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Minha Hong,1 JJ Sandra Kooij,2,3 Bongseog Kim,4 Yoo-Sook Joung,5 Hanik K Yoo,6 Eui-Jung Kim,7 Soyoung Irene Lee,8 Soo-Young Bhang,9 Seung Yup Lee,10 Doug Hyun Han,11 Young Sik Lee,11 Geon Ho Bahn10 1Department of Psychiatry, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea; 2PsyQ, Psycho-Medical Programs, Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands; 3Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 4Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 5Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 6Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Seoul Brain Research Institute, Seoul, Korea; 7Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; 8Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea; 9Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 10Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 11Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaCorrespondence: Geon Ho Bahn Department of PsychiatryKyung Hee University School of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemungu, Seoul 02447, KoreaTel +82-2-958-8556Fax +82-2-957-1997Email mompeian@khu.ac.krBackground: This study was to assess the validity of the Korean version of the semi-structured Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD, third edition (DIVA-5). The secondary aim was to compare sociodemographic and psychiatric comorbidities in adult patients with and without a diagnosis of ADHD.Methods: A total of 279 participants were recruited from nine psychiatric outpatient clinics in Korea. All participants were administered the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Plus v.5.0.0, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v1.1 (ASRS-v1.1) Symptom Checklist, and DIVA-5. Diagnosis concordance between two board-certified psychiatrists and DIVA-5 were analysed.Results: The DIVA-5 showed a diagnostic accuracy of 92%, a sensitivity of 91.30%, and a specificity of 93.62%. Significant clinical and demographic differences between ADHD and control groups were found.Conclusion: The Korean version of DIVA-5 is a reliable tool for assessing and diagnosing ADHD in adult Korean populations.Keywords: adult ADHD, validity, DIVA-5, Korean

Jaewon Lee,1,* Sam-Wook Choi,2,* Kyoung Min Kim,3 Young Sik Lee,4 Jun Won Kim51Department of Psychiatry, Easybrain Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Psychiatry, True Mind Mental Health Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: Gambling disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling. In the present study, we evaluated the characteristics of resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings in patients with gambling disorder. In addition, we explored the association between the EEG characteristics of the patients and the stages of change in a transtheoretical model.Methods: All participants were men who visited a gambling disorder clinic in Seoul, Korea. At the assessment, questionnaires, including the Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RCQ), were administered and resting-state EEGs were carried out. Participants were grouped based on Ward’s method for cluster analysis. Independent sample t-tests were used to evaluate group differences. To assess the relationship between the clinical data and the EEG recordings, we used Pearson’s partial correlation analysis.Results: Overall, 63 male participants were enrolled. Cluster analysis of the alpha activity revealed two clusters. No significant differences were observed in the demographic or clinical data between the two groups except for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We found that the precontemplation score of the RCQ was positively correlated with the z-score of the relative alpha power in almost all cortical regions.Conclusion: This study suggests that EEG parameters, particularly alpha activity, could inform us about the subtypes or stages of change in gambling disorder. Alpha power is the predominant EEG rhythm in a relaxed, alert person; thus, alpha power serves as an index of relaxation. We expect that the level of alpha activity could be utilized as an additional parameter to help clinicians assess and treat patients with gambling disorder.Keywords: quantitative electroencephalography, gambling disorder, stages-of-change model, alpha activity

The coastal regions of Yeosu, the South Sea of Korea, has occurred annually the red tide which is caused by potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate C. polykrikoides, with a wide avenue for exchange with oceanic waters and freshwater runoff from Sumjin river. We attempted to examine the variability in response to vertical migration and concentration of extracted DNA/RNA of C. polykrikoides exposed to salinity-stratified waters. The experimental aquarium of the 60 liter was employed to culture C. polykrikoides. One aquarium was supplied with only sea water, the other was consisted of sea water and freshwater. Experiment was conducted for 5 days. In experimental column (mixture of freshwater and sea water), salinity was maintained to 20 at upper and approximately 30 at bottom during the period of this study. The fluctuation with related to dissolved oxygen and pH was similar pattern to both columns. Chlorophyll a was significantly higher value at upper than bottom. During 24h, chlorphyll a on experimental column was extremely high on the top as soon as lighting, compared with control. With elapsed time, the gap between experimental and control columns was a little. In darkness, chlorophyll a was not significantly different between upper and bottom, most cells appeared to randomly distribute on column regardless of water layer. Fluctuation with related to concentration of extracted DNA and RNA based on ratio of absorbance of 260 and 280 nm in experimental column was higher at final day or diel migration than control. These results implied that a large volume of freshwater could be associated with influence of concentration of DNA and RNA, in particular, rapid upward movement caused massive fish kills as soon as sunset.

In order to study the temporal variations of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in the Bottol Bada, three field observations were carried out on 20, 23 and 26 July, 2004. The low N:P values exhibit nitrogen deficiency during the periods of observation. This result is not representative of typical summer environment in the southern coast of Korea. The possible mechanisms are as follows: 1) The freshwater inflow was not sufficient for the supply of nitrogen because the total precipitation was 11.9 mm in July, 2004. This amount is no more than in normal precipitation in July. 2) There was an inflow of oceanic water under the subsurface into the Bottol Bada. Even though the oceanic water comprises more nutrients, it produces the stratification between the surface and the subsurface water and seems to prevent the supply of nutrinets to the surface layer. 3) The high chlorophyll-a concentration of was shown near the narrow channel between Gae-do and Geumo-do. This seems to be resulted from the inflow of water from Gamak Bay.

Based on the observation on 20, 23 and 26 July 2004, the distributions of temperature, salinity and stratification was investigated in relation to ebb, turn of tide and flood. The results are as follows: I) The high temperature and low saline water with existed at Naro Island. 2) The cold surface water below appeared in the area near Gae Island and Geumo Island. 3) The cold and saline water, below at the surface and near the bottom, at the surface and near the bottom, existed in Sori Island. These waters were more saline compared to the South Sea Coastal Water with about 31.8psu. This suggests that the oceanic saline water intruded into the Bottol Bada through the area near Sori Island. The stratification appeared during all the observation periods due to a high solar radiation of , and a weak wind speed of 2.9m/s on the average while the mean speed of wind in July is around 3.9 m/s. It qualitatively suggested that the stratification was maintained during the observation periods because of a high solar radiation, a weak wind speed and intrusion of saline oceanic water.