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Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment for oral mucositis induced by low-dose methotrexate and to provide a reference for clinicians. Methods A case of severe chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis caused by short-term use of low-dose methotrexate (the maximum cumulative dose within 1 week) was reported and reviewed in combination with the literature. Results The patient was treated with low-dose methotrexate (2.5 mg orally every other day at weeks 1, 2, and 4; the third week, 2.5 mg each time for 3 consecutive days for twice, with a maximum cumulativedose of 15 mg within a week). After irregular medication for approximately three weeks, the patient gradually developed severe erosion of the lips, pain, difficulty eating, and skin erosion on both legs. Methotrexate was stopped after admission, and local symptomatic treatments such as Kangfuxin solution were given. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used systemically when combined with neutropenia. After treatment, the chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and skin lesions were improved. A literature review shows that chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is a toxic reaction to high-dose methotrexate, while cases of severe chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis caused by low-dose methotrexate are rare. Studies have found that the more risk factors patients have, such as poor local oral conditions and systemic diseases such as liver and kidney dysfunction and diabetes, the higher the risk of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Clinicians should cooperate with dentists to address oral diseases as much as possible before using chemotherapy drugs. In addition, when ordering patients to take methotrexate, we should pay attention to the patient's general condition and susceptibility factors, standardize the frequency and dose of administration, adopt personalized treatment plans, and give patients detailed medication education to prevent the occurrence of adverse consequences caused by medication errors. If methotrexate poisoning occurs, the drug should be stopped in time, detoxification and active symptomatic and supportive treatment should be given. Basic oral care, cryotherapy, laser therapy, nutritional support and analgesic drugs are common treatments for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Systemic administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may be considered when accompanied by neutropenia. Conclusion It is necessary to be alert to the occurrence of severe chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis caused by low-dose methotrexate in clinical practice.

Prostate cancer (PCa) patients who progress to metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) mostly have poor outcomes due to the lack of effective therapies. Our recent study established the orphan nuclear receptor RORγ as a novel therapeutic target for CRPC. Here, we reveal that elaiophylin (Elai), an antibiotic from Actinomycete streptomyces, is a novel RORγ antagonist and showed potent antitumor activity against CRPC in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that Elai selectively binded to RORγ protein and potently blocked RORγ transcriptional regulation activities. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that Elai occupied the binding pocket with several key interactions. Furthermore, Elai markedly reduced the recruitment of RORγ to its genomic DNA response element (RORE), suppressed the expression of RORγ target genes AR and AR variants, and significantly inhibited PCa cell growth. Importantly, Elai strongly suppressed tumor growth in both cell line based and patient-derived PCa xenograft models. Taken together, these results suggest that Elai is novel therapeutic RORγ inhibitor that can be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of human CRPC.

The vehicular cloud (VC) formed by vehicles is used for localization processing and consumption of traffic sensing data to achieve timely intelligent traffic management.The vehicle cloud is highly dynamic, self-organizing and timely, in which the identity and location privacy of vehicle users need to be protected as this poses challenges to the vehicular cloud management.A dynamic and self-organizing vehicle cloud management scheme based on the asymmetric group key agreement protocol was designed, where the vehicle cloud is automatically formed through the self-organized group key agreement of vehicles.The group key was used to control the provision and access of vehicle cloud services, and the dynamic management of the vehicle cloud was implemented through group key update.The scheme used traceable one-time pseudonym technology to achieve anonymous authentication and conditional privacy protection of vehicle users, and the group key agreement stage only included one bilinear pair operation to achieve high efficiency.In addition, the key negotiation and update process used lightweight signatures, supporting batch verification, to achieve efficient message source authentication and integrity authentication.Then the security and efficiency of vehicle cloud communications in the self-organizing environment can be ensured.The dynamic key update mechanism of the key agreement protocol realized the dynamic joining or exiting of vehicles in the vehicle cloud, adapting to the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle cloud.Under the random oracle model and the difficult assumption of the inverse computational Diffie Hellman (ICDH) problem, it was proved that the asymmetric group key agreement scheme satisfied the selective-plaintext security.The security analysis shows that the scheme can protect the identity and location privacy of vehicle users, realize the legal tracking of malicious vehicles, and ensure the confidentiality, integrity and anti-counterfeiting of communications, as well as the forward security of vehicle cloud dynamic management.The performance comparison analysis shows that this scheme has certain advantages in communication and computing efficiency under the condition of the same function and security level.

In view of the problems of PANI adsorbent loss and difficulty in recycling, polyaniline (PANI) /polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites prepared by in-situ chemical oxidation polymerization and its morphology and structure were characterized. The adsorption properties and adsorption mechanisms of PANI/PVA composites on methylene blue (MB) under different conditions and the regenerative properties of the adsorbent were analyzed. The results showed that: the optimum effective dosage of PANI/PVA composites to adsorb MB was 1.19 g/L, and the adsorption removal rate was above 80% at pH=9~13, and the adsorption equilibrium time was only 60 minutes. The adsorption process of MB by PANI/PVA composites conformed to the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model, which indicated that the adsorption process was single-layer chemical adsorption, and the maximum effective adsorption of fitting is 352.2 mg/g; PANI/PVA composites still have good adsorption properties after 5 cycles of regeneration experiments.

In order to research the treatment effect of integrated process on printing and dyeing wastewater, the AMC/UASB-PBG/MBBR biochemical process was used to treat printing and dyeing wastewater (COD 2 300~3 500 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 12~25 mg/L, chromaticity 256~512 times) from a factory in Xianyang, and the effect of PANI/PVA adsorbent on the treatment of ammonia nitrogen and chromaticity in the effluent of the biochemical process was studied. The results show that the wastewater COD removal rate reached 80%, the chromaticity decreased from 256 to 64 times, and the effluent ammonia nitrogen mass concentration was 9.2 mg/L; the ammonia nitrogen mass concentration decreased to 5.7 mg/L and the chromaticity decreased from 64 to 16 times after the biochemical process effluent was treated with the homemade adsorbent; SEM revealed that the surface of mature AMC anaerobic granular sludge mainly aggregated cocci, bacilli and filamentous bacteria, and the surface and interior of PBG aerobic carrier were enriched with a large number of filamentous bacteria and cocci. The two biological carriers had good microbial enrichment ability, which could effectively improve the degradation capacity of the system organic matter. The optical microscope revealed the proesence of mircoorganisms such as rotifers and paramecium in the PBG carrier biofilm, and a long food chain was formed. After 42 d of actural operation in production, the AMC/UASB-PBG/MBBR biochemical process combined with PANI/PVA adsorbent has a good treatment effect.