Search

International audience; IntroductionCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare disease with highly variable clinical presentation and outcomes. Clinical studies suggest a role of inflammation and coagulation in CVST outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of inflammation and hypercoagulability biomarkers with CVST clinical manifestations and prognosis.MethodsThis prospective multicenter study was conducted from July 2011 to September 2016. Consecutive patients referred to 21 French stroke units and who had a diagnosis of symptomatic CVST were included. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), D-dimer, and thrombin generation using calibrated automated thrombogram system were measured at different time points until 1 month after anticoagulant therapy discontinuation.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-one patients were included. Eight patients died, of whom 5 during hospitalization. The day 0 hs-CRP levels, NLR, and D-dimer were higher in patients with initial consciousness disturbance than in those without (hs-CRP: 10.2 mg/L [3.6-25.5] vs 23.7 mg/L [4.8-60.0], respectively; NLR: 3.51 [2.15-5.88] vs 4.78 [3.10-9.59], respectively; D-dimer: 950 μg/L [520-2075] vs 1220 μg/L [950-2445], respectively). Patients with ischemic parenchymal lesions (n = 31) had a higher endogenous thrombin potential5pM than those with hemorrhagic parenchymal lesions (n = 31): 2025 nM min (1646-2441) vs 1629 nM min (1371-2090), respectively (P = .0082). Using unadjusted logistic regression with values >75th percentile, day 0 hs-CRP levels of >29.7 mg/L (odds ratio, 10.76 [1.55-140.4]; P = .037) and day 5 D-dimer levels of >1060 mg/L (odds ratio, 14.63 [2.28-179.9]; P = .010) were associated with death occurrence.ConclusionTwo widely available biomarkers measured upon admission, especially hs-CRP, could help predict bad prognosis in CVST in addition to patient characteristics. These results need to be validated in other cohorts.

Introduction: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare disease with highly variable clinical presentation and outcome. Etiological assessment may be negative. The clinical and radiological presentation and evolution can be highly variable. The mechanisms involved in this variability remain unknown.Objective: The aim of this multicenter French study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02013635) was therefore to prospectively recruit a cohort of patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (FPCCVT) in order to study thrombin generation and clot degradation, and to evaluate their influence on clinical radiological characteristics. The first part of the study was to compare our cohort with a reference cohort.Methods: This prospective, multicenter, French study was conducted from July 2011 to September 2016. Consecutive patients (aged >15 years) referred to the stroke units of 21 French centers and who had a diagnosis of symptomatic CVT were included. All patients gave their written informed consent. The diagnosis of CVT had to be confirmed by imaging. Clinical, radiological, biological, and etiological characteristics were recorded at baseline, at acute phase, at 3 months and at last follow-up visit. Thrombophilia screening and the choice of treatment were performed by the attending physician. All data were compared with data from the International Study on CVT published by Ferro et al.Results: Two hundred thirty-one patients were included: 117 (50.6%) had isolated intracranial hypertension, 96 (41.5%) had focal syndrome. During hospitalization, 229 (99.1%) patients received anticoagulant treatment. Median length of hospital stay was 10 days. Five patients died during hospitalization (2.2%). At 3 months, 216 patients (97.0%) had follow-up with neurological data based on an outpatient visit. The mean duration of antithrombotic treatment was 9 months, and the mean time to last follow-up was 10.5 months. At the end of follow-up, eight patients had died, and 26 patients were lost to follow-up. At least one risk factor was identified in 200 patients.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the FPCCVT cohort had radiological, biological, and etiological characteristics similar to the historical ISCVT cohort. Nevertheless, the initial clinical presentation was less severe in our study probably due to an improvement in diagnostic methods between the two studies.

Detection of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) by point-of-care tests has not been validated after successful fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We assessed the validity of the point-of-care VerifyNow P2Y12 (VN) and INNOVANCE PFA P2Y (PFA) tests on HPR compared to light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) in these patients. The HPR was identified in 10 (34.5%) patients, 15 (51.7%) patients, and 14 (50%) patients using LTA, VN, and PFA, respectively. Discrepancies were observed between the tests despite significant correlations between platelet reactivity measures by LTA and VN ( r = 0.74; P < .0001) and LTA and PFA ( r = .75; P < .0001). Compared to LTA, VN and PFA were associated with a 92% and 53% and 92% and 64% positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), respectively, in detecting HPR. When combined, VN and PFA results yielded 90% and 100% PPV and NPV values if discrepancies between the 2 tests were considered as non-HPR. The VN or PFA identify patients without HPR correctly but overestimate the proportion of HPR patients. The association of the 2 tests, in case of HPR, improves the accuracy of the detection of HPR.

To analyse the association between patients’ socioeconomic position (SEP) and the use of emergency departments (EDs). This population-based study included all visits to ED in 2012 by inhabitants of the French Midi-Pyrenees region, recorded by the Regional Emergency Departments Observatory. We compared ED visit rates and the proportion of non-severe visits according to the patients’ SEP as assessed by the European Deprivation Index. We analysed 496,388 visits. The annual ED visit rate increased with deprivation level: 165.9 [95% CI (164.8–166.9)] visits per 1000 inhabitants among the most advantaged group, compared to 321.9 [95% CI (320.3–323.5)] per 1000 among the most disadvantaged. However, the proportion of non-severe visits was about 14% of the visits, and this proportion did not differ according to SEP. Although the study shows a difference of ED visit rates, the probability of a visit being non-severe is not meaningfully different according to SEP. This supports the assumption that ED visit rate variations according to SEP are mainly explained by SEP-related differences in health states rather than SEP-related differences in health behaviours.

As regulation on dioxin and furan contamination of foodstuffs was lacking in France, French Sanitary Authorities managed the crisis triggered by such environmental or food pollutions by turning to the statements and recommendations issued by CSHPF (Conseil Supérieur d’Hygiène Publique de France) and later by AFSSA (Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments). The maximum levels set by EU regulations for various products intended for human or animal consumption are applicable since July 1st 2002., En l’absence de réglementation relative à la contamination des denrées alimentaires par les dioxines et furannes en France, les autorités sanitaires françaises ont géré les différentes crises déclenchées lors de pollutions environnementales ou alimentaires par ces contaminants en se fondant sur les avis et recommandations du Conseil Supérieur d’Hygiène Publique de France (CSHPF) puis de l’Agence Française de sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA). Depuis le 1er juillet 2002, la réglementation communautaire fixant des teneurs maximales dans un certain nombre de produits destinés à l’alimentation humaine et animale est applicable., Le Querrec Frédérique. Réglementation relative aux dioxines et furannes dans les denrées alimentaires. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 156 n°3, 2003. pp. 17-21.

Etude de la repercussion sur l'economie marchande, de l'implantation de cooperatives de peche au Quebec. (1930-1945).

The U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)-specific U1C protein participates in 5′ splice site recognition and regulation of pre-mRNA splicing. Based on an RNA-Seq analysis in HeLa cells after U1C knockdown, we found a conserved, intra-U1 snRNP cross-regulation that links U1C and U1-70K expression through alternative splicing and U1 snRNP assembly. To investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism, we combined mutational minigene analysis, in vivo splice-site blocking by antisense morpholinos, and in vitro binding experiments. Alternative splicing of U1-70K pre-mRNA creates the normal (exons 7–8) and a non-productive mRNA isoform, whose balance is determined by U1C protein levels. The non-productive isoform is generated through a U1C-dependent alternative 3′ splice site, which requires an adjacent cluster of regulatory 5′ splice sites and binding of intact U1 snRNPs. As a result of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of the non-productive isoform, U1-70K mRNA and protein levels are down-regulated, and U1C incorporation into the U1 snRNP is impaired. U1-70K/U1C-deficient particles are assembled, shifting the alternative splicing balance back towards productive U1-70K splicing, and restoring assembly of intact U1 snRNPs. Taken together, we established a novel feedback regulation that controls U1-70K/U1C homeostasis and ensures correct U1 snRNP assembly and function., Author Summary The accurate removal of intervening sequences (introns) from precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) represents an essential step in the expression of most eukaryotic protein-coding genes. Alternative splicing can create from a single primary transcript various mature mRNAs with diverse, sometimes even antagonistic, biological functions. Many human diseases are based on alternative-splicing defects, and most interestingly, certain defects are caused by mutations in general splicing factors that participate in each splicing event. To address the question of how a general splicing factor can regulate alternative splicing events, here we investigated the regulatory role of the U1C protein, a specific component of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) and important in initial 5′ splice site recognition. Our RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that U1C affects more than 300 cases of alternative splicing in the human system. One U1C target, U1-70K, appeared to be particularly interesting, because both protein products are components of the U1 snRNP and functionally depend on each other. Analyzing the mechanistic basis of this intra-U1 snRNP cross-regulation, we discovered a U1C-dependent alternative splicing switch in the U1-70K pre-mRNA that regulates U1-70K expression. In sum, this feedback loop controls and links U1C and U1-70K homeostasis to guarantee correct U1 snRNP assembly and function.

With rare exceptions, the more than 600 human hemoglobin variants described are caused by a single point mutation. Other abnormal features, such as unequal crossing-over, frameshift mutagenesis or double mutations in the same polypeptide chain, have seldom been encountered. We report two new variants caused by such rare mutational events. Hb Zaïre [alpha 116(GH4)-His-Leu-Pro-Ala-Glu-117 (GH5)] is the second example in which a short amino acid sequence is inserted within the alpha-chain. This abnormal hemoglobin results from a tandem repetition of 5 amino-acid residues, from sequence 112 through 116, at the end of the GH corner. Hb Duino is an unstable hemoglobin. It presents within the same beta-chain, the association of two rare point mutations; these substitutions are those found in Hb Newcastle [beta 92(F8)His----Pro] and in Hb Camperdown [beta 104(G6)Arg----Ser]. Family studies demonstrated that the Hb Newcastle abnormality was a de novo mutation of a gene already carrying the Hb Camperdown substitution.

In 2003, 14 cases of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Newport infections were reported. This is the first documented foodborne outbreak of multidrug-resistant S. Newport in France. The blaCMY gene was present in all isolates. All cases reported having eaten horse meat from a common wholesaler. The country of origin of the imported meat could not be identified.

Salmonelloses are one are the main causes of foodborne infections in industrialised countries. In France, the incidence of human salmonellosis recorded by the National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella (CNRSS) in 2001 was 21 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis represented 39% of cases (1). This article reports the investigation results of two community outbreaks of salmonellosis that occurred simultaneously in the south west of France, and which were linked to the consumption of cheese made from raw milk.

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess by biological markers the in vivo consequences of foam sclerotherapy (FS) of saphenous veins. The secondary objective of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to compare results of two randomised groups: with or without post-treatment compression.Patients and methodsForty patients with incompetent great or small saphenous veins underwent ultrasound-guided FS. Randomisation was conducted immediately after sclerotherapy to two parallel groups, one (CG) with compression stockings and the other (WCG) without compression.A laboratory work-up was done on days 0 (before sclerotherapy), 1, 7, 14 and 28. The studied markers were: fibrinogen, factor VIII, thrombomodulin, thrombin–antithrombin complex, D-dimers, platelet factor 4 and troponin.ResultsGeneral data repartition was homogenous for CG and WCG. Twenty patients were included in each group (females 90%; mean age 58 years). On day 28 (D28), the occlusion rate of the veins was 100% in both groups. In all the samples (D0–D28), apart from a moderate D-dimers’ increase at D1–D14, no significant biological change was observed in either the WCG or the CG groups.ConclusionIn terms of inflammation and coagulation, FS seems to have a minimal effect on peripheral blood, either with or without post-treatment compression and does not appear to have an effect on the myocardial risk.

In France, listeriosis surveillance is based on mandatory notification of all culture-confirmed cases, with systematic typing of isolates and routine collection of the patient's food history. From October 1999 to March 2000, two outbreaks of listeriosis were detected through this enhanced surveillance system. In outbreak 1, analysis of the food histories of cases suggested brand X "rillettes," a pâte-like meat product, as the vehicle of infection, and the outbreak strain of Listeria monocytogenes was subsequently isolated from the incriminated rillettes. In outbreak 2, a case-control study showed that consumption of jellied pork tongue was strongly associated with infection with the outbreak strain (odds ratio = 75.5, 95% confidence interval: 4.7, 1,216.0). However, trace-back results did not permit incrimination of any particular manufacturer of jellied pork tongue, and the outbreak strain was not isolated from the incriminated food or from any production sites. Consumption of jellied pork tongue was discouraged on epidemiologic evidence alone. The consecutive occurrence of these two outbreaks confirms the epidemic potential of listeriosis, even in a context of decreasing incidence, and underlines the importance of timely case-reporting and systematic typing of human L. monocytogenes strains to allow early detection and separate investigation of different clusters.

Iodine concentrations were determined in 848 samples of milk from tanks of 537 dairy factories collected in 1983 and 1984 during winter and summer. Industrial processing, like pasteurization, UHT sterilization and spray-drying, had no effect on iodine concentrations. Of the samples of bovine milk, 94.7% ranged between 10 to 250 μg/kg. Iodine in bovine milk averaged 97 and 93 μg/kg in the winter of 1983 and 1984, and 44 and 23 μg/kg in the summer of 1983 and 1984. The frequency of iodine concentrations above the 500 μg/kg limit was 0.5% in 1983 and 0.3% in 1984. Iodine in ovine milk varied from 116 to 1183 μg/kg. Of the ovine milk samples 53.3% were above 500 μg/kg. Thus the iodine content of milk, is not yet a health problem in France.

Fac-similé original PDF OCR, en archives ouvertes avec l'aimable autorisation de l'éditeur.A la date de publication de cet ouvrage, Claude Macherel était membre du LESC (Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative), Université Paris X Nanterre/CNRS. Source : exemplaire auteur. Négociation de l'autorisation avec l'éditeur : auteur. Numérisation : fonds propres du IIAC UMR8177 CNRS/EHESS. Je remercie Jean-François Gossiaux, directeur de l'UMR8177, pour son solide soutien dans l'opération Archives ouvertes du IIAC.; L'étude est le fruit d'une enquête ethnographique conduite par les auteurs, en collaboration avec Roland Meyer, à temps partie entre la fin d'octobre 1973 et la fin mars 1974. Le cahier des charges comportait trois points : (a) "réaliser une photographie du mode de vie actuel" (b) d'un bourg et d'un village comptant respectivement 1 500 et 1 000 habitants environ, (c) situés l'un et l'autre à proximité immédiate du site d'édification de la Ville Nouvelle du Vaudreuil.Ce texte est une version revue et corrigée du rapport de recherche présenté au Secrétariat Général du Haut Comité de l'Environnement au terme de la convention de recherche 73-70 du 8 août 1973, passée entre le Ministère de la protection de la nature et de l'environnement et l'université de Paris X. La présente édition, prise en charge par le service de publication du laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative de l'université de Paris-X, reste limitée. Elle n'est pas destinée à la vente et nous souhaitons qu'elle soit, pour les Lérysiens, l'occasion et le moyen de poursuivre le dialogue qu'ils ont accepté d'engager avec nous.