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7. Betel nut classification algorithm based on improved Xception

Author

LIU Chang-jun, JIAO Jian-ge, and ZOU Guo-ping

Subjects
xception, dual channel attention, elu, accuracy, light weight, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Objective: In order to reduce the manual demand of betel nut classification improve the accuracy of betel nut classification and reduce the size of classification model. Methods: Expanded the input layer of Xception as the feature extraction backbone network. Added a dual-channel sequeeze and excitation module after the feature extraction network. Used the ELU activation function instead of ReLU. Used the data enhancement to expand the dataset of betel nuts, divided the dataset into training sets, validation sets and test sets in 9∶3∶1, and trained the improved Xception models. Results: When the improved Xception was used to classify 1 100 betel nut images in the test set, the classification accuracy reached 99.182%, and the model size was 15.7 MB. Conclusion: The improved model can meet the accuracy requirements and model size requirements for betel nut classification.

Published
2023
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27. The Tetracentron genome provides insight into the early evolution of eudicots and the formation of vessel elements

Author

Liu, Ping-Li, Zhang, Xi, Mao, Jian-Feng, Hong, Yan-Ming, Zhang, Ren-Gang, E, Yilan, Nie, Shuai, Jia, Kaihua, Jiang, Chen-Kun, He, Jian, Shen, Weiwei, He, Qizouhong, Zheng, Wenqing, Abbas, Samar, Jewaria, Pawan Kumar, Tian, Xuechan, Liu, Chang-jun, Jiang, Xiaomei, Yin, Yafang, Liu, Bo, Wang, Li, Jin, Biao, Ma, Yongpeng, Qiu, Zongbo, Baluška, František, Šamaj, Jozef, He, Xinqiang, Niu, Shihui, Xie, Jianbo, Xie, Lei, Xu, Huimin, Kong, Hongzhi, Ge, Song, Dixon, Richard A., Jiao, Yuannian, and Lin, Jinxing

Published
2020
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35. Simultaneous suppression of lignin, tricin and wall‐bound phenolic biosynthesis via the expression of monolignol 4‐O‐methyltransferases in rice.

Author

Dwivedi, Nidhi, Yamamoto, Senri, Zhao, Yunjun, Hou, Guichuan, Bowling, Forrest, Tobimatsu, Yuki, and Liu, Chang‐Jun

Subjects
LIGNINS, FERULIC acid, BIOSYNTHESIS, LIGNOCELLULOSE, RICE straw, RICE, LIGNIN structure, FLAVONOIDS
Abstract

Summary: Grass lignocelluloses feature complex compositions and structures. In addition to the presence of conventional lignin units from monolignols, acylated monolignols and flavonoid tricin also incorporate into lignin polymer; moreover, hydroxycinnamates, particularly ferulate, cross‐link arabinoxylan chains with each other and/or with lignin polymers. These structural complexities make grass lignocellulosics difficult to optimize for effective agro‐industrial applications. In the present study, we assess the applications of two engineered monolignol 4‐O‐methyltransferases (MOMTs) in modifying rice lignocellulosic properties. Two MOMTs confer regiospecific para‐methylation of monolignols but with different catalytic preferences. The expression of MOMTs in rice resulted in differential but drastic suppression of lignin deposition, showing more than 50% decrease in guaiacyl lignin and up to an 90% reduction in syringyl lignin in transgenic lines. Moreover, the levels of arabinoxylan‐bound ferulate were reduced by up to 50%, and the levels of tricin in lignin fraction were also substantially reduced. Concomitantly, up to 11 μmol/g of the methanol‐extractable 4‐O‐methylated ferulic acid and 5–7 μmol/g 4‐O‐methylated sinapic acid were accumulated in MOMT transgenic lines. Both MOMTs in vitro displayed discernible substrate promiscuity towards a range of phenolics in addition to the dominant substrate monolignols, which partially explains their broad effects on grass phenolic biosynthesis. The cell wall structural and compositional changes resulted in up to 30% increase in saccharification yield of the de‐starched rice straw biomass after diluted acid‐pretreatment. These results demonstrate an effective strategy to tailor complex grass cell walls to generate improved cellulosic feedstocks for the fermentable sugar‐based production of biofuel and bio‐chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. Cytochrome b5: A versatile electron carrier and regulator for plant metabolism

Author

Liu, Chang-Jun

Subjects
Plant Science
Abstract

Cytochrome b5 (CB5) is a small heme-binding protein, known as an electron donor delivering reducing power to the terminal enzymes involved in oxidative reactions. In plants, the CB5 protein family is substantially expanded both in its isoform numbers and cellular functions, compared to its yeast and mammalian counterparts. As an electron carrier, plant CB5 proteins function not only in fatty acid desaturation, hydroxylation and elongation, but also in the formation of specialized metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic esters, and heteropolymer lignin. Furthermore, plant CB5s are found to interact with different non-catalytic proteins such as ethylene signaling regulator, cell death inhibitor, and sugar transporters, implicating their versatile regulatory roles in coordinating different metabolic and cellular processes, presumably in respect to the cellular redox status and/or carbon availability. Compared to the plentiful studies on biochemistry and cellular functions of mammalian CB5 proteins, the cellular and metabolic roles of plant CB5 proteins have received far less attention. This article summarizes the fragmentary information pertaining to the discovery of plant CB5 proteins, and discusses the conventional and peculiar functions that plant CB5s might play in different metabolic and cellular processes. Gaining comprehensive insight into the biological functions of CB5 proteins could offer effective biotechnological solutions to tailor plant chemodiversity and cellular responses to environment stimuli.

Published
2022

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