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Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of combining diosmin with Jiuhua hemorrhoid suppository versus diosmin alone for the treatment of hemorrhoid hemorrhage. Method: The Jiuhua hemorrhoid suppository study was conducted in 10 medical centers across China from April 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. Patients with hemorrhoid bleeding were randomized in a ratio of 1 : 1 to either receive Jiuhua hemorrhoid suppository and diosmin tablets (the study group) or diosmin tablets alone (the control group). The suppository was used once a day after defecation or at bedtime after rinsing the anus with warm water. Diosmin tablets were administered only once a day (0.9 g). The primary endpoint of the study was the assessment of hemorrhoid bleeding relief 7 ± 2 days after treatment, classified as “very effective” “effective” and “ineffective”. The secondary endpoint included the evaluation of pain alleviation using the visual analogue scale (VAS, with scores ranging from 0 to 10) and edema (with scores ranging from 0 to 3). The safety of the two treatment regimens was evaluated 14 ± 2 days after drug administration. Results: The full analysis set (FAS) comprised 107 participants in the study group and 111 in the control group, while the per-protocol set (PPS) included 106 participants in the study group and 111 in the control group. In terms of hemorrhoid bleeding, the proportion of very effective and effective cases in the study group were significantly higher than that in the control group [106 (99.06 %) vs. 91 (81.98 %), P < 0.0001] in the FAS, and the PPS results [105 (99.06 %) vs. 91 (81.98 %), P < 0.0001] were comparable to the FAS results. The pain VAS scores at day 7 after treatment were comparable between the two groups (0.80 ± 1.17 vs. 0.80 ± 1.20, P = 0.2177). The majority of the participants in both groups had an edema score of 0 at day 7 after treatment [96 (89.72 %) vs. 99 (91.67 %), P = 0.3705]. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 9 patients (8.4 %) in the study group and 3 patients (2.7 %) in the control group. In addition, 5 AEs in the study group and 1 AE in the control group were possibly in association with the study drug. Conclusion: Compared with the administration of diosmin oral tablets alone, the addition of Jiuhua hemorrhoid suppository to the tablets demonstrates enhanced efficacy in addressing hemorrhoid bleeding, with satisfactory patient adherence and acceptable safety.

In mineral processing operations, besides target minerals, slurries often contain various metal ions, including common ones with different valence states such as Pb2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+. These metal ions originate from multiple sources during the flotation process, including the dissolution of co-occurring metal minerals during crushing and grinding, the addition of flotation reagents, and the flotation water. Investigators have long recognized that metal ions significantly affect mineral flotation behavior. Due to physical and chemical interactions, some ions in the slurry will interact with target mineral. If these ions form hydrophobic substances on the mineral surface or increase the active sites between the mineral and collectors or sulfide agent, they will have a positive impact on the flotation process. Conversely, if they produce hydrophilic substances or deplete added collectors and sulfides, they negatively impact mineral enrichment. Meanwhile, metal ions can regulate the electrostatic repulsion between reagents and mineral surfaces in the slurry system, which has a certain impact on the flotation results. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the sources of metal ions in flotation, explores their adsorption characteristics on mineral surfaces, and examines their impact on the flotation process. It provides a theoretical basis for improving mineral flotation processes in the presence of metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced sulfurization has always been the focus of research on the flotation of copper oxide minerals. In this study, combined ammonium–amine salts were innovatively applied to improve the sulfurization of azurite. Flotation tests were carried out to evaluate the promoting effect of ammonium–amine co-activation on the sulfurization–xanthate flotation of azurite, and the microstructure evolution of sulfurized products was investigated to reveal the mechanism underlying this promoting effect. Compared with single ammonium (amine) salt activation, ammonium–amine co-activation improved the floatability of azurite to a greater extent, i.e., the flotation recovery increased by over 4 percentage points. ToF-SIMS, ICP-OES, FESEM-EDS, AFM, XRD, and UV-vis analyses indicated that ammonium–amine co-activation combined the advantages of inorganic ammonium for buffering pH and organic amine for copper ion complexation, thus promoting the growth of sulfurized crystal products (covellite) and enhancing the adhesion stability of sulfurized products on azurite. Therefore, increasing amounts of copper sulfide components were generated under the ammonium–amine–Na2S system, promoting the adsorption of additional xanthate on azurite. This study provides theoretical support for the application of combined ammonium–amine salts for the sulfurization flotation of copper oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]