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Background Sufficient low temperature accumulation is the key strategy to break bud dormancy and promote subsequent flowering in tree peony anti-season culturing production. Exogenous gibberellins (GAs) could partially replace chilling to accelerate dormancy release, and different kinds of GAs showed inconsistent effects in various plants. To understand the effects of exogenous GA3 and GA4 on dormancy release and subsequent growth, the morphological changes were observed after exogenous GAs applications, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the contents of endogenous phytohormones, starch and sugar were measured, respectively. Results Morphological observation and photosynthesis measurements indicated that both GA3 and GA4 applications accelerated bud dormancy release, but GA3 feeding induced faster bud burst, higher shoot and more flowers per plant. Full-length transcriptome of dormant bud was used as the reference genome. Totally 124 110 459, 124 015 148 and 126 239 836 reads by illumina transcriptome sequencing were obtained in mock, GA3 and GA4 groups, respectively. Compared with the mock, there were 879 DEGs and 2 595 DEGs in GA3 and GA4 group, 1 179 DEGs in GA3 vs GA4, and 849 DEGs were common in these comparison groups. The significant enrichment KEGG pathways of 849 DEGs highlighted plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, cell cycle, DNA replication, etc. Interestingly, the contents of endogenous GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7 and IAA significantly increased, ABA decreased after GA3 and GA4 treatments by LC–MS/MS. Additionally, the soluble glucose, fructose and trehalose increased after exogenous GAs applications. Compared to GA4 treatment, GA3 induced higher GA1, GA3 and IAA level, more starch degradation to generate more monosaccharide for use, and promoted cell cycle and photosynthesis. Higher expression levels of dormancy-related genes, TFL, FT, EBB1, EBB3 and CYCD, and lower of SVP by GA3 treatment implied more efficiency of GA3. Conclusions Exogenous GA3 and GA4 significantly accelerated bud dormancy release and subsequent growth by increasing the contents of endogenous bioactive GAs, IAA, and soluble glucose such as fructose and trehalose, and accelerated cell cycle process, accompanied by decreasing ABA contents. GA3 was superior to GA4 in tree peony forcing culture, which might because tree peony was more sensitive to GA3 than GA4, and GA3 had a more effective ability to induce cell division and starch hydrolysis. These results provided the value data for understanding the mechanism of dormancy release in tree peony.

Using severe accident analysis program MELCOR, the small break loss of coolant accident (SBLOCA) analysis model was established for a marine reactor. The release and migration of radionuclides were analyzed during a severe accident induced by SBLOCA. The analysis of the hydrogen source term release showed that the maximum hydrogen release amount was 248.567 kg, and the hydrogen release amount accounted for less than 4% of the air volume. So, there would be no danger of hydrogen explosion accidents. The research mainly focused on the behaviors of the release, the transport, the retention, and the final distribution of inert gases represented by Xe, volatile gases represented by CsI, and nonvolatile nuclides represented by Ba. The results showed that the reactor core exposed completely with a lagging by 510 s and the initial release time of nuclides was lagged by 1916 s. The release shares of Xe in the primary circuit system, the containment, and the environment were 0.013%, 0.06%, and 32.71%, respectively. Also, Ba shared 0.016%, 0.0032%, and 3.28%, respectively, and CsI shared 0.0145%, 0.0012%, and 2.845%, respectively.

The GPS-type broadcast ephemerides are currently used by BDS constellation. However, a 5°-rotation added on the original orbital inclination is needed in the GEOs ephemeris parameters fitting algorithm as well as in the user satellite position computation because of the singularity due to small inclination. Besides, the phenomena of exceeding the given boundary happen occasionally for some ephemeris parameters of GEOs. In order to unify the user ephemerides algorithm for the hybrid constellation, a two-step GEO broadcast ephemerides fitting algorithm was analyzed based on the first class nonsingular orbital elements. After the investigation on the reason for the variations of some ephemeris parameters out of limited range, a reduced fitting parameter set was adopted by giving the underlying one or two parameters with fixed values. Fit simulations for 5 GEOs during both eclipsing and non-eclipsing periods show that the two-step fitting algorithm has considerable robustness to ensure the success rate and fitting accuracy. The mean fitting user range error of GEOs with 2 h for NAV and 3 h data set for CNAV are better than 3 mm. For specific fit arcs with the boundary-exceeding problem, it can be fully avoided by using the fitting algorithm with a reduced fitting parameter set. However, the fitting URE will increase to 2 cm.

The satellite shadow parameters can be numerically calculated with high accuracy from the positions of the sun, the earth and the specific satellite. Unfortunately, it is difficult for the numerical calculation to give a general profile of the variations and distributions of these parameters for some certain types of orbital spacecraft. A satellite shadow model was presented based on the spatial view at the altitude of the satellite and the correlative geometry amongst the sun, the earth and the satellite. Firstly, the size and location of the satellite shadow were determined by the semi-major axis of the satellite orbit and the annual motion of the apparent sun, respectively. Secondly, the computing formulae of the satellite shadow parameters were derived, together with the correction formulae for the long-term prediction of the parameters due to oblateness perturbation, etc. Examinations on the three types of orbits for the BeiDou navigation constellation show that the proposed satellite shadow model and its shadow parameters computing formulae can provide a prompt profile of the eclipse parameters for the medium-high altitude circular orbit satellites.

A set of reliable LEO (low earth orbit) broadcast ephemerides is required to be designed specifically if LEOs, with current GEOs, are also utilized as navigation augmentation satellites. The classical nine state parameters-based GLONASS-type broadcast ephemerides model can only represent precisely the 30-minute orbital motions of the medium and high earth orbiters. To directly deal with LEOs, a modified 21-parameter broadcast ephemerides model is proposed. First, the short-term variations of the main perturbation forces of LEOs are analyzed. Then a set of simple quadratic polynomials and harmonic functions is adopted to compensate mathematically atmospheric drag perturbation and other effects. A thoroughly simulation for the LEOs of altitude 500~1200 km is given to demonstrate the impact of the numbers of ephemerides parameters, the length of the fitting arcs and the sample rates on the fitting precision. The results of 20-minute fitting arc (approximately 1/5 of orbital period) show that the average RMS of the fitting user range error (FURE) is less than 0.05 m for LEOs higher than 700 km and within 0.03 m for LEOs of altitude 1000 km.

In the field of transportation, many of the vehicle amount of raw data value which can be accompanied by a large number of unknown information, and these information can provide people with more help. This paper aimed at the master data, and by using the method of survey of data modeling and prediction. First this paper introduces the data survey methods and the characteristics of the model, and then applied to the vehicles recognition judgment in their ability to recognize and to compare the analysis. The conclusion by principal component analysis and discriminant analysis method bus and van in four categories, the two on the training set and testing set of identification is quite high (high purity), so the four classified into two categories, the key to deal with opel (has been) and class and Po (saab) class. After the processing of raw data, and finally compares the model results.