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Pancreatic cancer is characterized by high malignancy, low early diagnosis rates, and poor prognosis. Approximately 15%-20% of patients at initial diagnosis have resectable pancreatic cancer, 20%-30% have borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, and over 50% are present with unresectable. Surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment option available, but the unique anatomical position of the pancreatic head necessitates complex gastrointestinal reconstruction after resection, which may lead to severe complications such as grade B/C pancreatic fistulas and bleeding. Comprehensive preoperative preparation and individualized postoperative management are crucial to reducing perioperative complications, enhancing patient quality of life, and expediting the initiation of adjuvant therapy. This article reviews perioperative integrated management strategies for patients with pancreatic cancer, drawing on literature and our center's experience, including nutritional therapy, psychological support, preoperative jaundice reduction, neoadjuvant treatment, the prevention and management of pancreatic fistulas and postoperative bleeding, with the aim of improving clinical outcomes and overall survival rates.

Inhibitory neurons (INs) consist of distinct subtypes with unique functions. Previous studies on INs mainly focused on single brain regions, and thus it remains unclear whether the modulation of IN subtypes occurs globally across multiple regions. Here, we monitored the activity of different cortical IN subtypes at both macroscale and microscale in mice learning a lever-press task. Learning evoked a global modulation of IN subtypes throughout the cortex. The initial learning phase involved strong activation of vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing INs (VIP-INs) and weak activation of somatostatin-expressing INs (SOM-INs). Inactivating VIP-INs increased SOM-IN activity and impaired initial learning. Concurrently, cortical cholinergic inputs from the basal forebrain were initially more active but became less engaged over learning. Manipulation of the cholinergic system impaired motor learning and differentially altered activity of IN subtypes. These results reveal that motor learning involves a global and subtype-specific modulation on cortical INs regulated by the cholinergic system.

Various amounts of TiSi2 (30, 40, and 50 wt.%) were added to 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y‐TZP) to fabricate 3Y‐TZP/TiSi2 composites by vacuum sintering. The effects of the TiSi2 added amount, as well as the sintering temperature on the microstructure, mechanical, and electrical characteristics of the 3Y‐TZP/TiSi2 composites were examined. The sintered samples consisted of three phases: tetragonal (t‐ZrO2), TiSi2, and reaction product Ti5Si3. The maximum bending strength and relative density of the composites, reaching 501.20 MPa and 98.59% respectively, were achieved at a TiSi2 content of 30 wt.% and sintering temperature of 1500°C. The resistivity of 3Y‐TZP/TiSi2 composites showed a nonlinear decrease with increasing TiSi2 content. These results indicated that 3Y‐TZP/TiSi2 composites had a typical percolation threshold phenomenon due to the different TiSi2 content and a conductivity model of 3Y‐TZP/TiSi2 composites at room temperature was founded on the generalized effective medium equation. The resistivity of the composites could optionally adjust between 102 and 10−4Ω·cm with 30–50 wt.% TiSi2 under room temperature. Overall, the 3Y‐TZP/TiSi2 composites show great potential for applications in the heat‐not‐burn tobacco field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

蔗糖脂肪酸酯简称蔗糖酯，是一种良好的表面活性剂，被普遍应用于食品工业。蔗糖酯的合成方法主要包括化学法和酶法，对蔗糖酯的化学合成法进行了详细介绍，概述了酰氯酯化法及酯交换法的操作步骤、优选工艺及优缺点，并与酶法进行了对比。概述了蔗糖酯的结构、理化性质、应用及工业发展现状，以期为蔗糖酯的工业化生产提供参考。 Sucrose fatty acid ester, sucrose ester for short, is a good surfactant and is widely used in food industry. The synthesis methods of sucrose ester are mainly divided into chemical method and enzymatic method. The chemical synthesis method of sucrose ester was introduced in detail, and the operation steps, preferred processes, advantages and disadvantages of acyl chloride esterification method and transesterification method were summarized, and it was compared with enzymatic method. The structure, physicochemical properties, application and industrial development status of sucrose ester were briefly described, in order to provide reference for the industrial production of sucrose ester.

The construction of artificial synapse based on the electric field‐controlled ion migration has been developed to be a prospective approach to achieving intelligent devices with advantage of low‐energy consumption. However, it is still a very challenging task for artificial synapses to imitate the complex synapse diversity of biological system. Herein, the ionic liquid gating induced oxygen ion migration to realize the reversible phase transition between insulating SrCoO2.5 and metallic SrCoO3 with anisotropic dynamics due to the fast oxygen transport channel along [110] crystal orientation is used. The crystal orientation‐dependent oxygen ion migration and resultant metal–insulator transition offer an intriguing opportunity to build up a variety of artificial synapses with different performances, like excitatory or inhibitory characters, learning accuracy, and cooperation capability. Our findings not only give an insight into the anisotropic ion migration in oxides but also could be a fundamental step toward the development of diverse oxide‐based artificial neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]