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Background: African American (AA) women have higher incidence of aggressive, young-onset (Methods: We examined tumor characteristics and breast cancer risk factors associated with premenopausal young (Results: Premenopausal AA women Conclusions: Among premenopausal AA women, diagnosis before age 40 is associated with more aggressive breast tumor biology and some etiologic differences.Impact: Modifiable risk factors including breastfeeding, adiposity, and oral contraceptive use may be important targets for mitigating harms of young-onset breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(12); 1722–9. ©2017 AACR.

List of Disease and Phenotype Associations used to Generate list of GWAS genes used to prioritize immune pathways

Description of Study Populations in AMBER Consortium

Immune-related genes found to be associated with breast cancer in AMBER

Case-control ORs of breast cancer risk factors by ER status among young (

Background: Constitutional immunity shaped by exposure to endemic infectious diseases and parasitic worms in Sub-Saharan Africa may play a role in the etiology of breast cancer among African American (AA) women.Methods: A total of 149,514 gene variants in 433 genes across 45 immune pathways were analyzed in the AMBER consortium among 3,663 breast cancer cases and 4,687 controls. Gene-based pathway analyses were conducted using the adaptive rank truncated product statistic for overall breast cancer risk, and risk by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for single variants.Results: The top pathways were Interleukin binding (P = 0.01), Biocarta TNFR2 (P = 0.005), and positive regulation of cytokine production (P = 0.024) for overall, ER+, and ER− cancers, respectively. The most significant gene was IL2RB (P = 0.001) for overall cancer, with rs228952 being the top variant identified (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79–0.92). Only BCL3 contained a significant variant for ER+ breast cancer. Variants in IL2RB, TLR6, IL8, PRKDC, and MAP3K1 were associated with ER− disease. The only genes showing heterogeneity between ER− and ER+ cancers were TRAF1, MAP3K1, and MAPK3 (P ≤ 0.02). We also noted genes associated with autoimmune and atopic disorders.Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that genetic variants in immune pathways are relevant to breast cancer susceptibility among AA women, both for ER+ and ER− breast cancers.Impact: Results from this study extend our understanding of how inherited genetic variation in immune pathways is relevant to breast cancer susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 321–30. ©2018 AACR.

determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride in combination with other amine-type drugs. The mixture is placed on a sodium borate-Celite column and the nonphenolic amines are removed with chloroform. The phenylephrine remaining on the column is acetylated and removed with a chloroform wash. The acetylated phenylephrine is then saponified with alcoholic KOH and determined spectrophotometrically against standard phenylephrine at about 290 mμ. Recoveries averaged 98.5% with a range of 93.3–101.7%. Mean deviation from the average was 1.8%. The method was adopted as official, first action.

The technique of sweep co-distillation developed for organophosphate pesticides in fruits and vegetables was expanded for application to organophosphate and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in edible oils. A modified longer and wider Storherr tube and heating assembly was used in this work and 3 mm diameter glass beads replaced the glass wool packing used in crop work. The work on oils was performed at 248 ± 3°C with a nitrogen flow of 600 ml/min and injection of a sweeping solvent every 3 minutes for 30 minutes. Phosphate pesticides were analyzed by GLC with a potassium thermionic detector and chlorinated pesticides were determined by ECGLC, after a micro Florisil column was used to eliminate extraneous peaks. Recoveries of ten phosphate pesticides from nine edible oils ranged from 74 to 100% at fortification levels of 0.04 to 6.25 ppm; average recoveries for the individual pesticides were 90—99%. Average recoveries for the chlorinated pesticides ranged from a low of 75% for Tedion to a high of 98% for endrin and dieldrin. Sensitivity of 0.01 is readily obtainable for compounds such as parathion and heptachlor cpoxide. The sweep co-distillation method is suitable for the rapid determination of the 14 chlorinated and 10 organophosphate pesticides tested in edible oils

Fish fillets and eggs were ground and blended to obtain a uniform fish mush. Two different methods were used to dry the samples; both were effective. Samples were combusted in a Schoniger flask, and mercury levels were measured using cold vapor atomic absorption. Comparison checking indicated that the procedure is applicable to a wide variety of materials, and can probably be used on any material that can be burned. 2 tables.