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Burns in pregnant women, although rare, can be serious, and therefore can be life-threatening for the mother and fetus. Morbidity and mortality are influenced by factors related to the burn, such as the depth and the TBSA burned, and patient-related factors, such as age, pre-existing medical conditions, associated injuries, and the term of the pregnancy. The fetal prognosis is generally good when the mother does not develop severe complications such as sepsis, hypotension, or hypoxia. The management’s goal is maternal and fetal rescue. The treatment protocol must be well codified, requiring the establishment of a multidisciplinary team involving plastic surgeons, reanimators, and obstetricians. Treatment including aggressive hydro-electrolyte resuscitation, oxygen therapy, thromboprophylaxis, and early and effective antibiotic prophylaxis, are effective measures for both maternal and fetal management. Early excision of deep lesions and skin grafts is the cornerstone of the management of burnt pregnant women, in order to reduce the amount of prostaglandin and cytokines released into the circulation. As part of the fetal rescue, labor induction is imperative if pregnancy is in the third trimester for extraction from the toxic environment, otherwise, tocolysis and obstetrical monitoring to reach the third trimester. We present a case series of burns occurring in pregnant women treated at the National Center for Burns and Plastic and Restorative Surgery.

Retrospective study of 26 radioclinical cases of mediastinal cystic lesions, realized betweenJanuary 2011 and December 2015 in the radiology department of the UHC Hassan II of Fez.All patients were examined by a chest X-ray (face and profile), a CT scan, and an ultrasoundinafew cases. The patients of our series were distributed as follows: Tumor and malformative origin (cysticlymphangioma in 6 cases, thymic cyst in 4 cases, bronchogenic cyst in 3 cases and pleuro-pericardialcystin2cases),infectiousorigin(hydatidcystin5cases,mediastinalabscessin4cases,Tuberculosisin2cases).Theimageryallowedtoeasilyconfirmtheliquidnatureof thesemasses.Theetiologiesareveryvariedandthediagnosticorientationisbasedessentially onthe topography andtheage ofthe patient. &nbsp

With the technological progress of humans and the need to stay connected by various means of communication including laptops and smartphones, security measures must follow the qualities of computers as well as their chargers. Explosion burns of electronic gadgets are rarely reported in the scientific literature. We report three cases of explosive burns of electronic gadgets including one by explosion of a laptop computer. The aim of our work is to explain the explosion mechanism and emphasize the safety measures to be followed to limit this type of accident, which can be serious and sometimes fatal.

The gold standard for closure of excised full-thickness burns is split-thickness skin autograft. Patients with very large burns have limited donor sites for harvesting of autograft and may benefit from the use of skin Allografts. Taken from cadaveric or human skin as part of tissue donation. Allograft skin has been widely used for wound management in burn centers. Functional as biologic dressing, it can not only provide ideal temporary wound coverage in extensive burns when autograft is not immediately available but also prepare the wound bed for definitive autografting. In this study, we present the results of the use of allograft from living donors in three children, the use of this live skin allograft has permitted to keep the children’s alive in a balanced physiologic state until autologous skin graft or spontaneous healing closed all wounds. The procedure of live skin allograft is simple and replicable, and can be applied in settings where no skin bank is available in the management of deep burns.

Surgical treatment is considered the gold standard for the management of complex lesions in FSA and is currently in competition with the improvement of new endovascular techniques. The aim of this work is to compare the two revascularization techniques in terms of efficacy, morbidity and mortality, which is based on a retrospective study of 50 cases of long FSA occlusions treated either by surgical treatment or by endovascular, at the vascular surgery department of Avicenna military hospital in Marrakech during the period between January 2014 to December 2016. The mean age of our patients was higher in the endovascular treatment group compared to the surgical treatment group, (68.5 years versus 62.3) respectively, we noted a male predominance in both groups. Critical lower extremity ischaemia was the most common reason for consultation in both groups: 76.7% in the endovascular treatment group and 80% in the surgical treatment group. All the patients had received the necessary explorations to assess the lesion as well as the extension of the atherosclerotic disease. The technique was successful in 100% of cases, without any major postoperative complications or death, the average length of hospital stay was lower in the endovascular treatment group: one day compared to 4 days in the surgical treatment group. The primary and secondary patency at 12 months were similar in the two groups (73.3% versus 75%) and (83.3% versus 85%) respectively. Thanks to the improvement of endovascular techniques, the management of long occlusions of the superficial femoral artery therefore appears to be an attractive alternative to surgical treatment, more particularly for patients with high surgical risk and presenting numerous comorbidities.

Our initial intention was to use point geochemical data in relation to regional and/or local geology to identify and quantify the mineral potential of these Paleozoic formations, and the nature of the soil in relation to weathering by external climatic agents. The mineralogical study of the substrates proved to be essential to confirm the results of the spot sampling by channel sampling of the mineralized structures. From there, it was decided to focus on structural geology, regional tectonics, geochemistry, geomorphology, and the extension of veins from other deposits around this site. Because it is located at the Ordovician-Devonian contact, the copper mineralization at the future Imi Nisk mine site in the Central High Atlas has been interpreted in terms of sulfides-rich cluster deposits (Chalcopyrite, Azurite and Covellite) in Ankerite or siderite, and quartzite. The new structural and mineralogical data presented in this work favor the hypothesis of epigenetic mineralization, meaning that it was formed after the host rock. The present work consists in establishing a preliminary research in order to give a general idea and a very precise overview of the gitology, geology and geochemistry of the mineralized structures and veins located in this research permit in mining exploration of Imi Nisk. Also, no study has been published in this thematic on this site.

Khenifra region is rich in geological resources, which attracted a lot of investment, especially the quarrying. The Grou River watershed contains a lot of quarries of alluvial material extraction which causes negative impacts on its environment such as landscape modification, water quality degradation, dust emission and, soil erosion. The evaluation of water quality by measuring physicochemical parameters showed a deterioration of its quality in the downstream area compared to the upstream area. To respond to this situation, we suggest a set of mitigation measure and propose the respect of monitoring and surveillance plans.

The Permian volcanic complex of Khenifra (Moroccan Central Hercynian Massif) manifests itself mainly by volcanic rocks of andesite, rhyolite, dacite, rhyodacite, ignimbrite and trachyte nature. These are rocks with a microlitic to porphyritic texture. They are formed by a primary paragenesis made of plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, feldspar, biotite, amphibole and quartz and a secondary mineral association made of augite, calcite, chlorite and opaque. Intermediate and acidic rocks are widely represented in Khenifra basin. These facies are of calco-alkaline affinity.

The Rif is among the areas of Morocco most susceptible to landslides, because of the existence of relatively young reliefs marked by a very important dynamics compared to other regions. These landslides are one of the most serious problems on many levels: social, economic and environmental. The increase in the frequency and impact of landslides over the past decade has demonstrated the need for an in-depth study of these phenomena, allowing the identification of areas susceptible to landslides. The main objective of this study is to identify the optimal method for the mapping of the area susceptible to landslides in municipality of Oudka. This area has been marked by the largest landslide in the region, caused by heavy rainfall in 2013. Two Statistical Methods i) Regression Logistics (LR) ii) Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), were used to create a landslide susceptibility map. The realization of this susceptibility map required, first, the mapping of old landslides by the aerial photography, the data of the geological map and by the data obtained using field surveys using GPS. A total of 105 landslides were mapped from these various sources. 50% of this database was used for model building and 50% for validation. Eight independent landslide factors are exploited to detect the most sensitive areas: altitude, slope, aspect, distance of faults, distance streams, distance from roads, lithology and vegetation index (NDVI). The results of the landslide susceptibility analysis were verified using success and prediction rates. The success rate (AUC = 0.918) and the prediction rate (AUC = 0.901) of the LR model is higher than that of the ANN model (success rate (AUC = 0.886) and prediction rate (AUC = 0.877). These results indicate that the Regression Logistic (LR) model is the best model for determining landslide susceptibility in the study area.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

If $M$ is a simple module over a ring $R$ then, by the Schur's lemma, the endomorphism ring of $M$ is a division ring. However, the converse of this result does not hold in general, even when $R$ is artinian. In this short note, we consider perfect rings for which the converse assertion is true, and we show that these rings are exactly the primary decomposable ones.

The authors report the successful removal of a paraganglioma associated with horseshoe kidney after preoperative embolization and two previous failed surgical attempts undergone in another center. Complete excision of the tumour was performed smoothly. Total blood loss was 205 ml and the surg-ical time was approximately 160 minutes. The posto-per-ative period was uneventful. Histological findings were of paraganglioma, and there was no surgical margin. This case emphasizes the necessity to include preoperative embolization in the manage-ment of difficult or inextirpable retro-peritoneal para-ganglioma and should be considered in difficult case.

The sedimentary phosphates series from the Upper Maastricht to the Lutetion of the OuladAbdoun sedimentary basin is almost identical at the basin-scale. It is made up by alternation of either phosphate or non-phosphate sub-horizontal levels. The series was characterized by rhythmic sedimentation under the form of successive elementary sequences. On the other hand, the series of SidiChennaneis distinguished by the presence of local disturbances defined by the miners under the term "derangements". These "derangements", which are less frequent at other mining sites (MEA Lahrech, El Hlassa, Point A), are a notable problem during extraction and remain a real obstacle at phosphate mining sites. The morphology of these "derangements" is almost subcircular to subconical sinkholes and chaotic bodies of anarchical materials. They are fontis type paleokarsts, it is an amalgam of highly altered yellowish brecciated rusty material whose lithological nature reflects that of the surrounding series. They also reflect endokarst siliceous and ferruginous neoformedfacies in the empty spaces of the palaeokarst. The origin of the palaeokarstshasbeen linked to the presence of NE-SW trend faults that have favoured the alteration and dissolution of the gypsum and chalk facies of the Senonian. The regular spatial distribution of these fontisis well related to the regionalAtlasictectonics. This study aims to investigate these problems in its geological aspect, in order to characterize and understand their origin. The purpose of this work isto compare the results obtained by electric tomography, gravimetry and lineament mapping and match them with geological data to draw a meaningful conclusion on the existence of these disturbances and their spatial distribution in relation to tectonic.

We consider a mathematical model describing the quasi-static process of contact between a thermo-electroviscoelastic body and a rigid foundation. The contact is described by Signorini’s conditions. The variational formulation leads to a coupled system for the displacement filed, the electric potential and the temperature. The existence of weak solution is proved by using an abstract results for parabolic variational equalities, strongly monotone operators and Banach fixed point theorem. We also study the numerical approach to the problem using spatially semi-discrete and fully discrete finite elements schemes and derive error estimates on the approximate solutions

The logistic regression (LR) and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MarSpline) are applied and verified for analysis of landslide susceptibility map in Oudka, Morocco, using geographical information system. From spatial database containing data such as landslide mapping, topography, soil, hydrology and lithology, the eight factors related to landslides such as elevation, slope, aspect, distance to streams, distance to road, distance to faults, lithology map and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated or extracted. Using these factors, landslide susceptibility indexes were calculated by the two mentioned methods. Before the calculation, this database was divided into two parts, the first for the formation of the model and the second for the validation. The results of the landslide susceptibility analysis were verified using success and prediction rates to evaluate the quality of these probabilistic models. The result of this verification was that the MarSpline model is the best model with a success rate (AUC = 0.963) and a prediction rate (AUC = 0.951) higher than the LR model (success rate AUC = 0.918, rate prediction AUC = 0.901).

This work reports new experimental density data (954 points) for binary mixtures of 1-heptanol + heptane over the composition range (seven compositions; 0 ⩽ 1-heptanol mole fraction x ⩽ 1), between 298.15 and 393.15 K, and for 23 pressures from 0.1 MPa up to 140 MPa. An Anton Paar vibrating tube densimeter, calibrated with an uncertainty of ±0.7 kg · m−3 was used to perform these measurements. The experimental density data were fitted with a Tait-like equation with low standard deviations. Excess volumes have been calculated from the experimental data. In addition, the isobaric thermal expansivity and the isothermal compressibility have been derived from the Tait-like equation, provided as supplementary material .

The phosphate series of the basin of Oulad Abdoun begins in Maastrichtian with phosphate deposits relatively very marly. It ends at the Lutetian by a calcareous slab. Derangement is any disruption of the usual succession of the phosphate series and that which disrupts the evolution of the kinematic chain, leading to a decrease in production and profitability. In this case, we have a partially disturbed series and the disturbance consists of all the elements of the series (limestone, flint, marls and phosphate). The present work has been carried out in two ways: The present work has been carried out in two ways: The first one, purely geological, consists of the identification of the different layers of the Ouled Abdoun basin in the El Halassa site and their continuity to the outcrop. At the end of these observations, the basin shows derangement of two kinds: a disturbance on the scale of the whole series known as major disturbance, and a second which affects only part of the series. Thus, it is a minor or local disturbance. The second one, geophysics, is the application of three geophysical methods: electric tomography, magnetism, and refraction seismic. The correlation of these applications should result in delineating the mineralized zone and tracking all elements that in one way or another affect this mineralization. These elements are referred to as "derangement". The combination of the results of these two methods (vertical electrical survey and tomography) used allowed us to identify and map the disturbed places in the chosen area of El Halassa. The study will be extended to other sites and the results can be compared and correlated to understand the extent and origin of these disturbances.

Objectives Surveillance programmes for occupational asthma should reduce the severity of asthma both at the time of diagnosis and after removal from exposure as well as costs related to functional impairment. The aim of this study was to compare the severity and cost of diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma in workers participating in a surveillance programme and in twice the number of workers diagnosed after being referred by their physician. Methods Answers to a self-administered questionnaire led to possible referral for further assessment that included methacholine testing and specific inhalation challenges as the gold standard for confirming occupational asthma. Results Of the 2897 workers who participated, 182 (6.3%) had a positive questionnaire. 79/182 (43%) were referred for further medical assessment and 20 had confirmed occupational asthma by specific inhalation testing. At the time of diagnosis, the 20 screened subjects had a mean PC 20 of 3.35 mg/ml as compared to 1.50 mg/ml (p=0.05) in the 66 controls. Two years after diagnosis and removal from exposure, the 20 subjects screened had a mean PC 20 of 4.81 mg/ml compared to 1.67 mg/ml (p=0.03) in controls. Clinical remission occurred in 34% of the screened group compared to 16% of the control group (p=0.02). The median costs for functional impairment were $C11 900 in screened subjects and $C19 600 in controls (p=0.04). Conclusions Subjects with occupational asthma screened by a medical surveillance programme have a better outcome both at the time of diagnosis and 2 years after removal from exposure, with lower compensation costs compared to controls.

Background: The Argane tree (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) is an endemic tree of southwestern Morocco that plays an important socioeconomic and ecologic role for a dense human population in an arid zone. Several studies confirmed the importance of this species as a food and feed source and as a resource for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic compounds. Unfortunately, the argane tree ecosystem is facing significant threats from environmental changes (global warming, over-population) and over-exploitation. Limited research has been conducted, however, on argane tree genetics and genomics, which hinders its conservation and genetic improvement. Methods: Here, we present a draft genome assembly of A. spinosa. A reliable reference genome of A. spinosa was created using a hybrid de novo assembly approach combining short and long sequencing reads. Results: In total, 144 Gb Illumina HiSeq reads and 7.2 Gb PacBio reads were produced and assembled. The final draft genome comprises 75 327 scaffolds totaling 671 Mb with an N50 of 49 916 kb. The draft assembly is close to the genome size estimated by k-mers distribution and covers 89% of complete and 4.3 % of partial Arabidopsis orthologous groups in BUSCO. Conclusion: The A. spinosa genome will be useful for assessing biodiversity leading to efficient conservation of this endangered endemic tree. Furthermore, the genome may enable genome-assisted cultivar breeding, and provide a better understanding of important metabolic pathways and their underlying genes for both cosmetic and pharmacological purposes.

In this paper, we study the structure of group rings by means of endomorphism rings of their modules. The main tools used here, are the subrings fixed by automorphisms and the converse of Schur's lemma. Some results are obtained on fixed subrings and on primary decomposition of group rings.

Les échanges de phosphore à l'interface eau-sédiment ont été étudiés dans la retenue Al Massira. La campagne de prélèvements a été menée pendant la faible oxygénation des eaux profondes au mois d'octobre 1991. Les mesures des échanges de phosphore ont été réalisées in situ en chambre benthique.Les valeurs de pH sont élevées et reflètent clairement l'influence de la nature géologique du bassin versant sur la composition chimique des eaux. Ce bassin versant, formé essentiellement de roches sédimentaires calcaires, est vraisemblablement à l'origine des concentrations élevées en calcium mesurées dans les chambres benthiques.En période de faible oxygénation, on note une augmentation des teneurs en phosphore particulaire dans les eaux surnageantes en raison de la présence de complexes calcium-phosphore, fer-phosphore et manganèse-phosphore. En période d'anoxie, la réduction de ces complexes est accompagnée d'une aug- mentation des teneurs en phosphore.La densité bactérienne et la concentration en phosphore total et notamment en orthophosphates suivent une évolution temporelle comparable. Une fraction non négligeable du phosphore particulaire serait liée aux bactéries.Des mesures drastiques de déphosphatation du tributaire Oum Errbia doivent être prises pour éviter la dissociation des complexes Ca, Fe, Mn-Phosphore et le relargage de phosphore biodisponible., Phosphorus exchange at the sediment-water interface was studied in the Al Massira reservoir. This reservoir, located on the Oum Errbia river, is the most important freshwater resource in Morocco. It provides drinking water to the whole population of Casablanca and contributes to farming and to the functioning of several industrial plants. Our investigations were made in October 1991 and coincided with low oxygen concentrations in the deep layers. The measurements of phosphorus exchange have been made in sitn with a benthic chamber device.The results showed that these exchanges were regulated by a combination ofthe physical chemical variability of the environment and the geological composition of the catchment basin.The pH, which permanently exceeded 7 in Massira, suggests that calcium-bound phosphorus was primarily CaHFO4. Moreover, given the high phosphonrs inputs into the reservoir (570 tonnes. year-1), and despite the fact that, as soon as it reached the reservoir, a large fraction of this element was associated with to calcium, it's likely that the Massira reservoir is subject to eutrophication.In low oxygenated deep layers, we observed an increase in particulate phosphorus concentrations of the overlying water, due to the simultaneous presence of calcium-phosphorus, iron-phosphorus and manganese-phosphorus forms. Under anoxic conditions, the reduction ofthese complexes resulted in an increase of phosphorus concentrations.Bacterial cell numbers and total phosphorus concentratioru showed a comparable temporal behaviour. This would suggest that attached bacteria contributed at least partially to the total particulate phosphoms concentrations.We suggest that a drastic control of phosphorus inputs into the waters must be done through a program of dephosphorylation of tributaries to avoid the dissocation of calcium-, iron-, manganese-bound phosphorus with release upwards of bioavailable phosphorus.

L'étude du métabolisme des populations microphytobenthiques par le biais des principaux constituants cellulaires à savoir les glucides, les protéines et les lipides a été réalisée du mois d'août 1996 au mois de juillet 1997 au sein du réservoir Allal El Fassi, situé sous climat semi-aride.Les résultats issus d'un échantillonnage sur substrats artificiels permettent de montrer que :- la température, l'oxygène, l'azote et le phosphore influencent l'orientation métabolique des populations microphytobenthiques ;- les plus fortes concentrations en glucides, en protéines et en lipides correspondent à des populations estivales ;- les lipides sont susceptibles de fournir une estimation satisfaisante de la biomasse microphytobenthiques ;- le métabolisme du microphytobenthos s'oriente vers la synthèse préférentielle des protéines., Most of the works achieved so far in semi-arid lakes have been focused especially on the dynamics, structure and metabolic of phytoplankton. However, this issue has not been addressed in term of metabolic microphytobenthic cells activity. With an aim increasing the relative scientific knowledge relating to the functioning of lacustrian ecosystems in the Maghreb for which the data are still very fragmentary, special attention has been granted to the study of the microphytobenthos metabolism, by means of determining essential cellular constituents (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) of the reservoir Allal El Fassi.The Allal El Fassi reservoir is about 47 km of Fez. It was built in 1992, and is 7 km long, 0.7 km wide and 34 m maximum depth. The reservoir is classed as mesotrophic and used for irrigation, recreation and to supply drinking water.The study was conducted between August 1996 and July 1997. Samples were taken vertically from the deepest point of the reservoir by means of a Van-Dorn sampler from seven depths: Near the surface, - 2 m, - 5 m, - 10 m, - 15 m, - 20 m and close to the bottom. The samples were analysed for physical, chemical and metabolism of Diatom. Analysis of Nitrogen and phosphate was done following Golterman method and oxygen dissolved by the Winkler method.Given the advantage that presents the artificial substrata (polyethylene leaves) for sample of periphyton, we have opted for the utilization of these substrata similar to these already used by WATANABE et al. (1988). These substrata are submerged during four weeks at different depths.The evaluation of the microphytobenthic biomass has been carried out according to the method of LOHMAN (1908) after enumerations to the microscope Olympus following the technique of LECLERCQ (1984).The dosage of the carbohydrates has been undertaken according to the method of MOAL et al. (1985), while concentrations of proteins have been determined according to the method of LOWRY (1951) and lipids have been extracted according to the method chloroform/methanol.The results show that microphytobenthic biomass presents important fluctuations since extreme values are respectively 0.25·104 µg·cm-2 and 14.95·104 µg·cm-z.Carbohydrates and lipids concentrations (mean=4.52 µg·cm-z and 2.27 µg·cm-z, respectively) are clearly less high than those of proteins (mean=81.84 µg·cm-2). This result indicates that the metabolism of the microphytobenthos of the Allal El Fassi reservoir is oriented towards the preferential protein synthesis. The vertical distribution of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids concentrations shows a well marked stratification, maximal concentrations generally recorded between 0 and 5 m. These high concentrations are attributed to the development of Niztchia, Navicula, Cymbella, Cyclotella, Melosira and Cocconeis.Proteins and carbohydrates concentrations were significantly correlated (r=0.84, p=0.01 at 0m and r=0.52, p=0.10 at 5 m). On the opposite, concentrations of lipids have no correlation neither with those of proteins, nor with those of the carbohydrates.The correlation between the lipids concentrations and the microphytobenthic biomass, is highly significant (r=0.48, p=0.10). This correlation results notably into the fact that lipids visualise well the evolution of the microphytobenthic biomass. However, no significant correlation was found between proteins, carbohydrates concentrations and biomass microphytobenthic.Many works prove the influences of some environmental factors namely light intensity and the temperature on the biochemical composition of the microphytobenthic. In this way, we observe that in period of high temperature, the synthesis of lipids is important. The positive correlation between temperature and lipids (r=0.48, p=0.10) support the observed increase in the concentrations of this variable with increasing temperature. Nevertheless, no significant correlation was found between proteins and carbohydrates concentrations and temperature, which suggests that the synthesis of these components is made independently from this factor. Oxygen dissolved and nitrogen intervene equally in the synthesis of lipids.

Les variations temporelles des concentrations en phosphore, celles des abondances bactériennes et de l'activité de la phosphatase alcaline (APA) ont été estimées in situ en chambre benthique placée en deux points du réservoir Sahela (Maroc) durant les mois de septembre et octobre 98. En période de faible oxygénation, nous avons enregistré des élévations relativement faibles des concentrations en orthophosphates (de 0,020 à 0,035 mg. l-1 au point 1 et 0,015 à 0,025 mg. l-1 au point 2) par rapport au phosphore total (0,080 à 0,100 mg. l-1 au point 1 et de 0,035 à 0,040 mg. l-1 au point 2). À cette période, les abondances bactériennes et l'APA montrent des valeurs maximales (8. 106 bact. ml-1 et 0,323 mmol.PNP l-1.h-1 au point 1 et 6.106 bact. ml-1 et 0,438 mmol.PNP l-1.h-1 au point 2 respectivement). L'apparition des conditions anoxiques et la diminution du pH favorisaient la dissolution du phosphore particulaire et la libération du phosphore réactif soluble. Cette libération s'accompagne d'une élévation des abondances de bactéries anaérobies (de 5.106 à 9,2. 106 bact. ml-1 au point 1 et de 3,8.106 à 7,2. 106 bact. ml-1 au point 2) et une diminution progressive d'APA (de 0,200 à 0,025 mmol.PNP l-1.h-1 au point 1 et de 0,125 à 0,077 mmol.PNP l-1.h-1 au point 2). Ce relargage du phosphore à partir du sédiment est accentué par les rejets domestiques et industriels de la ville de Taounate, ce qui accélère le processus d'eutrophisation de ce réservoir., Temporal variations of phosphorus concentrations, bacterial abundance and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) were estimated in situ in a benthic chamber. The chamber used has a surface of 0.4m2 and a volume of 90 l ; it resembles those used in oceanography, with a tube connecting the interior of the chamber to the lake surface. The water in the chamber was permanently mixed by an electric agitation system. The chamber was placed at two points in the Sahela reservoir (Morocco). Point 1 was located near Guelta El Haila, a site that receives both domestic and industrial effluent, and point 2 was located in the centre of the reservoir. During the two incubations, eight samples were taken over 24 d in September and October 1998 from point 1, and seven samples were taken from point 2 over 29 d in October. After each sampling, an equal volume of water was injected into the chamber to avoid bubble formation.Under low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the benthic chamber, we noticed a relatively small elevation in orthophosphate concentrations (from 0.020 to 0.035 mg×L-1 at point 1 and from 0.015 to 0.025 mg×L-1 at point 2) in relation to total phosphorus (from 0.080 to 0.100 mg×L-1 and from 0.035 to 0.040 mg×L-1 at points 1 and 2 respectively). The low residual oxygenation of hypolimnic layer allowed the oxidation of iron, manganese and led to their binding to phosphorus released from the interstitial water. Dissociation of calcium-phosphorus complexes as a result of a pH decrease may have contributed to phosphorus release. The orthophosphate concentrations were relatively low, a situation that favours the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase by aerobic bacteria and facultative aerobic bacteria. In this period, the bacterial abundance and APA were comparable and showed the maximal values (8. 106 bact. ml-1 and 0.323 mmol. PNP l-1.h-1 (phosphate nitrophenol) in point 1 and 6. 106 bact. ml-1and 0.438 mmol. PNP l-1.h-1 in point 2 respectively). The lack of a significant correlation between total APA and bacterial abundance at the two sampling points is probably due to the decrease of aerobic bacteria followed by a repopulation with anaerobic bacteria. However, the relative contribution of two bacterial populations that have different sizes, as at points 1 and 2, showed that the majority of total APA was produced by bacteria that are attached to organic matter. Therefore we suggest that attached bacteria contribute more than free bacteria to APA production.The beginning of anoxic conditions and the decrease in pH favored the dissolution of particulate phosphorus and the liberation of reactive phosphorus. We noted an elevation in orthophosphate concentrations (from 0.035 to 0.050 mg×L-1 at point 1 and stabilised at 0.025 mg×L-1 at point 2) and total phosphorus (from 0.100 to 0.150 mg×L-1 at point 1 and from 0.040 to 0.050 mg×L-1 at point 2). This liberation followed an increase in anaerobic bacterial abundance (from 5×106 to 9.2×106 bact×mL-1 at point 1 and from 3.8×106 to 7.2×106 bact×mL-1 at point 2) and the progressive decrease in APA (from 0.200 to 0.025 mmol PNP L-1 ×h-1 at point 1 and from 0.125 to 0.077 mmol PNP L-1 ×h-1 at point 2). The anaerobic bacteria did not activate their alkaline phosphatase and the synthesis of their enzyme was progressively inhibited by a de-repression phenomenon caused by high phosphorus concentrations.We conclude that low oxygen and a decrease in pH favoured the release of phosphorus by dissolution of chemical complexes: calcium-phosphorus, iron-phosphorus, manganese-phosphorus and aluminium-phosphorus. This release is also the result of bacterial phosphatase activity to which fixed bacteria contributed the most. The release of phosphorus from water-sediment interface is further amplified by phosphate import from domestic and industrial waste waters originating from Taounate, which accelerates the eutrophication process in this reservoir.

L'impact du zooplancton métazoaire sur le phytoplancton et les protozoaires ciliés a été mesuré durant la période de juillet à décembre 1999 dans le réservoir Sahela sous climat méditerranéen semi-aride.Les expériences ont été réalisées à l'aide de chambres de diffusion immergées in situ pendant 7 heures en absence (chambres témoins) et en présence (chambres expérimentales) du zooplancton.Les résultats indiquent que la mortalité moyenne à 4 m des algues est de 0,13 + 0,03 h-1, et celle des protozoaires ciliés de 0,07 + 0,03 h-1. Cryptomonas ovata et Halteria grandinella ont subi la plus forte prédation, respectivement, 0,31 + 0,14 h-1 et 0,11 + 0,04 h-1 à 4 m. Toutefois, les algues de grande taille (Pediastrum sp, Ceratium hirundinella et Peridinium cinctum) n'ont été que très peu ou pas consommées., The Sahela reservoir, located in Taounate at 90 km from Fès, lying at an altitude of 325 m, was built to provide drinking water for the population of Taounate and to contribute to irrigate neighbouring farming perimeters.In order to assess the impact of metazoan zooplankton on phytoplankton and protozoan ciliates in the Sahela reservoir under semi-arid climate, we conducted experiments during the period from July to December 1999 at the deepest point in the lake (15 m).Sampling and measurements were carried out in diffusion chambers submerged in situ over a period of 7 h without (control chambers) and with (experimental chambers) zooplankton. During these experiments, counts were conducted on phytoplankton and ciliates to determine the abundance and the mortality of these organisms due to zooplankton in each diffusion chambers at t=0 and t=7 h incubation. The metazooplankton were counted and dry weight of each taxa was calculated.In summer the highest zooplankton biomass (150 µg·L-1) mainly composed of cyclopoid Tropocyclops prasinus, caused mortality of the small-sized ciliates, such as Halteria grandinella (0.10 h-1). In Autumn, the zooplankton biomass (75 µg·l-1), dominated by Daphnia longispina, induced a higher mortality for phytoplankton (0.10 h-1) than for ciliates (0.05 h-1). In Winter, the zooplankton biomass (100 µg·L-1), also represented by Daphnia longispina, had a low impact on ciliate mortality (< 0.02 h-1).The study showed that a heavy predation by the metazoan zooplankton was exerted on small-sized phytoplankton and ciliates and clearly demonstrated the relationships between protozoans and metazoan zooplankton to transfering the matter and energy in aquatic food webs.

L'activité de la phosphatase alcaline (APA) bactérienne et phytoplanctonique a été mesurée bimensuellement du mois de mars au mois de décembre 1998 au sein d'un réservoir mésotrophe situé dans une zone à climat semi-aride (Allal El Fassi, Maroc). Les résultats montrent que l'APA totale est importante (0,107-1,780 mmol PNP·l-1·h-1) et majoritairement d'origine bactérienne (> 60 %) au niveau de l'épilimnion, alors qu'elle est à dominance algale (> 58 %) dans le méta- et l'hypolimnion. L'absence de corrélation entre l'APA totale et les concentrations en orthophosphates suggère que l'hydrolyse par cette enzyme n'est pas significative dans le processus de régénération du phosphore dans ce réservoir. Par conséquent, l'APA ne pourrait pas être un indicateur fiable du déficit en phosphore dans le milieu., Bacterial and phytoplanktonic alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was measured from march to December 1998 in the mesotrophic Allal El Fassi reservoir located in the semi-arid zone (Morocco). The total APA varied between 0.107-1.780 mmol PNP·L-1·h-1. In epilimnion, the bacterioplankton contributed significantly (> 60%) to total APA. In the meta and hypolimnion, the APA was predominantly algal (> 58%). No correlation between APA and orthophosphates indicate that the hydrolysis by this enzyme was not a significant process in recycling of phosphorus in Allal El Fassi reservoir. Consequently, the APA was not a valid test of phosphorus deficiency.

Les variations verticales et saisonnieres de l'activite de la phosphatase alcaline (APA) des communautes microplanctoniques ont ete etudiees dans le lac reservoir mesotrophe Allai El Fassi, situe sur l'oued Sebou. Les echantillons ont ete collectes a differentes profondeurs au point le plus profond du lac, de mars a decembre 1998. Les resultats montrent que l'APA totale est exclusivement associee a la fraction de taille 0,22-100 μm dont les valeurs moyennes sont comprises entre 0,107 et 1,780 mmol PNP 1-1 h-1 . La fraction dissoute (< 0,22 μm) ne presente aucune activite liee a cette enzyme. Au niveau des couches superficielles, plus de 60 % de l'APA totale sont correles a la fraction de taille 0,22-0,65 μm a majorite bacterienne. Cependant, avec la profondeur, l'APA est plutot associee a la fraction de taille 0,65-100 μm a dominance phytoplanctonique (> 58 % de l'APA totale). Cette activite liee aux algues est significativement correlee avec la densite phytoplanctonique et avec les concentrations de la chlorophylle a. L'absence de correlation significative entre l'APA et les teneurs en phosphore total et orthophosphates suggere une independance entre l'APA et les orthophosphates.

Vitamin B12 deficiency should be suspected in all patients with unexplained anemia and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms, and special attention should be paid to patients at risk (the elderly, vegetarians, patients with autoimmune thyroiditis or vitiligo, patients receiving proton pump inhibitors or biguanides for prolonged periods). Documented symptomatic pancytopenia related to cobalamin deficiency is very rare representing less than 5% cases in different series. We aim to report an important series of pancytopenia related to cobalamin deficiency to analyze the clinical, biological and outcomes of those patients. Methods : Consecutive patients presented with B12 deficiency and pancytopenia were included. Charts were retrospectively reviewed from an internal medicine department during a period of 15 years (2000-2015). Diagnosis of cobalamine deficiency used the vitamin B12 dosage bellow 200 pg/ml. Assessment included clinical features, blood count and morphological review and a statistical analysis of those parameters comparing pancytopenic and non-pancytopenic patients. Results The medical records of 268 consecutive patients hospitalized for cobalamin deficiency from January 2000 to December 2015 were identified and retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 104 patients had pancytopenia (38.8%). The median age was 55+17 years and the sex ratio : 1. Pancytopenia revealed vitamin B12 deficiency in all cases. Neurological manifestations were associated in 13 cases and digestive involvement in 16 cases. Twenty five patients presented with febrile neutropenia. Fourteen patients (13.4%) presented with "pseudo" thrombotic microangiopathy. The mean hemoglobin level was 58+19 g/L, the neurtophils count was 1188+579/µl and median platelets count was 69.616+34.379/µl. Macrocytosis was present in 80.7% of patient with mean MCV was 106+11 fl, but was normal ( The causes of B12 vitamin deficiency were mainly food cobalamin malabsorption (63.4%) and pernicious anemia (28.8%). Correction of the hematological abnormalities was achieved in all patients treated with either intramuscular, subcutaneous or oral cyanocobalamin. Significant differences appears comparing patients with or without pancytopenia. Pancytopenic patients had significantly lower MCV mean (p=0.001), lower polynuclear neutrophils count and lower platelets count. Atrophic gastritis was also significantly associated with pancytopenia (p=0.005). There was no significant difference in mean haemoglobin level (p=0.3), serum cobalamin level (p=0.17). Looking at other variables that could explain the high prevalence of pancytopenia in our series, there were no difference in ferritinemia level or number of patients with of iron deficiency . Conclusion In this study, based a single institution with a large number of consecutive patients with well-documented cobalamin deficiency, we found a high prevalence (38,8%) of severe pancytopenia. We don't find yet an explanation for those findings. Those results can also remind us that severe vitamin B12 deficiency may present with findings mimicking malign hematologic disorder and timely recognition and supplementation lead to resolution of symptoms and blood abnormalities. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Imazethapyr herbicide [5-ethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) nicotinic acid] is widely used on agricultural field crops in Morocco. It is reported that soil properties largely enhance the sorption of the herbicide in soils, however understanding their impact in soils of Morocco is needed. The present article investigates the sorption behavior of imazethapyr herbicide toward six agricultural soils from Morocco in batch equilibrium experiments at pH 5 and evaluates the effect of the organic matter, the clay content, and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) on the sorption by applying simple and multiple linear regressions. Freundlich isotherm model described well the dynamic of imazethapyr sorption in all studied soils under the experimental conditions. The linear regressions showed significant differences between the soil properties and their impact on the sorption. While simple regression revealed strong positive correlations between the sorption and both the soil clay content ( R 2 = 0.91) and CEC ( R 2 = 0.92), the multiple regression revealed a noteworthy influence of soil organic matter when combined with clays. Our findings showed a weak adsorption of imazethapyr on the selected Moroccan soils, in addition to a potential role of clay minerals and CEC in the retention of the herbicide compared to the organic matter. The low adsorptive capacity of the Moroccan soils urges the necessity of minimizing herbicide application rates in agricultural regions to prevent environmental detrimental impacts.

The diel changes of the biochemical composition of the phytoplankton were studied in the Idriss first reservoir (located on the Inaouen river at thirty Km from the city of Fes, Morrocco) during September 1994. Several biomass and metabolic indicators (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, chlorophyll a and primary production) were assessed every fourth hour over tow days (7, 8 and 9 September). Since the Protein/Carbohydrates ratio (P/C) is largely recognised as a good integrator of the metabolic functions of the cells, we examined its distribution pattern concomitantly with aforementioned parameters. The results demonstrated enhanced P/C ratios clearly indicating that nutrients were sufficiently available for growth. In addition, this index showed a diel significant variation with levels higher in the night than in the day. Moreover, these results suggest that phytoplankton species during the night used the day-synthesised carbohydrates to insure the cell metabolic functioning. The P/C presents relatively high values in proposition to the ones that have been recorded in temperate regions, and seems to be related to azotic inputs of the Inaouen river.

By differential thermal analysis (DTA) and potentiometry, a part of the Ag–Bi–In ternary system (with 0

This paper aims to determine a system of linear oscillators for which the spectrum of its stationary response is close to the spectrum of a given non-linear oscillator. A set of linear oscillators is obtained by performing the spectral factorization followed by a first ARMA identification. The non-linear oscillator is then approximated by an appropriate linear combination of these oscillators. Examples of some non-linear oscillators are approximated by using the proposed procedure. The results obtained are in good similarity with data obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations.

We first review basic equations of plasmonics in anisotropic media. We recall the origin of Maxwell’s gradient index fisheye lens. We then apply tools of transformation optics to the design of a cyclic concentrator and a variety of plasmonic carpet-cloaks. We further give a brief account of the discovery of spoof plasmon polaritons (SfPPs) by Pendry et al (2004 Science 305 847–8) 150 years after Maxwell invented the fisheye lens. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate a concept of a fisheye lens for SfPPs at microwave frequencies. We stress that perfect metal surfaces perforated with dielectrics offer a playground for moulding surface waves in many areas of physics

International audience; The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of type-II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) in alveolar space and its possible role in the destruction of surfactant in three rat models of acute lung injury. Alveolar instillation of either lipopolysaccaride or live Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in a significant increase in lung oedema and in a decrease in static compliance of the respiratory system together with alveolar-neutrophil influx as compared with healthy control rats. The upregulation of messenger ribonucleic acid and sPLA2-IIA by the lung was evident. This was associated with surfactant degradation and a decrease in large:small ratio of surfactant aggregates in bacteria-instilled rats. A negative correlation between compliance and sPLA2-IIA activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was shown. By contrast, during alpha naphthylthiourea-induced injury, neither alveolar-neutrophil influx nor increase in sPLA2-IIA activity was observed. Additional experiments in rats treated with a specific inhibitor of type-II secretory phospholipase A2 activity (3 acetamine-1-benzyl-2 ethylindolyl-5 oxy; propane phosphonic acid (LY311727)) demonstrated no improvement in physiological parameters despite a biochemical effect, suggesting that its activity is only one of the multiple factors involved in the pathophysiology of lung injury.

L'abondance des communautés bactériennes et phytoplanctoniques et l'activité bactérivore des phytoflagellés ont été mesurées à différentes profondeurs de mars à décembre 1998, dans une retenue de barrage (Allal El Fassi, Maroc). L'abondance des communautés bactériennes, essentiellement constituées de cellules libres de forme sphérique, a fluctué de 1,0 à 9,8·106 cellules·mL-1. À toutes les profondeurs, les plus fortes valeurs ont été mesurées au printemps, avec la mise en place de la stratification thermique et le développement de la diatomée centrique Cyclotella oceallata. Le nombre de bactéries baisse de manière notable en été et augmente légèrement au cours de l'automne, alors que deux Chrysophycées (Dinobryon sertularia et D. cylindricum) dominaient la communauté algale, accompagnées de deux Dinophycées (Peridinium cinctum et Ceratium hirundinella) et d'une Cryptophycée (Cryptomonas ovata). À l'aide d'expériences de broutage utilisant un traceur bactérien, nous avons pu mesurer une activité bactérivore chez les cinq espèces d'algues citées. L'impact de la prédation de l'ensemble de cette communauté de phytoflagellés mixotrophes a varié de 1,2 à 357·104·bactéries·L-1 ·h-1, 81 % de cet impact étant lié à l'activité des deux Chrysophycées, contre seulement 12 % pour les deux Dinophycées et 7 % pour la Cryptophycée. L'ensemble des résultats acquis au cours de cette étude laissent donc supposer que le rôle des phytoflagellés mixotrophes est essentiel dans le fonctionnement du réseau trophique microbien du réservoir Allal El Fassi, notamment dans la régulation des peuplements bactériens se développant en automne., The numerical abundances of bacterial and phytoplanktonic cells and the bacterivorous activity from phytoflagellates were measured at different depths from march to December 1998 in the Allal El Fassi Reservoir (Morocco). Bacterial community was dominated by free-living spherical cells. Their abundance fluctuated from 1.0 to 9.8·106 cells·mL-1, with the highest values occuring in spring, coinciding with the beginning of the thermal stratification and the bloom of the centric diatom Cyclotella oceallata. Bacterial number then decreased drastically in summer and increased slightly in autumn, when two chrysophytes (Dinobryon sertularia and D. cylindricum) dominated the algal community, accompagnied by two dinoflagellates (Peridinium cinctum and Ceratium hirundinella) and by the cryptophyte Cryptomonas ovata. Grazing experiments using bacterial tracers indicated that these five algal species were exhibiting a bacterivorous activity. The impact of predation from these mixotrophic community varied from 1.2 to 357·104·bacteria·L-1·h-1, about 81% of the impact being related to the activity of the two chrysophytes, vs 12% for the two dinoflagellates and 7% for the cryptophyte. We conclude that mixotrophic phytoflagellates play a significant role in the functioning of the microbial food web in the Allal El Fassi Reservoir, primarily by controlling the bacterial development in autumn.

As a means of identifying damage recognition proteins involved in repair of nitrogen mustard lesions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, we performed Southwestern analysis using a probe damaged with melphalan and protein extracts from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. We detected proteins with molecular weights of 116,000, 66,000, and 64,000 which bound the damaged probe with a higher specificity than the undamaged probe. The M(r) 66,000 and 64,000 proteins were determined to be degradation products of the M(r) 116,000 protein. The M(r) 116,000 protein was identified as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The use of methoxyamine, an inhibitor of DNA strand breakage following depurination, significantly reduced binding of the melphalan damaged probe to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Following depletion of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase from the cell extracts, no other binding activity was discovered. Thus, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is the only demonstrable protein in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells which can bind to a DNA probe damaged with melphalan.

Au Maroc, plusieurs retenues de barrages connaissent des problèmes de la dégradation de leur qualité d'eau due essentiellement aux différentes sources de pollution. L'une des conséquences de cette situation est l'enrichissement de l'eau par les nutriments (N et P) indicateur d'un état avancé de l'eutrophisation. Ce phénomène provoque un déséquilibre de l'écosystème avec un développement anarchique d'algues et une consommation intense de l'oxygène au fond des lacs.La Direction de la Recherche et de la Planification de l'Eau a conduit depuis la fin des années 80 un programme de surveillance de la qualité des eaux des retenues de barrage dans le but de proposer des solutions pour réduire ses conséquences.Le présent travail consiste à présenter les résultats de l'eutrophisation des eaux de deux retenues de barrages : Smir située au Nord du Maroc qui sert à alimenter la zone côtière entre Tétouan et Sebta en eau potable, et Sahla située au Nord-Est du Maroc qui sert à alimenter la ville de Taounate en eau potable et protéger la grande retenue Al Wahda contre l'envasement et l'eutrophisation.Les résultats concernent l'exploitation des données physico-chimiques et biologiques selon un profil vertical de profondeur. Entre 1993 et 1998 pour Smir et entre 1996 et 1998 pour Sahla.Les paramètres physico-chimiques, transparence et phosphore total ne semblent pas être de bons descripteurs de la qualité des eaux de ces retenues se trouvant dans les zones semi-arides du fait de l'importance de la charge solide particulaire non bio-disponible pour le phytoplancton. Par contre la concentration en chlorophylle a semble être représentative du niveau trophique puisqu'elle donne une idée réelle du développement algale.Un état trophique des deux lacs réservoirs est dressé, et une comparaison de la qualité des eaux est faite en tenant compte des différentes mesures prises par le gestionnaire de la ressource en eau pour atténuer le phénomène de l'eutrophisation., In Morocco, many reservoirs have known water quality problems due to the different pollution sources to which they are subjected. One of the consequences of this situation is the enrichment of the water by nutrients (such as phosphorus and nitrogen), leading to eutrophication. This phenomenon causes ecological imbalance with an excessive development of algae and a high oxygen demand in the bottom of lakes.Since the end of the 1980s, the Directorate of Water Research and Planning has been conducting a water quality monitoring program in reservoirs to understand the eutrophication phenomenon and to suggest solutions in order to reduce its possible impacts.In this paper we present the results of a case study of eutrophication in two reservoir lakes: the Smir reservoir, located in northern Morocco with a capacity of approximately 43 million m3, and the Sahla reservoir, located in north-eastern Morocco with a capacity of approximately 62 millions m3. The Smir reservoir is used to supply potable water for the northern coastal region, whereas the Sahla reservoir supplies potable water to the city of Taounate and as well protects the reservoir Lake Al Wahda.The results comprise a data set for a special experimental water quality monitoring program intended to monitor the evolution of physical, chemical and biological parameters along a vertical profile at the deepest point of the reservoirs. Samples were collected from 1993 to 1998 for Smir, and from 1996 to 1998 for Sahla.The physical-chemical, transparency and total phosphorus parameters do not appear to reflect the trophic status for these reservoir lakes located in the hot regions of semiarid areas. Indeed the solid particles were not bio-available for phytoplankton. However the chlorophyll concentration appears to be representative and indicative of increases in algal growth. The trophic state of the two reservoir lakes was addressed and a comparison of water quality was carried out in relation to different considered measurements.

Le présent travail porte sur l'étude du régime alimentaire de deux souches de truites arc-en-ciel : la souche marocaine issue de croisements de truites arc-en-ciel en provenance d'Europe et d'Amérique du nord et la souche bulgare introduite au Maroc en 1987. Les milieux d'étude sont deux plans d'eau du Moyen-Atlas marocain (Amghass I et Amghass II) présentant des eaux de bonne qualité physique et chimique et une diversité biologique (invertébrés) assez importante. Afin de déterminer les préférences alimentaires de ces deux souches nous avons évalué : le spectre alimentaire, déterminé par les abondances relatives, les coefficients d'occurrence des proies ingérées, l'indice alimentaire de Lauzanne pour les différentes catégories de proies et l'intensité de prédation des truites.Les résultats ont montré une similitude au niveau des régimes alimentaires des deux souches caractérisés par une nette préférence pour les larves et nymphes d'Insectes considérées comme proies essentielles., This current work is about the study of the dietary regime of two species of rainbow trout. The Moroccan kind is a cross breed of the European and North American Rainbow trout and the Bulgarian trout introduced into Morocco since 1987.The environments of study are two stretches of water in the "Moyen-Atlas" (Amghass I and Amghass II), which present water of good physical and chemical quality and are of quite important biological diversity.To determine the dietary preferences of the two species, we evaluated several parameters: the dietary spectrum which is determined by the relative abundance and the coefficient of occurence of ingested prey, the index alimentary of Lauzanne for the different categories of prey and how predatory the trout areThe results have shown a similarity in the level of dietary regimes of the two populations outlined by a clear preference for larvae and nymph insects which are considered to be essential prey.

WOS: 000459072300001, The inhibition efficiency of three substituted phenyltetrazole compounds, namely 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-tetrazole (Cl-PT), 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-tetrazole (MO-PT), and 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole (PT), for mild steel corrosion in 5.0 M HCl solution was investigated using weight loss measurements and electrochemical study. It is showed that these compounds are good inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in 5.0 M HCl solution which act as cathodic type inhibitors. So, the inhibition efficiency was increased with inhibitor concentration in the order of Cl-PT > MO-PT > PT which depended on their molecular structures. It is found also that these compounds toke its performance at different temperatures range from 298 to 328 K. In addition, the thermodynamic adsorption parameters at different concentrations were investigated and discussed. Finally, it is seen that the inhibition efficiency of the studied compounds increased with immersion time to reach a maximum at 12 h.