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Text summarization is the process of employing a system to shorten a document or a collection of documents into brief paragraphs or sentences using various approaches. This paper presents text categorization using BERT to improve summarization task which is a state-of-the-art deep learning language processing model that performs significantly better than all other previous language models. Multi-document summarization (MDS) has got its bottleneck due to lack of training data and varied categories of documents. Aiming in this direction, the proposed novel hybrid summarization B-HEATS (Bert based Hybrid Extractive Abstractive Text Summarization)framework is a combination of extractive summary via categorization and abstractive summary using deep learning architecture RNN-LSTM-CNN to fine-tune BERT which results in the qualitative summary for multiple documents and overcomes out of vocabulary (OOV). The output layer of BERT is replaced using RNN-LSTM-CNN architecture to fine tune which improves the summarization model. The proposed automatic text summarization is compared over the existing models in terms of performance measures like ROUGE metrics achieves high scores as R1 score 43.61, R2 score 22.64, R3 score 44.95 and RL score is 44.27 on Benchmark DUC datasets.

Slow evaporation method at constant temperature was used to generate optically better-quality clove and pure doped Potassium Di-hydrogen Phosphate crystals, which were then characterized. If the optimum conditions are adequately attained, the slow evaporation method can be used to produce crystals with low solubility. FTIR spectra are used to assess the reality of crystal efficient groups qualitatively. To investigate the dopants effect on the ideal appearances of Potassium Di-hydrogen Phosphate, an X-ray diffraction investigation was carried out. The tetragonal design of KDP and incapacitated crystals was discovered via powdered X-ray diffraction. The lattice parameter values were determined using X-ray diffraction on a single crystal. UV-Visible spectroscopy was used to examine the generated clove doped (1:1) KDP crystals. The TG and DTA analysis were utilized to examine the constancy and breakdown of unpolluted and clove doped KDP crystals. ND-YAG laser was utilized to notice the SHG. Clove doped KDP crystals outperformed pure KDP crystals in terms of relative generation of second harmonics productivity. The effect of dopants on the exterior morphology of KDP crystals was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). EDAX was utilized to have a better understanding of the elements found in crystals.

We investigate the protective effects of resveratrol and vitamin-E against 5-flourouracil induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Experimental rats were treated with 5-FU (20 mg/kg b.wt.) i.p. on day 1, 3, 7 to induce hepatotoxicity, evident by significant (p

Decades of research for an ideal sedative agent that could provide both sedation and analgesia with minimal side effects to the patients has failed to find one. Research was then shifted to finding combination of drugs which could suffice the ideal sedative agent. Of these Ketofol showed promising results.Aim of this study is to “Assess the efficacy and safety of propofol and ketamine amalgamation (ketofol) and comparing the superiority over ketamine and midazolam combination for procedural sedation”. In this prospective randomized single blind study, 50 patients between 15 to 60 years of both males and females, ASA Grade I and Grade II were allocated into two groups. Patients in group 1 received ketofol and group 2 patients received ketamine and midazolam. The comparison between the two groups was done using Two-Sample T-Test, With the help of SPSS version 15.0 Statistical calculator, sample size calculated = 5 to 17, and actual power calculated with this sample size was 0.990 to 0.997 which shows significance of the study.: The study showed statistically significant (p Ketofol is safe and efficient sedative combination which can be utilized in emergency department, daycare and OT settings with comfort, ease and without any complications. It is close to ideal sedative agent.

Now a day Social Media like Facebook, twitter and Instagram is major Sources for people to share their emotions based on the current situations in society. By knowing the interesting patterns in it, a government/appropriate person for that situation can take good and useful decisions. Sentiment analysis is a method where people can extract the useful information from the text like the emotions (happy, sad, and neutral) of people. Much research work was been underdoing in the area of sentiment analysis. Among that work the Machine learning and Deep learning approaches plays a maximum role. Existing works on sentiment analysis is going in the English language. In this paper, proposed a novel framework that specifically designed to do sentiment analysis of the text data, that available in the telugu language. The proposed framework was integrated with the word embedding model Word2Vec, language translator and deep learning approaches like Recurrent Neural Network and Navie base algorithms to collect and analyse the sentiment in tweeter data that present in telugu language. The results shows effective in terms of accuracy, precision and specificity.

Expansive soil deposits mostly appear in arid and semi-arid areas of the world and they pose severe difficulties to engineering constructions as they possess higher tendency to heave in the course of moist season and shrink at summer season. Construction in such highly expansive strata can be done by adopting ground modification techniques like soil stabilization, Vertical drains, inducing reinforcement in to soil etc., On the other hand with rapid industrial growth more quantity of industrial waste will be generated which will trigger several environmental issues when it is dumped in to environment. Utilization of industrial waste in construction industry without compromising in strength criteria is the best possible option for the engineers as the waste is used as construction material there will be no need for dumping yards, biodiversities can be protected, strength properties of the soil can be enhanced and hydraulic properties can also be modified by treating soil with industrial wastes. As the river sand can be partially replaced by some of the industrial wastes requirement for natural sand can be reduced which will not only economise the construction cost but also preserves the natural resources. The present study was carried out to assess the behaviour of coir pith treated black cotton soils. Due to increase in the natural fibres in many industries the waste produced from the coir industry is increasing, if proper care is not taken these waste may create severe effects on environment .To avoid disposal of this waste directly into environment it is better to use the waste in construction industry is a better option. But before adopting such practices proper studies are to be done to check whether these materials are suitable for treating the soils are not .In the present study by adding various proportions of coir pith Swell, strength characteristics of soil where compared for obtaining the optimum Replacement percentage.

Worldwide in the construction industry uses reinforced cement concrete. The different types of structures which were built using reinforced cement concrete served for long period. But due to faulty design, improper quality control and corrosion of reinforcement there are notable premature failure and subsequently sudden collapse of the structure occurs. The presence of aggressive medium such as moisture and chloride ions are the main factors which are induces the steel corrosion. The cost involves for repairing the corroded structure escalate very rapidly which leads property loss to the people, if the problem is not corrected. Columns are the main structural members of R.C bridges when exposed to de-icing salt they are more vulnerable to steel reinforcement corrosion. The thorough knowledge about the corrosion can get only by proper investigation. This experimental work mainly focuses on structural behaviour R.C columns subjected to steel corrosion. Columns with two different size were cast and accelerated corrosion was induced. Structural behaviour of the columns were studied with axial load test and compared with conventional specimen. The ultimate load carrying capacity, axial strain, energy absorption capacity were reduced in all the corroded columns

This paper deals with numerical investigation using finite element software, ABAQUS CAE, for the analysis of precast reinforced concrete (RC) column connected to the foundation containing protruding bar in grouted sleeve subjected to axial, and lateral loads, including the cyclic loading response. The monolithic connection of column and foundation is designed and the same has been used for the design of precast concrete column and foundation. The model focusses on the length of the protruding bar provided in the foundation that is connected to the column through the grouted sleeve. As there is lack of Indian standard codes in the design of precast concrete connections, an attempt has been made by varying the length of protruding bars. The model was subjected to quasi-static loading condition and parameters such as ultimate load carrying capacity, load-displacement hysteresis, ductility and plastic strain were studied and were compared with that of monolithic connection. The results proved that when the length of protruding bars provided was equal to development length of the bar provided, the results were comparable with that of monolithic connection.

Boswellia serrata is an Indian herb known for its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties in ancient folk medicine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-arthritic potential of Boswellia serrata on radiographic joint damage and histopathology of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with six rats each. While group 1 served as normal control, arthritis was induced in animals belonging to groups 2 (arthritic control); 3, 4 and 5 (treatment groups) by injecting 0.1 ml of Freund's complete adjuvant, intradermally into the hind foot pad. Treatment protocol was followed from 3rd to 21st day, with Boswellia serrata given orally as methanolic extract @ 500 mg/kg b.wt. to group 3, meloxicam given subcutaneously @1 mg/kg b.wt. to group 4 and both the drugs given concurrently to group 5. The onset and progression of arthritis were assessed weekly by radiographic interpretation. The drug effects were evaluated on the histopathology after completion of the experiment. The extent of paw inflammation before treatment and its subsequent amelioration after treatment were noticed in groups 3, 4 and 5 Boswellia serrata showed better amelioration compared to meloxicam with a superior curative effect witnessed when both the drugs were administered together. The significant alleviation of joint damage in adjuvant-induced arthritis may be attributed to the pharmacologically active principles present in the extracts of Boswellia serrata.

Composite polymer electrolytes comprising of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), ethylene carbonate (EC) and with different ratios of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) are prepared by solution casting technique and characterized. Structural and complex formations are confirmed from XRD and FTIR studies. Conductivity studies were carried out and found that as the Al2O3 concentration increases the conductivity is found to increase initially and then decrease after certain concentration. The room temperature ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte film bereft of Al2O3 is found to be 0.116 mS cm−1 which increases to 0.712 mS cm−1 in electrolyte membranes with 10 wt% of Al2O3. Dielectric behaviour (e′ and e″) for the composite polymer electrolytes was found to decreases with increase in frequency due to existence of electrode polarization effect. The high dielectric constant and low dielectric modulus are observed for 10 wt% of Al2O3 incorporated PVC–PBMA composite polymer electrolyte compared to other Al2O3 concentrations. The morphology of polymer electrolyte membranes were studied by scanning electron microscope.

A new tetradentate binucleating ligand [H 2 L] has been synthesized by condensation between 3, 3′-diaminobenzidine and o-hydroxyacetophenone in the molar ratio 1:4. The reaction of the ligand with metal chelation leads to bimolecular complexes of the general formula [M 2 (L)]. The ligand and metal complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV, IR, … 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, conductivity measurements and magnetic studies. In conductivity experiments, all metal chelates showed to be non-electrolytic in nature. The bonding sites are the nitrogen atoms of the azomethine and the oxygen atoms of the phenolic groups. The anti-microbial activities were screened against one Gram-positive bacterium ( Streptococcus pyogenes ) and one Gram-negative bacterium ( Klebsella pneumoniae ). The anti-fungal activity was screened against Asperigillus flavus . All complexes showed significant anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. The DNA binding studies were performed by electronic spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry studies and viscosity measurements. The cleavage studies of these complexes are investigated by gel electrophoresis method in the presence of peroxide. All complexes cleaved efficiently and the complex interacts with DNA through an intercalating way.

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of blindness, renal failure, amputation, heart attacks and stroke. For a diabetes patient, many factors are to be considered. Change in the meal may cause unpredictable changes in blood sugar levels. The diabetes patient monitoring considers these factors and proposes a solution using the sensors like glucometer sensor, blood Pressure sensor and the RFID tag with arduino given to the individual patients. The internet of things integrates many technologies, such as Internet, Zigbee, Bluetooth, infrared, Wi-Fi, GPRS, 3G, etc., This paper provides low cost global connectivity between the patients personal device and the patient’s web portal that updates the personal details, drugs remainder and the blood sugar level. When there is an increase, an automatic update is sent by a phone call or an SMS to the personal doctor.

Today authentication is the important one to improve the security in various applications Here the proposed system uses three steps to allow the process that is initially enter the password and then give the voice as the input using the arduino microcontroller it verifies the voice and then iris identification of the user. The user has to follow these steps and then only permit to continue the process. Based on the proposed system it highly protects your site from the hackers improve the efficiency also. The Iris recognition utilizes iris biometric technology to update the human’s iris image, verify it because this is the most secured method to improve the resources and the data become so confidential. Particularly this proposed system used to improve the Bank transaction via internet communication using the low cost arduino microcontroller. This system improves the authentication using the three step method by input as a text password, voice input, Iris recognition technology

applications attracted rampant attention in Epidemiology, Medical Entomology, Bio informatics, and Bio surveillance. Data mining applications is greatly useful to all stake holders in the healthcare industry. Associative Classification (AC) is a branch of data mining, a larger area of scientific study. To build a model for the purpose of prediction, AC is a suitable prediction technique, which integrates two data mining tasks, association rule mining and classification. The main aim of classification is the prediction of class labels, while association rule discovery describes relationship between items in a transactional database. Of late, Associative Classifier is having better accuracy as compared to that of traditional classifiers.Mosquito Borne Diseases that place a heavy burden on public health system on most of the tropical countries around the world. There is a need to develop prediction methods to augment existing control strategies. In this paper we use Fuzzy Weighted Associative Classifier to build an effective prediction model to predict mosquito borne disease incidence

This study was aimed at comparing the variables like Body mass index (BMI), Waist Hip ratio (WHR) and Lipid profile in normotensive and hypertensive males. The age group of the subjects were between 35-65 years. The objectives of doing this study are as follows: A) To measure the following parameters among the hypertensive and Normotensive males. 1) BMI (Kg / m2 ) : Body mass index 2) WHR: Waist-hip ratio 3) TC (mg / dl): Total serum Cholesterol level 4) TG (mg / dl): Total serum Triglyceride level 5) HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl): Serum High density lipoprotein level 6) LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl): Serum Low density lipoprotein level 7) VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dl): Serum Very low density lipoprotein Level 8) TC/ HDL-cholesterol ratio B) To compare the values of the above mentioned parameters in hypertensive males with that of age matched normotensive males The present case-control study was carried out in 60 hypertensive males and 60 normotensive males. The subjects were selected from the general population of town area. Maximum males belonged to middle socioeconomic class. The subjects were between the age of 35-65 years. The mean duration of history of hypertension was 4.15 ± 1.30 years. All the subjects were free from cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, diabetes and any other illness or complications. CONCLUSION: 1. There is increase in BMI in both groups suggestive of that obesity acts as a risk factor for hypertension. 2. There is increase in WHR in both groups suggestive of that central obesity in particular is associated with hypertension. 3. There is increase in Total cholesterol level, Triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol levels, Total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio in hypertension suggestive of dyslipidemia is also a risk factor associated with hypertension 4. Effective control of Hypertension both by Non pharmacological and pharmacological method will reduce the incidence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal complications.5) Hence for the prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular complications, health education regarding lifestyle modifications have to be done in the population.

The present study comprises of 100 men and women. 52 males and 48 females within the age group from 40 years to 80 years were selected. Patients attending ENT OPD above 40 years without any comorbidity and having clinical features of age related hearing loss such as difficulties in hearing conversations, tinnitus, hearing loss, were selected. Patients with ear discharge, ototoxicity, ear surgery, cardiovascular disease, exposure to noise were excluded. Smoking status at the time of the baseline hearing examination was determined by self-report. Subjects who were smoking at the time of the examination were regarded as current smokers, Subjects who had smoked previously but had ceased at the time of examination were regarded as past smokers, and Subjects who had never smoked were regarded as non-smokers. The present study is undertaken with the aim to assess any association between smoking and age related hearing loss, to know whether the hearing impairment is more prevalent in smokers or non-smokers, to know in which age group the percentage of hearing impairment is more prevalent, and to know which ear is more affected in smokers and non-smokers group. Hearing tests were performed in a sealed, soundproof room. The examination included an otoscopic evaluation, pure-tone air-conduction and bone- conduction audiometry. Average threshold of hearing was taken and greater than 25 dB was used as an indicator of hearing loss. In the present study, the results are consistent with early clinical studies reporting that smoking is significantly associated with hearing loss. Modification of life style factors (smoking cessation) can retard the age related changes in hearing sensitivity. The Health education through various types of electronic media, seminars, and cinemas about smoking cessation should be undertaken.

The present study includes100 normal healthy individuals both males and females, 28 females and 72 males within the age groups from 16 years to 58 years were taken after careful clinical Examination to rule out any cardiac abnormality in particular, and other diseases in general; by following the given pattern. It is known that pulmonary, endocrinal, renal electrolytes and other abnormalities all can result in changes in the ECG pattern; a detailed careful clinical examination was done to rule out the above disorders. Infants were excluded from the study, as post partum period may be associated with changes pertaining to fetal circulation, which needs a separate study. Children below 15 years were also excluded from the study because incidence of congenital heart disease is more common in ages less than 15 years. Symptomatic individuals with any system were also not included in this study. Present study aims at Studying the: Rate, Rhythm, Axis, PR Interval, QRS duration, QT duration, PR and ST segments in a systematic way to note the following: 1.To see any abnormalities in all above parameters. (a)To note their frequency; (b)Whether they are related to age; (c)The types of abnormalities, (d)And to note a particular abnormality, whether it is a normal variant or associated with a silent diseased state (e)To study the variance and distribution of all the parameters. The 12 lead ECG(Electrocardiograph)Machine was taken for this study with 10 mm standardization. Resting ECG(Electrocardiogram) was taken for all the individuals. Conclusion: ECG varies from individual to individual even in normal individuals. Majority of the ECGs in normal individuals shows a pattern, which falls within normal range. A considerable percentage of individuals deviate from the normal pattern. The frequently observed abnormalities are Tachycardia, Bradycardia and ERS(Early Repolarisation Syndrome).Less frequently seen abnormalities are LAD(Left Axis Deviation), 1 0 heart block PVCs(Premature Ventricular Contractions) wandering pacemaker, RBBB(Right Bundle Branch Block)So understanding normal ECG and deviations in normal individuals is very important to interpret the diseased states, treating them, and giving the prognosis.

The present article deals with different measures which will prevent the 'NEURODEGENERATION' in the neurons of the central nervous system. The neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by conformational changes in the proteins that result in misfolding, aggregation and intra or extra-neuronal accumulation of amyloid fibrils. To prevent this pathology, we have different 'TOOLS' which are elaborated in the main article below. The goals of Medicine are to promote health, to preserve health, to restore health when it is impaired and to minimize suffering and distress. These goals are embodied in the word "PREVENTION". Successful prevention depends upon a knowledge of causation, dynamics of transmission, identification of risk factors and risk groups, availability of prophylactic or early detection and treatment measures, an organization for applying these measures to appropriate persons or groups and continuous evaluation of and development of procedures applied. Prevention framework includes Primary - true prevention, Secondary - early detection& screening, Tertiary - doing the best possible in established disease. Effective treatment or intervention for people identified through early detection with evidence of early treatment leading to better outcome than late treatment. Neuroprotection is the mechanisms and strategies used to protect against neuronal injury or degeneration in the Central Nervous System. The goal of neuroprotection is to limit neuronal dysfunction/death after CNS injury and attempt to maintain the highest possible integrity of cellular interactions in the brain resulting in an undisturbed neural function.

The present study was aimed to investigate whether α-tocopherol could protect the chromium (Cr) VI-induced oxidative stress in female reproductive system of rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms of the same. A total of 24 Wistar adult female rats were equally divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control, while groups 2 and 3 were administered K2Cr2O7 (10 mg/kg b.wt. s.c. single dose). In addition to Cr, group 3 also received α-tocopherol @ 125 mg/kg daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Group 4 was maintained as α-tocopherol control (dose as above). Body weights were recorded at the beginning and at the end of experiment. Further, the rats were observed for occurrence of estrus cycle. At the end of 14 days, blood samples were drawn for sero-biochemical analysis. Subsequently, all the rats were sacrificed to collect uterus along with ovaries for assay of tissue peroxidation, anti-oxidant and functional markers, and histopathology. Administration of chromium (Cr) VI to rats revealed a significant (P < 0.05) accumulation of cholesterol and a prolonged diestrus phase leading to impaired fertility in rats. Administration of chromium (Cr) VI significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH), along with significant (P < 0.05) increase in peroxidation markers such as malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in ovaries. The functional marker in serum such as total protein was decreased, whereas other functional markers viz alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were increased. Prominent pathological changes were observed in the uterus and ovaries of Cr-treated group. Co-treatment with α-tocopherol significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the (Cr) VI induced changes.

The principal aim of nutrition education is to provide people in rural and urban areas with adequate informa- tion, skills and motivation to procure and to consume appropriate diets which in turn would improve family food supplies and more efficient utilization of available food and economic resources to provide nutritious diets and bet- ter care for the most vulnerable groups. The impact of Nutrition messages were studied in a phased manner on 100 farm women (@ 20 each from 5 villages) using a pre-tested questionnaire in the Operational villages of All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Home Science, Ranga Reddy District, Andhra Pradesh. The Mean scores were calculated and student't' test was employed to study Significance. The results reveal a significant impact of nutrition messages on the gain and retention of knowledge among the farm women culminating in healthy practices by 44%.

Socio demographic and psychological correlates of neuroticism were examined in a sample of 360 community living subjects in the age group of 21-50 years drawn from rural and urban areas of Chittoor and Nellore dis- tricts. Correlations between different facets of neuroticism and socio demographic and psychological variables were calculated through standardized tools. Results show that physical distress, locus of control and health habits were significant correlates of neuroticism.

Solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprising poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(ehylene oxide) (PEO) and different lithium salts (LiClO4, LiBF4 and LiCF3SO3) were prepared by the solution casting technique. The effect of complexing salt on the ionic conductivity of the PVC/PEO host polymer is discussed. Solid polymer electrolyte films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, TG/DTA and ac impedance spectroscopic studies. The conductivity studies of these solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films are carried out as a function of frequency at various temperatures ranging from 302 K to 353 K. The maximum room temperature ionic conductivity is found to be 0·079 × 10−4 S cm−1 for the film containing LiBF4 as the complexing salt. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of polymer electrolyte films seems to obey the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) relation.

The objective of this study was to determine the liver oxidative stress status of grey mullets living in heavy-metal-rich polluted Ennore estuary compared with unpolluted Kovalam estuary. Fish were collected from both estuaries during the monsoon and summer seasons from October 2004 to September 2006. Fish liver homogenate (N = 20 per group) was prepared for evaluating oxidative stress parameters. Fish living in the polluted estuary had significantly higher lipid oxidation products, conjugated dienes (0.346 +/- 0.017 vs 0.141 +/- 0.012 DA233/mg protein), lipid hydroperoxides (0.752 +/- 0.032 vs 0.443 +/- 0.03 nmol/mg protein), and lipid peroxides (3.447 +/- 0.14vs 1.456 +/- 0.096 nmol MDA/mg protein) than those of the unpolluted estuary during the summer. In contrast, significantly lower levels of superoxide dismutase (20.39 +/- 1.14 vs 53.63 +/- 1.48 units/mg protein) and catalase (116 +/- 6.87vs 153 +/- 8.92 units/mg protein) were detected in the liver of fish from the polluted estuary (Ennore) compared to fish from the unpolluted estuary (Kovalam) during the summer. Variations in most of the oxidative stress parameters were observed between the summer and monsoon seasons, indicating the importance of seasonal variation for estuaries and their inhabitants.

Poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethyl methacrylate)-based polymer blend electrolytes comprising propylene carbonate as a plasticizer and a lithium salt LiX (X = BF4−, ClO4−, CF3SO3−) are prepared by a solvent casting technique. The electrolytes are subjected to characterization by ionic conductivity, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetic/differential thermal analysis. The electrolytes that contain LiBF4 exhibit maximum conductivity and are thermally stable up to 254 °C.

Growth of Botryococcus braunii was studied using different autotrophic media such as bold basal medium (BBM), and bold basal with ammonium carbonate (BBMa), BG11, modified Chu 13 medium. Among the different autotrophic media used, BG11 was found to be the best medium for biomass and hydrocarbon production, although B. braunii showed appreciable level of growth and biomass production in all the tested media. The culture maintained at 16:8 h light and dark cycle with 1.2±0.2 klux light intensity at 25±1 °C temperature was found to be the best for growth (2.0 and 2.8 g L −1 of biomass was produced by the B. braunii strains SAG 30.81 and LB-572, respectively) and hydrocarbon production (46% and 33%, respectively, by SAG 30.81 and LB 572 strains on dry weight basis) whereas continuous illumination with agitation at 90 rpm had maximum influence for the production of exopolysaccharides. The results of the present study indicate that the organism can acclimatize to different culture conditions and to a wide range of culture media with production of more than one metabolite.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth with a wide variety of mechanisms. The use of PGPR is steadily increasing in agriculture and offers an attractive way to replace chemical fertilizers, pesticides and supplements. Here, we have isolated, enumerated and characterized the PGPR from the rhizosphere soil of pigeon pea for the enhancement of growth of pigeon pea. Rhizosphere soils were collected from different areas of Samalkot, Pithapuram, Peddapuram and Kakinada. Sixty five (65) isolates were identified and characterized for their morphological, cultural, staining and biochemical characteristics, of which 35 was selected for the screening of PGPR isolates. Sixteen isolates were successfully characterized for the PGPR traits like indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphorus solubilization, and production of enzymes like urease, chitinase, amylase, cellulase, protease and β-1,3 glucanase and were assayed. The antagonistic nature of these strains towards fungi and bacteria were estimated by siderophore estimation, 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase characterization, dual plate culture method and HCN production technique, and the best one was selected. These were further investigated to show the PGPR traits in pigeon pea seedling emergence, increase of shoot length, root length, dry matter production of shoot, nodule number and nodule mass. Furthermore, PGPR isolates remarkably increased seed germination of pigeon pea. Among the sixteen isolates, seven were found to be high IAA producing. Six were found to be efficient phosphate solubilizers, five isolates were found to be good antagonistic towards pathogen soil fungi and eight isolates were found to be better in enzyme productions, and thus, may enhance the mineralization efficiency of soils. Three isolates were shown to be promising in IAA production, phosphate solubilization, antagonism towards fungi, and mineralizing capacity. Thus, this study suggests the use of these isolates as inoculant biofertilizers which might be beneficial for pigeon pea cultivation as they enhanced the growth and other growth parameters. Keywords: Indole acetic acid (IAA), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), phosphorus solubilization, enzyme productions, seed germination