mesocosm, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Biochemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Risk assessment, Safety Research, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Environmental risk assessment
Abstract: International audience; Environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials generally relies on a decision-tree based strategy which provides guidance and protocols for the determination of a collection of hazard end-points. Mesocosm testing is based on a different approach. This method consists in monitoring the evolution of a recreated miniature ecosystem subsequent to a nanomaterial contamination. The only decision in this risk assessment strategy is the definition of an environmentally relevant exposure scenario (incl. dose), which, given current analytical capabilities, may unfavorably affect the nature and precision of parameters and end points to be determined. Despite these limitations, mesocosm testing bears clear advantages for the determination of both exposure and hazard in a single experiment, and for producing dependable and intercomparable data.
Published: 2019
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19. Phytoavailability of silver at predicted environmental concentrations: does the initial ionic or nanoparticulate form matter?

Author: Philippe Ortet, Mohamed Barakat, Mélanie Montes, Clément Levard, Mélanie Auffan, Claire Chevassus-Rosset, Catherine Santaella, Emmanuel Doelsch, Clément Layet, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (ICEINT), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et d'Environnements Extrêmes (LEMIRE), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Duke University [Durham], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02/11-IDEX-0001,AMIDEX,AMIDEX(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Recyclage et risque (UPR Recyclage et risque), French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), Labex SERENADE, Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University - A*MIDEX, a French 'Investissements d'Avenir' program, through its associated Labex SERENADE project, INSU (CNRS), CNRS, ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Materials Science (miscellaneous), F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Argent, Nanoparticle, Ionic bonding, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Soil classification, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Physiologie végétale, Soil water, Carbonate, 0210 nano-technology, Festuca arundinacea, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Silver phytoavailability in exposure scenarios close to predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) has rarely been studied. The ISO-standardized RHIZOtest, based on a root mat technique, was used to expose tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) to silver at a concentration close to 0.0015 mg kg −1 and 100 times higher (0.15 mg kg −1) than PEC in soils (the PEC of Ag nanoparticulate in the soil range from 6 × 10 −6 to 1.4 × 10 −3 mg kg −1). Silver was supplied in the form of nanoparticles with organic (PVP) or inorganic (SiO 2) coating, or as dissolved Ag (AgNO 3), in different soil types, with contrasting properties, including pH, cationic exchange capacity, and carbonate, organic matter, and clay contents. The Ag concentration was quantified in plant roots and leaves and in soil solutions using ICP-MS spectrometry. Multivariate analyses showed that the form of Ag, nanoparticulate or ionic, had no impact on either the flux or the translocation of Ag in plants (p-value > 0.05). At a silver concentration close to PEC, Ag phytoavailability from Ag NPs or AgNO 3 was indistinguishable from that of geogenic Ag. At 100× PEC, the type of soil, mainly clay and carbonate contents , controlled the Ag flux. While both decreased Ag in soil solution, clays and carbonates showed antagonistic actions in modulating the Ag flux. We hypothesize that proton root exudation locally dissolves car-bonates and releases phytoavailable Ag, while immobilizing Ag on the edges of clays.
Published: 2019
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20. Non-linear release dynamics for a CeO

Author: Lorette, Scifo, Perrine, Chaurand, Nathan, Bossa, Astrid, Avellan, Mélanie, Auffan, Armand, Masion, Bernard, Angeletti, Isabelle, Kieffer, Jérôme, Labille, Jean-Yves, Bottero, and Jérôme, Rose
Subjects: Nonlinear Dynamics, Ultraviolet Rays, Cerium, Coloring Agents, Weather, Wood, Nanocomposites
Abstract: The release of CeO
Published: 2018

21. Non-linear release dynamics for a CeO2 nanomaterial embedded in a protective wood stain, due to matrix photo-degradation

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Perrine Chaurand, Jérôme Labille, Jérôme Rose, Nathan Bossa, Isabelle Kieffer, Bernard Angeletti, Jean-Yves Bottero, Lorette Scifo, Armand Masion, Astrid Avellan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), BM30B/FAME, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), TECNALIA Foundation, 'Excellence Initiative' of Aix-Marseille University A*MIDEX, a French 'Investissements d'Avenir' program, through its associated Labex SERENADE [ANR-11-LABX-0064], European Project: 604305,EC:FP7:NMP,FP7-NMP-2013-LARGE-7,SUN(2013), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Polymer nanocomposite, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Weathering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Stain, Irradiation, Photodegradation, Photo-degradation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nanocomposite, Chemistry, Polymer nanocomposites, General Medicine, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Aging of nanomaterials, Pollution, Wood stain, Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) release, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Acrylic stain, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Leaching (metallurgy), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The release of CeO2-bearing residues during the weathering of an acrylic stain enriched with CeO2 nanomaterial designed for wood protection (Nanobyk brand additive) was studied under two different scenarios: (i) a standard 12-weeks weathering protocol in climate chamber, that combined condensation, water spraying and UV–visible irradiation and (ii) an alternative accelerated 2-weeks leaching batch assay relying on the same weathering factors (water and UV), but with a higher intensity of radiation and immersion phases. Similar Ce released amounts were evidenced for both scenarios following two phases: one related to the removal of loosely bound material with a relatively limited release, and the other resulting from the degradation of the stain, where major release occurred. A non-linear evolution of the release with the UV dose was evidenced for the second phase. No stabilization of Ce emissions was reached at the end of the experiments. The two weathering tests led to different estimates of long-term Ce releases, and different degradations of the stain. Finally, the photo-degradations of the nanocomposite, the pure acrylic stains and the Nanobyk additive were compared. The incorporation of Nanobyk into the acrylic matrix significantly modified the response of the acrylic stain to weathering.
Published: 2018
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22. Very low concentration of cerium dioxide nanoparticles induce DNA damage, but no loss of vitality, in human spermatozoa

Author: Jeanne Perrin, I. Sari-Minodier, Lise Preaubert, Mélanie Auffan, Jérôme Rose, Virginie Tassistro, Blandine Courbiere, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Marseille], Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, DNA damage, Cell Survival, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, Metal Nanoparticles, Human spermatozoa, 010501 environmental sciences, Environment, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Cerium dioxide nanoparticles, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, medicine, Humans, Internalization, Comet assay, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, General Medicine, Cerium, Spermatozoa, In vitro, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Biophysics, Reproductive toxicity, DNA, Genotoxicity
Abstract: International audience; Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NP) are widely used for industrial purposes, as in diesel, paint, wood stain and as potential therapeutic applications. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development included CeO 2 NP in the priority list of nanomaterials requiring urgent evaluation. As metal nanoparticles can cross the blood-testis barrier, CeO 2 NP could interact with spermatozoa. The genotoxicity of CeO 2 NP was demonstrated in vitro on human cell lines and mouse gametes. However, the effects of CeO 2 NP on human spermatozoa DNA remain unknown. We showed significant DNA damage induced in vitro by CeO 2 NP on human spermatozoa using Comet assay. The genotoxicity was inversely proportional to the concentration (0.01 to 10 mg·L −1). TEM showed no internalization of CeO 2 NP into the spermatozoa. This study shows for the first time that in vitro exposure to very low concentrations of cerium dioxide nanoparticles can induce significant DNA damage in human spermatozoa. These results add new and important insights regarding the reproductive toxicity of priority nanomaterials, which require urgent evaluation.
Published: 2018
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23. Biological Fate of Fe3O4 Core-Shell Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Depending on Particle Surface Chemistry

Author: Jean-Marie Devoisselle, Wei Liu, Joséphine Lai-Kee-Him, Yannick Guari, Mélanie Auffan, Afitz Da Silva, Magali Gary-Bobo, Estelle Rascol, Morgane Daurat, Patrick Bron, Bernard Angeletti, Clarence Charnay, Marie Maynadier, Christophe Dorandeu, Joël Chopineau, Marcel Garcia, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), NanoMedSyn (NMS), Centre de Biochimie Structurale [Montpellier] (CBS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] ( IBMM ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier ( IRCM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Centre de Biochimie Structurale [Montpellier] ( CBS ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions cellulaires et moléculaires ( ICM ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -IFR140-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), School of Computer [Chine], National University of Defense Technology [Changsha], Chimie moléculaire et organisation du solide ( CMOS ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NanoMedSyn, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Beaussier, Catherine
Subjects: safety, General Chemical Engineering, Nanoparticle, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Nanotechnology, nanoparticles, surface coating, cell-membrane interactions, biodistribution, 02 engineering and technology, Polyethylene glycol, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, Cell membrane, chemistry.chemical_compound, PEG ratio, medicine, General Materials Science, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, Lipid bilayer, Chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Mesoporous silica, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surface coating, [INFO.INFO-BT] Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Membrane, Chemical engineering, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, [ INFO.INFO-BT ] Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; The biological fate of nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications is highly dependent of their size and charge, their aggregation state and their surface chemistry. The chemical composition of the NPs surface influences their stability in biological fluids, their interaction with proteins, and their attraction to the cell membranes. In this work, core-shell magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @MSN), that are considered as potential theranostic candidates, are coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) lipid bilayer. Their biological fate is studied in comparison to the native NPs. The physicochemical properties of these three types of NPs and their suspension behavior in different media are investigated. The attraction to a membrane model is also evaluated using a supported lipid bilayer. The surface composition of NPs strongly influences their dispersion in biological fluids mimics, protein binding and their interaction with cell membrane. While none of these types of NPs is found to be toxic on mice four days after intravenous injection of a dose of 40 mg kg 1 of NPs, their surface coating nature influences the in vivo biodistribution. Importantly, NP coated with DMPC exhibit a strong accumulation in liver and a very low accumulation in lung in comparison with nude or PEG ones.
Published: 2017
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24. Long-term aging of a CeO2 based nanocomposite used for wood protection

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Jérôme Rose, Fabio Ziarelli, Jérôme Labille, Wei Liu, Jean-Yves Bottero, Christophe Geantet, Armand Masion, Marie-Ange Diot, Luca Olivi, Perrine Chaurand, Olivier Proux, RAFFINAGE (RAFFINAGE), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, UV filter, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Citric Acid, Nanocomposites, Nanomaterials, Desorption, Weather, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nanocomposite, Chemistry, Cerium, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, General Medicine, Carbon-13 NMR, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Wood, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Pollution, XANES, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Sunlight, Degradation (geology), Chemical stability, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: RAFFINAGE+CGE; A multi-scale methodology was used to characterize the long-term behavior and chemical stability of a CeO2-based nanocomposite used as UV filter in wood stains. ATR-FTIR and C-13 NMR demonstrated that the citrate coated chelates with Ce(IV) through its central carboxyl- and its alpha-hydroxyl- groups at the surface of the unaged nanocomposite. After 42 days under artificial daylight, the citrate completely disappeared and small amount of degradation products remained attached to the surface even after 112 days. Moreover, the release/desorption of the citrate layer led to a surface reorganization of the nano-sized CeO2 core observed by XANES (Ce L-3-edge). Such a surface and structural transformation of the commercialized nanocomposite could have implications in term of fate, transport, and potential impacts towards the environment. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014
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25. Assessing ecotoxicity and uptake of metals and metalloids in relation to two different earthworm species (Eiseina hortensis and Lumbricus terrestris)

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Yvan Capowiez, Eva Schreck, Annabelle Austruy, Thibaut Leveque, Yann Foucault, Camille Dumat, Christophe Mazzia, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Ministère de l'agriculture, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Société de Traitements Chimiques des Métaux (STCM), Toulouse, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dumat, Camille
Subjects: métal, biotest, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, propriétés du sol, 010501 environmental sciences, Ecotoxicologie, Ecotoxicology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, réponse comportementale, absorption des métaux, lombrics, Soil Pollutants, Metalloids, Animal biology, biology, antimoine, zinc, oligo élément minéral, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Pollution, biodisponibilité des polluants, eisenia hortensis, absorption des métalloïdes, bioaccumulation, métalloïde, cuivre, ver de terre, écotoxicité, Metals, Environmental chemistry, Bioaccumulation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Energy source, Bioturbation, Lumbricus terrestris, lumbricus terrestris, Environmental Monitoring, cadmium, oligo-élément inorganique, retombée atmosphérique, Risk Assessment, écotoxicité du sol, Species Specificity, plomb, Biologie animale, Toxicity Tests, Animals, métal lourd, Oligochaeta, propriété du sol, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Earthworm, arsenic, biology.organism_classification, pollution du sol, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Ecotoxicity
Abstract: International audience; Due to diffuse atmospheric fallouts of process particles enriched by metals and metalloids, polluted soils concern large areas at the global scale. Useful tools to assess ecotoxicity induced by these polluted soils are therefore needed. Earthworms are currently used as biotest, however the influence of specie and earthworm behaviour, soil characteristics are poorly highlighted. Our aim was therefore to assess the toxicity of various polluted soils with process particles enriches by metals and metalloids (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, As and Sb) collected from a lead recycling facility on two earthworm species belonging to different ecological types and thus likely to have contrasted behavioural responses (Eiseina hortensis and Lum-bricus terrestris). The combination of behavioural factors measurements (cast production and biomass) and physico-chemical parameters such as metal absorption, bioaccumulation by earthworms and their localization in invertebrate tissues provided a valuable indication of pollutant bioavailability and ecotoxicity. Soil characteristics influenced ecotoxicity and metal uptake by earthworms, as well as their soil bioturbation.
Published: 2013
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26. Stealth Biocompatible Si-Based Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Author: Laure Lichon, Armand Masion, Marcel Garcia, Magali Gary-Bobo, Mélanie Auffan, Alain Morère, Morgane Daurat, Bernard Angeletti, Khaled El Cheikh, Arnaud Chaix, Frédérique Cunin, Wei Liu, Jean-Olivier Durand, Afitz Da Silva, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Computer [Chine], National University of Defense Technology [Changsha], Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] ( IBMM ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)
Subjects: Materials science, Biocompatibility, General Chemical Engineering, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Polyethylene glycol, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, porous silicon nanoparticle, surface functionalization, PEG, mannose, stealth properties, biodegradation kinetic, biocompatibility, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, lcsh:Chemistry, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, In vivo, PEG ratio, General Materials Science, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDV.SP.PG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Galenic pharmacology, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Drug delivery, Surface modification, Nanocarriers, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; A challenge regarding the design of nanocarriers for drug delivery is to prevent their recognition by the immune system. To improve the blood residence time and prevent their capture by organs, nanoparticles can be designed with stealth properties using polymeric coating. In this study, we focused on the influence of surface modification with polyethylene glycol and/or mannose on the stealth behavior of porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNP, similar to 200 nm). In vivo biodistribution of pSiNPs formulations were evaluated in mice 5 h after intravenous injection. Results indicated that the distribution in the organs was surface functionalization-dependent. Pristine pSiNPs and PEGylated pSiNPs were distributed mainly in the liver and spleen, while mannose-functionalized pSiNPs escaped capture by the spleen, and had higher blood retention. The most efficient stealth behavior was observed with PEGylated pSiNPs anchored with mannose that were the most excreted in urine at 5 h. The biodegradation kinetics evaluated in vitro were in agreement with these in vivo observations. The biocompatibility of the pristine and functionalized pSiNPs was confirmed in vitro on human cell lines and in vivo by cytotoxic and systemic inflammation investigations, respectively. With their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and stealth properties, the pSiNPs functionalized with mannose and PEG show promising potential for biomedical applications.
Published: 2017
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27. High-Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A Powerful New Structural Tool in Environmental Biogeochemistry Sciences

Author: Eric Lahera, Jérôme Rose, Isabelle Kieffer, Elena F. Bazarkina, Denis Testemale, Mohammed Irar, Mélanie Auffan, Jean-Louis Hazemann, William Del Net, Marie Tella, Sara A. Thomas, Antonio Aguilar-Tapia, Alain Prat, Olivier Proux, Mauro Rovezzi, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), MRS - Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure, Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Evanston], Northwestern University [Evanston], Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), X'Press - X'Press, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-07-NANO-027-NanoSurf,ANR-07-NANO-027-NanoSurf, ANR-10-NANO-0006,MESONNET,Utilisation de mésocosmes terrestres et aquatiques en réseau pour l'évaluation du risque associé à la dispersion de nanoparticules manufacturées(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0056/10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), ANR-10-EQPX-0027/10-EQPX-0027,EcoX,Ligne de lumière microfocus et très haute dilution à l’ESRF pour les sciences de l’environnement(2010), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), X'Press : diffraction et hautes pressions (NEEL - X'Press), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-07-NANO-0027,NANOSURF,Corrélation entre l'effet de taille nanométrique et l'énergie de surface, Impact sur la structure et la réactivité de la surface.(2007), ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), ANR-10-EQPX-0027,EcoX,Ligne de lumière microfocus et très haute dilution à l'ESRF pour les sciences de l'environnement(2010), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), X'Press (X'Press), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Absorption spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, trace elements, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, HERFD, high resolution spectroscopy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Ecology, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Spectrometer, Chemistry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Resolution (electron density), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, XANES, EXAFS, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, 13. Climate action, 0210 nano-technology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; The study of the speciation of highly diluted elements by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is extremely challenging, especially in environmental biogeochemistry sciences. Here we present an innovative synchrotron spectroscopy technique: high-energy resolution fluorescence detected XAS (HERFD-XAS). With this approach, measurement of the XAS signal in fluorescence mode using a crystal analyzer spectrometer with a ~1-eV energy resolution helps to overcome restrictions on sample concentrations that can be typically measured with a solid-state detector. We briefly describe the method, from both an instrumental and spectroscopic point of view, and emphasize the effects of energy resolution on the XAS measurements. We then illustrate the positive impact of this technique in terms of detection limit with two examples dealing with Ce in ecologically relevant organisms and with Hg species in natural environments. The sharp and well-marked features of the HERFD–X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra obtained enable us to determine unambiguously and with greater precision the speciation of the probed elements. This is a major technological advance, with strong benefits for the study of highly diluted elements using XAS. It also opens new possibilities to explore the speciation of a target chemical element at natural concentration levels, which is critical in the fields of environmental and biogeochemistry sciences.
Published: 2017
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28. Integrated assessment of ceria nanoparticle impacts on the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha

Author: Olivier Proux, Bénédicte Sohm, Mélanie Auffan, Christophe Pagnout, François Rodius, Laure Giamberini, Sandrine Pain-Devin, Simon Devin, Vincent Felten, Maël Garaud, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Europôle de l'Arbois, 13545 Aix en Provence, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-10-LABX-0021/10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Freshwater bivalve, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biomedical Engineering, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Dreissena, 03 medical and health sciences, Water column, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Biomarker Analysis, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Mussel, Cerium, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Bioaccumulation, Nanoparticles, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Ecotoxicity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oxidation-Reduction, Biomarkers, Water Pollutants, Chemical, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Exposures in realistic environmental conditions are essential to properly assess the effects of emerging pollutants on ecosystems. While ceria nanoparticles (nCeO 2) production and use are expanding quickly, ecotoxicity studies remain very scarce. In this work, we set up experimental systems reproducing a simplified ecosystem to assess the effects of a chronic exposure to citrate-coated nCeO 2 (ci-CeO 2) and bare nCeO 2 (ba-CeO 2) on the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha using an inte‐ grated multibiomarker approach. The fate of nanoparticles was tightly monitored to properly characterize the exposure. Organisms were exposed for three weeks and sampled weekly for biomarker analysis. Mussel filter-feeding activity resulted in significant removal of nCeO 2 from the water column. At the same time, bioaccumu‐ lation was low, reaching its maximum in the first week. Mussels bioaccumulated ci-CeO 2 three times more than ba-CeO 2 , probably due to coating-related differences in their behavior in the water column and in organisms. Meanwhile, biomarker results were integrated and synthesized using linear discriminant analysis, highlighting that pi-glutathione-S-transferase (piGST) mRNA, catalase (CAT) activity, and lysosomal system were the most impacted of the seven biomarkers singled out by the discriminant analysis. These biomarker responses indicated that mussels exposed to both forms of nCeO 2 were stressed and differentiate from the controls. Moreover,theyresponded differently to ba-CeO 2 and ci-CeO 2 exposure. How‐ ever, biomarkers used in the experimental conditions of the present study did not indicate severe nCeO 2 toxicity on mussels, as cellular damage biomarkers and mussel filtering activity were left unimpaired. However, further studies are needed to investigate if the slight perturbations observed could lead to populational impacts in the long-term.
Published: 2016
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29. Toxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles on a freshwater experimental trophic chain: A study in environmentally relevant conditions through the use of mesocosms

Author: David Baqué, Laurent Verneuil, Eric Pinelli, Florence Mouchet, Stéphanie Cadarsi, Isabelle Fourquaux, Agathe Bour, Marie Tella, Hugues Clivot, Mélanie Auffan, Eric Chauvet, Laury Gauthier, Jean-Marc Bonzom, Christophe Pagnout, Jérôme Silvestre, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix en Provence, France, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Microscopie Électronique Appliquée à la Biologie (CMEAB), Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix-Marseille Université - AMU (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire - IRSN (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UPS (FRANCE), International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology - iCEINT (FRANCE), Université de Lorraine (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides - LECO (Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux - LIEC (Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France), Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie - CMEAB (Toulouse, france), Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Géosciences de l'Environnement - CEREGE (Aix en Provence, France), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO), Service de Recherche et d'Expertise sur les Risques environnementaux (IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pleurodeles, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Biomedical Engineering, Microorganisms, Toxicology, Ecotoxicologie, Chironomidae, Mesocosm, Ecotoxicology, Ecotoxicity, Toxicologie, Trophic level, Chironomus riparius, biology, Consumer, ved/biology, Litter decomposition, Amphibian, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Toxicity, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology
Abstract: International audience; The toxicity of CeO2 NPs on an experimental freshwater ecosystem was studied in mesocosm, with a focus being placed on the higher trophic level, i.e. the carnivorous amphibian species Pleurodeles waltl. The system comprised species at three trophic levels: (i) bacteria, fungi and diatoms, (ii) Chironomus riparius larvae as primary consumers and (iii) Pleurodeles larvae as secondary consumers. NP contamination consisted of repeated additions of CeO2 NPs over 4 weeks, to obtain a final concentration of 1 mg/L. NPs were found to settle and accumulate in the sediment. No effects were observed on litter decomposition or associated fungal biomass. Changes in bacterial communities were observed from the third week of NP contamination. Morphological changes in CeO2 NPs were observed at the end of the experiment. No toxicity was recorded in chironomids, despite substantial NP accumulation (265.8±14.1mg Ce/kg). Mortality (35.3±6.8%) and a mean Ce concentration of 13.5±3.9mg/kg were reported for Pleurodeles. Parallel experiments were performed on Pleurodeles to determine toxicity pathways: no toxicity was observed by direct or dietary exposures, although Ce concentrations almost reached 100 mg/kg. In view of these results, various toxicity mechanisms are proposed and discussed. The toxicity observed on Pleurodeles in mesocosm may be indirect, due to microorganism’s interaction with CeO2 NPs, or NP dissolution could have occurred in mesocosm due to the structural complexity of the biological environment, resulting in toxicity to Pleurodeles. This study strongly supports the importance of ecotoxicological assessment of NPs under environmentally relevant conditions, using complex biological systems.
Published: 2016
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30. Monte Carlo simulations of the transformation and removal of Ag, TiO2, and ZnO nanoparticles in wastewater treatment and land application of biosolids

Author: Lauren E. Barton, Mark Durenkamp, Jean-Yves Bottero, Mark R. Wiesner, Mélanie Auffan, Steve P. McGrath, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Duke University [Durham], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Silver, Environmental Engineering, Biosolids, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanoparticle, Wastewater treatment, Wastewater, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Nanomaterials, Exposure, Environmental Chemistry, Monte Carlo modeling, Waste Management and Disposal, Effluent, Titanium, Chemistry, Nanopartides, Agriculture, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Waste treatment, Models, Chemical, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Nanoparticles, Water treatment, Sewage treatment, Zinc Oxide, Monte Carlo Method
Abstract: International audience; The use of nano-enabled materials in industry and consumer products is increasing rapidly and with it, the more imperative it becomes to understand the consequences of such materials entering the environment during production, use or disposal. The novel properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that make them desirable for commercial applications also present the possibility of impacting aquatic and terrestrial environments in ways that may differ from materials in bulk format. Modeling techniques are needed to proactively predict the environmental fate and transport of nanomaterials. A model for nanopartide (NP) separation and transformation in water treatment was parameterized for three metal and metal-oxide NPs. Functional assays to determine NP specific distribution and transformation were used to parameterize the model and obtain environmentally relevant concentrations of NPs and transformation byproducts leaving WWTPs in effluent and biosolids. All three NPs were predicted to associate >90% with the solid phase indicating significant accumulation in the biosolids. High rates of transformation for ZnO and Ag NPs resulted in similar to 97% transformation of the NPs that enter the plant despite differences in transformation rate in aerobic versus anaerobic environments. Due to high insolubility and negligible redox transformation, the only process predicted to impact TiO2 NP fate and transport in WWTPs was distribution between the solid and liquid phases. Subsequent investigation of ZnO NP species fate and transport when land applied in biosolids indicated that steady state concentrations of ZnO phases would likely be achieved after approximately 150 days under loading conditions of biosolids typical in current practice. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015
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31. Nanotechnology, global development in the frame of environmental risk forecasting. A necessity of interdisciplinary researches

Author: Clément Levard, Jérôme Rose, Mark R. Wiesner, Jérôme Labille, Jean-Yves Bottero, Daniel Borschnek, Armand Masion, Mélanie Auffan, Perrine Chaurand, Marie Tella, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix en Provence, France, Duke University [Durham], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Liquid water, New materials, Environmental media, Nanotechnology, Environment, Hazard, Environmental risk, Interdisciplinary, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Risks, International development, Surface water, Volume concentration, Nanomaterials
Abstract: International audience; Interdisciplinarity is of first importance to evaluate the risks associated with nanotechnology. The reasons are that nanomaterials are very new materials that combine nano-sizes and new reactivities. The complexity comes from the very low concentrations of nanomaterials in the environmental medium, the transformations of the nanomaterials due to the reactivity of the surface, the transfer in the environmental media, particularly in the presence of liquid water (soils, sediments, surface water), which implies an association with natural colloids (organic or minerals) and blockage in some compartments. These properties govern the hazard that strongly depends on exposure and speciation. (C) 2014 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015
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32. Heteroaggregation, transformation and fate of CeO2 nanoparticles in wastewater treatment

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Luca Olivi, Jean-Yves Bottero, Mark R. Wiesner, Lauren E. Barton, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Duke University [Durham], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Biosolids, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, education, Nanoparticle, CeO2 nanoparticles, 02 engineering and technology, Wastewater treatment, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Exposure modeling, Transformation, Effluent, health care economics and organizations, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Partition coefficient, Waste treatment, Wastewater, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sewage treatment, Water treatment, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) are a key pathway by which nanoparticles (NPs) enter the environment following release from NP-enabled products. This work considers the fate and exposure of CeO2 NPs in WWTPs in a two-step process of heteroaggregation with bacteria followed by the subsequent reduction of Ce(IV) to Ce(III). Measurements of NP association with solids in sludge were combined with experimental estimates of reduction rate constants for CeO2 NPs in Monte Carlo simulations to predict the concentrations and speciation of Ce in WWTP effluents and biosolids. Experiments indicated preferential accumulation of CeO2 NPs in biosolids where reductive transformation would occur. Surface functionalization was observed to impact both the distribution coefficient and the rates of transformation. The relative affinity of CeO2 NPs for bacterial suspensions in sludge appears to explain differences in the observed rates of Ce reduction for the two types of CeO2 NPs studied. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015
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33. A new approach for the oocyte genotoxicity assay: adaptation of comet assay on mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes

Author: Blandine Courbiere, Thierry Orsière, Virginie Tassistro, Jeanne Perrin, Mélanie Auffan, F. Greco, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Marseille], Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: cumulus-oocyte complexes, DNA damage, Somatic cell, media_common.quotation_subject, Metal Nanoparticles, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, In vivo, comet assay, medicine, Animals, Hydrogen peroxide, oocyte, Ovulation, media_common, Genetics, Cumulus Cells, General Veterinary, genotoxicity, Cerium, Hydrogen Peroxide, Oocyte, Cell biology, Comet assay, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Oocytes, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, environment, Genotoxicity, DNA Damage, Mutagens
Abstract: Conventional genotoxicity tests are technically difficult to apply to oocytes, and results obtained on somatic cells cannot be extrapolated to gametes. We have previously described a comet assay (original–CA) on denuded mouse oocytes, but, in vivo, oocytes are not isolated from their surrounding follicular cells. Our objective was to develop a comet assay on cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC–CA) for a more physiological approach to study the genotoxicity of environmental factors on oocytes. For COC–CA, whole COC were exposed directly to exogenous agents after ovulation and removal from oviducts. Three conditions were studied: a negative control group, and two positive control groups, one of which was exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the other group was incubated with cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs). With both tests, DNA damage was significant in the presence of both H2O2 and CeO2 NPs compared with the negative control. COC–CA offers an interesting tool for assaying the genotoxicity of environmental agents towards germinal cells. Furthermore, COC–CA is less time-consuming and simplifies the protocol of the original–CA, because COC-CA is easier to perform without the washing-out procedure.
Published: 2015
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34. An adaptable mesocosm platform for performing integrated assessments of nanomaterial risk in complex environmental systems

Author: Benjamin Espinasse, Catherine Santaella, Julien Issartel, Jean-Yves Bottero, Wafa Achouak, Mohamed Barakat, Lenka Brousset, Mark R. Wiesner, Christine Paillès, Jérôme Rose, Mélanie Auffan, Marie Tella, Ester Artells, Alain Thiéry, Armand Masion, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie végétale et microbiologie environnementale - UMR7265 (BVME), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Avignon Université (AU), International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Europôle de l'Arbois, 13545 Aix en Provence, Duke University [Durham], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: Cell Survival, Engineered nanomaterials, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Mesocosm, Bioreactors, Environmental risk, Materials Testing, Toxicity Tests, Nanotechnology, Environmental systems, Temporal scales, Volume concentration, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Equipment Design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Environment, Controlled, Equipment Failure Analysis, Systems Integration, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, Nanoparticles, Biological Assay, Biochemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Physical-chemists, (micro) biologists, and ecologists need to conduct meaningful experiments to study the environmental risk of engineered nanomaterials with access to relevant mechanistic data across several spatial and temporal scales. Indoor aquatic mesocosms (60L) that can be tailored to virtually mimic any ecosystem appear as a particularly well-suited device. Here, this concept is illustrated by a pilot study aimed at assessing the distribution of a CeO2-based nanomaterial within our system at low concentration (1.5 mg/L). Physico-chemical as well as microbiological parameters took two weeks to equilibrate. These parameters were found to be reproducible across the 9-mesocosm setup over a 45-day period of time. Recovery mass balances of 115 +/- 18% and 60 +/- 30% of the Ce were obtained for the pulse dosing and the chronic dosing, respectively. This demonstrated the relevance of our experimental approach that allows for adequately monitoring the fate and impact of a given nanomaterial.
Published: 2014
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35. The Transformation of Pristine and Citrate-Functionalized CeO2 Nanoparticles in a Laboratory Scale Aerobic Activated Sludge Reactor

Author: Jean-Yves Bottero, Daniel Borschneck, Marie Bertrand, Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Santaella, Luca Olivi, Mark R. Wiesner, Nicolas Roche, Mohamed Barakat, Lauren E. Barton, Armand Masion, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Durham] (CEE), Duke University [Durham], Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (ICEINT), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et d'Environnements Extrêmes (LEMIRE), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA))
Subjects: Biosolids, Engineered nanomaterials, Wastewater, Laboratory scale, Citric Acid, Water Purification, Bioreactors, Phase (matter), Environmental Chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Effluent, Biotransformation, Bacteria, Sewage, Waste management, Chemistry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Cerium, General Chemistry, 6. Clean water, Kinetics, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Activated sludge, Environmental chemistry, Nanoparticles, Sewage treatment, Ceo2 nanoparticles, Laboratories
Abstract: International audience; Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used to enhance the properties of many manufactured products and technologies. Increased use of ENMs will inevitably lead to their release into the environment. An important route of exposure is through the waste stream, where ENMs will enter wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), undergo transformations, and be discharged with treated effluent or biosolids. To better understand the fate of a common ENM in WWTPs, experiments with laboratory-scale activated sludge reactors and pristine and citrate-functionalized CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were conducted. Greater than 90% of the CeO2 introduced was observed to associate with biosolids. This association was accompanied by reduction of the Ce(IV) NPs to Ce(III). After 5 weeks in the reactor, 44 ± 4% reduction was observed for the pristine NPs and 31 ± 3% for the citrate-functionalized NPs, illustrating surface functionality dependence. Thermodynamic arguments suggest that the likely Ce(III) phase generated would be Ce2S3. This study indicates that the majority of CeO2 NPs (>90% by mass) entering WWTPs will be associated with the solid phase, and a significant portion will be present as Ce(III). At maximum, 10% of the CeO2 will remain in the effluent and be discharged as a Ce(IV) phase, governed by cerianite (CeO2).
Published: 2014
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36. Toxicity evaluation of manufactured CeO2 nanoparticles before and after alteration: combined physicochemical and whole-genome expression analysis in Caco-2 cells

Author: Matthieu Fisichella, Mélanie Auffan, Gérard Steinmetz, Jérôme Rose, Odette Prat, Frédéric Bérenguer, Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée (CRMD), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Université d'Orléans (UO), Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire (SBTN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Europôle de l'Arbois, 13545 Aix en Provence, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Engineered nanomaterials, Life cycle, Nanoparticle, Biology, Cell morphology, Redox, Dynamic light scattering, Genetics, Zeta potential, Humans, Particle Size, Cytotoxicity, Cell Shape, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Genome, Human, Cerium, Toxicogenomics, Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins, Caco-2, Toxicity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biophysics, Nanoparticles, Caco-2 Cells, Transcriptome, Biotechnology, Research Article
Abstract: Background Engineered nanomaterials may release nanosized residues, by degradation, throughout their life cycle. These residues may be a threat for living organisms. They may be ingested by humans through food and water. Although the toxicity of pristine CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) has been documented, there is a lack of studies on manufactured nanoparticles, which are often surface modified. Here, we investigated the potential adverse effects of CeO2 Nanobyk 3810™ NPs, used in wood care, and their residues, altered by light or acid. Results Human intestinal Caco-2 cells were exposed to residues degraded by daylight or in a medium simulating gastric acidity. Size and zeta potential were determined by dynamic light scattering. The surface structure and redox state of cerium were analyzed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Viability tests were performed in Caco-2 cells exposed to NPs. Cell morphology was imaged with scanning electronic microscopy. Gene expression profiles obtained from cells exposed to NPs before and after their alteration were compared, to highlight differences in cellular functions. No change in the cerium redox state was observed for altered NPs. All CeO2 NPs suspended in the culture medium became microsized. Cytotoxicity tests showed no toxicity after Caco-2 cell exposure to these various NPs up to 170 μg/mL (24 h and 72 h). Nevertheless, a more-sensitive whole-gene-expression study, based on a pathway-driven analysis, highlighted a modification of metabolic activity, especially mitochondrial function, by altered Nanobyk 3810™. The down-regulation of key genes of this pathway was validated by qRT-PCR. Conversely, Nanobyk 3810™ coated with ammonium citrate did not display any adverse effect at the same concentration. Conclusion The degraded nanoparticles were more toxic than their coated counterparts. Desorption of the outside layer was the most likely cause of this discrepancy in toxicity. It can be assumed that the safe design of engineered nanoparticles could include robust protective layers conferring on them greater resistance to alteration during their life cycle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-700) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2014
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37. Environmental release, fate and ecotoxicological effects of manufactured ceria nanomaterials

Author: Arturo A. Keller, Jamie R. Lead, Jason C. White, Claus Svendsen, Andrew C. Johnson, Blanche Collin, Ruth C. Merrifield, Inder Kaur, Xingmao Ma, Anastasiya Lazareva, Mélanie Auffan, Jason M. Unrine, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc (CRLCC - CGFL), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc ( CRLCC - CGFL ), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( ICMUB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), NERC - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research ( INSTAAR ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR)
Subjects: Materials science, Future studies, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Environmental media, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Aquatic organisms, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Toxicology, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecological risk, 0210 nano-technology, Chronic toxicity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Recent interest in the environmental fate and effects of manufactured CeO2 nanomaterials (nanoceria) has stemmed from its expanded use for a variety of applications including fuel additives, catalytic converters, chemical and mechanical planarization media and other uses. This has led to a wave of publications on the toxicological effects of nanoceria in ecological receptor species, but only limited information is available on possible environmental releases, concentrations in environmental media, or environmental transformations. In this paper, we make initial estimates of likely environmental releases and exposure concentrations in soils and water and compare them to published toxicity values. Insufficient information was available to estimate aquatic exposures, but we estimated inputs to a hypothetical wastewater treatment plant that could result in effluent concentrations that would result in acute toxicity to the most sensitive aquatic organisms tested so far, cyanobacteria. The purpose of this exercise is to identify which areas are lacking in data to perform either regional or site specific ecological risk assessments. While estimates can be made for releases from use as a diesel fuel additive, and predicted toxicity is low in most terrestrial species tested to date, estimates for releases from other uses are difficult at this stage. We recommend that future studies focus on environmentally realistic exposures that take into account potential environmental transformations of the nanoceria surface as well as chronic toxicity studies in benthic aquatic organisms, soil invertebrates and microorgansims.
Published: 2014
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38. Ultrastructural Interactions and Genotoxicity Assay of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Mouse Oocytes

Author: Perrin, Blandine Courbiere, Mélanie Auffan, Raphaël Rollais, Virginie Tassistro, Aurélie Bonnefoy, Alain Botta, Jérôme Rose, Thierry Orsière, and Jeanne
Subjects: oocyte, cerium dioxide nanoparticles, genotoxicity, comet assay
Abstract: Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 ENPs) are on the priority list of nanomaterials requiring evaluation. We performed in vitro assays on mature mouse oocytes incubated with CeO2 ENPs to study (1) physicochemical biotransformation of ENPs in culture medium; (2) ultrastructural interactions with follicular cells and oocytes using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM); (3) genotoxicity of CeO2 ENPs on follicular cells and oocytes using a comet assay. DNA damage was quantified as Olive Tail Moment. We show that ENPs aggregated, but their crystal structure remained stable in culture medium. TEM showed endocytosis of CeO2 ENP aggregates in follicular cells. In oocytes, CeO2 ENP aggregates were only observed around the zona pellucida (ZP). The comet assay revealed significant DNA damage in follicular cells. In oocytes, the comet assay showed a dose-related increase in DNA damage and a significant increase only at the highest concentrations. DNA damage decreased significantly both in follicular cells and in oocytes when an anti-oxidant agent was added in the culture medium. We hypothesise that at low concentrations of CeO2 ENPs oocytes could be protected against indirect oxidative stress due to a double defence system composed of follicular cells and ZP.
Published: 2013
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39. Uptake of silver nanoparticles and toxicity to early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes): Effect of coating materials

Author: Ashutosh Chilkoti, Mark R. Wiesner, Appala Raju Badireddy, Stella M. Marinakos, Kevin W.H. Kwok, Jie Liu, Mélanie Auffan, David E. Hinton, Clay M. Nelson, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Durham] (CEE), Duke University [Durham], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Gills, Gill, Biodistribution, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Silver, food.ingredient, Hyperspectral imaging, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Oryzias, Metal Nanoparticles, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Citric Acid, Silver nanoparticle, Excipients, Toxicology, Gum Arabic, food, Anti-Infective Agents, medicine, Animals, Tissue Distribution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nanomaterials, biology, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Chemistry, Povidone, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, Eleutheroembryos, Larva, Toxicity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Silver Nitrate, Gum arabic, 0210 nano-technology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, medicine.drug, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with antimicrobial properties are perhaps the most deployed engineered nanomaterials in consumer products. Almost all AgNPs are coated with organic materials to enhance their dispersion in water. Contributions of coatings to the toxicity of NPs have received little attention. Studies using AgNPs with one of three different coating materials (citrate (Cit), gum arabic (GA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) showed significantly different toxicity. GA AgNP proved to be the most toxic, while PVP and Cit AgNP exhibited similar and lower toxicity. However, all AgNPs were about three to ten times less toxic than AgNO3 when their toxicities were compared on a mass-concentration basis. Evidence for NP-specific toxicity was observed with longer time for initiation of toxicity and increased incidence of resultant spinal flexure of medaka exposed to AgNPs, compared to AgNO3. Hyperspectral imaging of 6 mu m paraffin sections of fish exposed to AgNPs revealed AgNPs and their aggregates in tissues of fish. Gill distribution was ubiquitous, while small amounts were found in other organs, including the liver and brain. AgNPs were observed regularly in the gut lumen, but rarely in mural elements and mesentery. These results suggest that while ingestion was common, gills were the principal sites of AgNP uptake. In conclusion, AgNPs is a source of toxic Ag ions, while itself contribute partially to its toxicity to fish, and which interact with skin surface and were taken up via the gills. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2012
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40. Intestinal toxicity evaluation of TiO2 degraded surface-treated nanoparticles: a combined physico-chemical and toxicogenomics approach in caco-2 cells

Author: Frédéric Bérenguer, Mélanie Auffan, Gérard Steinmetz, Matthieu Fisichella, Jérôme Rose, Odette Prat, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, media_common.quotation_subject, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Life cycle, lcsh:Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare, Nanoparticle, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, degradation of nanomaterials, Cell morphology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Surface-treated nanoparticles (STNPs), Coated Materials, Biocompatible, lcsh:RA1190-1270, Humans, Internalization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, lcsh:Toxicology. Poisons, chemistry.chemical_classification, Titanium, Reactive oxygen species, Toxicity, Aluminium hydroxide, Research, Nanoparticles (NPs), technology, industry, and agriculture, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Enterocytes, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biophysics, Photocatalysis, Titanium dioxide, Environmental Pollutants, Gene expression, 0210 nano-technology, Toxicogenomics, lcsh:HD7260-7780.8
Abstract: Background Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used due to their specific properties, like UV filters in sunscreen. In that particular case TiO2 NPs are surface modified to avoid photocatalytic effects. These surface-treated nanoparticles (STNPs) spread in the environment and might release NPs as degradation residues. Indeed, degradation by the environment (exposure to UV, water and air contact …) will occur and could profoundly alter the physicochemical properties of STNPs such as chemistry, size, shape, surface structure and dispersion that are important parameters for toxicity. Although the toxicity of surface unmodified TiO2 NPs has been documented, nothing was done about degraded TiO2 STNPs which are the most likely to be encountered in environment. The superoxide production by aged STNPs suspensions was tested and compared to surface unmodified TiO2 NPs. We investigated the possible toxicity of commercialized STNPs, degraded by environmental conditions, on human intestinal epithelial cells. STNPs sizes and shape were characterized and viability tests were performed on Caco-2 cells exposed to STNPs. The exposed cells were imaged with SEM and STNPs internalization was researched by TEM. Gene expression microarray analyses were performed to look for potential changes in cellular functions. Results The production of reactive oxygen species was detected with surface unmodified TiO2 NPs but not with STNPs or their residues. Through three different toxicity assays, the STNPs tested, which have a strong tendency to aggregate in complex media, showed no toxic effect in Caco-2 cells after exposures to STNPs up to 100 μg/mL over 4 h, 24 h and 72 h. The cell morphology remained intact, attested by SEM, and internalization of STNPs was not seen by TEM. Moreover gene expression analysis using pangenomic oligomicroarrays (4x 44000 genes) did not show any change versus unexposed cells after exposure to 10 μg/ mL, which is much higher than potential environmental concentrations. Conclusions TiO2 STNPs, degraded or not, are not harmful to Caco-2 cells and are unlikely to penetrate the body via oral route. It is likely that the strong persistence of the aluminium hydroxide layer surrounding these nanoparticles protects the cells from a direct contact with the potentially phototoxic TiO2 core.
Published: 2012
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41. TiO2-based nanoparticles released in water from commercialized sunscreens in a life-cycle perspective: Structures and quantities

Author: Daniel Borschneck, Hélène Miche, Jérôme Labille, Mélanie Auffan, Céline Botta, Jean-Yves Bottero, Martiane Cabié, Jérôme Rose, Armand Masion, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Spectropôle - Aix Marseille Université (AMU SPEC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Sunscreens, Aging, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Salt (chemistry), Nanoparticle, Fraction (chemistry), Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Water pollution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Nanocomposite, Chemistry, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanomaterial, Pollution, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Titanium dioxide, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Seawater, 0210 nano-technology, Dispersion (chemistry)
Abstract: International audience; This work investigates the physical-chemical evolution during artificial aging in water of four commercialized sunscreens containing TiO2-based nanocomposites. Sunscreens were analyzed in terms of mineralogy and TiO2 concentration. The residues formed after aging were characterized in size, shape, chemistry and surface properties. The results showed that a significant fraction of nano-TiO2 residues was released from all sunscreens, despite their heterogeneous behaviors. A stable dispersion of submicronic aggregates of nanoparticles was generated, representing up to 38 w/w% of the amount of sunscreen, and containing up to 30% of the total nano-TiO2 initially present in the creams. The stability of the dispersion was tested as a function of salt concentration, revealing that in seawater conditions, a major part of these nano-TiO2 residues will aggregate and sediment. These results were put in perspective with consumption and life cycle of sunscreens to estimate the amount of nano-TiO2 potentially released into AQUATIC environment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2011
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42. Manufactured metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles: Properties and perturbing mechanisms of their biological activity in ecosystems

Author: Jean-Yves Bottero, Jérôme Labille, Jérôme Rose, Mélanie Auffan, Catherine Mouneyrac, Antoine Thill, Corinne Chanéac, Céline Botta, Armand Masion, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l'Organisation Nanométrique et Supramoléculaire (LIONS), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, Oxydo-reduction, 02 engineering and technology, Metal oxide nanoparticles, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystems, Metal, Physical chemical, Surface properties, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Exotoxicity, Chemistry, Biological activity, Oxides, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Metals, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nanoparticles, Manufactured nanoparticles, 0210 nano-technology, Dispersion (chemistry)
Abstract: International audience; The inorganic manufactured nanoparticles as TiO(2), Ag degrees, the iron oxides and CeO(2) are more and more present in various manufactured products and in the aqueous media (TiO(2)). Their dispersion in the ecosystems during their life cycle will be associated with interactions with biota (plants, bacteria, fishes). The present work shows strong relations between particular physical chemical properties of very small nanoparticles (size < 30 nm) and biological activity perturbations. It is shown that Ag degrees and CeO(2) act at very low concentrations. TiO(2) act via the ROS production due to their photo-reactivity. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Published: 2011
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43. Reactivity at (nano)particle-water interfaces, redox processes, and arsenic transport in the environment

Author: Yuheng Wang, Laurent Charlet, Jérôme Rose, Guillaume Morin, Mélanie Auffan, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, André Burnol, Géochimie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Partial financial support by IUF, ANDRA, AQUATRAIN and CALIBRE EU networks and by EC2CO CNRS/INSU program + by EC2CO-CYTRIX CNRS/INSU program, by ACI/FNS grant #3033, and by SESAME IdF grant #1775 + NSF grant CHE-0431425 (Stanford Molecular Environmental Science Institute)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Bioavailability, Coprecipitation, Speciation, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, Molecular dynamics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Arsenic, Molecular mechanism, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Water treatment, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Experimental artifacts, Global and Planetary Change, Sorption, Sulfur, 6. Clean water, Aquifers, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Carbonate, Adsorption, XAFS spectroscopy, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Massive deleterious impacts to human health are resulting from the use of arsenic-bearing groundwaters in South-East Asia deltas and elsewhere in the world for drinking, cooking and/or irrigation. In Bangladesh alone, a fifth of all deaths are linked to arsenicosis. In the natural and engineered subsurface environment, the fate of arsenic is, to a large extent, controlled by redox potential, pH, as well as total iron, sulfur and carbonate content, via sorption and coprecipitation on a variety of natural and engineered (nano)particles. In the present article, we address: (1) new insights in the sorption mechanisms of As on Fe(II) and Fe(III) nanophases recognized to play an important role in the microbial cycling of As and Fe; (2) artifacts often encountered in field and laboratory studies of As speciation due to the extreme redox sensitivity of the Fe-As-O-H phases; and (3) as a conclusion, the implications for water treatment. Indeed the specific reactivity of nanoparticles accounts not only for the As bioavailability within soils and aquifers, but also opens new avenues in water treatment.
Published: 2011
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44. Aging of TiO2 nanocomposites used in sunscreen. Dispersion and fate of the degradation products in aqueous environment

Author: Daniel Borschneck, Jinghuan Feng, Jean-Yves Bottero, Mélanie Auffan, Jérôme Labille, Magali Sammut, Jérôme Rose, Martiane Cabié, Céline Botta, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Spectropôle - Aix Marseille Université (AMU SPEC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Flocculation, Light, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Inorganic chemistry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Aluminum Hydroxide, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Nanocomposites, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid, Water Pollutants, Surface charge, Dimethylpolysiloxanes, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Dissolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Titanium, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Aqueous solution, Nanocomposite, Lasers, General Medicine, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Titanium dioxide, Dispersion stability, Sunscreening Agents, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: International audience; Aging in water of a TiO2-based nanocomposite used in sunscreen cosmetics has been studied as a function of light and time. It consisted initially in a TiO2 core, coated with Al(OH)(3) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers. Size measurement, coating alteration, and surface charge were followed by laser diffraction, TEM/EDS, ICP-AES and electrophoretic mobility measurement. The nanocomposite rapidly underwent progressive dispersion in the aqueous phase, enabled by the dissolution of the PDMS layer. A stable suspension of colloidal byproducts from 50 to 700 nm in size was formed. Their positively charged Al(OH)(3) surface was evidenced with an isoelectric point around 7-8, controlling the dispersion stability. The critical coagulation concentrations measured with NaCl and CaCl2 was 2 x 10(-2) and 8 x 10(-3) M respectively. The presence of natural organic matter affected the colloidal stability according to the NOM/byproduct ratio. A 2 wt% ratio favored bridging flocculation, whereas a 20 wt% ratio induced sterical stabilization. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010
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45. TiO₂-based nanoparticles released in water from commercialized sunscreens in a life-cycle perspective: structures and quantities

Author: Céline, Botta, Jérôme, Labille, Mélanie, Auffan, Daniel, Borschneck, Hélène, Miche, Martiane, Cabié, Armand, Masion, Jérôme, Rose, and Jean-Yves, Bottero
Subjects: Titanium, Kinetics, Models, Chemical, Molecular Structure, X-Ray Diffraction, Metal Nanoparticles, Seawater, Sunscreening Agents, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: This work investigates the physical-chemical evolution during artificial aging in water of four commercialized sunscreens containing TiO₂-based nanocomposites. Sunscreens were analyzed in terms of mineralogy and TiO₂ concentration. The residues formed after aging were characterized in size, shape, chemistry and surface properties. The results showed that a significant fraction of nano-TiO₂ residues was released from all sunscreens, despite their heterogeneous behaviors. A stable dispersion of submicronic aggregates of nanoparticles was generated, representing up to 38 w/w% of the amount of sunscreen, and containing up to 30% of the total nano-TiO₂ initially present in the creams. The stability of the dispersion was tested as a function of salt concentration, revealing that in seawater conditions, a major part of these nano-TiO₂ residues will aggregate and sediment. These results were put in perspective with consumption and life cycle of sunscreens to estimate the amount of nano-TiO₂ potentially released into AQUATIC environment.
Published: 2010

46. Intracellular uptake and associated toxicity of silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans

Author: Elena A. Turner, Mark R. Wiesner, Stella M. Marinakos, Joel N. Meyer, Ashutosh Chilkoti, Appala Raju Badireddy, Christopher A. Lord, Mélanie Auffan, Xinyu Yang, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Durham] (CEE), Duke University [Durham], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Silver, Bioavailability, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Metal Nanoparticles, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Silver nanoparticle, Toxicology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aggregation, Anti-Infective Agents, medicine, Metallothionein, Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Povidone, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Knockouts, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Oxidative stress, Toxicity, Environmental toxicology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biophysics, Potassium, Environmental Pollutants, Growth inhibition, Silver nanoparticles, 0210 nano-technology, Intracellular
Abstract: International audience; Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are frequently used as antimicrobials. While the mechanism(s) by which AgNPs are toxic are unclear, their increasing use raises the concern that release into the environment could lead to environmental toxicity. We characterized the physicochemical behavior, uptake, toxicity (growth inhibition), and mechanism of toxicity of three AgNPs with different sizes and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or citrate coatings to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We used wild-type (N2) C. elegans and strains expected to be sensitive to oxidative stress (nth-1, sod-2 and mev-1), genotoxins (xpa-1 and nth-1), and metals (mtl-2). Using traditional and novel analytical methods, we observed significant aggregation and extra-organismal dissolution of silver, organismal uptake and, in one case, transgenerational transfer of AgNPs. We also observed growth inhibition by all tested AgNPs at concentrations in the low mg/L levels. A metallothionein-deficient (mtl-2) strain was the only mutant tested that exhibited consistently greater AgNP sensitivity than wild-type. Although all tested AgNPs were internalized (passed cell membranes) in C. elegans, at least part of the toxicity observed was mediated by ionic silver. Finally, we describe a modified growth assay that permits differentiation between direct growth-inhibitory effects and indirect inhibition mediated by toxicity to the food source. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010
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47. Inorganic manufactured nanoparticles: how their physicochemical properties influence their biological effects in aqueous environments

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Jean-Yves Bottero, Jérôme Rose, Corinne Chanéac, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Matériaux Hybrides et Nanomatériaux (MHN), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biomedical Engineering, Medicine (miscellaneous), Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Metal oxide nanoparticles, 010501 environmental sciences, Development, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Aquatic organisms, ecotoxicology, manufactured nanoparticle, Humans, oxidative stress, Recycling, General Materials Science, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, aggregation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 13. Climate action, adsorption, exposure, redox, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Nanoparticles, Thermodynamics, Environmental Pollutants, Manufactured nanoparticles, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Among all environmental contaminants, those emerging from nanotechnologies constitute one of the most critical challenges for the coming years. The new properties of nanoparticles are at the heart of current scientific advances and the growing interest in harnessing them brings awareness of potential impacts that we cannot ignore. To date, scientists and industrialists have focused on the manufacture of nanomaterials more than on the assessment of the risks for humans and ecosystems. Few databases exist regarding the amounts released within ecosystems and no specific procedure of recycling has yet been established. However, nanoparticles cannot be considered as molecular pollutants or larger particles, and careful consideration is needed to establish a legal system that is specific. Their novel properties, surface energy and reactivity make it impossible to simply transfer our physicochemical, thermodynamic and toxicological knowledge from the micronscale to the nanoscale. This article highlights, nonexhaustively, the strong relationship existing between the unique properties of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles and their biological effects on aquatic organisms.
Published: 2010
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48. Comparative Toxicity of C60 Aggregates toward Mammalian Cells: Role of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Decomposition

Author: Tian Xia, Ernest M. Hotze, Mélanie Auffan, Benjamin Espinasse, Mark R. Wiesner, Lauren E. Wessel, Andre E. Nel, Michael Kovochich, David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Durham] (CEE), Duke University [Durham], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Formic acid, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Cell Line, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Suspensions, Toxicity Tests, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Animals, Cytotoxicity, Hydrogen peroxide, Furans, Tetrahydrofuran, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aqueous solution, Cell Death, Macrophages, General Chemistry, Hydrogen Peroxide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Mitochondria, Solutions, chemistry, Cell culture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biophysics, Nanoparticles, Calcium, Fullerenes, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, 0210 nano-technology, Intracellular, Subcellular Fractions
Abstract: International audience; C 60 fullerene is a promising material because of its unique physiochemical properties. However, previous studies have reported that colloidal aggregates of C 60 (nC 60) produce toxicity in fish and human cell cultures. The preparation method of nC 60 raises questions as to whether the observed effects stem from fullerenes or from the organic solvents used during the preparation of the suspensions. In this paper, we set out to elucidate the mechanism by which tetrahydrofuran (THF) treatment to enhance the preparation of nC 60 leads to cytotoxicity in a mouse macrophage cell line. Our results demonstrate that THF/nC 60 but not fullerol or aqueous nC 60 generates cellular toxicity through a pathway that involves increased intracellular flux and mitochondrial perturbation in RAW 264.7 cells. Interestingly, the supernatant of the THF/nC 60 suspension rather than the colloidal fullerene aggregates mimics the cytotoxic effects due to the presence of γ-butyrolactone and formic acid. Thus, the role of nC 60 in the cellular responses is likely not due to the direct effect of the nC 60 material surface on the cells but is related to the conversion of THF into a toxic byproduct during preparation of the suspension.
Published: 2009
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49. Chemical stability of metallic nanoparticles : a parameter controlling their potential cellular toxicity in vitro

Author: Mark R. Wiesner, Mélanie Auffan, Jean-Yves Bottero, Jérôme Rose, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Duke University [Durham], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Nanoparticle, Metal Nanoparticles, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, Ecotoxicology, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Catalysis, Metal, Ultrafine particle, medicine, Animals, Humans, Solubility, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Toxicity, Chemistry, Cytotoxins, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, Chemical engineering, Models, Chemical, 13. Climate action, Metallic, Oxidative stress, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Nanoparticles, Chemical stability, Environmental Pollutants, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, 0210 nano-technology, Oxidation-Reduction, Genotoxicity, Mutagens
Abstract: International audience; The ability of metallic nanoparticles to be oxidized, reduced or dissolved in biological media can be used to predict their toxicity in vitro. a b s t r a c t The level of production of nanoparticles will inevitably lead to their appearance in air, water, soils, and organisms. A theoretical framework that relates properties of nanoparticles to their biological effects is needed to identify possible risks to human health and the environment. This paper considers the properties of dispersed metallic nanoparticles and highlights the relationship between the chemical stability of these nanoparticles and their in vitro toxicity. Analysis of published data suggests that chemically stable metallic nanoparticles have no significant cellular toxicity, whereas nanoparticles able to be oxidized, reduced or dissolved are cytotoxic and even genotoxic for cellular organisms.
Published: 2009
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50. Reply to comment on Fisichella et al. (2012), 'Intestinal toxicity evaluation of TiO2 degraded surface-treated nanoparticles: a combined physico-chemical and toxicogenomics approach in Caco-2 cells' by Faust et al

Author: Jérôme Rose, Odette Prat, Gérard Steinmetz, Matthieu Fisichella, Mélanie Auffan, Frédéric Bérenguer, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Materials science, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Pharmacology toxicology, lcsh:Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, lcsh:RA1190-1270, Environmental chemistry, Intestinal toxicity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, Metal nanoparticles, Toxicogenomics, Letter to the Editor, lcsh:HD7260-7780.8, lcsh:Toxicology. Poisons, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In this response, we discuss the major differences that clearly distinguish our results from those mentioned by Faust et al. In particular, the experiments have been conducted on nanoparticles of different nature, what mainly explains the observed discrepancies. This is a reply to http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/pdf/1743-8977-9-39.pdf.
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