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6. Observations on facilitation and IOR in the Posner paradigm

Author

Liu, Xuhong

Subjects
153.7, BF Psychology
Abstract

In the Posner paradigm (Posner & Cohen, 1984), participants respond to a visual target preceded by a peripheral cue, either for a short or long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), and either at the same or a different location (Validity). Participants respond more quickly to targets when the target is cued by a stimulus at the same location for short SOAs (facilitation). This effect reverses for longer SOAs (Inhibition of Return, IOR). Previous research reported that the magnitude of facilitation and IOR was affected by physical characteristics of the cues (e.g., Lambert & Hockey, 1991; Pratt, Hillis, & Gold, 2001) and the targets (e.g., Reuter-Lorenz, Jha, & Rosenquist, 1996) in the COVAT paradigm. This thesis investigated the effect of physical characteristics of cues and targets and double cueing on facilitation and IOR. Exp. 1 aimed to examine the cue-target discriminability by manipulating the novelty of cues and targets. I found IOR but no facilitation. In addition, the cue-target discriminability did not affect the IOR, which was in line with the conclusion suggested by Pratt and colleagues (2001). In Exp. 2 I examined the effect of presenting onset and offset cues on facilitation and/ or IOR in different sequences of appearing and disappearing cues, labelled on-off and off-on cues. For on-off cueing, I found IOR but no facilitation. For off-on cueing, I found facilitation and no IOR for off-on cueing. This suggests that compared to on-off cues, off-on cues work more effectively in terms of capturing attention and that off-on cues can eliminate the otherwise robust IOR effect. In addition, for short SOA, the cue delayed the target detection for on-off cues but not for on-off cues. In Exp. 3A I examined the effects of the cue and target size on facilitation and IOR. IOR was found for both the small and large condition. Size did therefore not affect IOR for the long SOA. Facilitation was not found for either the small or large condition and instead, early IOR was found for the short SOA in the small size condition. In Exp. 3B I investigated the effect of changes in cue size on facilitation and IOR, using static cues similar to Exp. 3A as controls. I found no facilitation but observed IOR. Increased IOR was found for small cues compared to large cues in the static cue conditions. In Exp. 4A and Exp. 4B I used a double-cueing paradigm. By systematically varying SOA-D and the relative location between cue and target I studied the characteristics of facilitation as well as IOR. No matter whether single and double cueing was presented in intermixed or blocked trials, facilitation and IOR was found for single cueing, but not for double cueing. I speculate that the occurrence of facilitation for single cueing may be due to the temporal overlap of cues and targets between trials and blocks. The results for double cueing in Exp. 4A showed that IOR occurred at more than one location, that the most recently cued location produced the strongest IOR, and that IOR accumulated at the same location. When single and double cueing trials were presented in separate blocks, the second cue generated facilitation for short SOA between second cue and target and produced weaker IOR for long SOA between second cue and target. These results suggest that the second cue works effectively in terms of attracting attention, which is possibly due to the expectation of observers for target onset of the second cue. This thesis strongly supports the finding in previous research that in detection tasks facilitation is more difficult to occur whereas IOR is a robust effect (see, e.g., Collie et al., 2000; Mele et al., 2008; Tassinari et al., 1994; Tassinari & Berlucchi, 1995). This was observed when the experiment included only single and on-off cueing. Nevertheless, I found that the absence and presence of facilitation and IOR can be affected by the cue type and the number of cues. That is, for cue type, off-on cue triggered facilitation for the short SOA but eliminated IOR for the long SOA. For the number of cues, when only two cues preceded targets in a block, the second cue generated facilitation for short SOA between second cue and target and produced weaker IOR for long SOA between second cue and target, compared to when either one or two cues preceded targets in a block. The random effects of mixed models explained sufficient variance across subjects to improve estimates of facilitation and IOR and variability was mainly due to individual mean RTs (random intercepts) across conditions.

Published
2019
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8. Down-regulating HOXA-AS2/miR-20a pathway promotes apoptosis and inhibits invasion and migration of skin squamous carcinoma cells

Author

XU Wen, LIU Xuhong, and LIU Hua

Subjects
skin squamous cell carcinoma, hoxa cluster antisense rna 2, apoptosis, neoplasm invasion, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objective To study the effect of down-regulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOXA cluster antisense RNA 2 (HOXA-AS2)/miR-20a pathway on apoptosis and invasion of skin squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of HOXA-AS2 and miR-20a in 50 clinical specimens of skin squamous cell carcinoma and paired adjacent tissues. Skin squamous carcinoma cell line A431 was transfected with HOXA-AS2 siRNA, and the changes in cell proliferation, clonogenic ability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were evaluated by using MTT assay, clone formation experiment, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay respectively. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins in the cells. Bioinformatics software predicted that HOXA-AS2 and miR-20a had complementary binding sites, and a luciferase reporter system was employed to verify their targeting relationship. A431 cells were co-transfected with HOXA-AS2 siRNA and miR-20a inhibitor, and the changes in cell proliferation, clone formation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed. Results The expression level of HOXA-AS2 was increased in skin squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Transfection of A431 cells with HOXA-AS2 siRNA significantly suppressed the cell proliferation, clone formation, invasion and migration, promoted cell apoptosis, decreased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins, and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein. Down-regulation of HOXA-AS2 significantly up-regulated miR-20a expression. The expression level of miR-20a in skin squamous cell carcinoma tissues was negatively correlated with that of HOXA-AS2. In A431 cells, miR-20a inhibitor obviously reversed the effects of HOXA-AS2 siRNA on proliferation, clone formation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of the cells. Conclusion Down-regulation of HOXA-AS2/miR-20a pathway can promote the expression of miR-20a, suppress the proliferation, clone formation, invasion and migration, and induce apoptosis of skin squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro.

Published
2020
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10. Research on coal mine safety ontology

Author

SHI Qinfu, LIU Xiulei, LIU Xuhong, SHENG Liguo, and HUANG Zhixian

Subjects
coal mine safety ontology, ontology language, ontology construction, ontology integration, coal mine disaster, coal mine safety database, coal mine safety knowledge, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

Common ontology languages, construction principles and construction methods were summarized. It was considered that constructing coal mine safety ontology should adopt OWL-DL language and the construction method of cyclic acquisition method or seven-step method. Current research status of the coal mine safety ontology was analyzed from aspects of coal mine digging and coal mine disaster event ontology, coal mine safety database query ontology and coal mine safety knowledge concept ontology. Advantages, disadvantages, application scene and construction process of the three coal mine safety ontologies were summarized, and an ontology integration strategy of the above three coal mine safety ontologies was proposed.

Published
2018
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12. Achieving acceptable electromagnetic interference shielding in UHMWPE/ground tire rubber composites by building a segregated network of hybrid conductive carbon black.

Author

Cheng, Huibin, Zhang, Gongxi, Liu, Xuhong, Lin, Yukai, Ma, Shenglan, Lin, Guoliang, Zhang, Xiaoyi, Huang, Baoquan, Qian, Qingrong, and Wu, Chen

Subjects
ELECTROMAGNETIC interference, ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding, CARBON-black, MICROWAVE attenuation, POLYMERIC composites, ELECTRIC conductivity, MECHANICAL alloying
Abstract

Polymeric composites with the hybrid filler network for high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding brought increasing interest. Herein, UHMWPE/ground tire rubber (GTR)/conductive carbon black (CCB) (UGC) composites with a hybrid segregated structural CCB-GTR were constructed by solid-phase shear milling (S3M), mechanical blending, and compacted molding processes. The percolation behavior of electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of composites was described using Sigmoidal/Growth models, and its EMI shielding mechanism was discussed. Results showed that the EMI SE of U30G70C20, U50G50C20, and U70G30C20 composites were found to be 37.5, 41.7, and 43.8 dB, respectively, due to constructing a hybrid network. The attenuation rate of microwave radiation is above 99.99%, and the shielding mechanism is mainly electrical loss. Moreover, the relationship between electrical conductivity and EMI SE is consistent with Sigmoidal/Growth models, indicating that Sigmoidal/Growth models can successfully predict the percolation threshold of the EMI SE of UGC composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. Cascaded particle filter for tracking using a single RGB-D sensor

Author

Liu, Xuhong

Subjects
ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION
Abstract

This thesis presents a real-time coarse-to-fine human gait tracking system based on a cascaded particle filter using a single RGB-D sensor. The tracking system is a combination of two different layers which explores how the information between the two sensing modalities can be chained to distribute and share the implicit knowledge associated with the tracking environment. In the first layer, the RGB information is exploited for tracking the coarse body shape, when the prior estimate of the state of the object is distributed based on the hierarchical sampling. For the second layer, the segmented output is used for tracking marked feature points of interest in the depth image. Two approaches, spin image, and geodesic distance, for associating a measure of the estimates are used in this phase. The thesis exhibits the overall implementation of the proposed method combined with a series of experimental analysis.

Published
2018

36. Clinical Implications of iNOS Levels in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Responding to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Author

Jin, Zining, primary, Wang, Wenqian, additional, Jiang, Nan, additional, Zhang, Lei, additional, Li, Yiming, additional, Xu, Xiaoyin, additional, Cai, Shouliang, additional, Wei, Liang, additional, Liu, Xuhong, additional, Chen, Guanglei, additional, Zhou, Yizhen, additional, Liu, Cheng, additional, Li, Zhan, additional, Jin, Feng, additional, and Chen, Bo, additional

Published
2015
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39. Integrated control of garlic leaf blight caused by Stemphylium solani in China

Author

Zheng, Lu, Lv, Rujing, Huang, Junbin, Jiang, Daohong, Liu, Xuhong, Hsiang, Tom, and School of Environmental Sciences

Subjects
garlic, China, chemical control, disease progression, fungi, food and beverages, integrated, leaf blight, inoculum survival, cultivar susceptibility, Stemphylium solani
Abstract

Leaf blight caused by Stemphylium solani is a major fungal disease of garlic (Allium sativum) in central China where it has caused severe crop losses during the winter growing season from the end of autumn to the middle of spring. Epidemiology, cultivar resistance, and chemical controls were investigated during the 2006 to 2008 growing seasons in Dangyang County to improve disease control methods. Disease severity monitoring revealed that the activity of S. solani was variable between growing seasons, and this may have been due to weather conditions. Disease severity was positively correlated with increasing temperatures, but no consistent relationship was found between total rainfall and disease. Additionally, the study demonstrated that conidia and mycelium of S. solani could survive in garlic debris for long periods and serve as the primary inoculum source for the subsequent season. Relatively few of the commonly grown cultivars had high levels of resistance to leaf blight. Garlic cultivars ‘Qingganruanye’, ‘Ruanruanye’ and ‘Zixuan-2’ were among the most resistant, but except for ‘Zixuan-2’, did not produce sufficient harvestable bolts as would be desirable for the local market. All fungicide treatments applied to cloves used as planting material seemed to promote seedling emergence, but significant effects (P = 0.05) were observed only with fludioxonil (0.05 g kg−1) and thiram (1.25 g kg−1). Fungicide applications in the field were effective in controlling leaf blight, and flusilazole (50 g ha−1), flusilazole plus famoxadone (50 g plus 104 g ha−1) or mancozeb (350 g ha−1) had the highest efficacy in reducing leaf blight severity.

Published
2010

41. Observations on facilitation and IOR in the Posner paradigm

Author

Liu, Xuhong and Liu, Xuhong

Abstract

In the Posner paradigm (Posner & Cohen, 1984), participants respond to a visual target preceded by a peripheral cue, either for a short or long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), and either at the same or a different location (Validity). Participants respond more quickly to targets when the target is cued by a stimulus at the same location for short SOAs (facilitation). This effect reverses for longer SOAs (Inhibition of Return, IOR). Previous research reported that the magnitude of facilitation and IOR was affected by physical characteristics of the cues (e.g., Lambert & Hockey, 1991; Pratt, Hillis, & Gold, 2001) and the targets (e.g., Reuter-Lorenz, Jha, & Rosenquist, 1996) in the COVAT paradigm. This thesis investigated the effect of physical characteristics of cues and targets and double cueing on facilitation and IOR. Exp. 1 aimed to examine the cue-target discriminability by manipulating the novelty of cues and targets. I found IOR but no facilitation. In addition, the cue-target discriminability did not affect the IOR, which was in line with the conclusion suggested by Pratt and colleagues (2001). In Exp. 2 I examined the effect of presenting onset and offset cues on facilitation and/ or IOR in different sequences of appearing and disappearing cues, labelled on-off and off-on cues. For on-off cueing, I found IOR but no facilitation. For off-on cueing, I found facilitation and no IOR for off-on cueing. This suggests that compared to on-off cues, off-on cues work more effectively in terms of capturing attention and that off-on cues can eliminate the otherwise robust IOR effect. In addition, for short SOA, the cue delayed the target detection for on-off cues but not for on-off cues. In Exp. 3A I examined the effects of the cue and target size on facilitation and IOR. IOR was found for both the small and large condition. Size did therefore not affect IOR for the long SOA. Facilitation was not found for either the small or large condition and instead, early IOR was

42. Observations on facilitation and IOR in the Posner paradigm

Author

Liu, Xuhong and Liu, Xuhong

Abstract

In the Posner paradigm (Posner & Cohen, 1984), participants respond to a visual target preceded by a peripheral cue, either for a short or long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), and either at the same or a different location (Validity). Participants respond more quickly to targets when the target is cued by a stimulus at the same location for short SOAs (facilitation). This effect reverses for longer SOAs (Inhibition of Return, IOR). Previous research reported that the magnitude of facilitation and IOR was affected by physical characteristics of the cues (e.g., Lambert & Hockey, 1991; Pratt, Hillis, & Gold, 2001) and the targets (e.g., Reuter-Lorenz, Jha, & Rosenquist, 1996) in the COVAT paradigm. This thesis investigated the effect of physical characteristics of cues and targets and double cueing on facilitation and IOR. Exp. 1 aimed to examine the cue-target discriminability by manipulating the novelty of cues and targets. I found IOR but no facilitation. In addition, the cue-target discriminability did not affect the IOR, which was in line with the conclusion suggested by Pratt and colleagues (2001). In Exp. 2 I examined the effect of presenting onset and offset cues on facilitation and/ or IOR in different sequences of appearing and disappearing cues, labelled on-off and off-on cues. For on-off cueing, I found IOR but no facilitation. For off-on cueing, I found facilitation and no IOR for off-on cueing. This suggests that compared to on-off cues, off-on cues work more effectively in terms of capturing attention and that off-on cues can eliminate the otherwise robust IOR effect. In addition, for short SOA, the cue delayed the target detection for on-off cues but not for on-off cues. In Exp. 3A I examined the effects of the cue and target size on facilitation and IOR. IOR was found for both the small and large condition. Size did therefore not affect IOR for the long SOA. Facilitation was not found for either the small or large condition and instead, early IOR was

43. Observations on facilitation and IOR in the Posner paradigm

Author

Liu, Xuhong and Liu, Xuhong

Abstract

In the Posner paradigm (Posner & Cohen, 1984), participants respond to a visual target preceded by a peripheral cue, either for a short or long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), and either at the same or a different location (Validity). Participants respond more quickly to targets when the target is cued by a stimulus at the same location for short SOAs (facilitation). This effect reverses for longer SOAs (Inhibition of Return, IOR). Previous research reported that the magnitude of facilitation and IOR was affected by physical characteristics of the cues (e.g., Lambert & Hockey, 1991; Pratt, Hillis, & Gold, 2001) and the targets (e.g., Reuter-Lorenz, Jha, & Rosenquist, 1996) in the COVAT paradigm. This thesis investigated the effect of physical characteristics of cues and targets and double cueing on facilitation and IOR. Exp. 1 aimed to examine the cue-target discriminability by manipulating the novelty of cues and targets. I found IOR but no facilitation. In addition, the cue-target discriminability did not affect the IOR, which was in line with the conclusion suggested by Pratt and colleagues (2001). In Exp. 2 I examined the effect of presenting onset and offset cues on facilitation and/ or IOR in different sequences of appearing and disappearing cues, labelled on-off and off-on cues. For on-off cueing, I found IOR but no facilitation. For off-on cueing, I found facilitation and no IOR for off-on cueing. This suggests that compared to on-off cues, off-on cues work more effectively in terms of capturing attention and that off-on cues can eliminate the otherwise robust IOR effect. In addition, for short SOA, the cue delayed the target detection for on-off cues but not for on-off cues. In Exp. 3A I examined the effects of the cue and target size on facilitation and IOR. IOR was found for both the small and large condition. Size did therefore not affect IOR for the long SOA. Facilitation was not found for either the small or large condition and instead, early IOR was

44. Observations on facilitation and IOR in the Posner paradigm

Author

Liu, Xuhong and Liu, Xuhong

Abstract

In the Posner paradigm (Posner & Cohen, 1984), participants respond to a visual target preceded by a peripheral cue, either for a short or long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), and either at the same or a different location (Validity). Participants respond more quickly to targets when the target is cued by a stimulus at the same location for short SOAs (facilitation). This effect reverses for longer SOAs (Inhibition of Return, IOR). Previous research reported that the magnitude of facilitation and IOR was affected by physical characteristics of the cues (e.g., Lambert & Hockey, 1991; Pratt, Hillis, & Gold, 2001) and the targets (e.g., Reuter-Lorenz, Jha, & Rosenquist, 1996) in the COVAT paradigm. This thesis investigated the effect of physical characteristics of cues and targets and double cueing on facilitation and IOR. Exp. 1 aimed to examine the cue-target discriminability by manipulating the novelty of cues and targets. I found IOR but no facilitation. In addition, the cue-target discriminability did not affect the IOR, which was in line with the conclusion suggested by Pratt and colleagues (2001). In Exp. 2 I examined the effect of presenting onset and offset cues on facilitation and/ or IOR in different sequences of appearing and disappearing cues, labelled on-off and off-on cues. For on-off cueing, I found IOR but no facilitation. For off-on cueing, I found facilitation and no IOR for off-on cueing. This suggests that compared to on-off cues, off-on cues work more effectively in terms of capturing attention and that off-on cues can eliminate the otherwise robust IOR effect. In addition, for short SOA, the cue delayed the target detection for on-off cues but not for on-off cues. In Exp. 3A I examined the effects of the cue and target size on facilitation and IOR. IOR was found for both the small and large condition. Size did therefore not affect IOR for the long SOA. Facilitation was not found for either the small or large condition and instead, early IOR was

45. Novel Potential Therapeutic Target for E2F1 and Prognostic Factors of E2F1/2/3/5/7/8 in Human Gastric Cancer.

Author

Liu X and Hu C

Abstract

E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) were found to be related with cell activities and disease progression among a variety of different tumors, including regulating cell division and cell proliferation. In the analysis, it aimed to focus on transcriptional and survival information of E2Fs in gastric cancer (GC) from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and Oncomine databases. It was found that the expression of E2F1/2/3/5/7/8 in GC tissues was obviously higher than the normal. Of interest, none of the E2Fs was related with pathological stages. Nevertheless, high expression of E2F2/3/5/7/8 was related with better survival data, except E2F6 regarding shorter first-progression (FP) survival. High expression levels of E2F2/5/7/8 have significant correlations with overall survival (OS) in patients with intestinal and diffuse GC, and this prognostic value is not affected by gender. Oppositely, the lower level of E2F1/4 illustrated superior survival data. Moreover, increased expression of E2F1 in GC tissues might play an important role in the development of GC. Collectively, E2F1 could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with GC. E2F1/2/3/5/7/8 might be original prognostic predictors of GC., (© 2020 The Authors.)

Published
2020
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