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Objective The aim of this study was to compare schizophrenia patients with and without Deficit Syndrome (DS) with respect to alexithymia, depression and negative symptoms and to investigate the relationship between these variables. Method A total of 210 schizophrenia patients who joined the study were grouped on the basis of the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS). Each patient was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the UKU - Side Effect Rating Scale (UKU-SERS). Results The DS group had higher alexithymia scores that were not related to the negative symptoms. The prevalence of depression was significantly lower in the same group. Positive symptoms in the DS group were negatively correlated with the two TAS subscales of difficulty describing and identifying feelings. The negative symptoms scores of all the patients with and without DS correlated positively with the mean score on the TAS subscales. The severity of depressive and the negative symptoms predicted alexithymic symptoms. Conclusion Lack of a correlation between the negative symptoms and alexithymic symptoms in DS suggested that the respective symptoms represented different independent phenomena in schizophrenia. A future study might explore the relationship between alexithymia and negative symptoms in association with cognitive functioning.

WOS: 000444722800003 PubMed ID: 30122030 Objective The aim of this study is to investigate whether insight and mentalizing abilities are related to the severity of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in treatment resistant OCD. We look at the association between treatment resistance, insight, and mentalizing ability. Methods The study was conducted with 71 OCD patients; 30 of them met the criteria for treatment resistant OCD, whereas the other 41 (57.7%) were labeled as responder group. All patients were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BARS), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results 'the resistant group received higher depression and anxiety mean scores and had significantly longer illness duration. The RMET score was significantly higher for responders. The Y-BOCS insight score and the BARS score were significantly higher for the resistant group. BARS scores were negatively correlated with RMET total scores. RMET scores were found to be significant predictor of insight even when other potential factors were controlled for. Conclusion Results suggest that better mentalizing abilities may be a predictor of better treatment outcome in patients with OCD.

Aim of this research is toexamine the relationship between parental attitudes in raising children andpersonality types. This research conducted with 500 volunteer parents whom havekids in randomly selected private preschools in İstanbul. The research datawere collected using the "International Personality Inventory ShortVersion" and the "Parent Attitude Scale" and the data wereanalyzed by Descriptive Statistical Methods (Frequency, Percent, Average,Standard deviation) and Pearson Regression analysis with SPSS 23.0 packageprogram. As the result of the research following were found; parents withdemocratic parental attitude were positively correlated with extraversion,docility, conscientiousness, openness to experience personality traits; andnegatively correlated with hostility, disorganization, emotional instability andbeing closed to new ideas personality traits. Parents with authoritarianparental attitude were positively correlated with introversion, hostility,disorganization, emotinal instability, being closed to new ideas personalitytraits; and negatively correlated with extraversion, docility,conscientiousness, openness to experience personality traits. Parents withoverprotective parental attitude positively correlated with conscientiousness,emotional instability, and openness to experience personality traits; andnegatively correlated with disorganization and being closed to new ideaspersonality traits. Lastly parents with permissive parental attitudepositively correlated with hostility, disorganization and emotionalinstability personality traits, Ebevynlerin çocukyetiştirme tutumları ile kişilik yapısı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıylagerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın verileri, İstanbul ilinde rastgele seçilen özelanaokullarında çocuğu olan ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmak isteyen 500 ebeveyndentoplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri “Uluslararası Kişilik Envanteri Kısa Formu”ile “Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmış ve veriler SPSS 23.0 paketprogramı ile Tanımlayıcı İstatistiksel Metotlar (Frekans, Yüzde, Ortalama,Standart sapma) ve Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir.Araştırma sonucunda ebeveyn tutumlarından demokratik tutum, kişilik yapısıolarak dışadönüklük, yumuşakbaşlılık, sorumluluk, gelişime açıklık özellikleriile pozitif; düşmanlık, dağınıklık, duygusal dengesizlik ve yeniliklere kapalıolmak ile negatif bir korelasyon sergilemiştir. Ebeveyn tutumlarından otoritertutum kişilik yapısı olarak içedönüklük, düşmanlık, dağınıklık, duygusaldengesizlik ve yeniliklere kapalı olmak ile pozitif; dışadönüklük, yumuşakbaşlılık,sorumluluk ve gelişime açık olmak özellikleri ile negatif bir korelasyonsergilemiştir. Ebeveyn tutumlarından aşırı koruyucu tutum, kişilik yapılarındansorumluluk, duygusal dengesizlik ve gelişime açık olmak özellikleri ilepozitif; dağınıklık ve yeniklere kapalı olmak ile negatif bir korelasyonsergilemiştir. Son olarak ebeveyn tutumlarından izin verici tutum, kişilikyapılarından düşmanlık, dağınıklık ve duygusal dengesizlik ile pozitif birilişki sergilemiştir.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada intihar amaçlı ası girişiminde bulunmuş ve asıdan kurtulmuş olguların sosyodemografik özellikleri yanı sıra klinik süreçleri ışığında ası komplikasyonları ve yaşamsal tehlike kriterlerinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Adli Tıp Polikliniğinde raporu düzenlenen ası ile intihar girişiminde bulunup asıdan kurtulan 9 olgu sunulmuştur. Bulgular: Dokuz olgunun 3’ü kadın, 6’sı erkektir, yaş ortalaması 40.1, yaş aralığı 20-84 arasında değişmektedir. 2015 yılında bir olgu, 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında 4’er olgu bulunmaktadır. Olay yeri 3 olguda cezaevi, bir olguda orman ve geri kalan 5 olguda evdir. Dört olgu evli, 2 olgu bekar, cezaevinde ası girişimi olan 3 olgunun medeni durumu belli değildir. Ası aracı; cezaevinde girişimde bulunan bir olguda ip, birinde çarşaf ve birinde eşofman ipi iken, ormanda girişimde bulunan bir olgunun kendi giysilerini kullandığı, diğer olgularda ise ası aracının ip olduğu bilgisi edinilmiştir. Altı olguda ası fiilinde kullanılan aracın (ipin) boyunda meydana getirdiği abrazyon tespit edilirken, 2 olguda boyunda herhangi bir lezyon tespit edilmemiş, bunlardan biri boyunda ağrı tariflemiştir. Bir olguda da boyunda herhangi bir travmatik lezyon olduğuna dair bir kayıt yoktur. İntihar öncesi görünen neden; cezaevinde kalan olgulardan birinde belli değilken, birinde hücre cezası, diğerinde koğuşta yalnız kalmak, diğer olguların 5’inde ailevi nedenler ve eşiyle geçinememe iken bir olguda ise belli değildir. Dört olguda bilinç kaybı olmamıştır. Beş olguda kısmi ya da tam bilinç kaybı geliştiği bildirilmiştir. İlk hastane başvurusundaki vital bulgular, bilinç ve Glascow Koma Skalası çerçevesinde olguların hiç birisinde yaşamsal tehlike oluşmadığı, 8’inde travmanın basit tıbbi müdahale ile giderilebilecek nitelikte olduğu, 1 olguda ise basit tıbbi müdahale ile giderilemeyecek nitelikte olduğu kararına varılmıştır. Tartışma ve Sonuç: İntihar hem hastayı hem de beraberinde yakın çevresini ve toplumu ilgilendiren bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışmada ası ile intihar girişiminde bulunmuş ve asıdan kurtulmuş 9 olgunun sosyodemografik verileri, klinik durumlarını ve gelişen komplikasyonları, adli rapor açısından yaşamsal tehlike kriterleri irdelemiştir Objective: The aim of this study was to discuss the sociodemographic characteristics of the near hanging cases, as well as the complications of hanging and the criteria of life hazard in the light of their clinical processes. Materials and Methods: We present 9 cases who survive after suicide attempt by hanging from the Forensic Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Education and Research Hospital. Results: Of the nine cases, 3 were female and 6 were male. The mean age was 40.1 years and the age range ranged from 20-84 years. There was one case in 2015, 4 cases in 2016 and 4 cases in 2017. The crime scene was prison in 3 cases, one was in a forest and the other 5 were in the house. Four cases were married, 2 were single, marital status of 3 cases who had attempted hanging in prison was unclear. Hanging attempt in the prison, while using rope, bed sheet and tracksuit rope, a hanging attempt in the forest used his own clothes, in other cases the suicide tool was seen to be rope. In 6 cases, the abrasion detected in the neck indicating that it was exposed to hanging. In 2 cases, no lesion was found on the neck and one of them described pain in the neck. In one case there was no record of any traumatic lesion on the neck. The reasons that appear before suicide; is not clear in one of the cases in prison, the cell punishment in one, the other is being alone in the ward, 5 of the other cases of family reasons and not to get along with his wife and was not clear in one case. Four patients had no loss of consciousness. Five cases reported partial or complete loss of consciousness. It was concluded that none of the cases in the first hospital admittance, vitality and Glasgow Coma Scale were life-threatening, 8 of them were able to be corrected by simple medical intervention and in 1 patient by simple medical intervention. Discussion and Conclusion: Suicide is a public health problem that concerns both the patient and his / her close environment and society. In this study, sociodemographic data of 9 patients who had attempted suicide with a hangover and survived the study examined the clinical conditions and complications, and the vital hazard criteria for forensic report.

WOS: 000473653200005 Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate patients with fibromyalgia in terms of mentalizing abilities and to identify the relationships between mentalization skills, attachment styles, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in these patients. Method: The sample consisted of 30 patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia and 30 healthy volunteers. Patients with fibromyalgia and the control group were both administered the following battery of tests: Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR-R), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Fibromyalgia group and healthy controls differed significantly in terms of total scores of the RMET. The fibromyalgia group had significantly lower scores in terms of mentalization skills compared to healthy controls. The mean anxiety and depression scores of the fibromyalgia group were higher than in the healthy controls. The mean scores of anxiety and avoidance dimensions in the fibromyalgia group were not different from healthy controls. Conclusion: Fibromyalgia patients were found to have significantly lower mentalizing abilities compared to healthy controls. This study may provide data for clinical applications using mentalization as a tool to understand and treat the patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia more efficiently.

WOS: 000455891800001 Objective: To compare patients with synthetic cannabinoid use disorder with healthy controls in terms of impulsivity, aggression, and theory-of-mind skills, and to identify the correlation between the level of mentalizing skills and aggression and impulsivity. Methods: The study included 80 outpatients who applied to the Erenkoy Mental Health Training and Research Hospital, Sancaktepe Addiction Treatment Outpatient Counselling Training and Rehabilitation Centre (BADEM), and were diagnosed with the synthetic cannabinoid use disorder according to the DSM-5 diagnosis criteria, and 50 healthy volunteers without substance use disorders. The study tools were the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, Addiction Profile Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Results: The scores obtained from Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory by the patients' group were significantly higher than the control group. Although the total scores from Buss-Perry physical and verbal aggression subscales were significantly higher in the patient group, the anger and hostility subscale scores did not differ between the groups. The motor Barratt score was significantly higher in the patients' group than the control group. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of Barratt attention, non-planning Barratt, and total Barratt scores. There was also no significant difference between the groups in terms of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes scores. A positive correlation was observed between Buss-Perry and Barratt scores. There was no significant correlation between the scores from both scales and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes scores. Conclusion: The patients with SC use disorder are frequently inclined to suffer from anxiety and depression, and may have an increased aggression. It was concluded that the aggression and impulsivity observed in those people might be associated with each other, whereas they have no correlation with the theory-of-mind skills.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy and tolerability of depot antipsychotic use in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in remission and to compare these patient groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, drug side effects, disease severity and other clinical variablesMaterials and Methods: One hundred patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, 100 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder who are improved taken into the study. Schizophrenia and bipolar group were divided into two groups according to depot antipsychotic use and non-use. Schizophrenia patients' group and the bipolar disorder group were both administered the following battery of tests: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, UKU Side Effect Rating Scale (The Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side Effect Rating Scale), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) World Health Organization Questionnaire on Quality of Life: Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF).Results: All patients using and not using long acting neuroleptics do not differ in terms of additional psychiatric diagnosis, family history of mental illness, family history of suicide. There was a significant difference between the patients using and not using the depot antipsychotic in terms of ECT story and suicide attempt. Conclusion: Examination of the efficacy of depot drug use in chronic patients shows that reduction of suicide attempt and in use of ECT are similar, and side effects of depot antipsychotic use are similar to oral use., Amaç: Bu çalışmada remisyondaki şizofreni ve bipolar bozukluk hastalarında depo antipsikotik kullanmanın etkinliği ve güvenirliğinin sosyodemografik özellikler, ilaç yan etkileri, hastalık şiddeti, yaşam kalitesi ve diğer klinik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Psikiyatri polikliniğinde izlenen DSM-IV TR ölçütlerine göre şizofreni ve bipolar tip I bozukluk tanısı konan ve çalışmaya katılım ölçütlerini karşılayan, remisyon dönemindeki 100 bipolar bozukluk, 100 şizofreni hastası ardışık olarak çalışmaya alınmıştır. Şizofreni ve bipolar grubu depo antipsikotik kullanan ve kullanmayan olarak ikişer gruba ayrılmıştır. Katılımcılar Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, MINI Uluslarararası Psikiyatrik Görüşme, UKU Yan Etki Ölçeği, Kısa Psikiyatrik Değerlendirme Ölçeği (KPDÖ), Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği Kısa Formu Türkçe Versiyonu (WHOQOL-BREF) ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Depo nöroleptik kullanan ve kullanmayan tüm hastalar ek psikiyatrik tanı, ailede ruhsal hastalık, ailede intihar öyküsü açısından farklılaşmamaktadır. Hastalar intihar girişimi ve EKT öyküsü açısından depo antipsikotik kullananlar ve kullanmayanlar olarak karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı fark saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Kronik hastalarda depo ilaç kullanımının etkinliği incelendiğinde, intihar girişimi ve EKT kullanımında azalma olacak şekilde görüldüğü ve depo antipsikotik kullanımının yan etkilerinin de oral kullanımı ile benzer olduğunu göstermektedir.

WOS: 000447766200002 Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the association of treatment adherence, quality of life and insight among bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients who are in remission and to reveal which variables predict the treatment adherence. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study with 150 schizophrenia and 150 bipolar disorder patients in remission. The patients were administered Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Schedule for Assessing the Three Components of Insight (SAI), World Health Organization Questionnaire on Quality of Life: Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF), Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). We compared WHOQOL-BREF scores of the bipolar and schizophrenia patients. We checked the correlation between SAI scores and BPRS scores as well as between SAI scores and WHOQOL-BREF scores for both groups. We set MARS results (adherent vs. non-adherent) as a dependent variable and conducted logistic regression with all the clinical variables available to find a predictor for treatment adherence. Results: WHOQOL-BREF scores were found to be similar and positively correlated with insight for both groups. BPRS scores were found to be negatively correlated with insight for both groups. SAI treatment acceptance was found to be the only predictor of treatment adherence independent of the other clinical variables. Discussion: A strong positive relationship between insight and treatment adherence suggests that treatment adherence of patients with good insight is better. The positive relationship between insight and quality of life shows that insight is an important factor in terms of quality of life and reveals the importance of insight oriented therapies.

Merih Altintas,1 Leman Inanc,2 Gamze Akcay Oruc,1 Selim Arpacioglu,1 Huseyin Gulec1 1Department of Psychiatry, Erenköy Mental and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, 2Department of Psychiatry, Dr Cevdet Aykan Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Tokat, Turkey Background: This study aimed to evaluate synthetic cannabinoid (SC)-induced psychosis in terms of patient profile and clinical characteristics with reference to concurrently hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Methods: A total of 81 male patients diagnosed with psychotic disorder induced by the use of SCs (n=50; mean (standard deviation [SD]) age: 25.9 (5.5) years) or with schizophrenia (n=31, mean (SD) age: 42.9 (11.6) years) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, diagnosis criteria who were concurrently hospitalized at Erenköy Mental and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital were included in this cross-sectional study. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were recorded in all the patients. Results: Mean (SD) age at disease onset in SC-induced psychosis patients was 22.3 (5.6)years; 26.0% had suicidal ideation and 58.4% were hospitalized involuntarily. Marijuana was the most common first used substance (72.0%), and solitary use of SC was noted in 38.0% of patients. SC-induced psychosis patients had similar PANSS positive, BPRS, HRSD, and FAB scores and significantly lower PANSS negative scores (18.0 [6.5] vs 22.3 [6.0], P=0.004) than patients with schizophrenia, while they had similar HAM-A scores (17.8 [10.3] vs 21.6 [5.5], P=0.085) as young schizophrenics. Age at onset for SC (r=0.364, P=0.05) or substance (r=0.395, P=0.01) use was correlated positively with total FAB scores.Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings revealed SC-induced psychosis to influence young individuals and be associated with remarkable rates of suicidal ideation and involuntary hospitalization as well as similar clinical picture with schizophrenia in terms of PANSS positive, BPRS, HRSD, HAM-A, and FAB scores. Younger age at onset was associated with poorer frontal lobe functions overall, regardless of the type of substance, and with poorer inhibitory control and programming performance in case of SC use. Keywords: synthetic cannabinoid, psychosis, schizophrenia, frontal lobe, cognition, psychotogenic, bonzai

OZETGec baslangicli sizofreni, hem klinik hem de norobiyolojik degisikliklerin oldugu, 45 yas ve uzerinde baslayan bir bozukluktur. 65 yas uzerinde basladiginda ise cok gec baslangicli sizofreni benzeri psikoz adi verilir. Toplumda %0,2 gibi nadir bir oranda gorulmektedir. Paranoid ozellikler ve isitsel varsanilar on plandadir. Sizofrenik olgular arasindaki orani % 15 kadardir. Gec ve cok gec baslangic kadinlarda daha sik gorulmektedir. ICD-10 ve DSM-IV'de, sizofreni icin gec baslangic kategorisi bulunmamaktadir. Sizofreninin temel semptomatolojisinden farklilik gostermemekle birlikte, demansiyel surece benzeyen klinigi nedeni ile tani karmasalarina yol acmaktadir. Bu yazida, sizofreniye benzer belirtileri ilk kez 78 yasinda ortaya cikan, klinik tabloda suphecilik ve isitsel halusinasyonlar on planda olan ve atipik antipsikotik tedaviye oldukca iyi yanit alinan bir olgu sunulmustur. Bu olgu, toplumda yasli nufusun giderek arttigi gunumuzde cok gec baslangicli sizofreni benzeri psikoz tanisinin gozardi edi...

Relationship of sociodemographic features, clinical symptoms and functioning level among bipolar patients with manic episode and difference between these variables according to gender Objective: We aimed to investigate the difference in socio-demographic features, clinical symptoms, functioning level and relationship between those variables according to gender among bipolar patients with manic episode. Methods: One hundred men and 100 women between ages 18 and 65, who met DSM-IV criteria for the lastepisode of mania in the course of bipolar disorder and required inpatient treatment were recruited. We excluded those who had comorbid mental disorders or history of alcohol and drug abuse or dependence. Patients were assessed by Socio-demographic Evaluation Questionnaire, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire and List for Evaluating Sleep, Libido and Eating Behaviors. Results: Marriage rate, presence of triggering life events, scores of subscale evaluating household relations were found significantly higher in women. Competence of working, libido and subscales evaluating sexual functioning, participation to social activities, hobbies and occupation were found significantly higher in men. Libido was decreasing with age in women, while it was stable in men. Age of onset for the disease in men was significantly related with their intellectual functioning subscale scores. Marriage was associated with lower scores of subscales evaluating participation to social activities, daily activities, hobbies and taking initiative, self sufficiency in women and feeling of stigma in men. Conclusions: As a result of the study, certain gender differences were found in socio-demographic features, clinic symptoms, disease severity and functioning of bipolar patients with manic episode. Those differences

In 1975 Fieve and Dunner made the distinction between hypomania and mania as hypomania does not usually cause social and occupational impair-ment and hospitalization is not needed, moreover patients do not experience psychosis. Bipolar disorder type I is defined by the presence of manic and depressive episodes and differs from Bipolar disorder type II characterized with hipomanic and depressive episodes. Bipolar disorder type I and II do not differ in their depressive episodes. It is still point of contention whether bipolar type II is a variant of bipolar disorder type I or is positioned on the spectrum between bipolar type I and unipolar disorder. Even there are some similarities in characteristics of depressive episodes and outcome features of different bipolar disorder subtypes, there are differences that can be useful in differential diagnosis and treatment. This paper aims to focus on those differences between bipolar disorder type I and II.

Bipolar bozuklukta cinsiyetin etkisini arastiran calismalar son yillarda giderek artmaktadir. Karma atak ve disforik durumlar, depresif atak, hizli dongululuk, mevsimsel gidis, hipotiroidi, migren ve obezite basta olmak uzere bedensel hastalik estanisi bipolar bozuklugu olan kadinlarda erkeklerden daha sik gorulmektedir. Alkol ve madde kullanim bozuklugu es tanisi erkek bipolar bozukluk olgularinda daha sik olmakla birlikte, kadinlarda alkol ve madde kullanim bozuklugu gelistirme riski, erkek bipolar bozukluk olgularina gore daha yuksektir. Bipolar bozuklugu olan kadinlarda iki yasam donemi, gebelik ve dogum sonrasi donem, alevlenme ve yinelemeler yonunden ozel onem tasimaktadir.