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Background: We aim to assess whether time of day modified the treatment effect in the RACECAT trial (Direct Transfer to an Endovascular Center Compared to Transfer to the Closest Stroke Center in Acute Stroke Patients With Suspected Large Vessel Occlusion Trial), a cluster-randomized trial that did not demonstrate the benefit of direct transportation to a thrombectomy-capable center versus nearest local stroke center for patients with a suspected large vessel stroke triaged in nonurban Catalonia between March 2017 and June 2020. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of RACECAT to evaluate if the association between initial transport routing and functional outcome differed according to trial enrollment time: daytime (8:00 am –8:59 pm ) and nighttime (9:00 pm –7:59 am ). Primary outcome was disability at 90 days, as assessed by the shift analysis on the modified Rankin Scale score, in patients with ischemic stroke. Subgroup analyses according to stroke subtype were evaluated. Results: We included 949 patients with an ischemic stroke, of whom 258 patients(27%) were enrolled during nighttime. Among patients enrolled during nighttime, direct transport to a thrombectomy-capable center was associated with lower degrees of disability at 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [acOR], 1.620 [95% CI, 1.020–2.551]); no significant difference between trial groups was present during daytime (acOR, 0.890 [95% CI, 0.680–1.163]; P interaction =0.014). Influence of nighttime on the treatment effect was only evident in patients with large vessel occlusion(daytime, acOR 0.766 [95% CI, 0.548–1.072]; nighttime, acOR, 1.785 [95% CI, 1.024–3.112] ; P interaction P interaction >0.1 for all comparisons). We observed longer delays in alteplase administration, interhospital transfers, and mechanical thrombectomy initiation during nighttime in patients allocated to local stroke centers. Conclusions: Among patients evaluated during nighttime for a suspected acute severe stroke in non-urban areas of Catalonia, direct transport to a thrombectomy-capable center was associated with lower degrees of disability at 90 days. This association was only evident in patients with confirmed large vessel occlusion on vascular imaging. Time delays in alteplase administration and interhospital transfers might mediate the observed differences in clinical outcome. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02795962.

Background: We aim to compare the outcome of patients from urban areas, where the referral center is able to perform thrombectomy, with patients from nonurban areas enrolled in the RACECAT trial (Direct Transfer to an Endovascular Center Compared to Transfer to the Closest Stroke Center in Acute Stroke Patients With Suspected Large Vessel Occlusion). Methods: Patients with suspected large vessel occlusion stroke, as evaluated by a Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation score of ≥5, from urban catchment areas of thrombectomy-capable centers during RACECAT trial enrollment period were included in the Stroke Code Registry of Catalonia. Primary outcome was disability at 90 days, as assessed by the shift analysis on the modified Rankin Scale score, in patients with an ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes included mortality at 90 days, rate of thrombolysis and thrombectomy, time from onset to thrombolysis, and thrombectomy initiation. Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort of patients with similar characteristics. Results: The analysis included 1369 patients from nonurban areas and 2502 patients from urban areas. We matched 920 patients with an ischemic stroke from urban areas and nonurban areas based on their propensity scores. Patients with ischemic stroke from nonurban areas had higher degrees of disability at 90 days (median [interquartle range] modified Rankin Scale score, 3 [2–5] versus 3 [1–5], common odds ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.06–1.48]); the observed average effect was only significant in patients with large vessel stroke (common odds ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.08–1.65]). Mortality rate was similar between groups(odds ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.81–1.28]). Patients from nonurban areas had higher odds of receiving thrombolysis (odds ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.16–1.67]), lower odds of receiving thrombectomy(odds ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.51–0.75]), and longer time from stroke onset to thrombolysis (mean difference 38 minutes [95% CI, 25–52]) and thrombectomy(mean difference 66 minutes [95% CI, 37–95]). Conclusions: In Catalonia, Spain, patients with large vessel occlusion stroke triaged in nonurban areas had worse neurological outcomes than patients from urban areas, where the referral center was able to perform thrombectomy. Interventions aimed at improving organizational practices and the development of thrombectomy capabilities in centers located in remote areas should be pursued. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02795962.

El jaguar (Panthera onca), felino más grande de América, se encuentra amenazado por factores como la deforestación, la cacería, reducción de sus presas y el tráfico de sus partes, y por ello se han realizado varios esfuerzos para la conservación de esta especie a nivel continental. Sin embargo, estas valiosas iniciativas tienen muchas imprecisiones en sus mapas y excluye importantes áreas para la distribución del jaguar. Para esto, basados en un mapa de cobertura de bosque y no bosque y puntos de observación de jaguares en los últimos 20 años presentamos una propuesta de mapas de distribución actual, probable e histórica, para el jaguar, con áreas que cubren entre el 60 y 47% de la superficie del Perú.

The objective of this study was to compare the two methods of reproduction used for the Alpine goats at a sheepfold located in the province of Pichincha. A hormonal protocol was followed for heat synchronization based on intravaginal sponges impregnated with fluorogestone acetate (FGA) combined with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). In total, 24 two-to-four-year-old does were randomly divided into two groups: one for natural breeding (NB) with a five-year-old male goat of proven fertility and another for intracervical artificial insemination (IC-AI) with refrigerated semen collected from the same goat. The parameters evaluated were: the conception rate (CT), the fertility rate (FR), and the prolificacy index (PI). The CT and FR were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test, while PI was analyzed with the student’s t-test. None of the reproductive parameters evaluated showed a significant difference between the two methods of reproduction. Therefore, MN or IC-AI in goats with previously synchronized heat could be an alternative to improve reproductive efficiency. Keywords: estrus synchronization, artificial insemination, natural mating, Alpine, goats. RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar dos tipos de técnicas reproductivas en un aprisco ubicado en la provincia de Pichincha en cabras de raza Alpina aplicando un protocolo hormonal para sincronización de celo basado en esponjas intravaginales impregnadas con acetato de fluorogestona (FGA) combinado con prostaglandina F2α (PGF2α) y gonadotropina coriónica equina (eCG). Se utilizaron 24 hembras de 2 a 4 años de edad, divididas de manera aleatoria en dos grupos: uno para monta natural (MN) con un macho cabrío de 5 años de edad, de fertilidad probada, y otro para inseminación artificial intracervical (IA-ic) con semen refrigerado obtenido del mismo macho cabrío. Los parámetros productivos evaluados después de la realización de los dos tipos de técnicas reproductivas fueron: tasa de concepción (TC), tasa de fertilidad (TF) e índice de prolificidad (IP). La TC y la TF se compararon mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson, mientras que el IP fue analizado con la prueba de t student. Ninguno de los parámetros reproductivos evaluados mostró diferencia significativa entre ambos tipos de reproducción. Por lo tanto, la MN o la IA-ic en cabras con celo previamente sincronizado podría ser una alternativa para mejorar la eficiencia reproductiva. Palabras Clave: sincronización de celos, inseminación artificial, monta natural, Alpina, cabras2.

Este artículo presenta un análisis del paradigma tecnocrático para comprender cómo este jerarquiza el conocimiento, legitima el poder y establece un orden lineal de desarrollo. Se inicia el análisis con el concepto de tecnología referido a un saber – hacer que permite el surgimiento de la civilización. Esto, para comprender como la tecnocracia se consolida como ideología con un ethos penetrante que impone cierta visión de mundo y tiene implicaciones en lo político, económico, social y ambiental que evidencia la necesidad de superar el determinismo tecnológico en procura del bien común.

Introduction: Vascular aging is characterized by structural and functional changes in blood vessels that lead to reduced perfusion pressure to distal organs and high blood pressure (BP). Cerebrovascular aging is strongly associated with high BP, however, systemic BP is constituted by the steady and pulsatile components. We aimed this study to investigate the association of intracranial artery stenosis in relation to the steady and pulsatile components of the systemic BP - such association remains undocumented. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 292 participants from the Maracaibo Aging Study who underwent ambulatory BP monitoring, magnetic resonance angiography, and MRI between 2011 to 2016. The stenosis of eleven intracranial arteries was measured using magnetic resonance angiography scans and encompassed the right and left sides of the anterior (ACA), middle (MCA), posterior (PCA) cerebral arteries, and internal carotid arteries (ICA), vertebral arteries, and the basilar artery. The steady BP component included the 24-hour mean arterial pressure (MAP) while the pulsatile component included the 24-hour pulse pressure (PP). We performed multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association between intracranial artery stenosis and BP components. Models were accounted for age, sex, head circumference, years of education, body mass index, total and high-density cholesterol ratio, creatinine, diabetes mellitus, and antihypertensive treatments. Results: Mean age was 57.5±11 years, 75% women. After adjustment for confounders, 24-hour pulse pressure was associated (P≤ 0.020) with the stenosis of ICA (Odds ratios [OR], 2.00 per every 5 mmHg of PP; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-2.69), ACA (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.23-1.84), MCA (OR, 1.46; 95%, CI, 1.21-1.77), PCA (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.26-1.91), basilar artery (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.59) and vertebral arteries (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.14-1.78). The ORs of ICA, ACA, MCA, PCA, basilar artery, and vertebral arteries in relation to high 24-hour MAP levels (P≤ 0.040) ranged from 1.27 (95% CI, 1.00-1.61) to 1.48 (95% CI, 1.15 - 1.91). Conclusion: Elevated levels in the steady and pulsatile components of the systemic BP are associated with intracranial artery stenosis.

Background and Purpose: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in ischemic stroke patients with poor prestroke conditions remains controversial. We aimed to analyze the frequency of previously disabled patients treated with MT in clinical practice, the safety and clinical response to MT of patients with preexisting disability, and the disabled patient characteristics associated with a better response to MT. Methods: We studied all consecutive patients with anterior circulation occlusion treated with MT from January 2017 to December 2019 included in the Codi Ictus Catalunya registry—a government-mandated, prospective, hospital-based data set. Prestroke disability was defined as modified Rankin Scale score 2 or 3. Functional outcome at 90 days was centrally assessed by a blinded evaluator of the Catalan Stroke Program. Favorable outcome (to return at least to prestroke modified Rankin Scale at 90 days) and safety and secondary outcomes were compared with patients without previous disability. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between prestroke disability and outcomes and to identify a disabled patient profile with favorable outcome after MT. Results: Of 2487 patients included in the study, 409 (17.1%) had prestroke disability (313 modified Rankin Scale score 2 and 96 modified Rankin Scale score 3). After adjustment for covariates, prestroke disability was not associated with a lower chance of achieving favorable outcome at 90 days (24% versus 30%; odds ratio, 0.79 [0.57–1.08]), whereas it was independently associated with a higher risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (5% versus 3%; odds ratio, 2.04 [1.11–3.72]) and long-term mortality (31% versus 18%; odds ratio, 1.74 [1.27–2.39]) compared with patients without disability. Prestroke disabled patients without diabetes, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score >8 and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score Conclusions: Despite a higher mortality and risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, prestroke-disabled patients return as often as independent patients to their prestroke level of function, especially those nondiabetic patients with favorable early ischemic signs profile. These data support a potential benefit of MT in patients with previous mild or moderate disability after large anterior vessel occlusion stroke.

Aplicando la teoría de Buckley-Leverett se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la recuperación secundaria del reservorio Basal Tena del campo Palo Azul operado por EP PETROECUADOR. Principalmente el detalle del estudio se determinó el incremento del factor de recobro de petróleo en el reservorio Basal Tena mediante el cálculo de Buckley-Leverett. El proceso del estudio fue constituido: primer paso, se identificó el área en estudio donde exista continuidad del reservorio. Segundo paso, se realizó un análisis de declinación de presión en los pozos productores del sector norte del reservorio Basal Tena, evidenciando claramente la caída de presión, deduciendo que el mecanismo principal de producción en el reservorio Basal Tena es la expansión de roca y fluido. El tercer paso fue el desarrollo de la teoría de Buckley-Leverett, con la inyección de agua se determinó un factor de recobro de 14% que son 3.5 millones de barriles de petróleo. El trabajo se pudo concluir que la inyección de agua tiene un efecto en el incremento del factor de recobro con respecto a las reservas remanentes en 4.55%.

Background: We analyzed the main factors associated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with minor ischemic stroke. Methods: Data were obtained from a prospective, government-mandated, population-based registry of stroke code patients in Catalonia (6 Comprehensive Stroke Centers, 8 Primary Stroke Centers, and 14 TeleStroke Centers). We selected patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≤5 at hospital admission from January 2016 to December 2020. We excluded patients with a baseline modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3, absolute contraindication for IVT, unknown stroke onset, or admitted to hospital beyond 4.5 after stroke onset. The main outcome was treatment with IVT. We performed univariable and binary logistic regression analyses to identify the most important factors associated with IVT. Results: We included 2975 code strokes; 1433 (48.2%) received IVT of which 30 (2.1%) had a symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation. Patients treated with IVT as compared to patients who did not receive IVT were more frequently women, had higher NIHSS, arrived earlier to hospital, were admitted to a Comprehensive Stroke Centers, and had large vessel occlusion. After binary logistic regression, NIHSS score 4 to 5 (odds ratio, 40.62 [95% CI, 31.73–57.22]; P P Conclusions: Minor stroke female patients, with higher NIHSS, arriving earlier to the hospital, presenting with large vessel occlusion and admitted to a Comprehensive Stroke Centers were more likely to receive intravenous thrombolysis.

Background Although recommendations to prevent COVID-19 healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have been proposed, data on their effectivity are currently limited. Objective The aim was to evaluate the effectivity of a program of control and prevention of COVID-19 in an academic general hospital in Spain. Methods We captured the number of COVID-19 cases and the type of contact that occurred in hospitalized patients and healthcare personnel (HCP). To evaluate the impact of the continuous use of a surgical mask among HCP, the number of patients with COVID-19 HAIs and accumulated incidence of HCP with COVID-19 was compared between the preintervention and intervention periods. Results Two hundred fifty-two patients with COVID-19 have been admitted to the hospital. Seven of them had an HAI origin (6 in the preintervention period and 1 in the intervention period). One hundred forty-two HCP were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Of them, 22 (15.5%) were attributed to healthcare (2 in the emergency department and none in the critical care departments), and 120 (84.5%) were attributed to social relations in the workplace or during their non-work-related personal interactions. The accumulated incidence during the preintervention period was 22.3 for every 1000 HCP and 8.2 for every 1000 HCP during the intervention period. The relative risk was 0.37 (95% confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.55) and the attributable risk was -0.014 (95% confidence interval, -0.020 to -0.009). Conclusions A program of control and prevention of HAIs complemented with the recommendation for the continuous use of a surgical mask in the workplace and social environments of HCP effectively decreased the risk of COVID-19 HAIs in admitted patients and HCP.

Resumen: Objetivo: Reportar un caso de esporotricosis linfocutánea contraída en Chile y realizar una revisión de la literatura con énfasis en los hallazgos dermatoscópicos de las lesiones y en los casos reportados en el país. Caso Clínico: Paciente adulto mayor con lesiones nodulares ulceradas siguiendo trayecto linfático en extremidad superior derecha. Resultados: Estudio micológico confirmó la presencia de Sporothrix schenckii. Se inició tratamiento con antifúngico oral con buena respuesta terapéutica. Conclusiones: Existe un escaso número de reporte de esporotricosis linfocutánea contraída en Chile con confirmación micológica. Este es el único caso chileno con descripción dermatoscópica de las lesiones. Summary: Objective: To report a case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis adquired in Chile and provide a review of the literature with emphasis on dermoscopic findings and previous cases reported in the country. Clinical Case: An elderly patient presented with ulcerated nodular lesions following lymphatic vessels in his right upper limb. Results: Mycological work-up confirmed the presence of Sporothrix schenkii. Oral antifungal treatment was initiated with good therapeutic response. Conclusion: Few case reports of lymphocutaneous sporotricosis adquired in Chile can be found in literature. Until now this is the only chilean case with dermoscopic description of the lesions.

Despite several efforts to quantify the effectiveness of forest certification in developing sustainable use of forest resources, there is little evidence that certified forests are more effective in conserving fauna than non‐certified managed forest. To evaluate the impact of forest certification on the fauna, we compared the biodiversity in reference sites (n = 23), Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified management sites (n = 24) and non‐FSC management sites (n = 20) in the Tahuamanu region of Peru, during the dry season of 2017. Specifically, we determined if the acoustic space used (ASU), soundscapes composition, and the bird richness and composition significantly varied among the three management types. Variation in ASU was best explained by management type and mean ASU in the FSC sites was significantly greater than the reference and non‐FSC sites, possibly suggesting greater richness of acoustically active species. An ordination analysis of the soundscapes showed that there was a significant difference among the three management types. There was greater dissimilarity in soundscape composition between the FSC and non‐FSC sites, and greater overlap between FSC and reference sites. Bird identifications resulted in 11,300 detections of 226 bird species. Bird species richness and composition were not significantly different among the management types, indicating, in this context, that birds may not be the best indicators of different management strategies. The weak discrimination by the bird community is likely due to their dispersal ability, undisturbed primary forest matrix, and the occurrence of bamboo patches. The differences in ASU among the management types were most likely due to differences in acoustically active insects, which may be more sensitive to changes in microhabitat differences. Our findings correspond with the conclusions of other studies that certified forests can maintain levels of fauna biodiversity similar to those of undisturbed primary forest in the Amazon region.

En el Perú se registran al menos 180 especies de murciélagos. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios acerca de sus ectoparásitos, dentro de los cuales destacan las denominadas moscas de murciélagos (Diptera: Streblidae y Nycteribiidae), en los cuales se estima un total de 158 especies en la región Neotropical. En el Perú, una de las regiones con menos información es la costa. En este estudio actualizamos el conocimiento de las asociaciones ectoparásito-hospedero en murciélagos de la costa peruana, una de las regiones ecologicas con más degradación y pérdida de hábitat. Se evaluaron cinco localidades en las regiones de Piura, Lima y Tacna. Se capturaron 85 murciélagos pertenecientes a 7 especies; 4 de Phyllostomidae, 2 de Molossidae y 1 de Vespertilionidae. Se encontraron seis especies de dípteros (Diptera: Streblidae) y un hemíptero (Hemiptera: Polyctenidae) y se reporta por primera vez algunas de estas asociaciones en las regiones de Lima y Piura. Se reporta también a Anoura peruana como hospedero de Anastrebla modestini (Streblidae) en una colonia reproductiva compartida con Platalina genovensium, y por primera vez para la región de Piura, el co-parasitismo de los estréblidos Megistopoda aranea, Aspidoptera phyllostomatis y Metelasmus pseudopterus en un mismo individuo de Artibeus fraterculus.

Stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are cerebral pathologies with high socioeconomic impact that can occur together and mutually interact. Vascular factors predisposing to cerebrovascular disease have also been specifically associated with development of AD, and acute stroke is known to increase the risk to develop dementia.Despite the apparent association, it remains unknown how acute cerebrovascular disease and development of AD are precisely linked and act on each other. It has been suggested that this interaction is strongly related to vascular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), i.e., cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Furthermore, the blood–brain barrier (BBB), perivascular space, and the glymphatic system, the latter proposedly responsible for the drainage of solutes from the brain parenchyma, may represent key pathophysiological pathways linking stroke, Aβ deposition, and dementia.In this review, we propose a hypothetic connection between CAA, stroke, perivascular space integrity, and dementia. Based on relevant pre-clinical research and a few clinical case reports, we speculate that impaired perivascular space integrity, inflammation, hypoxia, and BBB breakdown after stroke can lead to accelerated deposition of Aβ within brain parenchyma and cerebral vessel walls or exacerbation of CAA. The deposition of Aβ in the parenchyma would then be the initiating event leading to synaptic dysfunction, inducing cognitive decline and dementia. Maintaining the clearance of Aβ after stroke could offer a new therapeutic approach to prevent post-stroke cognitive impairment and development into dementia.

The formation of integral professionals, essential main characters of the necessary national socioeconomic transformation and local continues to be part of social responsibility of the university; however, the execution of this mission at the present time demands the approach and integration with the remaining actors of each territory that possess enough potentialities to participate in the pedagogic process of superior level. In correspondence with the above-mentioned the authors intended as essential objective the one of meditating about the educational potentialities that it presents the company like essential context in the process of the students' of engineers professional formation. He went possible to give execution to the purpose traced starting from a bibliographical review of the work of national and international investigators that, in the last years they have approached the thematic one. As a result, it is conceptualized and it defines the term educational potentialities; also, an analysis of some of the main educational potentialities identified in the managerial scenarios that convert them, next to the university, in contexts pedagogic essentials for the process of the engineering students' integral formation is carried out.

Several species of wild cats are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss, persecution or retaliatory killing by humans as a result of real or perceived livestock depredation, and illegal trade. The trade of individuals or their parts has been a recurring threat over the years, especially prior to the establishment of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) in 1975. We assessed the extent of trade of wild cats in Peru (eight species) using export records available from 1946 to 1973, before the establishment of CITES and after the implementation of CITES using confiscation data available for 2001–2020. The ocelot and the jaguar were the most exploited species for their skins in the pre‐CITES period, with 228,376 and 17,301 individuals, respectively; as well as post‐CITES, although at significantly lower levels, with 67 individuals and 107 body parts, and 27 individuals and 99 body parts, respectively. Post‐CITES trade, however, shows an increasing trend for the jaguar and all wild cat species. Currently in Peru, the illegal wildlife trade is considered opportunistic, but its impact on wild populations has not been properly documented. We recommend improving knowledge regarding population status of wild cats to inform conservation status, and to increase efforts to reduce illegal trade at both national and regional level.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la probabilidad de riesgo asociado a la presencia de macroquistes de Sarcocystis spp. en canales de camélidos sudamericanos domésticos (CSDs) faenadas en la Empresa Pública Metropolitana de Rastro Quito (EMRAQ-EP) entre noviembre de 2017 y enero de 2018. Se utilizaron un total de 54 canales que fueron agrupadas por especie (43 de alpacas [41] y llamas [2], y 11 de híbridos), sexo (36 de machos y 18 de hembras) y edad (16 de jóvenes [menores de 5 años] y 38 de adultos [mayores de 5 años]). La prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson (P

Este estudio presenta los resultados de laboratorio de la inyección de solvente en muestras obtenidas del reservorio M-2, campo petrolífero VHR de la región amazónica ecuatoriana. El objetivo fue determinar el aumento del factor de recuperación en núcleos saturados con aceite de 29.2 °API. Este estudio consistió en tres etapas: en la primera etapa, varios métodos EOR que potencialmente pueden aplicarse a núcleos, que se obtuvo de la arenisca M-2, fueron analizados. En la segunda etapa, se realizó un desplazamiento de petróleo utilizando agua de formación, este resultado se usó como punto de referencia. En la tercera etapa, se procedió a desplazar el petróleo con solvente y se comparó con el resultado de la segunda etapa. Para la segunda y tercera etapa, se desarrolló un modelo simple basado en la teoría de Buckley-Leverett. Este modelo ayudó a cuantificar el aumento en el factor de recuperación. Los criterios de selección determinaron que las condiciones eran apropiadas para la inyección de solvente. El punto de referencia dio un factor de recuperación del 25.7%. Por otro lado, el aceite desplazado después de usar solvente fue de 43.77%. Este resultado significa un aumento del 18.07% en el factor de recuperación. El método numérico dio un factor de recuperación de 49.97%, que es 6.2% más alto que los valores experimentales. El experimento permitió concluir que la opción de inyectar solvente es muy práctica para usarlo en un proyecto piloto para el reservorio M-2 del campo VHR de la región amazónica ecuatoriana.

The labor practice, in the Technical and Professional Education, constitutes one of the new modalities of the practical teaching that bigger level of confusion generates in managers, teachers and specialists of the labor entities. Located in the area of specific professional training, those responsible for its execution, generally confuse it with the already traditional pre-professional practices. However, it has different purposes. The main objective of this article is to analyze the historical evolution of the practical working concept, given the current inaccuracies that contribute to its inadequate conception in pedagogical practice. An interpretative approach was assumed and, consequently, methods such as: document analysis, interview, testimony and key informants were used. As a result, an analysis of the historical evolution of the practical work concept was made.

Existen numerosas investigaciones sobre los aspectos psicológicos relacionados con el rendimiento deportivo. Sin embargo, el número de trabajos sobre estos aspectos en deportes concretos desciende. Para realizar un programa de entrenamiento psicológico es importante conocer dichas variables y el peso de cada una de ellas en diferentes momentos de la temporada. En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo es describir los aspectos psicológicos que los deportistas de Lucha Olímpica perciben como más importante entorno a la situación competitiva, así como los momentos más complicados y satisfactorios de la temporada y las estrategias que los deportistas utilizan en las situaciones complicadas. Para ello se utiliza una metodología cualitativa a través del análisis de contenido. Se llevó a cabo una entrevista a veinticinco deportistas de Lucha Olímpica. Los resultados indican la existencia de variables con mayor peso en distintas situaciones como el control de estrés y la autoconfianza y otras que aparecen como relevantes en momentos concretos y relacionados con situaciones de buen o bajo rendimiento como las expectativas, la atención, el apoyo social o la percepción del estado físico. Por otro lado, los deportistas acuden a diferentes estrategias en situaciones de competición y sienten preocupación por aspectos específicos de este deporte como el control de la alimentación y el peso. Destaca finalmente la importancia de conocer las variables psicológicas en función del momento de la temporada y el deporte concreto, así como la realización de evaluaciones cualitativas que recojan la opinión de los deportistas, para realizar programas de entrenamiento psicológicos ajustados a sus necesidades.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background and Purpose: We evaluated whether stroke severity, functional outcome, and mortality are different in patients with ischemic stroke with or without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: A prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study in Catalonia, Spain. Recruitment was consecutive from mid-March to mid-May 2020. Patients had an acute ischemic stroke within 48 hours and a previous modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 to 3. We collected demographic data, vascular risk factors, prior mRS score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, rate of reperfusion therapies, logistics, and metrics. Primary end point was functional outcome at 3 months. Favourable outcome was defined depending on the previous mRS score. Secondary outcome was mortality at 3 months. We performed mRS shift and multivariable analyses. Results: We evaluated 701 patients (mean age 72.3±13.3 years, 60.5% men) and 91 (13%) had COVID-19 infection. Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with patients without COVID-19 (8 [3–18] versus 6 [2–14], P=0.049). Proportion of patients with a favourable functional outcome was 33.7% in the COVID-19 and 47% in the non-COVID-19 group. However, after a multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 infection did not increase the probability of unfavourable functional outcome. Mortality rate was 39.3% among patients with COVID-19 and 16.1% in the non-COVID-19 group. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 infection was a risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio, 3.14 [95% CI, 2.10–4.71]; P

La neurofibromatosis tipo 2 es un trastorno poco frecuente, que pertenece al grupo de las neurofibromatosis, que se caracterizan por la mayor propensión al desarrollo de tumores. Se presenta con múltiples tumores no malignos del sistema nervioso, incluidos schwannomas, meningiomas, ependimomas y gliomas, siendo los schwannomas vestibulares bilaterales una característica clásica. La mayoría de los casos se diagnostican en la adultez, sin embargo, las características clínicas habitualmente están presentes durante muchos años antes del diagnóstico. Es importante un alto índice de sospecha y un adecuado examen cutáneo y neurológico, ya que es crítico para hacer un diagnóstico correcto y precoz, y así, realizar un tratamiento interdisciplinario adecuado, evitando posibles complicaciones como son la pérdida auditiva y el uso de ayudas técnicas.

En este artículo, se presenta una parte de los resultados de una investigación sobre el fracaso y el abandono escolares llevada a cabo desde el Departamento de Sociología de la Universidad de Salamanca. La idea de partida, ya presentada en otras investigaciones, es que el abandono escolar prematuro es el resultado de un proceso progresivo de desvinculación de la escuela por parte de aquéllos que acaban abandonando antes de la obtención de un título post-obligatorio. Los diversos aspectos del proceso de fracaso deben observarse, desde este punto de vista, como síntomas de ese desenganche progresivo y previo por parte del alumno con respecto a la institución. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los pasos y los elementos de este proceso a partir de la información con la que contamos. Para realizar este análisis, se ha recopilado una base de datos de expedientes (académicos, disciplinarios y de orientación) de alumnos entre 16 y más de 25 años que ya habían abandonado el sistema en el curso 2007-08, y se han realizado entrevistas con alumnos que han abandonado recientemente. A partir de esta información, se ha generado una serie de perfiles de comportamiento académico de los alumnos, se sientan las bases para realizar una crítica de la eficacia de las medidas de diversificación, y se corrobora la escasa importancia de los problemas disciplinarios en el proceso de abandono. Desde el punto de vista del alumnado, aparecen como elementos clave para el abandono: (1) la atracción relativa de la incorporación al empleo, (2) la desmotivación progresiva con la oferta vital de la escuela, (3) los cambios de centro, (4) el peso delos “malos profesores” y (5) la consideración del abandono como un éxito personal –como una victoria táctica–. Todos estos aspectos aparecen en los discursos de los alumnos como elementos clave en el proceso.

Innovative techniques, such as environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, are now promoting broader biodiversity monitoring at unprecedented scales, because of the reduction in time, presumably lower cost, and methodological efficiency. Our goal was to assess the efficiency of established inventory techniques (live-trapping grids, pitfall traps, camera trapping, mist netting) as well as eDNA for detecting Amazonian mammals. For terrestrial small mammals, we used 32 live-trapping grids based on Sherman and Tomahawk traps (total effort of 10,368 trap-nights); in addition to 16 pitfall traps (1,408 trap-nights). For bats, we used mist nets at 8 sites (4,800 net hours). For medium and large mammals, we used 72 camera trap stations (5,208 camera-days). We identified vertebrate and mammal taxa based on eDNA analysis (12S region, with V05 and Mamm01 markers) from water samples, including a total of 11 3-km transects for stagnant water sampling and seven small streams for running water sampling. A total of 106 mammal species were recorded. Building on sample-based rarefaction and extrapolation curves, both trapping grids and pitfall were successful, recording 91.16% and 82.1% of the expected species for these techniques (~22 and ~9 species), and 16.98% and 6.60% of the total recorded mammal species, respectively. Mist nets recorded 83.2% of the expected bat species (~48), and 34.91% of the total recorded species. Camera trapping recorded 99.2% of the predicted large- and medium-sized species (~31), and 33.02% of the total recorded species. eDNA recorded 75.4% of the expected mammal species for this technique (~68), and 47.0% of the total recorded species. eDNA resulted in a useful tool that saves on effort and reduces sampling costs. This study is among the first to show the large potential of eDNA metabarcoding for assessing Amazonian mammal communities, providing, in combination with conventional techniques, a rapid overview of mammal diversity with broad applications to monitoring, management and conservation. By including appropriate genetic markers and updated reference databases, eDNA metabarcoding method can be extended to the whole vertebrate community.

Dominar los procesos cognitivos individuales y usar estrategias de aprendizaje por parte de los universitarios mejora su rendimiento. Nos proponemos indagar en el aprendizaje del alumnado universitario atendiendo al género a través de un cuestionario EVAAU. Este instrumento, validado mediante juicio de expertos y análisis factorial confirmatorio, consta de 31 ítems que se responden a través de una escala Likert y que se encuentran agrupados en una estructura factorial de 5 dimensiones que inciden en los resultados del aprendizaje del universitario responsable del 67,31% del total de la varianza. Los resultados revelan diferencias significativas de género, donde la dimensión Recursos educativos y de aprendizaje tiene mayor incompatibilidad de igualdad de medias, y la Organización de los tiempos es la mejor valorada. Se concluye remarcando la importancia de las técnicas de estudio antes de comenzar la carrera y de cómo el factor motivacional y la implicación del profesorado influye en el rendimiento académico. Esta información contribuye a mejorar la planificación y el conocimiento del aprendizaje de los universitarios por parte de los docentes. La estructura del trabajo responde a una breve explicación teórica, al desarrollo metodológico del estudio y a la presentación de los resultados extraídos, para finalizar con la discusión y las conclusiones del estudio. Dominar els processos cognitius individuals i usar estratègies d'aprenentatge per part dels universitaris millora el seu rendiment. Ens proposem indagar en l'aprenentatge de l'alumnat universitari atenent el gènere a través d'un qüestionari EVAAU. Aquest instrument, validat mitjançant el judici d'experts i l'anàlisi factorial confirmatòria, consta de 31 ítems que es responen a través d'una escala Likert i que es troben agrupats en una estructura factorial de 5 dimensions que incideixen en els resultats de l'aprenentatge de l'universitari, responsable del 67,31% del total de la variància. Els resultats revelen diferències significatives de gènere, on la dimensió Recursos educatius i d'aprenentatge té major incompatibilitat d'igualtat de mitjanes, i l'Organització dels temps és la millor valorada. Es conclou remarcant la importància de les tècniques d'estudi abans de començar la carrera i de com el factor motivacional i la implicació del professorat influeix en el rendiment acadèmic. Aquesta informació contribueix a millorar la planificació i el coneixement de l'aprenentatge dels universitaris per part dels docents. La feina s'estructura en una breu explicació teòrica, el desenvolupament metodològic de l'estudi i la presentació dels resultats extrets, i per finalitzar la discussió i les conclusions de l'estudi. Mastering individual cognitive processes and using learning strategies improve the performance of higher education students. We investigate learning among university students attending to gender through an EVAAU questionnaire. This instrument, validated by expert judgment and confirmatory factor analysis, consists of 31 items. Responses are evaluated based on a Likert scale according to the degree of agreement with the statement and grouped into a 5-dimensional factor structure that affect learning outcomes of university students responsible for 67.31% of the total variance. The results reveal significant differences between genders, where the dimension Educational and learning resources has greater incompatibility of equality of means, and the Organization of time is the most valued. The findings highlight the importance of learning study techniques before pursuing a degree, and how motivational factors and teacher involvement influence academic performance. This information can contribute to teachers' planning and knowledge of university students' learning processes.