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Lithium metal has been treated as one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical capacity. However, its practical application is hindered by inhomogeneous lithium deposition and uncontrolled dendrite growth. In this work, we prepared a three-dimensional nickel foam (NF)-based current collector with a lithiophilic interface layer through facile hydrothermal and coating methods. The lithiophilic Ni3S2 array synthesized via a hydrothermal method has been demonstrated to facilitate the nucleation of Li+. Moreover, it has been observed that the outer coating comprising LPP effectively enhances the inward diffusion of Li+. Additionally, this interface layer can serve as an isolating barrier between the electrodes and the electrolyte. The prepared LPP-Ni3S2@Ni shows significant reversibility both in symmetric cells (1200 h, 1 mA cm−2) and half-cells (CE: 99.60%, 500 cycles, 1 mA cm−2) with low interfacial resistance (35 Ω). Full cells with LiFePO4 as a cathode also exhibit promising electrochemical performance with over 76.78% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 1 C.

Developing efficient approaches to building a suitable environment for humans on the moon play a key role in future long-term sustainable lunar exploration activities, which has motivated many countries to propose diverse plans to build a lunar base. The lava tubes discovered by the Kaguya mission offer huge potential sites to host such bases. Through computation and analysis, we show that lunar lava tubes offer stable structures, suitable temperatures, low radiation doses, and low meteorite impact rates. We summarize previous research results and put forward the conditions to find and use a suitable lunar lava tube for human habitation on the moon. The establishment of extraterrestrial bases still faces many technical bottlenecks; many countries have begun to use the earth’s environment for extraterrestrial exploration and simulation missions. In this regard, we proposed the idea of using the Earth’s karst caves to simulate extraterrestrial lava tubes, selected caves in Chongqing as the simulation site, and demonstrated the feasibility from both structural and environmental aspects. Finally, we proposed a karst cave simulation platform with three main research directions: cave sealing technology, efficient daylight system, and internal circulation research of artificial ecosystems containing natural soil and rock. We hope to promote the development of related research on extraterrestrial bases through simulation experiments.

Accurate classification and identification of the detected terrain is the basis for the long-distance patrol mission of the planetary rover. But terrain measurement based on vision and radar is subject to conditions such as light changes and dust storms. In this paper, under the premise of not increasing the sensor load of the existing rover, a terrain classification and recognition method based on vibration is proposed. Firstly, the time-frequency domain transformation of vibration information is realized by fast Fourier transform (FFT), and the characteristic representation of vibration information is given. Secondly, a deep neural network based on multi-layer perception is designed to realize classification of different terrains. Finally, combined with the Jackal unmanned vehicle platform, the XQ unmanned vehicle platform, and the vibration sensor, the terrain classification comparison test based on five different terrains was completed. The results show that the proposed algorithm has higher classification accuracy, and different platforms and running speeds have certain influence on the terrain classification at the same time, which provides support for subsequent practical applications.