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PurposeJinwei decoction can enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoid (GC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by restoring the activity of HDAC2. But the upstream mechanism of Jinwei decoction on HDAC2 expression is not clear. ObjectiveTo explore whether Jinwei decoction can enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of GC on COPD through microRNA21 (miR-21) by network pharmacology. MethodsThe TCMSP database was used to screen active ingredients and target genes of Jinwei decoction, and miRWalk2.0 was used to predict downstream target genes of miR-21. COPD-related genes were identified by searching GeneCards and OMIM databases; Venny 2.1 was used to screen intersection genes; Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of intersection genes were analyzed by R software. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were analyzed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to identify core genes. Finally, interactions between main compounds and potential targets were verified by molecular docking. ResultsTwo hundred ninety-two active ingredients, 316 Jinwei drug targets, 10170 miR-21 target genes, 6617 COPD target genes, and 184 intersection gene were identified. Eleven core proteins of PPI networks may be involved. GO enrichment analysis showed that oxidative stress, regulation of inflammatory response, hormone transport, and histone modification were involved; KEGG pathway enrichment analysis concentrated in the PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), HIF-1, neutrophil extracellular bactericidal network, and other signaling pathways. ConclusionJinwei decoction can regulate histone deacetylase-2 activity and enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of GC on COPD by modulating miR-21. Its mechanism of action may be related to its effect on the PI3K Akt, MAPK, and TNF signaling pathways and neutrophil extracellular trap formation through miR-21.

Longshore current instability is important to nearshore hydrodynamic and sediment transport. This paper investigates the longshore current instability growth model based experimental data with different velocity profiles of slopes 1:100 and 1:40 by adopting a linear shear instability model with the bottom friction effects. The results show that: (1) Only backshear mode exists in the instability of longshore current for slope 1:40 and frontshear and backshear modes may exist slope 1:100. (2) The peaks of linear instability growth mode for slope 1:100 correspond to three cases: the dominant peak is formed by the joint action of both frontshear and backshear, or by backshear alone without the existence of the smaller peak or formed by either the frontshear or backshear. (3) Bottom friction can decrease the corresponding unstable growth rate but it cannot change the unstable fluctuation period. The results of fluctuation period, wavelength and spatial variation obtained by the analysis of linear shear instability are in good agreement with experimental results.

Crescent waves often observed on the sea surface are unusual wave pattern induced by the instability of Stokes wave. The paper presents the experimental results of the wave field around a circular cylinder generated by the diffraction of crescent wave in order to examine the difference of diffracted crescent waves from the commonly-used diffracted Stokes waves. The results show that with the existence of the cylinder, the crescent wave pattern can still get fully developed, and with the presence of this type of wave pattern, the symmetry breaking of the wave amplitude distribution occurs and there are extra wave components at the frequencies of 0.5ω0, 1.5ω0 and 2.5ω0 (ω0 is the frequency of Stokes waves) appearing in the wave amplitude spectrum.

With the help of Mike 3 software, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic mathematical model was built for Daxiaoshan sea area. The model was calibrated and verified by the measured tidal current and tidal level data. The influence of Daxiaoshan reclamation project on the surrounding hydrodynamic conditions was analyzed by the numerical simulation of tidal current. The results show that in the model verification, the tide level only has a little deviation in the neap tide stage, and the velocity error is controlled within 0.4m/s. The influence of reclamation projects is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of reclamation areas and has no influence on the hydrodynamic conditions in a large area of sea. The three-dimensional effect of the positions of the southeast and southwest dikes is obvious, and the vertical velocity distribution of the south dike is the most uneven because of the complex terrain conditions. Using the Mike 3 hydrodynamic module can better simulate the flow field distribution in the engineering area and the surrounding sea area of the project, and can better guide the construction of related projects.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, To investigate the difference of clinical characteristics between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with the frequent exacerbators with chronic bronchitis (FE-CB) phenotype and those with the asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACO) phenotype. We searched CNKI, Wan Fang, Chongqing VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases for studies published as of April 30, 2019. All studies that investigated COPD patients with the FE-CB and ACO phenotypes and which qualified the inclusion criteria were included. Cross-sectional/prevalence study quality recommendations were used to measure methodological quality. RevMan5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Ten studies (combined n = 4568) qualified the inclusion criteria. The FE-CB phenotype of COPD was associated with significantly lower forced vital capacity percent predicted (mean difference [MD] −9.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−12.00, −6.10], P

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with different phenotypes show different clinical characteristics. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the clinical characteristics between the non-exacerbator (NE) phenotype and the frequent exacerbator with chronic bronchitis (FE-CB) phenotype among patients with COPD. Methods CNKI, Wan fang, Chongqing VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched from the times of their inception to April 30, 2019. All studies that reported the clinical characteristics of the COPD phenotypes and which met the inclusion criteria were included. The quality assessment was analyzed by Cross-Sectional/Prevalence Study Quality recommendations. The meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan5.3. Results Ten cross-sectional observation studies (n = 8848) were included. Compared with the NE phenotype, patients with the FE-CB phenotype showed significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s percent predicted (FEV1%pred) (mean difference (MD) -8.50, 95% CI -11.36–-5.65, P I2 = 91%), forced vital capacity percent predicted (FVC%pred) [MD − 6.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) -7.73–-5.65, P I2 = 5%], and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) (MD -3.76, 95% CI -4.58–-2.95,P I2 = 0%); in contrast, Charlson comorbidity index (MD 0.47, 95% CI 0.37–0.58, P I2 = 0], COPD assessment test (CAT) score (MD 5.61, 95% CI 4.62–6.60, P I2 = 80%), the quantity of cigarettes smoked (pack-years) (MD 3.09, 95% CI 1.60–4.58, P I2 = 41%), exacerbations in previous year (2.65, 95% CI 2.32–2.97, P I2 = 91%), modified Medical British Research Council (mMRC) score (MD 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.82, P I2 = 57%), and body mass index (BMI), obstruction, dyspnea, exacerbations (BODEx) (MD 1.78, 95% CI 1.28–2.28, P I2 = 91%), I2 = 34%) were significantly higher in patients with FE-CB phenotype. No significant between-group difference was observed with respect to BMI (MD-0.14, 95% CI -0.70–0.42, P = 0.62, I2 = 75%). Conclusion COPD patients with the FE-CB phenotype had worse pulmonary function and higher CAT score, mMRC scores, frequency of acute exacerbations, and the quantity of cigarettes smoked (pack-years) than those with the NE phenotype.

Studying the distribution of longshore current velocity has important practical significance for coastal sediment transport and nearshore material transport and diffusion. Based on the experimental results of 1:100 slope and 1:40 slope mild slope longshore current, this essay adopts MATLAB software and uses different functions to fit and analyze the mean longshore current velocity distribution under mild slope in two cases. The results show that the maximum value of 1:100 mean longshore current velocity have a concave trend on the nearshore side, three kinds of functions can properly fit the mean longshore current velocity distribution. In the case of 1:40, three kinds of functions cannot appropriately show the mean longshore current velocity distribution. Therefore, the distribution characteristics that the convex trend is on the coastal side of the 1:40 mild slope can be better described by proposing a custom piecewise function and relevant constraints.

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Qigong in reducing the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: We searched CNKI, Wan fang, Chongqing VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for studies published as of Dec 31, 2018. All randomized controlled trials of Qigong in COPD patients, which met the inclusion criteria were included. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used for literature evaluation. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results: Six studies (combined n = 415 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Compared with conventional therapy alone, Qigong in combination with conventional therapy significantly improved the following outcome measures: SDS score [mean difference (MD) −3.99, 95% CI (−6.17, −1.82), P

Crescent waves often observed on the sea surface are unusual wave pattern induced by the instability of Stokes wave. The paper presents the experimental results of the wave field around a circular cylinder generated by the diffraction of crescent wave in order to examine the difference of diffracted crescent waves from the commonly-used diffracted Stokes waves. The results show that with the existence of the cylinder, the crescent wave pattern can still get fully developed, and with the presence of this type of wave pattern, the symmetry breaking of the wave amplitude distribution occurs and there are extra wave components at the frequencies of 0.5ω 0, 1.5ω 0 and 2.5ω 0 (ω 0 is the frequency of Stokes waves) appearing in the wave amplitude spectrum.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fuzheng Jiedu Huayu Decoction (FJHD) in treating pneumonia in the elderly.Adopting a multi-center, double-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial, 284 elderly pneumonia patients were enrolled and randomly allocated to the standard treatment with FJHD (treatment group, TG) and the standard treatment with placebo group (control group, CG). Efficacy and safety was evaluated through mortality rate, curative rate, symptom improvement, chest X-ray (CXR) lesion absorption, arterial blood gas (ABG), peripheral blood leukocyte count (PBLC) and adverse events.There was no significant difference in mortality rate between both groups (P 0.05). TG significantly enhanced the curative rate of a 2-week treatment course (P 0.05). Compared with CG, TG significantly decreased the expectoration score during the first and second week of treatment (P 0.05). During the first week, improvement in expectoration was conducive to airway patency. During the second week, wheezing, shortness of breath and other symptoms were also significantly improved. During the third week, body temperature was stable. TG improved lesion absorption with Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) class II (P 0.05) and SMART-COP score 1 (P 0.05). TG significantly decreased the arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure after a 1-week treatment. There were no serious adverse events in TG.Standard anti-infection treatment with FJHD is a safe and reliable method of treating elderly patients with pneumonia, improving the curative effect after a 2-week treatment course, ameliorating expectoration and promoting the absorption of pneumonia lesions.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Qigong in reducing the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS We searched CNKI, Wan fang, Chongqing VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for studies published as of Dec 31, 2018. All randomized controlled trials of Qigong in COPD patients, which met the inclusion criteria were included. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used for literature evaluation. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Six studies (combined n = 415 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Compared with conventional therapy alone, Qigong in combination with conventional therapy significantly improved the following outcome measures: SDS score [mean difference (MD) -3.99, 95% CI (-6.17, -1.82), P

AIM: To determine the dynamic changes in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs inhibitors (TIMPs) during hepatic fibrosis induced by alcohol. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal, 4 d, 2 wk, 4 wk, 9 wk and 11 wk groups, and the model rats were fed with a mixture of alcohol by gastric infusion at the designed time, respectively, then decollated and their livers were harvested for the examination of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by immunoh-istochemistry, zymograghy and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Normal rats had moderate expression of MMP-2, which was decreased in the model rats except in the 11 wk group, where MMP-2 expression slightly increased. MMP-3 had the similar changing pattern to MMP-2 despite weaker expression. MMP-9 expression decreased in the 4 d and 2 wk groups, rose in the 4 wk group, decreased again in the 9 wk group and returned to normal levels in the 11 wk group. MMP-13 expression decreased in the 4 d and 2 wk groups, and returned to normal levels in the 4 wk, 9 wk and 11 wk groups. TIMP-1 expression decreased in the 4 d and 2 wk groups, but sharply increased in the 4 wk group and sustained at a high level even after modeling was stopped for 2 wk. In normal rats TIMP-2 expression was strong. However, it decreased as soon as modeling began, and then gradually rose, but remained to a level lower than that in normal rats even after modeling was stopped for 2 wk. CONCLUSION: MMP-2 may not always expresses at a high level during hepatic fibrosis. MMP-13 and MMP-3 are acutely affected by TIMP-1. In this model TIMP-1 is the most powerful factor imposed on capillarization and peri-sinusoidal fibrosis. TIMP-2 is the most effective regulator on the metabolism of type IV collagen located in the basement of sinus.

AIM: To investigate the dynamic changes of capillarization and peri-sinusoid fibrosis in an alcoholic liver disease model induced by a new method. METHODS: Male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely normal, 4 d, 2 w, 4 w, 9 w and 11 w groups. The animals were fed with a mixture of alcohol for designated days and then decollated, and their livers were harvested to examine the pathological changes of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, sinusoid, peri-sinusoid. The generation of three kinds of extra cellular matrix was also observed. RESULTS: The injury of hepatocytes became severer as modeling going on. Under electronic microscope, fatty vesicles and swollen mitochondria in hepatocytes, activated hepatic stellate cells with fibrils could been seen near or around it. Fenestrae of sinusoidal endothelial cells were decreased or disappeared, sinusoidal basement was formed. Under light microscopy typical peri-sinusoid fibrosis, gridding-like fibrosis, broaden portal areas, hepatocyte’s fatty and balloon denaturation, iron sediment, dot necrosis, congregated lymphatic cells and leukocytes were observed. Type I collagen showed an increasing trend as modeling going on, slightly recovered when modeling stopped for 2 weeks. Meanwhile, type IV collagen decreased rapidly when modeling began and recovered after modeling stopped for 2 weeks. Laminin increased as soon as modeling began and did not recover when modeling stopped for 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: The pathological changes of the model were similar to that of human ALD, but mild in degree. It had typical peri-sinusoid fibrosis, however, capillarization seemed to be instable. It may be related with the reduction of type IV collagen in the basement of sinusoid during modeling.