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Brain function connectivity, derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has enjoyed high popularity in studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis. Albeit rapid progress has been made, most studies still suffer from several knotty issues: (1) the hardship of effectively modeling the sophisticated brain neuronal connectivity;(2) the dimensionality explosion resulted from excessive voxels in each fMRI sample; (3) the poor interpretability giving rise to unpersuasive diagnosis. To ameliorate these issues, we propose a GCN-based model, namely ConResNet. Specifically, a convolutional restructuring attention is designed for efficiently ROI-interaction feature extraction. Besides, we embed a salient graph pooling method to sift salient nodes. Extensive experiments conducted on ABIDE dataset demonstrate ConResNet achieves state-of-the-art performance. Moreover, the most salient brain regions predicted by ConResNet are closely consistent with theoretical knowledge in the medical domain, providing potential biomarkers for ASD clinical diagnosis.

Community structure is ubiquitous in various complex networks in nature and is one of the important characteristics of network structure.Community detection can identify useful information in the network,and help to analyze the structure and function of the network.It is widely used in social networks,biology,medicine and other fields.Aiming at the low accuracy of the current community detection algorithm based on local similarity in complex networks,a community detection algorithm based on Markov similarity enhancement and network embedding is proposed.Firstly,inspired by the idea of Markov chain,a Markov similarity enhancement method is proposed,which obtains the steady-state Markov similarity enhancement matrix through the Mar-kov iterative state transition of the initial network.According to the Markov similarity index,the network is divided into initial community structure.Then,a new community similarity index is proposed by combining the network topology and network embedding.The small community in the initial community structure is merged with its closely connected community to obtain the network community structure.On 7 real networks and artificial networks with variable parameters,compared with other 5 well-known community detection algorithms,it is proved that the proposed algorithm has a good community detection effect.

In this study, from the perspective of image processing, we propose the iDNA-ITLM model, using a novel data enhance strategy by continuously self-replicating a short DNA sequence into a longer DNA sequence and then embedding it into a high-dimensional matrix to enlarge the receptive field, for identifying DNA methylation sites. Our model consistently outperforms the current state-of-the-art sequence-based DNA methylation site recognition methods when evaluated on 17 benchmark datasets that cover multiple species and include three DNA methylation modifications (4mC, 5hmC, and 6mA). The experimental results demonstrate the robustness and superior performance of our model across these datasets. In addition, our model can transfer learning to RNA methylation sequences and produce good results without modifying the hyperparameters in the model. The proposed iDNA-ITLM model can be considered a universal predictor across DNA and RNA methylation species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of blockchain technology, the cryptocurrency market has experienced significant growth in recent years, simultaneously fostering environments conducive to cybercrimes such as phishing scams. Phishing scams on blockchain platforms like Ethereum have become a grave economic threat. Consequently, there is a pressing demand for effective detection mechanisms for these phishing activities to establish a secure financial transaction environment. However, existing methods typically utilize only the most recent transaction record when constructing features, resulting in the loss of vast amounts of transaction data and failing to adequately reflect the characteristics of nodes. Addressing this need, this study introduces a multiscale feature fusion approach integrated with a graph convolutional network model to detect phishing scams on Ethereum. A node basic feature set comprising 12 features is initially designed based on the Ethereum transaction dataset in the basic feature module. Subsequently, in the edge embedding representation module, all transaction times and amounts between two nodes are sorted, and a gate recurrent unit (GRU) neural network is employed to capture the temporal features within this transaction sequence, generating a fixed-length edge embedding representation from variable-length input. In the time trading feature module, attention weights are allocated to all embedding representations surrounding a node, aggregating the edge embedding representations and structural relationships into the node. Finally, combining basic and time trading features of the node, graph convolutional networks (GCNs), SAGEConv, and graph attention networks (GATs) are utilized to classify phishing nodes. The performance of these three graph convolution-based deep learning models is validated on a real Ethereum phishing scam dataset, demonstrating commendable efficiency. Among these, SAGEConv achieves an F1-score of 0.958, an AUC-ROC value of 0.956, and an AUC-PR value of 0.949, outperforming existing methods and baseline models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaired immunity in patients with late-stage cancer is not limited to antitumor responses, as demonstrated by poor vaccination protection and high susceptibility to infection.sup.1-3. This has been largely attributed to chemotherapy-induced impairment of innate immunity, such as neutropenia.sup.2, whereas systemic effects of tumors on hematopoiesis and adoptive immunity remain incompletely understood. Here we observed anemia associated with severe deficiency of CD8.sup.+ T cell responses against pathogens in treatment-naive mice bearing large tumors. Specifically, we identify CD45.sup.+ erythroid progenitor cells (CD71.sup.+TER119.sup.+; EPCs) as robust immunosuppressors. CD45.sup.+ EPCs, induced by tumor growth-associated extramedullary hematopoiesis, accumulate in the spleen to become a major population, outnumbering regulatory T cells (T.sub.regs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The CD45.sup.+ EPC transcriptome closely resembles that of MDSCs, and, like MDSCs, reactive oxygen species production is a major mechanism underlying CD45.sup.+ EPC-mediated immunosuppression. Similarly, an immunosuppressive CD45.sup.+ EPC population was detected in patients with cancer who have anemia. These findings identify a major population of immunosuppressive cells that likely contributes to the impaired T cell responses commonly observed in patients with advanced cancer. Large tumors induce anemia and expansion of CD45.sup.+ immature erythroid cells, which represent a major immunosuppressive population in the spleen, contributing to systemic suppression of T cell immunity in late-stage cancer., Author(s): Lintao Zhao [sup.1] , Ran He [sup.2] , Haixia Long [sup.1] , Bo Guo [sup.3] , Qingzhu Jia [sup.1] , Diyuan Qin [sup.4] , Si-Qi Liu [sup.4] , Zhongyu [...]