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[Objective] Ecosystem services value (ESV) is one of the important measures used to evaluate whether regional land use change is scientific. ESV is related to regional sustainable development. ESV and terrestrial carbon storage (TCS) changes in coastal cities were evaluated in order to provide a basis for economic development and ESV regulation in Dalian City, Liaoning Province. [Methods] Five periods of land use data and related data from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed in this study. Land dynamics, the equivalent factor method, a land transfer matrix, ESV contribution rate, TCS, and principal component analysis were used to calculate the land use change dynamics in Dalian City and their impacts on ESV, TCS, and terrestrial carbon storage value (TCSV). [Results] ① Construction land in Dalian City mainly encroached on farmland and forest land in the southwestern coastal area. ② During the four time periods from 2000 to 2020, ESV in Dalian City initially decreased and then increased, and the decline continued to intensify. The decrease in arable land area and the increase in construction land area had a direct impact on the maintenance of ecosystem service functions. ③ During the four time periods from 2000 to 2020, TCS and TCSV in Dalian City initially increased and then decreased, and the decline continued to intensify. The reduction of forest area directly affected the maintenance of TCS function. ④ In the land use transfer matrix for Dalian City from 2000 to 2020, farmland, forest land, and grassland were mainly transferred out, while construction land was mainly transferred in. The contribution of ecosystem services varied among different land use types, with contributions ranging from cultivated land, forest land, wetlands, water bodies, grasslands, and unused land. ⑤ The changes in ESV and TCS in Dalian City from 2000 to 2020 were mainly influenced by economic growth, adjustments to the three major industrial structures, and the development of urbanization level. [Conclusion] From the perspective of economic development, ESV improvement, TCS capacity improvement, and sustainable development in Dalian City, it is necessary to focus on the conflict between the expansion of coastal construction land and ecological and agricultural land, strengthen the protection of northern forest and grass ecological land, accelerate the ecological environment restoration work in coastal areas, enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of ecological land, and avoid unrestricted blind expansion of construction land.

CuInS films had been prepared on FTO using a one-step deposition method, with sodium citrate complexing agent. The film was deposited from the solution containing 20 mmol L CuSO, 7.5 mmol L InSO, 75 mmol L NaSO and 8.5 mmol L NaCHO for 1200 s. The films were characterized by the UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, SEM, AFM, XRD, XPS methods. By the cyclic voltammetry curves of Cu, S, Cu-S, In, In-S, Cu-In-S, the mechanism of CuInS deposition was gotten, that is, the reduction reaction of Cu and In occured, and then S was under potential deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a molecule implicated in multiple biological functions, but exerts contrasting effects on plants owing to concentration differences. Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), which catalyzes the last step of melatonin synthesis, plays a crucial role in this context., Methods: Transgenic switchgrass overexpressing oHIOMT with different melatonin levels displayed distinct morphological changes in a concentration-dependent manner. In this study, we divided the transgenic switchgrass into two groups: melatonin-moderate transgenic (MMT) plants and melatonin-rich transgenic (MRT) plants. To determine the concentration-dependent effect of melatonin on switchgrass growth and stress resistance, we conducted comparative morphological, physiological, omics and molecular analyses between MMT, MRT and wild-type (WT) plants., Results: We found that oHIOMT overexpression, with moderate melatonin levels, was crucial in regulating switchgrass growth through changes in cell size rather than cell number. Moderate levels of melatonin were vital in regulating carbon fixation, stomatal development and chlorophyll metabolism. Regarding salt tolerance, melatonin with moderate levels activated numerous defense (e.g. morphological characteristics, anatomical structure, antioxidant enzymatic properties, non-enzymatic capacity and Na + /K + homeostasis). Additionally, moderate levels of oHIOMT overexpression were sufficient to increase lignin content and alter monolignol compositions with an increase in the S/G lignin ratio., Discussion: Taken together, oHIOMT overexpression in switchgrass with different melatonin levels resulted in morphological, anatomical, physiological and molecular changes in a concentration-dependent manner, which characterized by stimulation at low doses and inhibition at high doses. Our study presents new ideas and clues for further research on the mechanisms of the concentration-dependent effect of melatonin., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Huang, Lai, Liu, Zhu, Hao, Zheng and Guo.)