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Background: Individuals who have substance use disorders may have an elevated risk of suicidality. This study sought to examine the prevalence of, and identify factors associated with, suicidality in adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) initiating office-based buprenorphine treatment. Methods: Individuals were eligible to participate if they had OUD and had initiated treatment in the past month. Participants (n = 244) completed a semi-structured interview using the Addiction Severity Index—Lite. Results: At baseline, 37.70% of participants reported significant thoughts of suicide over their lifetime and 27.46% reported suicidal attempts over their lifetime. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of lifetime suicidal thoughts and attempts. A history of physical abuse (OR = 4.31, p <.001), having chronic pain-related conditions (OR = 3.28, p <.001), a history of depression (OR = 3.30, p =.001) or anxiety (OR = 7.47, p =.001), and Latino/a/x ethnicity (OR = 2.66, p =.01) were associated with an increased risk of lifetime suicidal thoughts. A history of sexual abuse (OR = 2.89, p =.01), Latino/a/x ethnicity (OR = 4.01, p <.001), a history of depression (OR = 4.03, p =.001) or anxiety (OR = 15.65, p =.007) and having a chronic pain-related condition (OR = 2.43, p =.01), were associated with an increased risk of lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusions: Results demonstrate the high prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts among patients initiating buprenorphine. Findings may help to better identify at-risk patients and to inform screening, prevention, and mental health treatment efforts. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04650386 (registered 12 December 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04650386) and NCT04257214 (registered 5 February 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04257214). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing uncertainties concerning the beta band of NO as well as to test the adequacy of the molecular quantum defect orbital (MQDO) procedure to describe the vibronic levels of a valence state that is subject to the interaction with Rydberg state (3ppi(C(sub 2)pi)--B(super 2)pi) or of the Rydberg--valence state of NO is studied. The high ratio between the quality of results and the computational effort of this procedure is undoubtedly linked to its analyticity.

Rotationally resolved vibrational spectra are reported for a total of 15 hydrogen-HF clusters formed in helium nanodroplets, each with a different size (up to 6 hydrogens), or isotopic (H(sub 2)/D(sub 2) or ortho/para composition. Symmetry breaking in the mixed ortho/para complexes gives rise to both parallel and perpendicular transitions in the (H(sub 2))(sub)n-HF complexes, where as only parallel transitions are observed in the spectra of the mixed ortho/para (D(sub 2))(sub)n-HF complexes.

The photoionization of nitric oxide from its ground state is studied with the molecular-adapted quantum defect orbital (MQDO) method. Partial differential oscillator strengths for the different Rydberg series that constitute the ionization channels of NO from its ground are calculated up to photon energy of 60eV.

Absorption oscillator strengths for the various bands of NO2, which are relevant to the study of atmospheric processes, are presented. The findings appear to be in good accord with the available experimental values and with some exceptions, conform fairly well with theoretical data derived from rather more sophisticated methods.

A coupled-cluster theoretical approach is employed to determine the vertical excitation energies of different, low-lying Rydberg states of hydrogen chloride (HCl). The electronic state properties of HCl are highly influenced by the process of vibrational stretching.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a significant transformation of scientific journals. Our aim was to determine how critical care (CC) journals and their impact may have evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that the impact, as measured by citations and publications, from the field of CC would increase., Design: Observational study of journal publications, citations, and retractions status., Setting: All work was done electronically and retrospectively., Subjects: The top 18 CC journals broadly concerning CC, and the top 5 most productive CC journals on the SCImago list., Interventions: None., Measurements and Main Results: For the top 18 CC journals and specifically Critical Care Medicine (CCM), time series analysis was used to estimate the trends of total citations, citations per publication, and publications per year by using the best-fit curve. We used PubMed and Retraction Watch to determine the number of COVID-19 publications and retractions. The average total citations and citations per publication for all journals was an upward quadratic trend with inflection points in 2020, whereas publications per year spiked in 2020 before returning to prepandemic values in 2021. For CCM total publications trend downward while total citations and citations per publication generally trend up from 2017 onward. CCM had the lowest percentage of COVID-related publications (15.7%) during the pandemic and no reported retractions. Two COVID-19 retractions were noted in our top five journals., Conclusions: Citation activity across top CC journals underwent a dramatic increase during the COVID-19 pandemic without significant retraction data. These trends suggest that the impact of CC has grown significantly since the onset of COVID-19 while maintaining adherence to a high-quality peer-review process., Competing Interests: The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine.)

(1) Background: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a common chronic dizziness disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. It is hypothesized that PPPD may involve disrupted spatial cognition processes as a core feature. (2) Methods: A cohort of 19 PPPD patients underwent psycho-cognitive testing, including assessments for anxiety, depression, memory, attention, planning, and executive functions, with an emphasis on spatial navigation via a virtual Morris water maze. These patients were compared with 12 healthy controls and 20 individuals with other vestibular disorders but without PPPD. Vestibular function was evaluated using video head impulse testing and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, while brain magnetic resonance imaging was used to exclude confounding pathology. (3) Results: PPPD patients demonstrated unique impairments in allocentric spatial navigation (as evidenced by the virtual Morris water maze) and in other high-demand visuospatial cognitive tasks that involve executive functions and planning, such as the Towers of London and Trail Making B tests. A factor analysis highlighted spatial navigation and advanced visuospatial functions as being central to PPPD, with a strong correlation to symptom severity. (4) Conclusions: PPPD may broadly impair higher cognitive functions, especially in spatial cognition. We discuss a disruption in the creation of enriched cognitive spatial maps as a possible pathophysiology for PPPD.

Observed range shifts of numerous species support predictions of climate change models that species will shift their distribution northward into the Arctic and sub-Arctic seas due to ocean warming. However, how this is affecting overall species richness is unclear. Here we analyze 20,670 scientific research trawls from the North Sea to the Arctic Ocean collected from 1994 to 2020, including 193 fish species. We found that demersal fish species richness at the local scale has doubled in some Arctic regions, including the Barents Sea, and increased at a lower rate at adjacent regions in the last three decades, followed by an increase in species richness and turnover at a regional scale. These changes in biodiversity correlated with an increase in sea bottom temperature. Within the study area, Arctic species' probability of occurrence generally declined over time. However, the increase in species from southern latitudes, together with an increase in some Arctic species, ultimately led to an enrichment of the Arctic and sub-Arctic marine fauna due to increasing water temperature consistent with climate change.

Despite the lack of guidelines regarding the use of intra-arterial lines in postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR), they continue to be used in this setting. In this study of patients undergoing PMBR, we aimed to (1) identify factors associated with intra-arterial line placement, (2) analyze the correlation between intra-arterial monitoring and noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring, and (3) investigate whether hemodynamic management differs significantly between patients undergoing intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring versus NIBP., Methods: All patients undergoing flap-based PMBR between 2017 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were pair-matched based on flap donor site, BMI, and age to identify factors associated with intra-arterial line placement. Methods described by Bland and Altman 1 were utilized to determine agreement between intra-arterial line measurements and NIBP., Results: Thirty-two patients were included with 16 patients in the intra-arterial line group and 16 in the NIBP group. None of the factors studied were significantly related to the likelihood of intra-arterial line placement. Agreement analysis demonstrated that mean arterial pressures calculated from intra-arterial line readings were as much as 23 points lower or 12 points higher than those from NIBP. Bias calculations with this extent of difference suggest poor correlation between intra-arterial line readings and NIBP. There was no difference between groups in rate of administration of blood-pressure altering medications (hypertensive: n = 3, 18.8%, P = 1.000; hypotensive: n = 7, 3.8%, P = 1.000)., Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for more definitive guidance regarding the use of intra-arterial monitoring in patients undergoing PMBR., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder in which children present prefrontal cortex (PFC) related functions deficit. Proactive cognitive control is a process that anticipates the requirement of cognitive control and crucially depends on the maturity of the PFC. Since this process is important to ADHD symptomatology, we here test the hypothesis that children with ADHD have proactive cognitive control impairments and that these impairments are reflected in the PFC oscillatory activity. We recorded EEG signals from 29 male children with ADHD and 25 typically developing (TD) male children while they performed a Go-Nogo task, where the likelihood of a Nogo stimulus increased while a sequence of consecutive Go stimuli elapsed. TD children showed proactive cognitive control by increasing their reaction time (RT) concerning the number of preceding Go stimuli, whereas children with ADHD did not. This adaptation was related to modulations in both P3a potential and lateral prefrontal theta oscillation for TD children. Children with ADHD as a group did not demonstrate either P3a or theta modulation. But, individual variation in theta activity was correlated with the ADHD symptomatology. The results depict a neurobiological mechanism of proactive cognitive control impairments in children with ADHD., (Copyright © 2020 Zamorano, Kausel, Albornoz, Lavin, Figueroa-Vargas, Stecher, Aragón-Caqueo, Carrasco, Aboitiz and Billeke.)

Introduction: Cosmetic breast surgery is commonly performed in the United States; 520,000 procedures of the total 1.8 million cosmetic surgical procedures performed in 2018 were breast related. Postoperative chronic pain, defined as lasting 3 or more months, has been reported in a wide variety of breast surgical procedures including breast augmentation, reduction mammaplasty, mastectomy, and mastectomy with reconstruction. Patient characteristics associated with the development of postoperative chronic pain following cosmetic breast surgery include a younger age, larger BMI, smaller height, postoperative hyperesthesia, and elevated baseline depression, anxiety, and catastrophizing scores. The anatomical distribution of chronic pain following breast augmentation procedures is dependent upon incision site placement; pectoral and intercostal nerves have been implicated. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current literature addressing the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of patients presenting with chronic postoperative pain following cosmetic breast surgery., Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases from 1996 to 2019 using the terms "cosmetic surgery", "breast surgery", "postoperative pain", and "chronic pain"., Results: Cosmetic breast surgery can have a similar presentation as post-mastectomy pain syndrome and thus have overlapping diagnostic criteria. Seven domains are identified for a diagnosis of PBSPS: Pain after breast surgery, neuropathic in nature, at least a moderate intensity of pain, as defined as within the middle one-third of the selected pain scale, pain for at least 6 months, symptoms occurring for 12 or more hours a day for a minimum of 4 days each week, pain in at least one of the following sites: breast, chest wall, axilla, or arm on the affected side, pain exacerbated by movement. Patient risk factors and surgical risk factors may influence the development of chronic post-cosmetic surgery breast pain. Improved perioperative analgesia including preoperative regional nerve anesthesia and postoperative catheter infusion have been shown to improve chronic postoperative pain outcomes., Conclusions: The present review provides a discussion of clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment and preventative strategies for chronic breast pain following cosmetic surgery. This review provides evidence from multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of efficacy and effectiveness. While chronic postoperative breast pain remains challenging to treat, various preventative strategies have been described to improve postoperative pain outcomes.

Current measures for assessing the viability of donor kidneys are lacking. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can image subsurface tissue morphology to supplement current measures and potentially improve prediction of post-transplant function. OCT imaging was performed on donor kidneys before and immediately after implantation during 169 human kidney transplant surgeries. A system for automated image analysis was developed to measure structural parameters of the kidney's proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) visualized in the OCT images. The association of these structural parameters with post-transplant function was investigated. This study included kidneys from live and deceased donors. 88 deceased donor kidneys in this study were stored by static cold storage (SCS) and an additional 15 were preserved by hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP). A subset of both SCS and HMP deceased donor kidneys were classified as expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidneys, with elevated risk of poor post-transplant function. Post-transplant function was characterized as either immediate graft function (IGF) or delayed graft function (DGF). In ECD kidneys stored by SCS, increased PCT lumen diameter was found to predict DGF both prior to implantation and following reperfusion. In SCD kidneys preserved by HMP, reduced distance between adjacent lumen following reperfusion was found to predict DGF. Results suggest that OCT measurements may be useful for predicting post-transplant function in ECD kidneys and kidneys stored by HMP. OCT analysis of donor kidneys may aid in allocation of kidneys to expand the donor pool as well as help predict post-transplant function in transplanted kidneys to inform post-operative care., Competing Interests: Drs. Chen and Tang have financial interests in Vitae Organi, Inc., which, however, did not provide support for this work. Drs. Chen and Andrews hold a U.S. patent “Apparatus and Methods for Non-invasive Assessment of Transplant Kidney Viability” (US 9,737,256 B2). Other authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this article.

Recent theories of decision making propose a shared value-related brain mechanism for encoding monetary and social rewards. We tested this model in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and control children. We monitored participants' brain dynamics using high density-electroencephalography while they played a monetary and social reward tasks. Control children exhibited a feedback Error-Related Negativity (fERN) modulation and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) source activation during both tasks. Remarkably, although cooperation resulted in greater losses for the participants, the betrayal options generated greater fERN responses. ADHD subjects exhibited an absence of fERN modulation and reduced ACC activation during both tasks. ASD subjects exhibited normal fERN modulation during monetary choices and inverted fERN/ACC responses in social options than did controls. These results suggest that in neurotypicals, monetary losses and observed disloyal social decisions induced similar activity in the brain value system. In ADHD children, difficulties in reward processing affected early brain signatures of monetary and social decisions. Conversely, ASD children showed intact neural markers of value-related monetary mechanisms, but no brain modulation by prosociality in the social task. These results offer insight into the typical and atypical developments of neural correlates of monetary and social reward processing.

Abstract It has been suggested that induction of the heat shock response in the mammalian embryo during the critical period of organogenesis can result in anatomical malformation. We measured serum heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), anti-Hsp70, and anti-Hsp60 in samples taken from expectant mothers at 16 weeks gestation. Samples from women whose babies were born with a birth defect (n = 30) were compared with controls who gave birth to healthy babies (n = 46). Anti-Hsp70 levels were significantly elevated in patients who later gave birth to babies with cleft lip or palate or neurological abnormalities (n = 10): 260 (223-406) microg/mL compared to 150 (88-207) microg/mL in controls (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in serum Hsp70 and anti-Hsp60 levels between cases and controls. This finding of increased maternal anti-Hsp70 in patients who later gave birth to babies with these abnormalities suggests a previous stressful event may have contributed to the pathogenesis. Further work is required to determine whether Hsp70 has a direct or indirect role in this pathogenesis or whether anti-Hsp70 is simply a marker of a prior increase in Hsp70 due to a physiological stress that itself resulted in the damage. This work is consistent with previous studies showing a buffering role for Hsps in evolution.

Type 2 diabetes patients are subject to oxidative stress as a result of hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether administration of the antioxidant folic acid, previously shown to reduce homocysteine levels, would reduce circulating levels of Hsp70 while improving the condition of type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria. Plasma homocysteine fell from pretreatment values of 12.9 to 10.3 microM (P < 0.0001). The urine albumin-creatinine ratio fell from 12.4 to 10.4 mg/mM (P = 0.38). Pretreatment Hsp70 levels were higher in patients not taking insulin (5.32 ng/mL) compared with those on insulin (2.44 ng/mL) (P = 0.012). Folic acid supplementation resulted in a significant fall in Hsp70 (5.32 to 2.05 ng/mL) (P = 0.004). There was no change in Hsp70 in those receiving insulin. Folic acid supplementation in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients, therefore, resulted in a fall in Hsp70, reflecting an improvement in oxidative stress. The data shows that improvement in homocysteine status can lead to a reduction in Hsp70, indicating the possibility of its use as a marker for severity of disease.

Chaperonins are protein complexes that are believed to function as part of a protein folding system in the cytoplasm of the cell. We observed, however, that the group II chaperonins known as rosettasomes in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae, are not cytoplasmic but membrane associated. This association was observed in cultures grown at 60 degrees C and 76 degrees C or heat-shocked at 85 degrees C by using immunofluorescence microscopy and in thick sections of rapidly frozen cells grown at 76 degrees C by using immunogold electron microscopy. We observed that increased abundance of rosettasomes after heat shock correlated with decreased membrane permeability at lethal temperature (92 degrees C). This change in permeability was not seen in cells heat-shocked in the presence of the amino acid analogue azetidine 2-carboxylic acid, indicating functional protein synthesis influences permeability. Azetidine experiments also indicated that observed heat-induced changes in lipid composition in S. shibatae could not account for changes in membrane permeability. Rosettasomes purified from cultures grown at 60 degrees C and 76 degrees C or heat-shocked at 85 degrees C bind to liposomes made from either the bipolar tetraether lipids of Sulfolobus or a variety of artificial lipid mixtures. The presence of rosettasomes did not significantly change the transition temperature of liposomes, as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry, or the proton permeability of liposomes, as indicated by pyranine fluorescence. We propose that these group II chaperonins function as a structural element in the natural membrane based on their intracellular location, the correlation between their functional abundance and membrane permeability, and their potential distribution on the membrane surface.

Violet-blue light is toxic to mammalian cells, and this toxicity has been linked with cellular production of H2O2. In this report, we show that violet-blue light, as well as UVA, stimulated H2O2 production in cultured mouse, monkey, and human cells. We found that H2O2 originated in peroxisomes and mitochondria, and it was enhanced in cells overexpressing flavin-containing oxidases. These results support the hypothesis that photoreduction of flavoproteins underlies light-induced production of H2O2 in cells. Because H2O2 and its metabolite, hydroxyl radicals, can cause cellular damage, these reactive oxygen species may contribute to pathologies associated with exposure to UVA, violet, and blue light. They may also contribute to phototoxicity often encountered during light microscopy. Because multiphoton excitation imaging with 1,047-nm wavelength prevented light-induced H2O2 production in cells, possibly by minimizing photoreduction of flavoproteins, this technique may be useful for decreasing phototoxicity during fluorescence microscopy.

The mechanism by which epithelial cells rearrange is a process that is central to epithelial morphogenesis, yet remains poorly understood. We have investigated epithelial cell rearrangement in the dorsal hypodermis of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, in which two rows of epithelial cells rearrange in a morphogenetic process known as dorsal intercalation. The intercalating cells extend basal protrusions which squeeze between their opposing neighbors beneath their adherens junctions. As the intercalating cells move forward, these protruding tips become broader in the anterior-posterior and dorsoventral dimensions, effectively "plowing through" the adherens junctions and forcing an opening for the remainder of the intercalating cell to insert between the contralateral cells. These cell movements are dependent upon intact cytoarchitecture, since the pharmacological disruption of microtubules or actin filaments blocks cell rearrangement. The cells appear to intercalate independently of immediately adjacent neighboring hypodermal cells because dorsal intercalation is not blocked by the ablation of the progenitors for either half of the lateral hypodermal cells or the posterior half of the dorsal hypodermis. This is the first case in which the protrusive mechanism underlying epithelial cell rearrangement has been characterized, and we propose a model describing how epithelial cells rearrange within the confines of an epithelial monolayer, and discuss the mechanisms that may be guiding these directed cell movements., (Copyright 1998 Academic Press.)

We have used transmission electron microscopy to examine plasmodesmata of the charophycean green alga Chara zeylanica, and of the putatively early divergent bryophytes Monoclea gottschei (liverwort), Notothylas orbicularis (hornwort), and Sphagnum fimbriatum (moss), in an attempt to learn when seed plant plasmodesmata may have originated. The three bryophytes examined have desmotubules. In addition, Monoclea was found to have branched plasmodesmata, and plasmodesmata of Sphagnum displayed densely staining regions around the neck region, as well as ring-like wall specializations. In Chara, longitudinal sections revealed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that sometimes appeared to be associated with plasmodesmata, but this was rare, despite abundant ER at the cell periphery. Across all three fixation methods, cross-sectional views showed an internal central structure, which in some cases appeared to be connected to the plasma membrane via spoke-like structures. Plasmodesmata were present even in the incompletely formed reticulum of forming cell plates, from which we conclude that primary plasmodesmata are formed at cytokinesis in Chara zeylanica. Based on these results it appears that plasmodesmata of Chara may be less specialized than those of seed plants, and that complex plasmodesmata probably evolved in the ancestor of land plants before extant lineages of bryophytes diverged.