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L’objectif de l’étude est de montrer que les différentes législations foncières de la Côte d’Ivoire n’étant pas favorables aux femmes, très peu d’entre elles avaient accès à la terre en zone rurale. Mais la loi foncière de 1998 en ne fixant aucune condition d’âge ni de sexe est une aubaine pour les ivoiriennes d’accéder à la propriété foncière au même titre que les hommes. Hélas, malgré son adoption et l’espoir suscité, on observe la persistance des inégalités de genres ; les ivoiriennes sont toujours discriminées et n’ont toujours que très peu accès à la terre, privilège des hommes.

Jean Bodin defines sovereignty as the perpetual and absolute power of the Commonwealth - that is to say - a legislative power that knows neither conditions, nor constraints, nor obligations. Nevertheless, he also affirms that all sovereigns are subject to the laws of God and nature and to several human laws common to all peoples. So how can a power define as absolute can have limits? This is the contradiction pointed out by several interpreters of his political thought. My purpose is to show the imprecision of these opinions and to propose an interpretation that makes consistent the idea that the sovereign can be both above the civil law and subject to boundaries that limit his power to legislate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kanji is one of the popular writing systems in Japanese, alongside Hiragana and Katakana. However, due to the complexity of this writing system, many learners encounter difficulties in using Japanese Kanji correctly, particularly in the process of Vietnamese-Japanese translation. This article addresses the current situation of errors regarding Japanese Kanji in translation by Japanese Language majors at Ho Chi Minh City Open University. After analyzing and synthesizing errors, the author will conduct in-depth interviews and surveys with students. Through these means, the research will identify errors related to Japanese Kanji made by students when translating from Vietnamese to Japanese. These errors mainly focus on issues such as using Sino-Vietnamese sounds, Sino-Japanese sounds, spelling, and word repetition. Consequently, the research will present results and propose recommendations for lecturers and students involved in the teaching and learning of Japanese Kanji.

Electrochemical wastewater treatment technologies are increasingly being used in practice, and the combination of electrocoagulation with advanced oxidation processes has been shown to increase treatment efficiency. The treatment of oily wastewater produces electrocoagulated metal sludge (EMS). In this work, the possibility of using different ratios of EMS produced during oily wastewater treatment was investigated. EMS was dried conventionally in an oven at 105 °C and used as a partial substitute for clay in the manufacture of laboratory bricks. The main research objectives of this study were to examine the possibility and justification of introducing EMS in brick production. The results show that an increase in the proportion of EMS in the manufacturing of bricks leads to a deterioration in the quality of the bricks. Bricks with an addition of 1 wt% and 5 wt% EMS showed the best properties. The loss on ignition (LOI), compressive strength, boiling water absorption and initial water absorption were determined at 5.7%; 49 N/mm2, 16%, 14 g/min/200 cm2, 15% for modified bricks with 1 wt% EMS and 6.3%, 48 N/mm2, 20%, 15 g/min/200 cm2 for modified brick with 5 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) measurement has long been considered the gold standard of vascular assessment for people with lower limb ulceration. Despite this, only around 15% of patients in the United Kingdom who require an ABPI measurement undergo the assessment. The Lanarkshire Oximetry Index (LOI) is a cheaper and arguably more accessible approach to vascular assessment and was initially proposed as an alternative to the ABPI in 2000. No synthesis of evidence related to the LOI has been performed since its introduction into the literature. Primary studies were sought to determine the clinimetric properties of the LOI and its level of agreement with ABPI assessments. Systematic searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, BNI, ProQuest Health and Medicine, Science Direct, Google Scholar and the British Library (online search) were conducted. Reference lists of identified studies were also reviewed to identify additional studies. Three primary studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting data from 307 patients and 584 limbs assessed using both the LOI and ABPI. All three studies reported fair to moderate kappa values for interrater reliability (κ = 0.290–0.747) and statistically significant positive correlation coefficients (r = 0.37, p < 0.001 in two studies) between the LOI and ABPI. The combined data from the three studies indicated a sensitivity of 52% (41.78–62.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]) and specificity of 96.08% (93.4–97.9, 95% CI) for the LOI using the ABPI as a reference. Additional data are required to indicate the safety of the LOI in practice. Data are also required to determine if the LOI is more acceptable to clinicians compared to the ABPI and whether there are any barriers/enablers to its implementation in practice. Given the relatively low specificity of the LOI, it may be beneficial to combine measurement of the LOI with a subjective clinical risk assessment tool to improve the sensitivity of this alternative approach to vascular assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tout en rappelant la dimension téléologique de la loi pour une république, cette production juridico-sociologique démontre que celle-ci, pour dire la loi, se veut, aussi et surtout, une valeur républicaine. Sous le regard systémique, l’analyse souligne qu’outre la prévisibilité des comportements des citoyens, la loi assure aussi la régulation de la vie étatico-nationale. Cependant, elle souligne, dans la suite que, pour des raisons de son application légitime, il y a quelques préalables comme par exemple : l’établissement des faits qui impliquent leur existence physique et aussi légale, la saisie de son contenu qui exige sa bonne interprétation et une meilleure gestion des preuves en droit, puis, vient l’impartialité, etc. Puisque l’étude se préoccupe de la question de la bonne administration de la justice en RD. Congo par l’application équitable de la loi, elle finit par une interpellation aux praticiens du droit. Certes, ces derniers, doivent, non seulement, faire preuve de la maitrise des connaissances juridiques, mais, il leur faut aussi, des valeurs morales et déontologiques en vue de bâtir un Etat de droit voulu par tous au cœur de l’Afrique.

Copyright of Synergies Afrique des Grands Lacs is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Significant work in DH has focused on access, labor, and infrastructure. They fundamentally shape the field, from who is included to what we study (for example, see Graban et al 2019, McGrail et al 2022, and Losh and Wernimont 2018). Often less discussed is the legal systems that impact the field. Laws defining data use including ownership, access, circulation, and privacy shape the analytical possibilities and differ according to geography and nation state. In this article, we address the impact of a specific United States legal framework governing access to data and outline advocacy to change the legal code to facilitate DH research. We specifically discuss the Association for Computers and the Humanities (ACH) work to support a change in text and data mining policy by supporting an effort led by Samuelson Law, Technology & Public Policy Clinic and Authors Alliance. This policy, section 1201 of the US copyright code, imposes a set of restrictions on how people can use digital materials whose access is mediated using technical protection measures, including digital rights management (DRM) code—even when the use would otherwise be permitted by fair use. (Fair use in US copyright law is roughly equivalent to fair dealing in Canada, although inherently more open through not enumerating a specific list of exemptions.) By collaborating with one another and with legal practitioners, DH scholars can play a significant role in changing the legal regime that protects multinational corporations and limits humanities research. We end with a discussion of next steps and how US-based scholars can get involved in changing this legal landscape.D'importants travaux en DH se sont concentrés sur l'accès, l'emploI et l'infrastructure. Ils façonnent fondamentalement le domaine, de qui est inclus à ce que nous étudions (par exemple, voir Graban et al 2019, McGrail et al 2022, et Losh et Wernimont 2018). Les systèmes juridiques qui ont un impact sur le domaine sont souvent moins discutés. Les lois définissant l'utilisation des données, y compris la propriété, l'accès, la circulation et la confidentialité, façonnent les possibilités d'analyse et diffèrent en fonction de la géographie et de l'État-nation. Dans cet article, nous abordons l'impact d'un cadre juridique spécifique des États-Unis régissant l'accès aux données et décrivons les actions de plaidoyer visant à modifier le code juridique pour faciliter la recherche en DH. Nous discutons spécifiquement du travail de l'Association for Computers and the Humanities (ACH) pour soutenir un changement dans la politique d'exploration de textes et de données en soutenant un effort mené par Samuelson Law, Technology & Public Policy Clinic et Authors Alliance. Cette politique, section 1201 du code des droits d'auteur américain, impose un ensemble de restrictions sur la façon dont les gens peuvent utiliser les matériaux numériques dont l'accès est médiatisé par des mesures de protection technique, y compris le code de gestion des droits numériques (Digital Right Management ou DRM)—même lorsque l'utilisation serait autrement autorisée par l'utilisation équitable. (L'utilisation équitable dans la loi des États-Unis sur le droit d'auteur est à peu près équivalente à l'utilisation équitable au Canada, bien qu'elle soit intrinsèquement plus ouverte du fait qu'elle n'énumère pas une liste spécifique d'exemptions). En collaborant entre eux et avec les praticiens du droit, les chercheurs en sciences humaines peuvent jouer un rôle important dans la modification du régime juridique qui protège les multinationales et limite la recherche en sciences humaines. Nous terminerons par une discussion sur les prochaines étapes et sur la manière dont les chercheurs basés aux États-Unis peuvent s'impliquer dans la modification de ce paysage juridique.

The flammability properties of polymers and polymer composites are crucial in ensuring their safe use in various applications. The development of flame-retardant technologies continues to be an active area of research to improve the fire safety of these materials. Recently, ionic liquids have been studied in the flammability properties of polymers and polymer composites. In this concise review, different types of polymers and polymer composites that are combined with ionic liquids are discovered. In addition, the preparation of polymers and polymer composites combined with ionic liquids through distinct methods is described. The additive effect of ionic liquids on the flammability properties of polymers and polymer composites is also concisely reviewed. The data demonstrated in this review contribute an extra visible knowledge of the preparation of polymers and polymer composites combined with ionic liquids and their flammability properties. In summary, certain types of ionic liquids can decrease the flammability properties of polymers and increase the flame retardancy of polymer composites.

RésuméLes avortements à risque constituent une problématique majeure de santé publique, responsable de la mortalité et de la morbidité maternelles et absorbant les ressources des systèmes de santé publique à l’échelle mondiale. Malgré l’ampleur très probable du problème de l’avortement non sécurisé au Maroc, peu de données sont accessibles sur cette question. Cette recherche vise à analyser la situation de l’avortement du point de vue des femmes et des professionnels de santé dans la préfecture d’Agadir Idaoutanane au Sud du Maroc. Nous avons conduit une étude transversale mixte. De janvier à septembre 2018, 266 femmes ont été recrutées pour répondre à un questionnaire, et 45 entretiens avec les femmes et les professionnels de la santé impliqués dans la santé sexuelle et reproductive (SSR) ont été menés. Nous avons procédé à une analyse descriptive des données quantitatives et à une analyse de contenu thématique des données recueillies par les entretiens individuels. Les résultats de l’étude révèlent que les avortements sont la conjugaison de plusieurs facteurs multidimensionnels. Le manque d’informations en SSR et l’échec de la contraception sont les facteurs majeurs de grossesses non désirées. L’avortement provoqué est un sujet tabou, fortement stigmatisant, portant à l’image sociale de la personne. L’accessibilité aux services d’avortement est marquée de grandes disparités et de trajectoires différentes. Cette étude apporte une contribution à l’analyse du phénomène de l’avortement au Maroc et appelle à une action politique urgente sur plusieurs niveaux: l’accès aux programmes d’éducation sexuelle et à la contraception appropriée, l’élargissement des indications d’avortement préconisées dans le projet de loi, la mise en place des stratégies de lutte contre la stigmatisation de l’avortement par les professionnels de santé et l’accès à des soins post-avortement de haute qualité.

Three-dimensional sand printing (3DSP) is widely applied in sand mold fabrication. In this study, the effects of printing parameters including the resolution of printehead holes, activator content, layer thickness, and recoating speed on the tensile and bending strengths, gas evolution, and loss-on-ignition (LOI) of 3DSP samples were investigated by changing single parameter, and the dimension deviation was also measured. As the resolution increases, the tensile strength, bending strength, gas evolution, LOI, and deviations at X- and Y-axis directions decrease gradually while the deviation at Z-axis direction firstly increases and then deceases. The gas evolution and LOI drops by 13.02% and 8.13% respectively, but the strength only reduces by 2.2% when the resolution increases from 0.08 mm to 0.09 mm. The strengths of samples rise at first and then decline while the gas evolution and LOI rise gradually with the increasing activator content or recoating speed. The activator content is found to have little effect on the gas evolution as the activator increases from 0.14% to 0.34%, the gas evolution is increased by 7.3% which is far less than the LOI increment of 24.1%. As the layer thickness increases, the tensile and bending strengths firstly rise and then drop while gas evolution and LOI descend. Under the optimal printing parameters of 0.09 mm resolution, 0.18% activator, 0.28 mm layer thickness and 160 mm⋅s-1 recoating speed, the tensile strengths for X-sample and Y-sample are 1.48 MPa and 1.37 MPa, the bending strengths are 1.84 MPa and 1.75 MPa, the gas evolution and LOI are 9.62 mL⋅g-1 and 1.92%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Anthropology / Anthropologie Sociale is the property of Berghahn Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Anthropology / Anthropologie Sociale is the property of Berghahn Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En droit congolais, un décret ne peut pas modifier une loi parce que la loi est supérieure au décret dans la hiérarchie des sources formelles de droit public. Cependant, il existe un cas expressément prévu par la Constitution en vigueur où cela est possible.

L’importance des établissements de crédit dans un pays comme la RDC se ressent à tous les niveaux. L’absence de la bourse et autres mécanismes de financement de l’économie qui y sont rattachés rend ainsi la banque principale, source de financement des activités économiques. Ceci nécessite qu’un intérêt particulier y soit accordé et que le législateur s’assure d’avoir édicté des règles claires, qui ne mettent pas en difficulté la réalisation des opérations de banque. En effet, la loi n°003/2002 du 02 février 2022 répondait, en grande partie, à cet impératif, à travers toutes les innovations qu’elle avait apportées par apport à l’ordonnance-loi n°72-004 du 14 janvier 1972 relative à la protection de l’épargne et au contrôle des intermédiaires financiers. Cependant, elle n’était pas exempte de lacunes. Cette étude a eu le mérite de faire l’inventaire de grandes lacunes comprises dans la loi sous étude, ainsi que l’obsolescence de certaines de ses dispositions avec l’évolution que les affaires ont connue, tant dans le monde qu’en RDC. Ce qui a conduit à l’adoption de la loi n°22/069 du 27 décembre 2022 relative à l’activité et au contrôle des établissements de crédit. Aussi, dans la mesure où cette dernière loi n’a pas pu combler toutes les failles, il a aussi été question dans cet article de rechercher des solutions qui puissent les compenser et perfectionner la législation bancaire congolaise, de manière à atteindre le niveau de développement économique souhaité. Dans son premier chapitre, elle parle du contexte de l’avènement de la loi n°003/2002 du 02 février 2002 et, dans son second, elle passe en revue les imperfections de cette loi tout en y apportant des solutions correspondantes, dont certaines ont été prises en compte par la nouvelle loi bancaire.

L’énigme de la mort n’épargne point le juriste. En se demandant si le corps humain est la personne ou seulement une chose à son service. Au-delà de ce questionnement, nous avons porté notre réflexion sur la manière de protection de la dépouille mortelle, du cadavre. Le constat est que la législation congolaise en cette matière est vieillotte et lacunaire, en ce que l’institution est encore régie par les textes inadaptés datant dans sa majorité de l’époque coloniale et qu’elle ne répond plus aux critères culturel et démographique y afférents.

Le mineur et le droit pénal reste est une question qui divise plus d’une personne en RDC. La grande question est de savoir si l’enfant peut ou non répondre pénalement au regard de la législation en vigueur. A n’en point douter, la loi portant protection de l’enfant ne donne pas une réponse, fait plutôt une série d’éléments à même d‘assoir et nourrir des confusions dans l’univers doctrinal congolais. Cet article met dès lors en exergue ces préoccupations combien pertinentes touchant particulièrement à la véritable nature juridique des mesures applicables à l’enfant. Toutefois, il démontre à suffisance les coquilles de la loi portant protection de l’enfant et formule, au-delà des recommandations d’ordre pratiques et administratif, un plaidoyer en faveur d’une révision de cette loi pour mieux asseoir le régime pénal, mieux le statut pénal de l’enfant en droit congolais.

The southern slope of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar in northeastern Libya is a model for the desertification process, as it witnesses a sharp deterioration due to the prevailing climatic conditions and irrational human activities. We conducted the present research in the rangeland of southern Al-Jabal Al –Akhdar to investigate the effects of annual precipitation gradient on landscape function and soil surface condition. The study area was divided into three levels of annual precipitation (high, medium, and low precipitation). We randomly selected 10 sites for each precipitation level. Three line transects were taken for each site. Landscape Function Analysis methodology (LFA) was applied to assess soil surface condition. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was also used. The results showed the significant effect of annual precipitation on all the soil surface condition indices. The highest SSI was at the high level with a mean of 49.8% and the lowest was at the medium level with an average of 44.6%, with a highly significant difference (P=0.000). The WII was low in all the precipitation levels, and highly significant differences were found; the same results could apply to NCI. LOIs of the three levels were reasonably close (0.063, 0.042, and 0.058) without any significant differences. A decrease was observed in PN with the direction to the south. The results revealed that landscape functioning in the study area was significantly different from the impact of rainfall. It is necessary to develop different plans for each area according to its climatic conditions in order to combat erosion and conserve soil, as an essential natural resource.

La délicate fonction confiée au juge administratif comme juge électoral, se révèle à double tranchant. La réussite du contentieux électorale présuppose une justice électorale de qualité, de nature à assurer la sincérité du scrutin. La qualité du contenu de la production jurisprudentielle en matière électorale peut aider ou non à l’enracinement de l’État de droit et la création d’un climat favorable à la paix sociale. Qui plus est, l’un des éléments de la qualité de la justice est de veiller à l’adéquation de la production jurisprudentielle avec le contexte sociopolitique qu’il s’agit de réguler. L’étude s’intéresse à l’étendue des pouvoirs du juge administratif comme juge électoral et aux enjeux qu’il représente en RDC où les élections sont souvent très disputées et les résultats officiels habituellement contestés.

Health hazards and environmental pollution are major concerns in present world. So, it is high time to think about ecofriendly and sustainable production. In this study, pumpkin juice has been used as an ecofriendly flame retardant finish to enhance the functionality of cotton twill fabric. The pumpkin juice extracted from the fresh pumpkin without any chemicals. The cotton fabric was treated with pumpkin juice in exhaust method. The treated and untreated samples were characterized by TGA, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The flame-retardant property of the samples were evaluated based on the LOI and vertical flame tester. The result demonstrated that the treated samples exhibited high fire-retardant properties after being finished with pumpkin juice. The LOI value of the treated samples increased to 29 from 19 after treatment. The main reason behind the increased flammability is the dehydration of pumpkin juice-treated fabric which was clarified from the TG analysis. Moreover, the FTIR, SEM, and EDX report ensured the presence of bound and unbound water molecules, different salt, and several atoms in the samples treated with pumpkin juice that enhanced the protection against the spreading of the fire and thus improved fire-retardant properties of the treated samples.

Introduction: access to abortion is restrictive in Cameroon. The legislation authorizes the act in two cases: when the pregnancy results from a rape or when it puts the pregnant woman at serious risk for her health. Abortion outside this legal framework is considered illegal. This article identifies and analyses the opinions of women living in the capital Yaounde, on national legal provisions relating to abortion. Methods: thirty-five (35) semi-structured interviews were conducted in Yaounde with women aged 19 to 40. Study participants recruited from consultations (family planning or maternal and child health service) contributed to the selection of other respondents using the snowball method. The data collected were the subject of a thematic analysis of content. Results: more than half of those surveyed are against decriminalization. The transgressive dimension associated with abortion constitutes the main argument supporting the refusal of a possible relaxation of the legislation. The reason for health security is advanced in the opinions encouraging decriminalization. The difficulty of positioning oneself or the participants silence is an illustration of the sensitive nature of the subject of abortion. Conclusion: abortion in its essence carries tensions emanating from interactions between institutional logics, social group norms and individual aspirations. The polarization of debates is a brake on the examination of the issue of decriminalization from a multidimensional perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potentialities of the use of the UAV survey as a base for the generation of the context mesh are illustrated through the experiments on the case study, the Crotone Fortress, proposing a systematic general methodology and two procedural workflows for the importation of the triangulated model, maintaining its real geographical coordinates, in the Autodesk Revit environment through a Dynamo Visual Programming script [VPL]. First, the texturisation of the mesh of the urban context was experimented with, using the real-sized photogrammetric orthoimage as Revit material; therefore, the reproduction of the discretised detailed areas of the urban context was tested. They were imported via Dynamo by reading the coordinates of the vertices of every single face that constitutes the triangulated model and associating to each of them the corresponding real colorimetric data. Starting from the georeferenced context of the photogrammetric mesh, nine federated BIM models were produced: the general context models, the detailed models and the architectural model of the fortress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southern slope of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar in northeastern Libya is a model for the desertification process, as it witnesses a sharp deterioration due to the prevailing climatic conditions and irrational human activities. We conducted the present research in the rangeland of southern Al-Jabal Al -Akhdar to investigate the effects of annual precipitation gradient on landscape function and soil surface condition. The study area was divided into three levels of annual precipitation (high, medium, and low precipitation). We randomly selected 10 sites for each precipitation level. Three line transects were taken for each site. Landscape Function Analysis methodology (LFA) was applied to assess soil surface condition. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was also used. The results showed the significant effect of annual precipitation on all the soil surface condition indices. The highest SSI was at the high level with a mean of 49.8% and the lowest was at the medium level with an average of 44.6%, with a highly significant difference (P=0.000). The WII was low in all the precipitation levels, and highly significant differences were found; the same results could apply to NCI. LOIs of the three levels were reasonably close (0.063, 0.042, and 0.058) without any significant differences. A decrease was observed in PN with the direction to the south. The results revealed that landscape functioning in the study area was significantly different from the impact of rainfall. It is necessary to develop different plans for each area according to its climatic conditions in order to combat erosion and conserve soil, as an essential natural resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new aromatic diacid (II) was synthesized and Characterized by Spectroscopic techniques namely, FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, etc. A series of aromatic aliphatic polyamides containing phenoxy s-triazine ring with methylene spacer group was synthesized from diacid (II) and various aromatic diamines by using Yamazaki Phosphorylation method. These polyamides were obtained in good yields and characterized by solubility in common organic solvent, inherent viscosity, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction analysis. All of these polyamides were found to be amorphous in morphology as indicated by XRD to posses outstanding solubilities, and to be easily dissolved in amide-type polar aprotic polar solvents. Polyamides with moderate inherent viscosity in the range 0.21 to 0.41 dL/g in N,N,dimethyl formamide solvent (DMF) at 30 ± 0.1° C. The Thermal properties of the polyamides were evaluated by Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential scanning calorimetery. These polymer shows good thermal stability with glass transition temperature (Tg) of 143–223°C and their (Tmax) weight loss temperature were around 426–455°C, confirming their good thermal stability. The char yields of these polymers were given their limiting oxygen index LOI 32.3 to 37.5 5% values of polyamides; indicate these polymers also show good flame resistance. The NPs were negatively charged with a zeta potential of −24.2 to −37.9 mV indicating a good colloidal stability against aggregation.

Nous avons récemment réalisé une enquête postale panquébécoise pour connaître les attitudes de divers groupes face à l’idée d’étendre l’aide médicale à mourir (AMM) à des personnes en situation d’inaptitude. Nous présentons ici les résultats d’analyses qualitatives des commentaires laissés par les répondants à la fin du questionnaire. Celui-ci avait été posté à quatre groupes cibles : des aînés de 65 ans ou plus (n=621), des proches aidants de personnes atteintes d’un trouble neurocognitif majeur (n=471), des infirmières (n=514) et des médecins (n=653) qui prenaient soin de tels patients au moment de l’enquête. Des 1 050 questionnaires retournés, 420 incluent des commentaires. Ces commentaires ont été codés en rubriques, thèmes et sous-thèmes, et la fréquence des rubriques comparée entre les quatre groupes cibles. Le codage a permis d’identifier 23 thèmes et cinq sous-thèmes que nous avons regroupés en sept rubriques principales : 1) le répondant, 2) l’enquête et son questionnaire, 3) les personnes visées par l’extension, 4) leur proches, 5) le système de santé, 6) le cadre législatif qui balise les soins en fin de vie, et 7) la société en général. Ces rubriques ont été repérées dans les quatre groupes cibles, bien qu’à des fréquences différentes pour cinq d’entre elles. La présente étude met ainsi en lumière une panoplie de facteurs susceptibles d’influencer les attitudes face à l’extension de l’AMM aux personnes inaptes. Elle illustre par ailleurs la valeur ajoutée de soumettre des commentaires à une analyse systématique pour mieux comprendre les résultats d’une enquête postale.

The potentialities of the use of the UAV survey as a base for the generation of the context mesh are illustrated through the experiments on the case study, the Crotone Fortress, proposing a systematic general methodology and two procedural workflows for the importation of the triangulated model, maintaining its real geographical coordinates, in the Autodesk Revit environment through a Dynamo Visual Programming script [VPL]. First, the texturisation of the mesh of the urban context was experimented with, using the real-sized photogrammetric orthoimage as Revit material; therefore, the reproduction of the discretised detailed areas of the urban context was tested. They were imported via Dynamo by reading the coordinates of the vertices of every single face that constitutes the triangulated model and associating to each of them the corresponding real colorimetric data. Starting from the georeferenced context of the photogrammetric mesh, nine federated BIM models were produced: the general context models, the detailed models and the architectural model of the fortress.

We recently conducted a Quebec-wide postal survey designed to assess major stakeholders' attitudes toward extending medical assistance in dying (MAiD) to non-competent patients with dementia. This paper reports the results of qualitative analyses of the comments left by the respondents at the end of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was mailed to randomly selected representatives of four stakeholder groups: adults 65 years old and over (n=621), informal caregivers of persons with dementia (n=471), nurses (n=514) and physicians (n=653) caring for such patients at the time of the survey. A total of 1,050 questionnaires were returned, of which 420 included comments. Comments were coded into categories, themes and subthemes, and the frequency of categories compared across the four stakeholder groups. Coding enabled identification of 23 themes and five sub-themes clustered into seven major thematic categories. These relate to: 1) the respondent, 2) the survey and questionnaire, 3) persons with dementia, 4) their informal caregivers, 5) the healthcare system, 6) the legal framework governing end-of-life care, and 7) society in general. These categories were identified in all stakeholder groups, although to a varying degree for five of the seven categories. This study highlights the host of factors that may influence a person's attitude toward extending MAiD to non-competent patients with dementia. It also illustrates how making systematic use of freetext comments can provide valuable insight into attitudes toward complex social policy issues and extend understanding of postal survey findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the justifications for Kenya's pioneering 2016 legislation to protect the interests of communities in their traditional knowledge. Drawing on parliamentary, governmental and media sources, it argues that law reform was underpinned by political concerns about the exploitation of valuable resources by foreign concerns. This problematization of traditional knowledge in terms of national sovereignty and development defines the scope of the legislation and leads to a number of important shortcomings and contradictions. It puts the nation state at the heart of the legal regime, limiting enforcement to the national territory and giving authorities ultimate the power to override community decisions. While the legislation should be adjusted to address these issues, we also suggest that communities should pursue non-legal alternatives, including the encouragement of ethical commercial conduct through media campaigns and licensing agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of new coating for bagasse paper. Studying mechanical, ignition properties. • Study the physical and mechanical properties of these bagasse papers compared to untreated. • The enhanced ignition properties was studied. This paper aimed to modify the ignitability of the bagasse paper by using talc powder, 1,3-di-aniline-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane, and nanocellulose crystal. The formation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was detected using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal analysis as thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the specimens recorded the improvement of the highest % of ash residue at 750 °C compared to the untreated one. The shape of the flame spread was studied. The ignition properties were studied for the untreated and treated specimens by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and flame chamber (UL/94), which recorded enhancing compared to the untreated specimen. This improvement was recorded either by measuring the mechanical properties (tensile strength, burst strength, elongation, and elasticity) of the specimens. The current article showed that the treated specimen was recorded the highest values compared to the untreated one in all physical, mechanical, and ignition properties, so these treatment paper sheets may be used as fire-retardant packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text discusses Sade's legal and political thinking, conceiving it from the perspective of the politics of the worst, to the detriment of the moralistic Sade defended by Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer. In the view of François Ost, Sade sees the law in terms of “personal constitution”, of “law of exception”, of individual sovereignty. The radical criticism of the order established in the work by Sade does not, therefore, lead to the establishment of a new order, better in general terms, but to one in which the law is not reformed but counterfeited, and this counterfeit constitutes an imperfection. (Prepared by Dieter Axt)

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scrap metal theft and collection has captured the attention of criminology and criminal justice scholars. Mainstream criminological research on scrap metal theft is focused on opportunity theory, arguing that theft can be reduced through stringent regulation of buying and selling by salvage yards. Alternatively, cultural criminology has examined the issue in ethnographic research exploring dumpster diving and scrounging. Additional conceptual tools are needed to analyze regulation of urban metal collecting, which leads us outside of criminology. The present study draws from urban studies and socio-legal studies to conduct a case study of the policing and regulation of scrap metal theft in Winnipeg, Canada. Using multiple methods including interviews, observations, analysis of news media and municipal regulations, we examine how scrap metal collection and processing is regulated in the city. We found four layers of regulation and law: federal, provincial, municipal laws, and what we refer to as the law of the lane. Our analysis contributes to literature on urban scrap and metal collecting and well as socio-legal literature on urban forms of regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The chemical properties of willow were studied following liquid hot water pretreatment. Three different temperatures of liquid hot water pretreatment were used (160, 180, and 200 °C) for periods of 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. The contents of extractives, lignin, holocellulose, glucose, and xylose was determined. Compared with the original sample, the results indicated that lignin and extractives content increased after pretreatment. Further, the content of xylose decreased significantly with increasing pretreatment time for all three temperatures. The highest glucose content was obtained under the conditions of 180 °C for 240 min. In addition, a significant correlation was found between the content of xylose in the solid fraction and the severity factor of treatment. To determine the changes in cellulose crystallinity, the total crystallinity index (TCI) and the lateral order index (LOI) were calculated from the Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy spectra of cellulose. An increase in both of these structural characteristics was observed at all experimental temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to study the conception of culture and society derived from the invention of the unconscious and its consequences on the issue of satisfaction. Freud’s myth about the origin of culture, society, law, and moral responds to this problem. It is Jacques Lacan who has recalled and reformulated it from the introduction of a new term in psychoanalysis: the enjoyment (jouissance). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Droit et Cultures is the property of Revue Droit et Cultures - Universite Paris Nanterre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Al-Salam Lagoon is one of the recreational sites along the Jeddah coast, showing the environmental impacts of urbanization along the coast. A sediment core (220 cm) was collected from the intertidal zone to evaluate the heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) and geochemical indices (contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, and pollution load index). In the organ-ic-rich muddy sediments (0–100 cm), there is a high metals content and a pollution load index of ~3, indicting anthropogenic impacts with high Cu contamination (CF:12) and moderate Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb contamination (CF: geo trends indicate a common pollutant source and pollution load variations over time. In the sediment section (70–40 cm), a high organic matter, metal concentration, CF, Igeo, and PLI value (≥5) suggest an uncontrolled pollution load. The decreased and stable trends of environmental indicators toward surface sediments suggest measures taken to control the pollution along the Jeddah coast. Below 110 cm, the carbonate-rich sediments have low organic matter and metals, showing an unpolluted depositional environment. The negative geo-accumulation index implies a geogenic source and indicates no anthropogenic impacts as inferred from low (~1.0) CF and PLI.

Le traitement, l’exploitation et la préservation des zones humides sont encadrés par la loi depuis la fin du XVIe siècle. Si elles ont bénéficié dans un premier temps d'outils juridiques applicables à tous types de milieux, de nouveaux outils qui leurs sont spécifiques se développent peu à peu, notamment pour leur protection. Quels sont ces outils ? Quelle est leur efficacité et quelles sont leurs limites ?

Les projets de restauration des milieux humides sont soumis à diverses procédures qui permettent d’assurer la prise en compte de leurs impacts, la participation du public et la sécurisation des opérations sur le plan foncier. Une analyse de ces mécanismes réglementaires, notamment dans le cadre de la loi sur l'eau, peut s'avérer très utile aux gestionnaires confrontés aux enjeux d'une gestion équilibrée et durable de la ressource en eau.

A relationship among total organic carbon content determined by ignition loss (LOI) and DUMAS combustion methods, were perfomed in evergreen Andean eyebrow forest soils, southwestern zone of Sangay National Park- Ecuador, where three conglomerates were established as follows: (C) with five plots (P) with plots of 20 x 20 m. In each plot, five digging trenches and four soil samples were carried out at different depths: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and> 30 cm, respectively. It is observed that the amount of total organic carbon obtained by the DUMAS and LOI method (R2 = 0.99) does not differ significantly. However, the DUMAS total organic carbon determination methodology showed greater precision with regard to LOI, thus becoming a good alternative to be used as a reference method. In addition, the operability in the laboratory is reflected in the reduction of time and optimization of the human resource. The correlation level shows a low level of significance among these methods, the variation is greater in the DUMAS method (3.38%), due to the analyzed volumes of the samples and the auxiliary equipment level of precision.

Two novel phosphorus-containing copolyesters were synthesized by direct polycondensation reaction of phenyl dichlorophosphate, 1,4-succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol using stannous chloride (SnCl 2) and 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid as catalyst, and its chemical structures were identified by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonances (1H and 31P NMR). The resulting phosphorus-containing poly(butylene succinate) (PPBS) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscope (POM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PPBS can be as a flame retardant for commercial poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). A series of flame retardant composite materials were produced by melt-blending of PBS and PPBS. The comprehensive flame retardant property of composite materials was evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI). While 20 wt % of PPBS was added into PBS resin, good flame retardant properties could be obtained. Composite materials can have much better flame retardancy (LOI = 30) than neat PBS resin. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the weight loss of PBS was decreased by the introduction of PPBS. In addition, possible flame retardancy mechanism of PPBS in composite materials was analyzed by SEM photos of char residue. • Two novel phosphorus-containing copolyesters (PPBS) were synthesized. • PPBS could improve the flame retardant properties of PBS resin. • The existence of PDCP unit did not change the crystal structure of PBS. • A cross-linked solid or carbonized layer could be produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Critical Hermeneutics: Biannual Journal of Philosophy is the property of Universita degli Studi di Cagliari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)