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BackgroundThe Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry.Methods and resultsA total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P

PL Dai,1,2,* XS Du,3,* Y Hou,1,* L Li,1 YX Xia,1 L Wang,1 HX Chen,1 L Chang,1 WH Li1 1Radiotherapy Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People’s Republic of China; 2Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, People’s Republic of China; 3Oncology Department, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Huaian, Jiangsu 223001, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: L Chang; WH Li Email changli1981@126.com; wenhuili64@aliyun.comIntroduction: The biological changes after irradiation in lung cancer cells are important to reduce recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer. To optimize radiotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma, our study systematically explored the mechanisms of biological behaviors in residual A549 and XWLC-05 cells after irradiation.Methods: Colony formation assay, cell proliferation assay, cell migration assay, flow cytometry, BALB/C-nu mice xenograft models and Western blot of pan-AKT, p-Akt380, p-Akt473, PCNA, DNA-PKCS, KU70, KU80, CD133, CD144, MMP2 and P53 were used in our study to assess biological changes after irradiation with 0, 4 and 8 Gy at 0– 336 hr after irradiation in vitro and 20 Gy at transplantation group, irradiated transplantation group, residual tumor 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days groups in vivo.Results: The ability of cell proliferation and radiosensitivity of residual XWLC-05 cells was better than A549 cells after radiation in vivo and in vitro. MMP-2 has statistical differences in vitro and in vivo and increased with the migratory ability of cells in vitro. PCNA and P53 have statistical differences in XWLC-05 and A549 cells and the changes of them are similar to the proliferation of residual cells within first 336 hr after irradiation in vitro. Pan-AKT increased after irradiation, and residual tumor 21-day group (1.5722) has statistic differences between transplantation group (0.9763, p=0.018) and irradiated transplantation group (0.8455, p=0.006) in vivo. Pan-AKT rose to highest when 21-day after residual tumor reach to 0.5 mm2. MMP2 has statistical differences between transplantation group (0.4619) and residual tumor 14-day group (0.8729, p=0.043). P53 has statistical differences between residual tumor 7-day group (0.6184) and residual tumor 28 days group (1.0394, p=0.007). DNA-PKCS has statistical differences between residual tumor 28 days group (1.1769) and transplantation group (0.2483, p=0.010), irradiated transplantation group (0.1983, p=0.002) and residual tumor 21 days group (0.2017, p=0.003), residual tumor 0 days group (0.5992) and irradiated transplantation group (0.1983, p=0.027) and residual tumor 21 days group (0.2017, p=0.002). KU80 and KU70 have no statistical differences at any time point.Conclusion: Different proteins regulated apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma after radiotherapy at different times. MMP-2 might regulate metastasis ability of XWLC-05 and A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. PCNA and P53 may play important roles in proliferation of vitro XWLC-05 and A549 cells within first 336 hr after irradiation in vitro. After that, P53 may through PI3K/AKT pathway regulate cell proliferation after irradiation in vitro. DNA-PKCS may play a more important role in DNA damage repair than KU70 and KU80 after 336 hr in vitro because it rapidly rose than KU70 and KU80 after irradiation. Different cells have different time rhythm in apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis after radiotherapy. Time rhythm of cells after irradiation should be delivered and more attention should be paid to resist cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.Keywords: lung adenocarcinoma, XWLC-05 cells, biological, radiation

Fei Lu,1,2 Yu Hou,1 Yaoxiong Xia,1 Lan Li,1 Li Wang,1 Ke Cao,1 Haixia Chen,1 Li Chang,1 Wenhui Li11Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology and Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Honghe State, Mengzi, Yunnan, People’s Republic of ChinaPurpose: To compare the differences in survival and intracranial local control between patients treated with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and WBRT plus a radiotherapy boost (RTB) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases (BMs).Patients and methods: Between May 2010 and October 2017, 206 NSCLC patients with BMs were treated with brain radiotherapy; among these patients, 140 patients underwent WBRT alone (group A) and 66 patients underwent WBRT plus RTB (group B). The endpoints included intracranial local progression-free survival and regional progression-free survival time (iLPFS and iRPFS, respectively) and overall survival (OS).Results: Between the two groups, not all baseline clinical factors were well-balanced. The median iLPFS was 17.9 months in group A and 22.3 months in group B. The 2-year iLPFS rates were significantly lower in group A than in group B (34.5% vs 49.3%, P=0.041); however, no significant differences were observed in OS or iRPFS. Multivariate analyses revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) therapy was significantly associated with good OS, iLPFS, and iRPFS. Among the patients treated with TKIs (n=62), there were no differences in OS (P=0.190), iLPFS (P=0.334), or iRPFS (P=0.338) between groups A and B. In the patients without TKI treatment (n=102), the median iLPFS was significantly longer in group B than in group A (16.7 vs 12.0 months, P=0.032), but no significant differences were found in OS (p=0.182) or iRPFS (P=0.837) between the two groups.Conclusion: WBRT plus RTB significantly improved iLPFS compared with WBRT alone, especially in patients without EGFR-TKI treatment. However,there were no significant differences in iRPFS or OS between the two groups. Patients treated with EGFR-TKIs may not benefit from WBRT plus RTB.Keywords: non-small-cell lung carcinoma, brain metastases, brain radiotherapy, radiotherapy boost, tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Wei-Hua Li,1 Zi-Guan Zhang,1 Zheng-Rong Huang,1 Wei Zhang,1 Zhi-Bin Li,2 Zhong-Quan Qi3 1Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People’s Republic of China; 2Epidemiology Research Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People’s Republic of China; 3Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China Introduction: To assess the effect of tumor laterality to cardiac-related deaths of breast cancer in the current radiation practices using a large modern population-based study.Methods: Women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2000 to 2008 were included using the current Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The primary outcome of this study was the cardiac-related mortality. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the cardiac-related mortality including demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment factors.Results: We identified 168,761 breast cancer patients, including 85,006 (50.4%) patients with left-sided tumors and 83,755 (49.6%) patients with right-sided tumors. The median follow-up period was 8.8 years. The 10-year cardiac-related mortality was 2.3% and 2.3% in left- and right-sided tumors, respectively (P=0.685). The results indicated that patients with older age, non-Hispanic Black, receipt of mastectomy, and married status were the independent adverse factors for cardiac-related mortality. However, left-sided tumors were not associated to a higher risk of cardiac-related mortality than right-sided tumors following postoperative radiotherapy (right vs left, hazard ratios 1.025, 95% CI 0.856–1.099, P=0.484). The risk of cardiac-related mortality in the entire cohort was increased with the extension of follow-up time. However, there was still not significantly different between left- and right-sided tumors. Subgroup analysis also found no association between tumor laterality and cardiac-related mortality after postoperative radiotherapy based on various demographics and treatment factors.Conclusion: With a median follow-up of 8.8 years, no significant differences were found in cardiac-related mortality between left- and right-sided tumors under current radiation practices of breast cancer patients. Keywords: breast cancer, radiotherapy, tumor laterality, cardiac mortality

The Beijing Spectrometer (BES) detector is a general purpose solenoid detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider in Beijing, China. The recent upgrade of the initial BES detector to the improved BES II detector is described. A new drift chamber, time-of-flight counter, luminosity monitor compatible with a low-β lattice was built as well as the vertex chamber.

The Beijing Spectrometer (BES) detector is a general purpose solenoid detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider in Beijing, China. The recent upgrade of the initial BES detector to the improved BES II detector is described. A new drift chamber, time-of-flight counter, luminosity monitor compatible with a low-β lattice was built as well as the vertex chamber.

Cytosolic group IV phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme with key roles in intracellular signaling. The current paradigm for activation of cPLA2 by stimuli proposes that both an increase in intracellular calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation occur together to fully activate the enzyme. Calcium is currently thought to be needed for translocation of the cPLA2 to the membrane via a C2 domain, whereas the role of cPLA2 phosphorylation is less clearly defined. Herein, we report that brief exposure of P388D1 macrophages to UV radiation results in a rapid, cPLA2-mediated arachidonic acid mobilization, without increases in intracellular calcium. Thus, increased Ca2+ availability is a dispensable signal for cPLA2 activation, which suggests the existence of alternative mechanisms for the enzyme to efficiently interact with membranes. Our previous in vitro data suggested the importance of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdInsP2) in the association of cPLA2 to model membranes and hence in the regulation of cPLA2 activity. Experiments described herein show that PtdInsP2 also serves a similar role in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of PtdInsP2 formation during activation conditions leads to inhibition of the cPLA2-mediated arachidonic acid mobilization. These results suggest that cellular PtdInsP2 levels are involved in the regulation of group IV cPLA2 activation.

Polarized and unpolarized neutron scattering techniques along with x-ray diffraction have been used to study the magnetic and structural properties of a single crystal of Nd2CuO4. Long-range magnetic order of the Cu moments develops at TN=245 K, with a simple antiferromagnetic configuration of spins as found in La2NiO4, while the spin directions may be either collinear or noncollinear. Additional abrupt transitions are observed at 75 and 30 K, in which spin reorientations take place. Bragg peaks associated with the crystal structure are found at the same positions as the magnetic Bragg peaks, and indicate that a small distortion of the basic tetragonal structure has occurred above 300 K. At low temperatures the Nd moments also order antiferromagnetically (TN=1.5 K), while an additional transition of a continuous nature is observed at 150 mK.

Polarized and unpolarized neutron-diffraction measurements have been taken to determine the magnetic structure of the Cu spins in the RBa2Cu3O6+x system as a function of temperature. Most of the results have been obtained on two (semiconducting) oxygen-deficient single crystals of composition NdBa2Cu3O6.1 and NdBa2Cu3O6.35. On cooling from the paramagnetic state, the Cu-O plane layers first order at a Néel temperature TN1 in a simple antiferromagnetic arrangement of spins, with TN1=430 K for x=0.1 and TN1=230 K for x=0.35, and with a saturated moment of 0.65B. At a lower temperature TN2 the Cu chain layer also orders, with TN2=80 and 10 K for x=0.1 and 0.35, respectively. Hence both transition temperatures decrease with increasing oxygen concentration in this range of x, and the qualitative behavior for these two samples is found to be identical. We have not, however, observed this low-T structure in polycrystalline samples of either YBa2Cu3O6+x or NdBa2Cu3O6+x, and some possible explanations for this difference in behavior are discussed. For the single crystals in the low-T phase the Cu spins in all three copper-oxygen layers are ordered in a simple antiferromagnetic arrangement, with the magnetic unit cell double the chemical unit cell along all three crystallographic directions. On the basis of the measured integrated intensities of over 40 magnetic reflections in both ordered phases, the results can be accounted for quantitatively with the assumption of a 3d magnetic form factor on the Cu ions, with no need for a significant moment on any of the oxygen ions. At low T, site-averaged moments of 0.35B and 0.8B are obtained in the chain and the plane layers, respectively. The fact that the ordered moment on the plane layers increases in the low-T phase is direct evidence that two-dimensional quantum fluctuations play an important role in the plane layers in the high-T ordered phase. The evolution of the low-T spin structure into the high-T structure involves a noncollinear configuration in which the spins rotate as a function of temperature in the plane layers, while the chain layer becomes thermally disordered. The temperature dependence of the structure indicates that competing interactions between the layers are important, and this is discussed in detail. Finally, exploratory measurements as a function of applied magnetic field indicate that the magnetic anisotropy in the tetragonal plane is much smaller than the exchange energies. © 1990 The American Physical Society.

Neutron-diffraction techniques have been used to study the magnetic ordering of the Nd ions in semiconducting Nd2CuO4 and superconducting Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. For the Ce-doped system a sharp transition to long-range antiferromagnetic order occurs at TN1.2 K, with a simple magnetic unit cell which is double the chemical unit cell along the a and b directions. The same magnetic structure is observed in the parent system Nd2CuO4, in which the Cu spins are also ordered magnetically, but strong coupling between the Nd and Cu sublattices is indicated. © 1990 The American Physical Society.

Neutron-diffraction measurements have been carried out as a function of hydrostatic pressure to study the magnetic order of the Cu spins in NdBa2Cu3O6.35 and NdBa2Cu3O6.1. In the high-temperature phase, where the Cu planes order antiferromagnetically, we find that the Néel temperature TN1 is very strongly dependent on pressure, increasing at the rate of 1/423 K/kbar. We attribute this phenomenal sensitivity to the two-dimensional-like behavior of this magnetic system. In the low-temperature phase, which is associated with magnetic ordering of the chains, only a small change in the ordering temperature TN2 is observed. © 1989 The American Physical Society.

We have employed polarized and unpolarized neutron-diffraction techniques on both powders and single crystals to establish the nature of the magnetic order of the Cu ions in oxygen-deficient (nonsuperconducting) RBa2Cu3O6+x (R=Y,Nd). Magnetic Bragg peaks of the type (h2,k2,l) are observed that yield a magnetic structure in which the Cu spins are coupled antiferromagnetically both in the Cu-O planes as well as along the tetragonal c axis, with the spin direction in the tetragonal plane. The Néel temperature is very sensitive to the oxygen content, with TN(x1/40)500 K, while the spin configuration is independent of x. © 1988 The American Physical Society.

Neutron and X-ray diffraction have been used to study the magnetic and structural properties of single crystal Nd2CuO4. Long range magnetic order of the Cu moments develops at TN=245 K, with a noncollinear antiferromagnetic arrangement of spins. Additional abrupt transitions are observed at 75 K and 30 K, in which a spin reorientation takes place. Bragg peaks associated with the crystal structure are found at the same positions as the magnetic Bragg peaks, and indicate that a distortion of the basic tetragonal structure has occurred above 300 K. © 1989.

Context : There are currently few published studies that compare hippocampal volume (HCV) in children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Aims : T0 o compare HCVs in children with TLE and in relation to normal controls (NC), and to analyze HCV change in the acute phase in pediatric subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Setting and Design : T0 he case group (n=24) was matched in gender and age range with NC subjects (n=24). Subjects were divided into three groups according to age: 2-5.9 years, 6-8.9 years and 9-13 years. Materials and Methods : M0 anual measurements were used to obtain HCVs on oblique coronary MRI images obtained by three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (3D-MPRAGE) sequence. Statistical Analyses : T0 he HCV was calculated and normalized. Paired t-tests were used to compare the right and left HCVs within each study group. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to consider the impact of age and gender on HCVs. Results : T0 wenty-two patients were diagnosed with definite/probable TLE, and two were non-syndromic focal epilepsy which was distributed in the 2-5.9 years group. The range of left to right mean HCVs of the case and NC group aged 2-13 years was 2014.14 ± 54.32 mm 3 to 2165.31 ± 80.99 mm 3 and 2015.46 ± 26.97 mm 3 to 2100.93 ± 57.33 mm 3 respectively. There were age-related differences in left and right HCV, but no effect of gender. Relative to NC subjects, cases group aged 2-5.9 years had significantly different HCVs, while no significant difference was found in the other two groups. There was significant difference in the right to left HCVs in the case subjects aged 2-5.9 years, but not in the other age groups. Conclusions : T0 he heterogeneity in the 2-5.9 years age cohort may relate to the increased HCVs. The HCV data from NC subjects may be used as a reference to assess hippocampal abnormalities in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both mistletoes and their hosts are challenged by increasing drought, highlighting the necessity of understanding their comparative hydraulic properties. The high transpiration of mistletoes requires efficient water transport, while high xylem tensions demand strong embolism resistance, representing a hydraulic paradox. This study, conducted across four environments with different aridity indices in Yunnan, China, examined the xylem traits of 119 mistletoe-host species pairs. Mistletoes showed lower water use efficiency, indicating a more aggressive water use. They also showed lower hydraulic efficiency (lower vessel diameter and theoretical hydraulic conductivity) but higher safety (lower vulnerability index and higher conduit wall reinforcement, vessel grouping index, and wood density) compared with their hosts, supporting the trade-off between efficiency and safety. Environmental variation across sites significantly affected xylem trait comparisons between mistletoes and hosts. Additionally, the xylem traits of mistletoes were strongly influenced by host water supply efficiency. The overall xylem trait relationships in mistletoes and hosts were different. These findings stress the impact of host and site on the hydraulic traits of mistletoes, and suggest that mistletoes may achieve high transpiration by maintaining high stomatal conductance under low water potentials. This study illuminates the distinctive adaptation strategies of mistletoes due to their parasitic lifestyle., (© 2024 The Author(s). New Phytologist © 2024 New Phytologist Foundation.)

Autonomous methods to align beamlines can decrease the amount of time spent on diagnostics, and also uncover better global optima leading to better beam quality. The alignment of these beamlines is a high-dimensional expensive-to-sample optimization problem involving the simultaneous treatment of many optical elements with correlated and nonlinear dynamics. Bayesian optimization is a strategy of efficient global optimization that has proved successful in similar regimes in a wide variety of beamline alignment applications, though it has typically been implemented for particular beamlines and optimization tasks. In this paper, we present a basic formulation of Bayesian inference and Gaussian process models as they relate to multi-objective Bayesian optimization, as well as the practical challenges presented by beamline alignment. We show that the same general implementation of Bayesian optimization with special consideration for beamline alignment can quickly learn the dynamics of particular beamlines in an online fashion through hyperparameter fitting with no prior information. We present the implementation of a concise software framework for beamline alignment and test it on four different optimization problems for experiments on X-ray beamlines at the National Synchrotron Light Source II and the Advanced Light Source, and an electron beam at the Accelerator Test Facility, along with benchmarking on a simulated digital twin. We discuss new applications of the framework, and the potential for a unified approach to beamline alignment at synchrotron facilities., (open access.)

Cytochrome b5 (CYB5) is a hemoprotein crucial for electron transfer to oxygenases. Although microsomal CYB5A is required for sterol C4-demethylation in vitro, cholesterol biosynthesis remains intact in Cyb5a knockout mice. Here, we show that knockout of mitochondrial CYB5B, rather than CYB5A, blocks cholesterol biosynthesis at the sterol-C4 oxidation step in HeLa cells, causing an accumulation of testis meiosis-activating sterol (T-MAS) and dihydro-T-MAS. Surprisingly, liver-specific Cyb5b knockout (L-Cyb5b -/- ) mice exhibit normal cholesterol metabolism. Further knockdown of Cyb5a in L-Cyb5b -/- (L-Cyb5b -/- /short hairpin [sh]Cyb5a) mice leads to a marked accumulation of T-MAS and dihydro-T-MAS, indicating that either CYB5A or CYB5B is required for sterol C4-demethylation. The L-Cyb5b -/- /shCyb5a mice are largely normal, with lower sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-target gene expression during refeeding and higher liver triglyceride levels while fasting, as T-MAS and dihydro-T-MAS inhibit the SREBP pathway and activate the PPARγ pathway. In summary, CYB5A and CYB5B compensate for sterol C4-demethylation, and T-MAS and dihydro-T-MAS can modulate the SREBP and PPARγ pathways., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Symptoms of depression and comorbid anxiety are known risk factors for cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder (MDD). Understanding their relationships is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate cognitive impairments in MDD patients. We expect that the severity of sleep disturbances and other depressive symptoms will be positively correlated with the degree of cognitive impairments. We also hypothesize that anxiety symptoms, especially psychic anxiety, is a key factor in predicting cognitive performance in MDD patients and may indirectly contribute to cognitive impairment by affecting sleep disturbances and other potential factors., Aim: To determine which dimension of the depressive and anxiety symptoms predicts cognitive impairment during a depressive episode., Methods: A comprehensive neurocognitive test battery assessed executive function, attention, processing speed, and memory in 162 medication-free MDD patients and 142 matched healthy controls. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms, and the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale was used to assess anxiety symptoms. Linear regression analyses and mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as their interactions, on cognitive impairments., Results: Among the depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances were associated with poorer executive function ( P = 0.004), lower processing speed ( P = 0.047), and memory impairments ( P < 0.001), and psychomotor retardation (PR) was associated with lower processing speed in patients with MDD ( P = 0.019). Notably, PR was found to mediate the impact of sleep disturbances on the processing speed. Regarding anxiety symptoms, psychic anxiety, rather than somatic anxiety, was associated with cognitive impairments in all aspects. Sleep disturbances mediated the effect of psychic anxiety on executive function [β = -0.013, BC CI (-0.027, -0.001)] and memory [β = -0.149, BC CI (-0.237, -0.063)], while PR mediated its effect on processing speed (β = -0.023, BC CI (-0.045, -0.004)]., Conclusion: Sleep disturbances may be a key predictor of poorer executive function, lower processing speed, and memory loss, while PR is crucial for lower processing speed during a depressive episode. Psychic anxiety contributes to all aspects of cognitive impairments, mediated by sleep disturbances and PR., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)