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The Dinaric Karst is a global hotspot for subterranean diversity, with two distinct peaks of species richness in the northwest and southeast, and an area of a lower species richness in the central part. In this article, we present a species list and describe the ecological conditions of the Lukina jama–Trojama cave system, located in the central part of the Dinaric Karst. This cave system is the deepest and one of the most logistically challenging cave systems sampled so far in the Dinaric Karst. Repeated sampling resulted in a list of 45 species, including 25 troglobionts, 3 troglophiles, 16 stygobionts, and 1 stygophile. Most of the recorded species are endemic to the Velebit Mountain, while three species are endemic to the Lukina jama–Trojama cave system. Within the system, species richness peaks in the deepest third of the cave, most likely reflecting the harsh ecological conditions in the upper parts, including ice, cold winds, and occasional waterfalls. Milder and more stable deeper parts of the cave contain a rich subterranean species community, part of which is associated with two very distinct aquatic habitats, the cave hygropetric and the phreatic zone. The newly recognized hotspot of subterranean biodiversity in the central Dinaric Karst, which has emerged between the two known centers of biodiversity, further highlights the species richness in large cave systems, but also challenges the diversity patterns in the Dinaric Karst overall.

Many aspects of the biology of cave animals cannot be understood simply by in situ observations. This is especially true for comparative evolutionary and developmental studies. For example, for studying physiological and behavioral adaptations or the role of phenotypic plasticity in the evolution of adaptations, animals must be kept under controlled laboratory conditions. For this reason, we have established an animal facility in our laboratory where we plan to culture cave species from different taxonomic groups and their close surface relatives. The available literature to help us design the facility and care for the animals in the initial stages was sparse. Fortunately, many colleagues in cave biology contributed with advice and assistance. Here we report our findings to provide some guidelines for other researchers in similar endeavors. We will briefly discuss good and bad practices related to animal care - housing, water treatment, small terrarium design, different types of food, and breeding. We will also address general protocols necessary for keeping different species closely together - decontamination of equipment and tools and quarantine. To date, we have successfully established breeding colonies of four different cave/surface species pairs and several others have survived in our facility for many months, if not years, including planarians, crustaceans, and mollusks.

Purpose: Randomized controlled clinical trials are driven by time-given protocols defined by strict exclusion and inclusion criteria. As a result, clinical trials provide the best possible outcomes regarding the efficacy and safety of investigational medical products. Nonetheless, the implementation of protocols suggested by clinical trials has been shown as non-pragmatic into standard treatment care. Not following the protocols recommended by clinical trials in our standard routine treatment care does not provide the benefits of therapy as clinical trials suggest. Therefore, we wanted to investigate whether our proposed treatment protocols with diabetic macular oedema, designed for standard treatment of care, may achieve non-inferior results compared to clinical trials where the non-inferiority was defined by a difference in the vision of up to 10 ETDRS letters. Methods: Manuscripts amalgamated in this doctoral thesis involved patients with fovea-involving macular oedema who were eligible for treatment with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. All patients applied met the National Institute of Care and Excellence (NICE) criteria for treatment (center-involving diabetic macular oedema ³ 400 microns) and with baseline visual acuity (VA) equal to or less than 80 ETDRS letters. All patients were treated in Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, in London, UK. The primary cohort of interest (treatment-naive cohort) involved 89 patients (99 eyes) who were treatment-naive and funded for intravitreal aflibercept injections. We analyzed primary, secondary and tertiary outcomes in short and long terms. In addition, we wanted to see whether those patients who had started treatment on a different anti-VEGF agent (ranibizumab as another licensed anti-VEGF product in the United Kingdom) and didn't respond well to the initiated treatment may benefit from switching to intravitreal aflibercept injections, which may have more potent effect as per available pharmacokinetic data. Therefore, we formed a second cohort that involved 67 switched patients (90 eyes) who had started treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab and were switched to intravitreal aflibercept. In both cohorts, the primary outcomes were visual acuity (VA), central foveal thickness (CFT), and macular volume (MV) 12 months after treatment was commenced/after switching off a drug. The analysis of the same primary outcomes was performed for the treatment-naive cohort 36 months after initiating treatment. Then, we calculated the percentage of eyes that achieved visual acuity gain of ³ 15 ETDRS letters and the percentage of eyes that achieved improvement in CFT for 100 microns or more at the end of year 1 and year 3. As tertiary outcomes, we made a subgroup analysis according to the baseline VA (< 69 ETDRS letters or ³ 69 ETDRS letters). For switched cohorts, we analysed whether the time of switching plays a role in overall results. Results The mixed ANOVA analysis showed no statistically significant difference in baseline variables and 12-month outcomes between short- and long-term followed treatment naïve patients and switched patients. The mean change in vision after three years of initiation of treatment with intravitreal aflibercept injections was +6.89 EDTRS letters, while improvement in CFT and MV during the same time was -140 microns and – 1.38 mm3, respectively. At the end of follow-up of 36 months, 25% of patients improved vision for three or more ETDRS lines (15 letters or more). Just more than 50% of patients had improvement in central foveal thickness for 100 microns or more. Fifty-eight percent of eyes of the primary cohort had baseline visual acuity less than 69 ETDRS letters. The mean change in visual acuity in the subgroup with baseline VA less than 69 letters was +11.27 ETDRS letters (p < 0.0001). Forty-two percent of eyes from the primary cohort had baseline visual acuity ³ 69 ETDRS letters). The mean change in the visual acuity after 36 months in that subgroup was + 0.88 ETDRS letters (p = 0.6041). We sub-divided the switched eyes into two subgroups according to the duration of time between the ranibizumab being discontinued and the aflibercept commencing; 53 eyes were switched with an interval of fewer than three months after the last injection of ranibizumab, and 37 eyes were switched after three months or more had elapsed. There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes ( p > 0.05) between those subgroups. Conclusion Our short and long-term results of visual acuity and anatomical outcomes in patients with sight-impairing, center-involving diabetic macular oedema treated with intravitreal aflibercept showed a significant improvement in vision, comparable with results suggested by landmark clinical trials. Furthermore, our results were non-inferior when compared to landmark clinical trials related to the safety and efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept in the treatment of DMO (VIVID, VISTA, and Protocol T). Our subgroup analysis based on baseline visual acuity proved the importance of starting treatment when visual acuity is initially better. We achieved stable vision over three years of follow-up in those whose baseline visual acuity was 69 ETRDS letters or better (up to 80 ETDRS letters). Those patients kept their good vision which meets driving criteria. Our results are the first published results from the real world, which show the importance of planning the treatment guided by baseline vision, which was first indicated in the Protocol T study. Regarding the results in our switched cohort, we showed that switching from intravitreal ranibizumab to intravitreal aflibercept has a rationale for speeding up the visual recovery and improving the anatomical outcomes in everyday life offer patients sooner improvement and better functioning by using their vision. We proved that time of switching does not play a role in primary outcomes (VA, CFT, MV), which may indicate that indeed the reason for clinical improvement in our switched cohort relies on the mechanism and pharmacokinetics of the aflibercept molecule., Svrha: Randomizirane kliničke studije su vođene striktno vremenski određenim protokolima koji su definirani isključujućim kriterijima. To rezultira činjenicom da kliničke studije prikazuju najbolje moguće rezultate medicinskih proizvoda, koji su u fazi istraživanja. Ipak, protokoli koje predlažu randomizirane kliničke studije nepragmatičnim u standarnoj kliničkoj praksi. Ukoliko se protokoli koje predlažu randomizirane kliničke dovesti do suboptimalnih rezultata liječenja. Stoga, htjeli smo istražiti može li naš protokol za liječenje dizajniran za potrebe standardne kliničke prakse, postići neinferiorne rezultate u komparaciji sa kliničkim neinferiornost definirana razlikom u vidnoj oštrini do 10 ETDRS slova. Metodologija: Publikacije objedinjene u ovu doktorsku dizertaciju uključuju pacijente sa makularnim edemom koji zahvaća kriterije za liječenje intravitrealnim anti-VEGF injekcijama. Svi pacijenti zadovoljavaju kriterije za liječenje 400 microna) prema uputi National Insititute of Care and Excellence (NICE) i sa bazičnom vidnom oštrinom od 80 ETDRS slova. Svi pacijenti su liječeni u Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, u Londonu, Kohorta pacijenata od primarnog interesa (tretman-naivna) uključivala je 89 pacijenata (99 očiju) koji terapiju i kojima je trošak liječenja intravitrealnim injekcijama bio odobren. Analizirali smo kratkoročno sekundarne i tercijarne rezultate. Zatim, željeli smo vidjeti jeli pacijenti koji su započeli liječenje drugim je drugi licencirani anti-VEGF lijek u Ujedinjenoj Kraljevini), a koji nisu odgovorili dobro na inicijalnu terapiju, zamjene na injekcije intravitrealnog aflibercepta. Intravitrealni aflibercept bi trebao imati bolju efikasnost informacija o farmakokinetici. Stoga, formirali smo drugu kohortu pacijenata koja je uključivala 67 pacijenata primarno započeli tretmant intravitrealnim ranibizumabom, a zatim je liječenje zamijenjeno intravitrealnim U obje kohorte, primarni ishod su bili vidna oštrina (VO), centralna fovealna debljina (CFD), te makularni nakon započetog liječenja, odnosno nakon zamjene lijeka. Analiza primarnih rezultata je također napravljena kohortu pacijenata 36 mjeseci nakon započetog liječenja. Zatim, izračunali smo postotak onih očiju koje oštrine za ³ 15 ETDRS slova te poboljšanje CFD za 100 mikrona ili više na kraju prve i treće godine. Kao smo podgrupnu analizu na temelju početne vidne oštrine (< 69 ETDRS slova ili ³ 69 ETDRS slova). Za zamijenili lijek, napravili smo analizu ima li vrijeme promjene lijeka efekt na konačan ishod liječenja. Rezultati Miješana ANOVA analiza pokazala je da nema statistički signifikantne razlike u bazičnim varijablama te između pacijenata koji su analizirani u kratkoročnoj ili dugoročnoj analizi te pacijenata kod kojih je zamijenjena promjena u vidnoj oštrini tri godine nakon početka liječenja sa intravitrealnim aflibercept injekcijama je poboljšanje u CFD i MV tokom istoga razdoblja bila -140 mikrona i -1.38 mm3. Na kraju perioda praćenja od 36 mjeseci, 25% pacijenata je imalo poboljšanje vida za tri ili više ETDRS više od 50% pacijenata je imalo poboljšanje centralne fovealne debljine za 100 mikrona ili više. Pedeset i osam posto očiju u primarnoj kohorti je imalo početnu vidnu oštrinu manju od 69 ETDRS slova. oštrine u podgrupi sa početnom VO manjom od 69 slova je bila +11.27 ETDRS slova (p < 0.0001). Četrdeset kohorte je imalo početnu vidnu oštrinu ³ 69 ETDRS letters. Srednja promjena vidne oštrine nakon 36 mjeseci 0.88 ETDRS slova (p = 0.6041). One oči kod kojih je došlo do zamjene terapije podijelili smo na temelju vremenskog razmaka između zadnje početka liječenja sa intravitrealnim afliberceptom; kod 53 očiju vremenski interval je bio kraći od tri mjeseca ranibizumaba, dok je kod 37 očiju taj vremenski razmak bio tri mjeseca ili dulji. Analiza je pokazala da kod statistički signifikantna razlika u ovim podgrupama ( p > 0.05). Zaključak Naši kratkoročni i dugoročni rezultati vidne oštrine te anatomskih promjena kod pacijenata sa prijetećim dijabetičkim makularnim edemom liječenim intravitrealnim afliberceptom su pokazali signifikatno poboljšanje rezultatima značajnih randomiziranih kliničkih studija. Nadalje, naši rezultati su bili neinferiorni uspoređujući ih sa sigurnošću i efikasnošću intravitrealnog aflibercepta koje indiciraju značajne kliničke studije (VIVID, VISTA, Protokol T). Naša podgrupna analiza bazirana dokazala je značaj početka liječenja kada je vidna oštrina bolja. Postigli smo stabilan vid tokom tri godine je vidna oštrina bila 69 ETDRS slova ili bolja (do 80 ETDRS slova). Ti pacijenti su zadržali vidnu oštrinu koja upravljanje motornim vozilom. Naši rezultati su prvi publicirani rezultati iz realne kliničke prakse, koji pokazuju značaj planiranja liječenja oštrini, što su primarno indicirali rezultati Protokol T studije. Promatrajući naše rezultate kod kohorte pacijenata kod kojih smo zamijenili lijek, pokazali smo da zamjena ranibizumaba sa intravitrealnim afliberceptom ima smisla u ubrzanju oporavka vida i poboljšanja anatomskih svakodnevnoj praksi, dajući pacijentima brži oporavak i generalno bolje funkcioniranje koristeći svoj vid. zamjene lijeka ne igra ulogu u primarnim rezultatima (VO. CFD, MV), što može indicirati da razlog poboljšanja u mehanizmu te farmakokinetskim karakteristikama molekule aflibercepta.

We explored evolutionary pathways and diversification in subterranean environments using the collembolan cave genus Verhoeffiella (formerly a subgenus of Heteromurus) as a study model. We conducted thorough morphological analyses of Verhoeffiella, tested the monophyly of the genus, explored its relationship with putative surface relative Heteromurus nitidus, and its temporal patterns of molecular diversification. The basis of the study were 411 individuals collected from 105 sites, throughout the Verhoeffiella distributional range (Iberian Peninsula, the Alps, Dinarides). We have set up a morphological framework for describing species of Verhoeffiella and found new taxonomically relevant diagnostic characters. Based on our work, the number of described species rose from 9 to 14 species. Molecular phylogeny showed that the genera Verhoeffiella and Heteromurus form a clade nested within Heteromurinae. Within the clade, both Verhoeffiella and Heteromurus were not monophyletic, implicating the need for taxonomic re-arrangements at the generic level of Heteromurinae. Molecular species delimitation methods disclosed remarkable diversification of Verhoeffiella within Dinarides, where a complex geographical pattern of five Verhoeffiella lineages resulted in a high number of co‐occurring molecular operational taxonomic units. Divergence time estimation showed two boosts of diversification, one linked to the Messinian salinity crisis and the other to Pleistocene climatic oscillations. The discovery of extensive subterranean diversification of Verhoeffiella and its closely related epigean relative Heteromurus nitidus makes Verhoeffiella a model of utmost interest within the subterranean fauna of temperate areas, where the phylogenetic origin of most troglobiotic taxa remain poorly known. Raziskovali smo evolucijske poti in diverzifikacijo v podzemnih habitatih, pri čemer smo za študijski model uporabili podzemni rod skakačev Verhoeffiella (prej podrod rodu Heteromurus). Naredili smo podrobno morfološko študijo rodu Verhoeffiella, testirali monofilijo rodu, raziskali njegov odnos z domnevnim površinskim sorodnikom Heteromurus nitidus, in časovne vzorce molekulske diverzifikacije. Osnova študije je bil nabor 411 osebkov, ki so bili nabrani na 105 lokalitetah po območju razširjenosti rodu Verhoeffiella (Iberski polotok, Alpe, Dinaridi). Pripravili smo morfološki okvir za opisovanje vrst Verhoeffiella in našli nove razločevalne znake. Na podlagi našega dela je število opisanih vrst naraslo z 9 na 14 vrst. Molekulska filogenija je pokazala, da tvorita rodova Verhoeffiella in Heteromurus klad znotraj Heteromurinae. Znotraj klada pa noben od teh dveh rodov ni monofiletski, ki naazujejo da bodo potrebne taksonomske spremembe na rodovnem nivoju znotraj Heteromurinae. Molekulska delimitacija vrst je razkrila izjemno diverzifikacijo rodu Verhoeffiella znotraj Dinaridov, kjer se je pokazal kompleksen geografski vzorec petih linij z velikim številom sopojavljajočih se molekulskih operacijskih taksonomskih enot. Ocena časovne divergence je pokazala dva vrhova diverzifikacije, enega povezanega z Mesinijsko slanostno krizo, drugega pa s pleistocenskimi klimatskimi nihanji. Odkritje obsežne podzemne diverzifikacije rodu Verhoeffiella in bližnjega površinskega sorodnika Heteromurus nitidus postavlja rod Verhoeffiella na posebno zanimivo mesto znotraj podzemne favne zmernih klimatov, kjer je filogenetski izvor številnih troglobiotskih taksonov slabo poznan.

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) grandii Silvestri, 1933 Plusiocampa grandii Silvestri, 1933b: 1, figs i–ii. Diagnosis (Silvestri 1933b; Condé 1954a) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 33–38 antennomeres. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; abundant clothing setae. Three ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws (1.25) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergites I–II with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 1+1 la, 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 2+2 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 6+6, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male unknown; female with subcylindrical appendages bearing glandular a 1 setae., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1933 a. Nuovi contributi alla conoscenza della fauna delle isole italiane dell'Egeo. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria in Portici 27: 61 - 111.","Silvestri F. 1933 b. Descrizione di una nuova specie cavernicola di Campodeidae (Thysanura Entothropha) del Trentino. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria de Bologna 6: 1 - 4.","Conde B. 1954 a. Ordnung: Entotropha (Diplura). In: Franz H. (ed.) Der Nordost im Spiegel ihrer Landtierwelt: 644 - 649. Universitatsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck, Austria."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) gadorensis Sendra, 2001 Plusiocampa gadorensis Sendra, 2001: 73, figs 1–4, tables i–ii. Diagnosis (Sendra 2001) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 46–52 antennomeres; 15–18 complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; small protruding frontal process with a few slightly tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2–3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 (2+3) lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 (2+3) lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; short notal clothing setae. Two or three ventral tibial macrosetae; slightly unequal claws (1.15) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with no backward overhang. Urotergite II with 0+0–1+1 (0+1) post macrosetae; urotergite III with 0+0–1+1 la, 1+1–2+2 (0+1) post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 (1+2) la, 3+3– 4+4 (4+5) post macrosetae; urotergite V with 1+1 (1+2) la, 4+4–5+5 (4+5) post macrosetae; urotergite VI with 1+1 (1+2) la, 5+5 (4+5) post macrosetae; urotergite VII with 1+1 la, 5+5 (4+5) post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 (6+5) post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7–8+8 (8+9), urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with an area of glandular g 1 setae, subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female and male appendages identical. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species endemic to the isolated karst of Sierra de Gádor, in the Peni-Baetic System, southeastern Iberian Peninsula. It is known from seven natural caves and one mine., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Sendra A. 2001. Dipluros campodeidos (Diplura: Campodeidae) de las grutas almerienses (Almeria, Espana). Zoologica Baetica 12: 71 - 82."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) sardiniana Condé, 1981 Plusiocampa sardiniana Condé, 1981b: 593, fig. 1b. Plusiocampa provincialis ? – Condé 1953: 36. Diagnosis (Condé 1953 b, 1981 b, 1983) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 33–38 antennomeres; protruding frontal process with tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae; slightly unequal claws (1.15) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 (0+1) la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 1+1 (1+2) la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VI with 2+2 (1+2) la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VII with 2+2–3+3 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; thick clothing setae on abdominal segments IX–X; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male without glandular g 1 setae or glandular a 2 setae, with the exception of 1+ 1 g 1 and 2–3 a 2 in one specimen; female with subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found only in the San Giovanni Caves, Sardinia., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 79, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1981 a. Description d'un Campodeide enigmatique de Sardaigne (Insecta: Diplura). Revue suisse de Zoologie 88 (1): 95 - 99. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41323335 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019].","Conde B. 1981 b. Un nouveau Plusiocampa troglobie du massif de la Sainte-Baume (Diploures Campodeides). Revue suisse de Zoologie 88 (3): 589 - 594. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41337647 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019].","Conde B. 1953 a. Diagnoses de nouvelles Campodeides Corses. Bulletin du Museum d'histoire naturelle, 2 ° serie 25: 562 - 567.","Conde B. 1953 b. Campodeides de la grotte de San Giovanni (Sardaigne). Notes biospeologiques 8: 33 - 37.","Conde B. 1983. Le genre Plusiocampa dans les grottes sardes (Diploures Campodeides). Revue suisse de Zoologie 90 (4): 899 - 905. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41311753 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) dallai Bareth & Condé, 1984 Plusiocampa dallai Bareth & Condé, 1984: 138, fig. 3. Diagnosis (Bareth & Condé 1984) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 32 antennomeres; 8 complex olfactory chemoreceptors with an atypical multi-sheet shape in cupuliform organ; protruding frontal process with tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; thin, barbed notal clothing setae. Three ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws (1.25) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 2+2 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male unknown, female with subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species only known from Grotta di Montenero, in the Gargano Promontory part of the Apulia Carbonate Platform, Italian Peninsula., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Bareth C. & Conde B. 1984. Nouveaux Plusiocampa cavernicoles d'Italie continentale (Diplura Campodeidae). Bollettino della Societa entomologica italiana 116 (8 - 10): 132 - 147."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) suspiciosa Condé & Mathieu, 1957 Plusiocampa suspiciosa Condé & Mathieu, 1957: 467, fig. xi, 45–52. Diagnosis (Condé & Mathieu 1957) Non-troglomorphic species. Antennae with 20–21 antennomeres; four olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; non-protruding frontal process with non-tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3–2+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; sparse smooth notal clothing setae. Two or three ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal small claws with small lateral crests, posterior claw with no backward overhang. Urotergites I–II with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergites IV with 2+2 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 3+3 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male unknown; female with subcylindrical to conical appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution The locatity of this species is still not clear, as a label confusion may have occurred between two localities, one endogean habitat in France (Tarn-et-Garonne, La Capelle-Livran, Caylus) and a small cave in Sicily (Scaletta Zanclea, south of Messina).

Patrizicampa sardoa Condé, 1962 Figs 1–2 Patrizicampa sardoa Condé, 1962: 199, figs a–b. Diagnosis (Condé 1962) Troglomorphic species. Cupuliform organ with 10–14 complex olfactory chemoreceptors. Protruding frontal process with non-tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; long clothing setae covered with thin barbs. Subequal elbow-like claws (1.1) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergite III with 1+1 la, 0+0–1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 2+2 la, 1+1–3+3 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 2+2–3+3 la, 2+2–4+4 post macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 3+3 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8–8+9 post macrosetae. Urosternite I with 15+15– 16+16, urosternites II–VII with 7+7–8+8, urosternite VIII with 3+3 macrosetae. Male without glandular g 1 setae, slightly subtrapezoidal appendages with glandular a 1 and a 2 setae; females with subcylindrical appendages and an apical area with glandular a 1 setae. Remarks (Figs 1–2) The study of many specimens collected in 6 new caves (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) allowed us to complete Condé’s diagnosis, as well as to supplement it with some minor taxonomic details. Medial antennomeres with 10–12 gouge sensilla 40–50 µm long. End of metathoracic leg reaches end of abdomen; calcars covered with barbs; subapical setae with thin barbs almost from base up to twothirds of length. Stylus with an apical seta with a few thin barbs and a large, thick basal tooth, medial and subapical setae covered with thin barbs. Male appendages with up to 60 glandular a 2 setae and 20 a 1 glandular setae (Fig. 1); female appendages with up to 18 a 1 glandular setae. Spermatozoid fascicle wheels with 2 turns of 140–160 µm long and up to 4 µm wide filament (Fig. 2). Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in eight caves in eastern Sardinia (Fig. 210)., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1962. Campodeides des grottes de Sardaigne (Insecta Diplura). Atti VII Congresso nazionale di Speleologia, Memoria III: 199 - 202.","Conde B. 1956 a. Campodeides cavernicoles de Grece. Notes biospeologiques 11: 7 - 12."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) festae Silvestri, 1932 Plusiocampa festae Silvestri, 1932: 75, figs x–xi. Plusiocampa festae coi Silvestri, 1932: 78. Diagnosis (Silvestri 1933a; Condé 1984a) Slightly troglomorphic species. Antennae with 25 and 35 antennomeres. Non-protruding frontal process with non-tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; abundant notal clothing setae. Two (rarely three) ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal claws (1.1) with large lateral crests; posterior claw with no backward overhang. Urotergites I–II with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 1+0 la, 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 2+2– 3+3 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 7+7 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 9+9 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with an area of glandular g 1 setae and enlarged appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Remarks The studied material (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) from MSS habitats was collected from inland Greece. Three specimens from Évia show variability in the number of post macrosetae on the third urotergite; they have 2+1, 2+2 and 3+3 post macrosetae, showing the dubious value of the subspecies P. (P.) festae coi. In addition, a juvenile from Montes Orno, Crete, has also been studied and it matches in all chaetotaxic characters with P. (P.) festae festae. In conclusion, we suggest that P. (P.) festae coi should be synonymized with the nominate subspecies. Habitat and distribution Soil-dwelling species previously found on Karpathos and Leros, islands of the Dodecanese Archipelago; also collected in endogean environments at two sites on Crete and at a locality near Izmir, Anatolia, Turkey. It seems to inhabit MSS, where it has also been found at 14 localities in continental Greece., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1932. Campodeidae (Thysanura) de Espana (primera parte). Eos 8: 115 - 164.","Silvestri F. 1933 a. Nuovi contributi alla conoscenza della fauna delle isole italiane dell'Egeo. Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria in Portici 27: 61 - 111.","Conde B. 1984 a. Diploures Campodeides (Insectes) de Grece (1 ere note). Revue suisse de Zoologie 91 (1): 173 - 201. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41303604 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) lindbergi Condé, 1956 Fig 119 Plusiocampa lindbergi Condé, 1956a: 7, figs 1–2. Diagnosis (Condé 1956a) Slightly troglomorphic species. Antennae with 34–37 antennomeres; five olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ of a possibly regenerated antenna; non-protruding frontal process with nontubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, large, barbed notal macrosetae; smooth clothing setae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal claws (1.05–1.1) with middle-sized lateral crests, posterior claw with no backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 1+1 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with glandular g 1 setae, enlarged subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female with slender, subcylindrical appendages. Remarks The study of one male adult of 4.6 mm body length collected from the MSS habitat in Xànthi, Gérakas, Greece (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) allows the addition of information on the urosternites of the male. It has a narrow area of 96 glandular g 1 setae, arranged in 2–3 rows; enlarged and subcylindrical appendages with a distal area of up to 60 glandular a 1 setae (Fig. 119). Habitat and distribution Subterranean species known from Saint-Jean-le-Prodrome Cave (Spilaio Pelade) and from the MSS habitat near Xánthi, both on the Balkan Peninsula, in the Macedonian and Greek regions., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 70-71, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1956 a. Campodeides cavernicoles de Grece. Notes biospeologiques 11: 7 - 12."]}

Plusiocampa (Dydimocampa) euxina Condé, 1996 Plusiocampa euxina Condé, 1996: 102, figs 1–6. Diagnosis (Condé 1996) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 44–45 antennomeres; eight to ten complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; slightly protruding frontal process with a few anterior tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; sparse short, smooth notal clothing setae. Three ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws (1.25) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a small backward overhang; short lateral processes. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 2+2 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 2+2 la, 5+4 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 9+9 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 8+7, urosternites II–VII with 6+6, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male without glandular g 1 setae, enlarged subcylindrical appendages with a large area of glandular a 1 setae; adult female unknown. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species inhabiting the Movile Cave, Southern Dubrudja, Romania., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1996. Diploures Campodeides de la Pestera de la Movile (Movile Cave), Dobroudja meridionales (Roumanie). Revue suisse de Zoologie 103 (1): 101 - 114. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41267657 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) bonadonai bonadonai Condé, 1948 Plusiocampa bonadonai Condé, 1948c: 50, figs 2–3. Diagnosis (Condé 1948c, 1949, 1950; Condé & Poivre 1982; Bareth 2006) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 31–37 antennomeres; 7–8 complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; sparse notal clothing seate with a few distal barbs. Two or three ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal claws (1.05) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a small backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergites IV–VII with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with abundant glandular g 1 setae, subcylindrical appendages like female appendages, with glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in 11 caves and at one edaphic site in the Île Saint-Honorat caves around the Western Alps, in the mountain reliefs near the Mediterranean coast in the Provence Alps, France., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1948 a. Les Campodeides cavernicoles du Jura. Bulletin de l'Association speleologique de l'Est 1 (1): 1 - 6.","Conde B. 1948 c. Addition a la faune des campodeides cavernicoles de France. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy, new series 7 (2): 45 - 54.","Conde B. 1949. Plusiocampa provincialis n. sp. cavernicole de Provence (Diploures Campodeides). Bulletin de la Societe linneenne de Lyon (Oct. 1949): 166 - 169.","Conde B. 1950. Description d'un Campodeide cavernicole de Lombardie. Doriana (Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \" G. Doria \") 1 (3): 1 - 4.","Conde B. & Poivre C. 1982. Plusiocampa bonadonai Conde au Valais (Insecta, Diplura). Revue suisse de Zoologie 89 (1): 167 - 176. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41324017 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019].","Bareth C. 2006. Les Campodes de France (Diploures Campodeides). Memoires de Biospeologie, hors serie: 2 - 108."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) hoffmanni Sendra & Paragamian sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7C4D40A0-3013-48A3-B3DF-529E78F99DDC Figs 59–94, 204; Tables 6–8 Etymology This species is named in honour of Luc Hoffmann (1923–2016), an extraordinary man, a naturalist and philanthropist, who helped create many international conservation organisations and supported conservation research and actions in the Mediterranean and elsewhere. Material examined Holotype GREECE • &female;; Crete, Marathos nomos Iraklion, Spilaio Doxa (n. 1065); 490 m a.s.l.; 11 May 2005; Fulvio Gasparo leg.; MZB. Paratypes GREECE – Crete • 2 &male;&male;, 2 &female;&female;; same collection data as for holotype but 2 Jun. 2002; Coll. AS • 1 &female;; Zoniana nomos Rethymon, Spilaio Sfento Trypa (n. 701); 630 m a.s.l.; 11 Apr. 2003; Kaloust Paragamian leg.; Coll. AS • 6 &female;&female;; Krousonas, Malevizi, Krousaniotiko Livadi, Varathro Stou Bokon ton Poro; 1Jul. 1990; Kaloust Paragamian leg.; Coll. AS • 1 &female;; Mylopotamos, Livadia, Varathro Sipouli; 24 Mar. 1990; Kaloust Paragamian leg.; Coll. AS • 1 &male;, 2 &female;&female;; Malevizi, Gonies, Varathro Psistraki; 20 Nov. 2005; Kaloust Paragamian and S. Paragamian leg.; Coll. AS. Description BODY. Body length: 4.8 mm (juvenile), 4.7 and 5.4 mm (males from Spilio Doxa), 5.9 and 6.4 mm (females from Spilio Doxa), and 7.4 mm (male from Sfentoni Trypa). Epicuticle smooth under optical microscope, but reticulate at high magnification (Figs 68–69); body with thin, long clothing, smooth or with a few thin distal barbs on dorsal side and well barbed on ventral side, legs and urosternal appendages. HEAD. Antennae with 44–53 antennomeres; central antennomeres 2.5–3× as long as wide, apical antennomere 2.5× as long as wide (Fig. 61). Large cupuliform organ occupying ¼ of total length of apical antennomere, with 8–10 complex olfactory chemoreceptors (Figs 59–60). Small coniform sensillum of third antennomere located in ventral position between c and d macrosetae. Thin and long gouge sensilla, 38–50 µm long, in a single distal whorl of 10–14 sensilla on each medial and distal antennomere (Figs 62–64). Protruding frontal process with tubercular setae and macrosetae with thin barbs. Three macrosetae along line of insertion of antennomere and x setae relatively long, covered from distal third to fourth (Figs 65–66). THORAX. Thoracic macrosetal distribution (Fig. 67): pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la 1,2,3,4 , 2+2 lp 2,3 ; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la 1,2,3 , 2+2 lp 2,3 , 1+1 mp; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 0+0, 0+1, 1+1, 1+2 la or 0+1, 1+1 sla, 2+2 lp 2,3 , 1+1 mp. All medial posterior macrosetae in a forward position. All long, thin notal macrosetae with very thin barbs along distal third or half; marginal setae longer than clothing setae, covered by a few thin distal barbs. Legs elongated, metathoracic legs overpassing end of abdomen at beginning of tarsus. Tibia longest part of leg, 1.11–1.30× as long as tarsus and 1.21–1.37× as long as femur (Table 7). Ratios between lengths of tibia, tarsus and femur seem more or less fixed (Table 7). Femora II–III with one long, thin dorsal macroseta and one shorter ventral macroseta. Tibiae I–III with two or three ventral macrosetae surrounded by thin, short barbs. Calcars surrounded from base almost to tip by thin, short barbs. Metatarsus with a pseudo-articulation on distal third. Typical double rows of thick, completely barbed setae along ventral side of tarsus. Dorsal and lateral subapical tarsal setae completely covered by thin barbs nearly from base almost to tip. Subequal to slightly unequal claws (posterior claw 1.05–1.15× as long as anterior one), with large lateral crests well developed on posterior claw prolongated backwards. Ventral side of claws with longitudinal ridges separated by a surface of micro-hemispherical structures. Pretarsal processes setiform, with abundant, very short proximal barbs (Figs 71–82). ABDOMEN. Distribution of abdominal macrosetae on tergites: 1+1 post 1 on I–II; 1+1–0+0 la, 1+1 post 1 on III; 1+1 la, 3+3–4+4 post 1,2,4,5 on IV; 1+1 la, 5+5 post 1–5 on V–VII, 7+7 post on VIII; 8+8–9+9 post on abdominal segment IX. Urosternite I with 7+7–9+9, urosternites II–VII with 5+5–7+7, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae; all urosternal macrosetae robust, large, covered by long barbs along distal half to four-fifths (Figs 87–88). Stylus with subapical setae longer and more barbated, in fact completely surrounded by short, abundant barbs, more numerous on apical and ventromedial setae (Figs 92–93); large eversible vesicles (Figs 92, 94). Two complete cerci, 2.37 and 1.71× as long as body; this ratio higher in an incomplete 14.50 mm long cercus of 5.4 mm long male (Table 8); up to 11 articles, covered with numerous disorganized, long, thin macrosetae with thin barbs along distal half, in addition to a distal whorl of longer, thicker macrosetae on each article plus an apical whorl of barbed, thin, short clothing setae (Fig. 70). SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERS. Female urosternite I with subcylindrical appendages, each bearing up to 18 glandular a 1 setae in a distal area (Figs 89–91). Male urosternite I (Figs 83–86) with a posterior area of up to 160 glandular g 1 setae in larger male from Sfedoni Trypa (absent in smaller male); with thick, large, subcylindrical appendages, much thicker than female appendages, each bearing up to 100 glandular a 1 setae in a large distal area in two largest adults. Spermatozoid fascicles with a thick spiral filament. Phyletic affinities, habitat and distribution The presence of medial posterior macrosetae on the mesonotum and metanotum relates P. (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. to almost half of the species in the subgenus Plusiocampa, all living in the European region, including most of the Mediterranean islands. Among them, P (P) festae is probably the closest related species due to the distribution pattern of their notal macrosetae; in spite of the fact that both species live in Crete (Condé 1984a; Silvestri 1933a), they occupy different habitats, P. (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. in deep subterranean habitats, P. (P.) festae in soil and subterranean superficial habitats. In addition to this ecological difference, there are several important features that allow them to be separated. Plusiocampa (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. has troglomorphic traits, with longer appendages than P. (P.) festae and more antennomeres and cercal articles, with more complex and more numerous olfactory chemoreceptors within the cupuliform organ. In P. (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov., the claws are slightly unequal to subequal, but with large lateral crests and a backward prolongation of the posterior claws. Additionally, P. (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. shows a protruding frontal process covered by tuberculated setae, 8+8 macrosetae on the first urosternite and 6+6 on the second to seventh urosternites. Some of these features also separate P. (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. from P. (P.) rybaki, a poorly described troglomorphic species from the southern Balkan Peninsula (Condé 1956). Plusiocampa (P.) hoffmanni sp. nov. has been collected from the deep zone of 14 caves in the numerous karst areas of Crete (Fig. 204).

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) bonadonai lanzai Condé, 1961 Plusiocampa bonadonai lanzai Condé, 1961: 399. Diagnosis differential against the type form (Condé 1961; Condé & Poivre 1982) Troglomorphic subspecies.Antennae with 27–33 antennomeres. Urotergite III with 2+2 post macrosetae. No adult males have been observed, and the young males from Valais do not have glandular g 1 setae, without glandular a 2 setae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean subspecies found in a cave of Valais (Switzerland) as well as in two caves in Brescia and Toscana (Italy), around the Western Alps., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1961. Stations et variation de Plusiocampa magdalenae Conde et de P. bonadonai Conde (Diploures Campodeides). Annales de Speleologie 16 (4): 387 - 399.","Conde B. & Poivre C. 1982. Plusiocampa bonadonai Conde au Valais (Insecta, Diplura). Revue suisse de Zoologie 89 (1): 167 - 176. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41324017 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) chiosensis Sendra & Gasparo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B3F3B66C-8C7C-48BF-A841-EAD3DF711C47 Figs 44–46; Tables 3–4 Etymology The name ʻchiosensisʼ is proposed based on the island of Chios, where it occurs in its deep subterranean habitat. Material examined Holotype GREECE • &female;; Chios Island, Sykias; 10 Jun. 2006; Fulvio Gasparo leg.; MZB 2019-1030. Paratypes GREECE • 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for holotype; Coll. AS. Description BODY. Body length 4.4 and 4.9 mm (males, paratypes) and 7.8 mm (female, holotype). Epicuticle smooth under optical microscope; body with sparse thin, long clothing, covered or not by a few thin distal barbs. HEAD. Holotype with two intact antennae of 54 antennomeres, 14.8 mm long. Small coniform sensillum of third antennomere located in ventral position between c and d macrosetae. Central antennomeres 3.8× as long as wide, apical anntenomere 3.6× as long as wide. Small cupuliform organ occupying 1/9 of total length of apical antennomere, with 6–7 complex olfactory chemoreceptors. Thin and long gouge sensilla (44–47 µm long) in a single distal whorl of 10–13 sensilla on each medial and distal antennomere. Frontal process developed, with tubercular setae and macrosetae with thin barbs. Three macrosetae along line of insertion of antennae poorly differentiated, only anterior one with 1–2 thin apical barbs; x setae longer than these macrosetae, with a couple of thin apical barbs (Fig. 44). Suboval labial palps with latero-external sensillum larger than sensillum of third antennomere, with two guard setae, up to 12 setae on anterior border and up to 130 neuroglandular setae. THORAX. Distribution of thoracic macrosetae: pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4–3+3 la 1,2,3,4 , 2+2 lp 2,3 (additionally in the three type specimens, 1+1 extra ma near the sagittal plane); mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 (0+1) la 2 , 2+2 lp 2, 3 , 1+1 mp; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 lp 2 and 1+1, 0+1 or 0+0 mp. All notal macrosetae long, thin, covered by very thin barbs along distal third up to half; marginal setae longer than clothing setae, covered by thin barbs along distal half up to two thirds; spare clothing setae, with 14, 21 and 23 clothing setae on each heminotum of pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum, respectively (holotype). Legs elongated, metathoracic legs overpassing end of abdomen in middle of tibia; measurements as in Table 3. Femora II–III with one long dorsal macroseta and one longer ventral macroseta. Tibiae I–III with two ventral macrosetae surrounded all along by thin, short barbs. Calcars surrounded from base to tip by thin, short barbs. Dorsal and lateral subapical tarsal setae completely covered by thin barbs almost from base and almost to tip. Subequal claws (posterior claw 1.0–1.05× as long as anterior claw); posterior claw with a small backward overhang; lateral crests well developed, noticeably ridged on ventral side. Pretarsal lateral process setiform, with plenty of very short proximal barbs. ABDOMEN. Distribution of abdominal macrosetae on tergites: 1+1 post 1 on I–III; 1+1 la, 2+2 lp 1,2 on IV; 1+1 la, 5+5 post 1–5 on V–VII, 8+8 post on VIII; 11+11 (11+12) post on abdominal segment IX. All post urotergal macrosetae thick, long, covered by thin barbs along distal four-fifths; la urotergal macrosetae shorter than post macrosetae, covered by barbs along distal half. Urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II– VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae; all urosternal macrosetae robust and large, covered by long barbs along distal half up to four-fifths. Apical subapical and ventro-medial setae completely surrounded by short abundant barbs. CERCI. One complete cercus in holotype with eight articles in addition to basal article, 19.70 mm long (Table 4), 2.53 mm longer than body length; articles show whorls of long macrosetae covered by thin barbs along distal two-thirds, combined with whorls of smooth, thin setae shorter than macrosetae. SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERS. Female urosternite I (Fig. 45) with enlarged subcylindrical appendages, each bearing up to 16 glandular a 1 setae in a distal area. Male urosternite I (Fig. 46) without glandular g 1 setae, with moderated large subcylindrical appendages thicker than those of female, each bearing up to 33 glandular a 1 setae. Phyletic affinities, habitat and distribution Although P. (P.) chiosensis sp. nov. has medial posterior macrosetae on the mesonotum and metanotum (sometimes absent in one or two heminota), as do many previously described species of Plusiocampa s. str., a similar reduction in the number of lateral anterior and lateral posterior macrosetae on the mesonotum and metanotum is present in another troglomorphic species, P. (P.) glagra from continental Greece (Condé 1984a). Plusiocampa (P.) chiosensis sp. nov. also shares a couple of noticeable taxonomical features with P. (P.) glabra in their subequal claws and the number of urosternal macrosetae. Nevertheless, the presence of 1+1 lateral anterior macrosetae on the mesonotum, the more abundant macrosetae on all urotergites, including the eighth abdominal segment, and the absence of glandular g 1 setae in males in P. (P.) chiosensis sp. nov. distinguish it from P. (P.) glabra. Plusiocampa (P.) chiosensis sp. nov. is only known from one cave and occupies the deep subterranean spaces, showing highly troglomorphic features (elongation of appendages, antennomeres and articles, and the strengthening of sensorial equipment of the antennae).

Paratachycampa hispanica Bareth & Condé, 1981 Figs 196–201, 206 Paratachycampa hispanica Bareth & Condé, 1981: 776, figs 1a–c, 2a–c, 3a–c, 4a–c, 5a, c, e. Diagnosis (Bareth & Condé 1981; Sendra 1988; Sendra & Escolà 2004) Troglomorphic species. Epicuticle smooth. Antennae with 34–40 elongated antennomeres; 12–16 complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ. Protruding frontal process with abundant tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 1+1 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la macrosetae; long, thin notal macrosetae with a very few barbs; long, thin smooth clothing setae. Subequal, elbow-like claws with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang; laminar, barbed ventral pretarsal processes. Urotergites III–VII with 1+1 la macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 4+4 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 7+7 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 22+22, urosternites II–VII with 7+7, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male without glandular g 1 setae; overdeveloped appendages with a large area of glandular a 2 setae and an apical area of glandular a 1 setae; subcylindrical female appendages with glandular a 1 and a 2 setae. Remarks The studied material (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) allowed us to add taxonomic details revealed by SEM microscopy. Gouge sensilla abundant, as long as 28 µm, with thick transversal stripes with alternating rows of pores between them (Figs 196–197). Subequal claws with well-developed lateral crests (Figs 198–199). Lateral processes of pretarsus with S-shape, its ventral side covered with long, hooked barbs (Figs 200–201). Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in nine caves throughout the coastal karst reliefs in the east of the Iberian Peninsula (Fig. 206).

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) pouadensis fouresi Condé, 1955 Plusiocampa pouadensis fouresi Condé, 1955a: 27. Differential diagnosis against the type form (Condé 1955a; Bareth & Condé 1996) Urotergite III with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 2+2 la, 6+6 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 7+7 post macrosetae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean subspecies inhabiting two caves on the French side of the Eastern Pyrenees., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 73-74, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1955 a. Materiaux pour une monographie des Diploures Campodeides. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, serie A, Zoologie 12: 1 - 202.","Bareth C. & Conde B. 1996. Le complexe de Plusiocampa pouadensis (Denis) dans les grottes de la region pyreneenne. Memoires de Biospeologie 23: 127 - 131."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) bonneti condei Sendra & Escolà, 2004 Figs 30–41 Plusiocampa bonneti condei Sendra & Escolà, 2004: 892. Plusiocampa pouadensis bonneti – Condé 1951: 61. Differential diagnosis against the type form (Sendra 1985; Sendra & Escolà 2004) Antennae with 30–43 antennomeres; eight to nine complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; protruding frontal process with slightly tubercular setae. Spermatozoid fascicle wheels with 2–2½ turns of 300–400 µm long and 7 µm diameter filament. Remarks (Figs 24–35) One male of P. (P.) bonneti bonneti from Cova Mora (San Juan de la Peña, Huesca, Spain) and six specimens of P. (P.) bonneti condei from Cova Toll (Moià, Barcelona, Spain) (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) were used for SEM to remark on some features that are difficult to observe under the optical microscope. In P. (P.) bonneti bonneti, the first urosternite shows very long subtrapezoidal appendages with a large area of glandular a 2 setae and a large area of glandular g 1 setae, with the surface covered by barbed clothing setae and well-barbed macrosetae (Figs 24–27). In P. (P.) bonneti condei, the epicuticle varies from completely smooth to gently reticulate (Fig. 35); antennomeres with a whorl of gouge sensilla, 16–18 µm long (Figs 31, 33). Olfactory chemoreceptors with a central column unfolded in several layers with a reticulate surface covered by pores (Fig. 30). Protruding frontal process with slightly tubercular macrosetae and setae (Figs 32, 34). Claws with large lateral crest with ventral longitudinal grooves separated by reticulate surfaces (Figs 36–39). Stylar setae totally covered by short, thin barbs (Fig. 40). Large eversible vesicles (Fig. 41). Habitat and distribution Subterranean subspecies found in 35 caves in the Eastern Pyrenees and the northern part of the Catalan Mediterranean Mountain System.

Subgenus Plusiocampa s. str. Silvestri, 1912 Diagnosis (Silvestri 1912; Condé 1955a; Sendra & Weber 2018) Lateral crests on claws from small to large, with subequal to very unequal, elbow-like claws; one dorsal femoral; from one to four ventral tibial macrosetae; setifom and smooth (in several species with a few proximal barbs) pretarsal lateral processes. Sternite I with 6+6–9+9, sternites II–VII with 4+4–7+7 and sternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae (with the exception of P. (P.) dargilani). Cerci elongated, with long articles covered in long, thin macrosetae with thin barbs and thin, smooth clothing setae. Habitat and distribution Within humid soils and MSS, but with a preference for the deep subterranean spaces found in caves, including the deepest caves in the world. The 60 species and 9 subspecies of this subgenus are wellspread around the Euro-Mediterranean region, from Southern Europe, including a small karst area in North Africa (Kabylian Mountains, Tell Atlas), throughout south of Central to Southeastern Europe and also reaching some spots in the Anatolian and Crimean peninsulas and Western Caucasus (Fig. 211).

Cestocampa gasparoi Bareth, 1988 Cestocampa gasparoi Bareth, 1988: 49, fig 3a–f. Diagnosis (Bareth 1988) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 27–29 antennomeres (perhaps regenerated); 12–13 simple olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; frontal process with non-tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3–4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; notal setal clothing sparse, long, smooth or with two apical barbs. Two ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal small claws with small lateral crests, posterior claw without a backward overhang. Urotergite I with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite II with 1+2 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 2+2 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 3+3 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male without glandular g 1 setae, enlarged subcylindrical appendages with thin and long glandular a 2 setae. Spermatozoid fascicle wheels with 2½ turns of 350 µm long and 8 µm wide filament. Female unknown. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in Grotta Superiore di Sant’Angelo Calabria, south Italian Peninsula., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Bareth C. 1988. Campodes cavernicoles de la Venetie orientale (Frioule, Venetie Julienne) et de la Calabre (Insecta, Aprterygota Diplura). Atti e Memorie della Commissione Grotte \" Eugenio Boegan \" 27: 45 - 55."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) baetica Sendra, 2004 Figs 12–23 Plusiocampa baetica Sendra in Sendra et al., 2004: 114, figs 1–4, tables 1–4. Diagnosis (Sendra et al. 2004) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 39 antennomeres; 12 very complex olfactory chemoreceptors in a large cupuliform organ; protruding frontal process with tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum 1+1 with ma, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum without macrosetae; short, barbed notal macrosetae except pronotal lp; sparse smooth clothing setae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae; slightly unequal claws (1.16) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a short backward overhang. Urotergites V–VI with 1+1 la, 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite VII with 1+1 la, 2+2–3+3 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 5+5–6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 8+8, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with a narrow area of glandular g 1 setae, with subcylindrical appendages similar to those of female, with glandular a 1 setae. Remarks SEM observations have shown several taxonomical features to complete the original description (Sendra et al. 2004). Each olfactory chemoreceptor shows a spiral fold with a central cylindrical structure, all with a multiporous surface, all tightly open to the exterior through a small opening (Figs 12, 14–15), surrounded by tiny coniform sensilla (Figs 12–13) that are present in the whorl of thin gouge sensilla on each medial and distal antennomere (Figs 16–17). Tibia longer than femur and tarsus (Fig. 18). Pretarsus with subequal claws with large lateral crests, the claws carved by longitudinal ridges and a micro-tuberculated surface (Figs 20, 22–23). Lateral process smooth, with several thin basal barbs (Figs 22–23). Stylar setae with abundant barbs (Fig. 21). Male with subcylindrical appendages with only glandular a 1 setae and a narrow area of glandular g 1 seate (Fig. 19). Habitat and distribution Subterranean species known only from Nerja Cave, a touristic cave in the internal zone of the Baetic Mountain Range, southern Iberian Peninsula., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 28-31, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Sendra A. & Escola O. 2004. Campodeides cavernicoles du nord-est de la peninsule Iberique. Revue suisse de Zoologie 111 (4): 889 - 914. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41227849 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) arbanasiensis Bareth & Condé, 2001 Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) arbanisiensus Bareth & Condé, 2001: 23, figs 7a–g, 8a–b [name emended to arbanasiensis]. Diagnosis (Bareth & Condé 2001) Non-troglomorphic species.Antennae with 23 and 26 antennomeres; five simple olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; slightly protruding frontal process with slightly tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 (2+1) la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; abundant barbed notal clothing setae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal claws (1.05–1.1) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a small backward overhang. Urotergites I–II with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergites IV–V with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 2+2 (2+1) la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with glandular g 1 setae, subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female appendages similar to those of male. Remarks The studied material allowed us to complete the above description. The complete antennae of a female from Jama 1 v Kanjaducah show 23 antennomeres with five simple olfactory chemoreceptors within the cupuliform organ; it has a distal whorl of 8–11 gouge sensilla that are 25 µm long. All specimens show a simple frontal process with non-tubercular setae; smooth subapical tarsal setae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I of male with a narrow area of up to 80 glandular g 1 setae arranged in two or three rows; subcylindrical appendages with up to 12 glandular a 1 setae; females with subcylindrical appendages as in male, with up to 9 glandular a 1 setae. Nevertheless, the large distance from the type locality casts serious doubts regarding the correct identification of this rare species. Habitat and distribution Hypogean species found in two geographically distant karst regions, the Lyashkata Peshtera Cave, Balkan Mountains in Bulgaria, and two caves in the Slovenian Dinaric Mountains., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Bareth C. & Conde B. 2001. Campodeides des grottes de Bulgarie (Insecta: Diplura). Memoires de Bioespeologie 28: 9 - 27."]}

Subgenus Venetocampa Bareth & Condé, 1984 Venetocampa Bareth & Condé, 1984: 143. Diagnosis (Bareth & Condé 1984) Mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 lp or 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; without mp notal macrosetae. One dorsal femoral macroseta; without ventral tibial macrosetae. Very unequal, elbow-like claws with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a large backward overhang. Urotergites with at most 1+1 lateral anterior and 4+5 posterior macrosetae starting from sixth urotergite; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with thick, enlarged appendages with a large area of glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution The two species of the subgenus Venetocampa, which inhabit the subterranean habitat, are found in two caves of the Veneto Region, northern Italian Peninsula (Fig. 211).

Plusiocampa (Stygiocampa) bureschi Silvestri, 1931 Plusiocampa bureschi Silvestri, 1931b: 100, figs iii–v. Plusiocampa (Stygiocampa) rauseri Rusek, 1965: 94, figs 18–24. Diagnosis (Silvestri 1931b; Condé 1955a, 1959; Condé & Bareth 1996; Bareth & Condé 2001) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 39–54 antennomeres; seven to nine complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 lp macrosetae; metanotum without macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; abundant notal clothing setae. No ventral tibial macrosetae; slightly unequal claws (1.1) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a small backward overhang. Urotergite VII with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 4+4 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 6+6–7+7 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male without glandular g 1 setae, subcylindrical slightly enlarged appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female with subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Spermatozoid fascicles 50 µm in diameter, 25 µm wide; wheels with 3½ turns of 300–350 µm and 5.6 µm diamter filament. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in 13 caves in a karst region on the left bank of the Iskar River, Sofia District, Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 96-97, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1931 a. Campodeidae (Insecta Thysanura) dell'estremo Oriente. Bolletino del Laboratorio d'Entomologia agraria in Portici 25: 286 - 320.","Silvestri F. 1931 b. Contributo alla conoscenza dei Campodeidae (Thysanura) della grotte della Bulgaria. Bulletin des Institutions royales d'Histoire naturelle a Sofia 6: 97 - 107.","Rusek J. 1965. Zur Kenntnis der Campodeidae (Diplura) Bulgariens. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslavaca 62: 92 - 97.","Conde B. 1955 a. Materiaux pour une monographie des Diploures Campodeides. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, serie A, Zoologie 12: 1 - 202.","Conde B. 1959. Un singulier diploure cavernicole de Dalmatie. Fragmenta Balcanica 2 (20): 165 - 172.","Bareth C. & Conde B. 1996. Le complexe de Plusiocampa pouadensis (Denis) dans les grottes de la region pyreneenne. Memoires de Biospeologie 23: 127 - 131.","Bareth C. & Conde B. 2001. Campodeides des grottes de Bulgarie (Insecta: Diplura). Memoires de Bioespeologie 28: 9 - 27."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) vodniensis Bareth & Condé, 2001 Plusiocampa vodniensis Bareth & Condé, 2001: 18, figs 5–6. Diagnosis (Bareth & Condé 2001) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 31, 36 and 38 antennomeres; six simple olfactory chemoreceptors on cupuliform organ; protruding frontal process with tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; clothing setae abundant, smooth or with a few distal barbs. Two or three ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergites IV–V with 1+1 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 2+2 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male unknown. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species known only from the Vodni Pech Cave, Vidin town area, in the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria.

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) romana Condé, 1954 Plusiocampa romana Condé, 1954b: 37, figs a–e. Diagnosis (Condé 1954 b, 1983; Ramellini 1990) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 26 antennomeres; 12 complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; frontal process with non-tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; thin, barbed notal macrosetae; sparse notal clothing setae. Two to four ventral tibial macrosetae; slightly unequal claws with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergite I with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite II with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 2+2 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 2+2–3+3 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 3+3 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urostenite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male unknown. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found on the Italian Peninsula in two caves, Grotta di Santa Liberata (Toscana) and Grotta dell’Inferniglio (Latium), and in soil habitat on Monti Ausoni, central Apennine Mountains., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1954 a. Ordnung: Entotropha (Diplura). In: Franz H. (ed.) Der Nordost im Spiegel ihrer Landtierwelt: 644 - 649. Universitatsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck, Austria.","Conde B. 1954 b. Campodeides cavernicoles de la Peninsule Italienne (note preliminaire). Notes biospeologiques 9: 37 - 40.","Conde B. 1983. Le genre Plusiocampa dans les grottes sardes (Diploures Campodeides). Revue suisse de Zoologie 90 (4): 899 - 905. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41311753 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019].","Ramellini P. 1990. I Diplura dei Monti Ausoni e Aurunci (Lazio): fauna ed ecologia. Bollettino dell'Associazione romana di Entomologia 44: 13 - 28."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) friulensis Bareth & Condé, 1984 Plusiocampa friulensis Bareth & Condé, 1984: 136, fig. 2. Diagnosis (Bareth & Condé 1984) Slightly troglomorphic species.Antennae with 27 antennomeres; seven simple olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; frontal process with non-tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae. Unequal claws (more than 1.2) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergites I– II with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 2+2 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with a large area of glandular g 1 setae and enlarged appendages with a large area of glandular a 1 setae; female appendages thinner than those of male, with glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found at Inghiottitoio di Val dei Pai, Montereale Valcellina, Pordenone, Carnic Pre-Alps, Italy., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 50, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Bareth C. & Conde B. 1984. Nouveaux Plusiocampa cavernicoles d'Italie continentale (Diplura Campodeidae). Bollettino della Societa entomologica italiana 116 (8 - 10): 132 - 147."]}

Subgenus Dydimocampa Paclt, 1957 Dydimocampa Paclt, 1957: 46. Diagnosis (Paclt 1957; Condé 1996) Dydimocampa shares with Plusiocampa s. str. the same taxonomic features, with the exception of the two dorsal femoral macrosetae. This fact, together with their distribution patterns, suggests that Dydimocampa is an artificial subgenus based on a single apomorphic feature that has probably appeared several times in Plusiocampa s. str. Habitat and distribution The three species treated here are cave-dwellers with a subterranean life-style and they are distributed in three disjunct karst areas in Europe (Fig. 211)., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Paclt J. 1957. Diplura. In: Wytsman P. (ed.) Genera Insectorum 212: 1 - 123. L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Brussels.","Conde B. 1996. Diploures Campodeides de la Pestera de la Movile (Movile Cave), Dobroudja meridionales (Roumanie). Revue suisse de Zoologie 103 (1): 101 - 114. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41267657 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) affinis Condé, 1947 Plusiocampa affinis Condé, 1947a: 25, fig. 4. Diagnosis (Condé 1947a) Non-troglomorphic species. Antennae with 23–26 antennomeres. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; smooth or distally barbed notal clothing setae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws (1.30) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with backward overhang. Urotergites I–II with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 1+1 la, 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 1+1 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with an area of glandular g 1 setae, subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female appendages like male appendages. Habitat and distribution This species is only known from &Zcaron;upanska pe&cacute;ina, Lubnice, Berane Municipality, Montenegro., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1947 a. Campodeides nouveaux des grottes Balkaniques. Notes biospeologiques 1: 17 - 32."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) ternovensis Sendra & Borko sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D1AE6C14-8920-4505-9B42-B518BB1A6FB0 Figs 153–156; Table 12 Etymology The specific name comes from the geographic area where this new species was found, the plateau called Trnovski gozd (Trnovo Forest). Material examined Holotype SLOVENIA • &female;; Ajdovš&cacute;ina, Predmeja, Bela Gri&zcaron;a 1 n. 7937; 2 Oct. 2014; Špela Borko leg., PMSL Diplura-001. Paratypes SLOVENIA • 2 &female;&female;, 2 &male;&male;; same collection data as for holotype; Coll. AS • 7 &female;&female;, 2 &male;&male;, 3 juv.; Ajdovš&cacute;ina, Predmeja, Velika ledena jama v Paradani n. 742; Coll. AS • 1 &male;; same collection data as for preceding; PMSL Diplura-002 • 1 &female;; same collection data as for preceding; PMSL Diplura-003. Other material See Table S 2 in Supplementary Material. Description BODY. Body length 3.9–5.4 mm (females), 3.2–4.35 mm (males) and 2.7–3.7 (juveniles). Epicuticle smooth under optical microscope; body with thin, middle-sized barbed clothing. HEAD. Only two complete antennae, in a juvenile with 40 antennomeres. Bacilliform sensillum of third antennomere in ventral position between macrosetae d and e. Central antennomeres 1.3× as long as wide. Eighteen to twenty thin gouge sensilla (30–34 µm) in a single distal whorl on each medial and distal antennomere; 2–3 coniform sensilla in same whorl, but also present in last antennomere. Cupuliform organ on apical antennomere with about eight complex olfactory chemoreceptors. Nonprotruding frontal process, with non-tubercular setae. THORAX. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 (1+1, 3+2) la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed macrosetae; long, thin, barbed notal macrosetae; clothing setae smooth or with up to four distal thin barbs. One dorsal femoral macroseta, barbed all along with thin, short barbs; one barbed tibial metathoracic macroseta and none on prothoracic or mesothoracic tibiae; calcars with thin, long barbs in several rows;very unequal claws (1.7–1.8) with large lateral crests; posterior claw with a large backward overhang (Figs 153–154). ABDOMEN. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 (1+0) la, 3+3–2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 1+1 (0+1) la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite VI with 1+1 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite VII with 2+2 (2+1) la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7–8+8, urosternites II–VII with 6+6, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Stylus setae with a few barbs, smooth apically, with basal tooth; 3–5 thin distal barbs on subapical and mediosternal setae. CERCI. Incomplete cerci, a maximum of 5 primary articles have been observed in several specimens. Each primary cercus bears from six to ten disorganized whorls of long, barbed macrosetae, one distal whorl of smooth, long setae and an apical whorl of short, thin setae. GENITAL ORGANS. Male with two to four rows of up to 200 glandular g 1 setae, subcylindrical appendages with a small distal area of up to ten glandular a 1 setae; female with subcylindrical appendages with up to 8 glandular a 1 setae (Figs 155–156). Phyletic affinities, habitat and distribution Several species of Plusiocampa s. str. share important taxonomical features with P. (P.) ternovensis sp. nov., such as the clearly unequal claws with large lateral crests, the posterior claw with a backward overhang and the absence of medial posterior macrosetae on mesonotum and metanotum, but only P. (P.) balsani and P. (P.) affinis share a similar distribution pattern of notal and urotergal macrosetae. Nonetheless, the secondary sexual features of P. (P.) balsani, with the male having subtrapezoidal appendages and glandular a 2 setae, unambiguously isolate it from P. (P.) ternovensis sp. nov. Morphologically and geographically speaking, its closest related species is P. (P.) affinis, but some clear differences separate them. The very unequal claws (1.7–1.8), presence of only one ventral tibial macroseta and the 2+2 lateral macrosetae on the urotergites are features of the new species that are not present in P. (P.) affinis, which has unequal claws (1.3), two ventral tibial macrosetae and 1+1 lateral macrosetae on the urotergites. Plusiocampa (P.) ternovensis sp. nov. has been sampled in three caves at the edge of a karst plateau north of the town of Ajdovš&ccaron;ina, in Slovenia. This karst area is in the northern part of the Dinaric Mountains, a transitional zone between the Mediterranean, Alpine, Dinaric and Central European biogeographic regions. In two of the caves, the species lives together with P. (Stygiocampa) nivea, although they segregate differently within the cave. Plusiocampa (P.) ternovensis sp. nov. lives at a wider range of depths, while P. (S.) nivea occupies a deeper zone of the cave, at a depth of 500 m in the Velika ledena jama v Paradani and Bela Gri&zcaron;a 1 caves. The temperatures in these two deep caves increase with depth, from permanently under 0ºC (Velika ledena jama v Paradani, with permanent ice in the upper parts) to more than 4ºC in parts deeper than 500 m. In Ledenica pri Dolu, an ice cave with temperatures below 2ºC, we found only P. (P.) ternovensis sp. nov., while in the Bošnarjev brezen Cave (5.9ºC to 7.0ºC) we found only P. (S.) nivea . This suggests that P. (P.) ternovensis sp. nov. may be considered better coldadapted than P. (S.) nivea., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 92-94, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) breviantennata Loksa, 1960 Plusiocampa breviantennata Loksa, 1960: 258, figs 2–9. Diagnosis (Loksa 1960) Non-troglomorphic species. Antennae with 19–20 doliiform antennomeres. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; thin notal macrosetae; sparse notal clothing setae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae. Urotergites I–II with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 3+3 post macrosetae; urotergites IV–VII with 4+4 post macrosetae; la macrosetae not mentioned in original description. Habitat and distribution Hypogean species, only found in Lóczy Cave, Balatonfüred, in the Balaton Uplands, southern Transdanubian Mountains, Hungary., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 35-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Loksa I. 1960. Faunistisch-systematische und okologische Untersuchungen in der Loczy-Hohle bei Balatonfured (Biospeologica Hungarica XL). Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis, Sectio Biologica 3: 253 - 266.","Sendra A. & Escola O. 2004. Campodeides cavernicoles du nord-est de la peninsule Iberique. Revue suisse de Zoologie 111 (4): 889 - 914. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41227849 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) djurdjurae Condé, 1984 Plusiocampa djurdjurae Condé, 1984b: 244. Diagnosis (Condé 1984b) Troglomorphic species.Antennae with 34–35 and 38 antennomeres; 28 simple olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; protruding frontal process with tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3–2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed macrosetae; barbed notal clothing setae. Two or three ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws (1.4) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 0+0–1+1 la, 2+2–3+3 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5– 6+6, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Young male with an area of glandular g 1 setae, enlarged appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female with subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in two caves, Ifri Semedane and Ifri Maareb, in the Djurdjura Mountains, Tell Atlas, Algeria, on the former Kabylian microplate., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1984 a. Diploures Campodeides (Insectes) de Grece (1 ere note). Revue suisse de Zoologie 91 (1): 173 - 201. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41303604 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019].","Conde B. 1984 b. Decouverte du genre Plusiocampa en Afrique Septentrionale. Memoires de Biospeologie 9: 243 - 245."]}

Hystrichocampa pelletieri Condé, 1948 Hystrichocampa pelletieri Condé, 1948a: 5, fig. 2. Diagnosis (Condé 1948a, 1955a; Bareth 1968, 2006) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 31–36 antennomeres; 8 to 10 olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; protruding frontal process with tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; sparse long, thin clothing setae. Unequal, elbow-like claws (1.2) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang. Urotergites I–II with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 1+1 la, 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 4+4 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 2+2 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites VI– VII with 3+3 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with glandular g 1 setae, enlarged subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Spermatozoid fascicles 57–80 µm in diameter and 7–9 µm in width; wheels with 1½ turns of 150–200 µm long and 7–8 µm thick filament. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species widespread in the Jura karst mountains between France and Switzerland, where it is found in 18 caves (Fig. 210)., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1948 a. Les Campodeides cavernicoles du Jura. Bulletin de l'Association speleologique de l'Est 1 (1): 1 - 6.","Conde B. 1955 a. Materiaux pour une monographie des Diploures Campodeides. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, serie A, Zoologie 12: 1 - 202.","Bareth C. 1968. Biologie sexuelle et formations endocrines de Campodea remyi Denis (Diploures Campodeides). Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol 5 (3): 303 - 426.","Bareth C. 2006. Les Campodes de France (Diploures Campodeides). Memoires de Biospeologie, hors serie: 2 - 108."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) pouadensis leoni Condé, 1951 Plusiocampa pouadensis leoni Condé, 1951: 60, fig. 2. Differential diagnosis against the type form (Condé 1951, 1955a; Bareth & Condé 1996) Antennae with 28–33 antennomeres. Urotergite III with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 7+7 post macrosetae. Habitat and distribution Subterranean subspecies inhabiting three caves on the Spanish side of the Eastern Pyrenees., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1951. Campodeides cavernicoles de Catalogne. Speleon 2: 51 - 62.","Conde B. 1955 a. Materiaux pour une monographie des Diploures Campodeides. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, serie A, Zoologie 12: 1 - 202.","Bareth C. & Conde B. 1996. Le complexe de Plusiocampa pouadensis (Denis) dans les grottes de la region pyreneenne. Memoires de Biospeologie 23: 127 - 131."]}

Cestocampa balcanica Condé, 1955 Cestocampa balcanica Condé, 1955: 57. Diagnosis (Condé 1955a; Sendra et al. 2012a) Non-troglomorphic species. With 25 antennomeres in a regenerated antenna; frontal process with nontubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; sparse smooth notal clothing setae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal small claws (1.03) with small lateral crests, posterior claw without a backward overhang. Urotergite I with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergites II–III with 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite V with 2+2 (2+1) la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergites VI–VII with 3+3 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 (8+7) post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+1+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male unknown; female subcylindrical appendages with a 1 glandular setae. Habitat and distribution Soil-dwelling species found in two remote localities, the type locality in Rabitlje, south-eastern Dinaric Mountains, and on Monti Aurunci, Lazio, central Italian Peninsula., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1955 a. Materiaux pour une monographie des Diploures Campodeides. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, serie A, Zoologie 12: 1 - 202.","Sendra A., Arnedo M. A., Ribera C., Teruel S., Bidegaray-Batista L. & Conde B. 2012 a. Revision of Cestocampa Conde (Diplura, Campodeidae), with description of a new species from caves in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Zootaxa 3252: 43 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3252.1.2"]}

Plusiocampa (Dydimocampa) evallonychia Silvestri, 1949 Figs 3–8; Table 1 Plusiocampa evallonychia Silvestri, 1949: 29, figs ii–iii. Diagnosis (Silvestri 1949; Condé 1996) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 33 antennomeres. Protruding frontal process with tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 lp macrosetae; long, barbed macrosetae. Two ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a backward overhang; short lateral anterior process and long lateral posterior process. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergites IV–VI with 1+1 la, 2+2 post macrosetae; urotergite VII with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae. Urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 6+6, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male unknown; female with subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae. Remarks The study of four specimens, a juvenile and 3 females, collected in three caves (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) allowed a comparison with the species description, but new topotype material is needed to clarify the taxonomic status of this species (Table 1). The epicuticle of dorsal sclerites is reticulate when observed in high magnification (Fig. 6). Antennae with 34 and 35 antennomeres in two adults, and 40 in the juvenile; adult medial antennomeres 1.6× as long as wide, apical antennomere 2.5× as long as wide; one distal whorl with 20–22 gouge sensilla in each medial and distal antennomere, 36– 38 µm in length (Fig. 4). Cupuliform organ occupies 1/5 of total length of last antennomere, with more than ten spheroidal olfactory chemoreceptors with a central column unfolded in complex expansions with a visible polygonal net with porous surface (Fig. 3). Protruding frontal process with abundant tubercular setae (Fig. 5). Pronotum with 3+3 la macrosetae (2+2 la in original description). Unequal claws (1.4–1.5) with large lateral crests (Fig, 7), posterior claw with a large backward overhang; short lateral anterior pretarsal processes, less than half length of claw, and long lateral posterior pretarsal anterior process overpassing end of claw, as described in type form. Calcars with two rows of long barbs almost from base; smooth subapical tarsal setae. Urotergites with important differences from type form: 2+2 (3+2) la and 4+4–5+5 post on urotergites VI–VII; 6+6 post on urotergite VII; 9+9 post macrosetae on abdominal segment IX (undescribed in type form). Stylar setae with a few long, thin barbs. Urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 6+6, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae (Fig. 8). Cerci 1.9× as long as body, with only 6 articles plus base. Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in four caves, including the type locality in the I-El Koba (= Kizil-Koba, Krasnaya) &Scy;ave in the Crimean Mountains. The occurrence of such a distribution for P. (D.) evallonychia in the currently unrelated isolated karst regions of the Crimean Mountains is probably associated with the recent colonization of the caves by the edaphic form of this species in the Würm glacial stage. Such a recent isolation of the populations of this species might explain the absence of differences between them., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1949. Descrizione di due specie nuove cavernicole di Campodeidae (Insecta Diplura) della regione del Monte Tauro. Bolletino del Laboratorio d'Entomologia agraria in Portici 9: 27 - 31.","Conde B. 1996. Diploures Campodeides de la Pestera de la Movile (Movile Cave), Dobroudja meridionales (Roumanie). Revue suisse de Zoologie 103 (1): 101 - 114. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41267657 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) lagari Sendra & Condé, 1987 Figs 95–118, 203 Plusiocampa lagari Sendra & Condé, 1987: 741, figs 1–4, tables 1–3. Diagnosis (Sendra & Condé 1987; Sendra 2001; Sendra et al. 2004) Troglomorphic species. Antennae with 32–34 antennomeres; 15–18 complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ; slightly protruding frontal process with non-tubercular setae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 (4+3) la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 2+2 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp (1+1 lp supplementary in some populations), 1+1 mp macrosetae. Two or three ventral tibial macrosetae; subequal claws (1.1) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a small backward overhang. Urotergites I–III with 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 2+2–3+3–4+3 post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 1+1 la, 5+5 (4+5) post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 (6+5, 6+7) post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 (8+9) post macrosetae; urosternite I with 7+7, urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with a narrow area of glandular g 1 setae, subclylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female with subcylindrical appendages bearing glandular a 1 setae. Spermatozoid fascicle wheels with 1½ turns of 110–140 µm long and 6 µm wide filament. Remarks Ten specimens from the Chorros and Farallón Caves in Riopar, Albacete, Spain (see Table S 2 in Supplementary Material) were used for SEM to study some features that are difficult to observe under an optical microscope. Epicuticle slightly reticulate, with large polygonal pattern (Fig. 107); antennomeres with a whorl of thin gouge sensilla, 34–36 µm long, with an external transversal striped surface (Figs 96–100). Cupuliform organ with spheroidal olfactory chemoreceptors in a complex spiral shape (Fig. 95). Head suboval with slightly protruding frontal process (Figs 101–102). Labial palp with short neuroglandular setae (Figs 103–106). Tarsus with two ventral barbed rows (Fig. 112). Claws with large lateral crest with dorsal striated surface and with ventral longitudinal grooves separated by a multihemispherical surface (Figs 108–111). Male with a large area of glandular g 1 setae and slightly thicker subcylindrical appendages (Figs 113–117). Stylar setae covered by a few thin, short barbs (Fig. 118). Habitat and distribution Subterranean species found in 31 caves in the external zone of the Baetic Mountain Range, around the carbonate areas of the Cazorla, Segura, Alcaraz and Castril Mountains and the peripheral karst areas of Filabres Mountain and the Yesos de Sorbas, southeastern Iberian Peninsula (Fig. 203)., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on pages 65-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Sendra A. & Conde B. 1987. Plusiocampa lagari, nouvelle espece troglobie du sud-est de l'Espagne (Insecta, Diplura). Revue suisse de Zoologie 94 (4): 741 - 748. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41153598 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019].","Sendra A. 2001. Dipluros campodeidos (Diplura: Campodeidae) de las grutas almerienses (Almeria, Espana). Zoologica Baetica 12: 71 - 82.","Sendra A. & Escola O. 2004. Campodeides cavernicoles du nord-est de la peninsule Iberique. Revue suisse de Zoologie 111 (4): 889 - 914. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41227849 [accessed 13 Nov. 2019]."]}

Plusiocampa (Pentachaetocampa) inopinata Sendra & Weber, 2018 Plusiocampa (Pentachaetocampa) inopinata Sendra & Weber, 2018: 5, figs 1–17, table 1. Diagnosis (Sendra & Weber 2018) Troglomorphic species. Sparse thin and long clothing notal setae with thin barbs. Antennae in adults with 32–33 antennomeres. Cupuliform organ with 12–14 complex olfactory chemoreceptors. Frontal process developed, with slightly tubercular setae and macrosetae. Pronotum with 1+1 ma, 4+4 la, 2+2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1+1 ma, 3+3 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1+1 ma, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp, 1+1 mp macrosetae; long, thin macrosetae, with very thin barbs; subequal to slightly unequal claws (posterior claw 1.05–1.15) with large lateral crests; posterior claw with backward overhang; pretarsal lateral process long, smooth and setiform with several short proximal barbs. Urotergites I–II with 1+1 post 1 macrosetae; urotergite III with 1+1 la, 1+1 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1+1 la, 2+2 (3+2, 3+3) post macrosetae; urotergites V–VII with 1+1 la, 5+5 post macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 6+6 (5+6, 5+5) post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8+8 (8+7) post macrosetae. Urosternite I with 7+7 (7+6), urosternites II–VII with 5+5, urosternite VIII with 2+2 macrosetae. Male with a narrow area with glandular g 1 setae, enlarged subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae; female with glandular g 1 setae with subcylindrical appendages, thinner than in male. Habitat and distribution Monotypic subgenus known only from a single cave in southwest Germany (Fig. 211)., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Sendra A. & Weber D. 2018. An unexpected discovery of a new subgenus and a species of Plusiocampa (Campodeidae, Diplura) alongside an overview of Central European subterranean campodeids. European Journal of Taxonomy 428: 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2018.428"]}

Plusiocampa (Plusiocampa) aff. dublanskii sp. nov. Fig. 49–50 Material examined WESTERN CAUCASUS • 1 &male;; Abkhazia, Ochamchira District, near Otap Village, Abrskila Cave; 9 Sep. 2014; I.S. Turbanov leg.; ZMMU. Remarks Body length 2.8 mm. It shows some differences from the type form in the number of macrosetae on the pronotum (1+2 la 2,3 ), metanotum (1+1 la), urotergite IV (without la macrosetae), urotergite V (without la and 1+1 post 1 ), urotergite VI (1+1 la, 2+2 post 1,2 ), urotergite VII (2+2 la 2,3 , 2+2 post 1,2 ), urotergite VIII (4+4 post) and abdominal segment IX (7+7 post). Phyletic affinities, habitat and distribution Among the described species of Plusiocampa s. str., P. (P.) bulgarica, P (P.) elongata, P. (P.) vodniensis and P. (P.) beroni from the Balkan karst region (Condé 1954a; Bareth & Condé 2001; Sendra et al. 2012b), P. (P.) strouhali, P. (P.) caprai, P. (P.) grandii and P. (P.) hoelzeli from the Alps (Condé 1954a; Neuherz 1984) and P. (P.) fagei from caves on Mallorca (Condé 1955b) share two important taxonomic characters with P. (P.) dublanskii sp. nov.: the distinctly unequal claws with large lateral crests and an evident backward overhang on the posterior claw, and the presence of medial posterior macrosetae on the mesonotum and metanotum. Nonetheless, the absence of ventral tibial macrosetae or the extremely unequal claws with unequal lateral pretarsal processes suggest a completely different relationship with the unclear subgenus Venetocampa from the Veneto region, northern Italian Peninsula. These new troglomorphic taxa live in two separated karst regions in the north (Crimea) and the east (Western Caucasus) of the Black Sea. The important differences between the two studied specimens are remarkable, in particular the number and distribution of the macrosetae on the urotergites and abdominal segment, something that should be reviewed in the future with further samples., Published as part of Sendra, Alberto, Antić, Dragan, Barranco, Pablo, Borko, Špela, Christian, Erhard, Delić, Teo, Fadrique, Floren, Faille, Arnaud, Galli, Loris, Gasparo, Fulvio, Georgiev, Dilian, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Lukić, Marko, Marcia, Paolo, Miculinić, Kazimir, Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Palero, Ferran, Paragamian, Kaloust, Pérez, Toni, Polak, Slavko, Prieto, Carlos E., Turbanov, Ilya, Vailati, Dante & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Flourishing in subterranean ecosystems: Euro-Mediterranean Plusiocampinae and tachycampoids (Diplura, Campodeidae), pp. 1-138 in European Journal of Taxonomy 591 on page 47, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.591, http://zenodo.org/record/3659823, {"references":["Conde B. 1954 a. Ordnung: Entotropha (Diplura). In: Franz H. (ed.) Der Nordost im Spiegel ihrer Landtierwelt: 644 - 649. Universitatsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck, Austria.","Bareth C. & Conde B. 2001. Campodeides des grottes de Bulgarie (Insecta: Diplura). Memoires de Bioespeologie 28: 9 - 27.","Sendra A., Nitzu E. & Sanjuan A. 2012 b. Half a century after Ionescu's work on Romanian Diplura - A faunal contribution based on material collected from karst areas. Travaux de l'Institut de Speologie \" Emile Racovitza \" 51: 37 - 66.","Neuherz H. 1984. Torocampa holzeli n. gen., n. spec. - eine klasobionte Campodeide (Diplura, Apterygota) aus der Hafnerhohle in den Karawanken, Karnten. Carinthia II 174 / 94: 415 - 427.","Conde B. 1955 b. Campodeides cavernicoles des Baleares. Notes biospeologiques 9: 121 - 132."]}