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1. Sex-dependent effects of acute stress and alcohol exposure during adolescence on mRNA expression of brain signaling systems involved in reward and stress responses in young adult rats

Author

Carlotta Gobbi, Laura Sánchez-Marín, María Flores-López, Dina Medina-Vera, Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, and Antonia Serrano

Subjects
Binge drinking, Restraint, Adolescence, Sexual dimorphism, HPA axis, Amygdala, Medicine, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

Abstract Background Adolescent stress and alcohol exposure increase the risk of maladaptive behaviors and mental disorders in adulthood, with distinct sex-specific differences. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these early events is crucial for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to acute restraint stress and intermittent alcohol during adolescence. We assessed lasting effects on plasma corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, and mRNA expression of genes related to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), corticoid, opioid, and arginine vasopressin systems in the amygdala and hypothalamus. Results The main findings are as follows: (1) blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) increased after the final alcohol administration, but stressed males had lower BAC than non-stressed males; (2) Males gained significantly more weight than females; (3) Stressed females showed higher ACTH levels than non-stressed females, with no changes in males; (4) Stress increased CORT levels in males, while stressed, alcohol-treated females had lower CORT levels than non-stressed females; (5) CRH: Females had lower Crhr1 levels in the amygdala, while alcohol reduced Crhr2 levels in males but not females. Significant interactions among sex, stress, and alcohol were found in the hypothalamus, with distinct patterns between sexes; (6) NPY: In the amygdala, stress reduced Npy and Npy1r levels in males but increased them in females. Alcohol decreased Npy2r levels in males, with varied effects in females. Similar sex-specific patterns were observed in the hypothalamus; (7) Corticoid system: Stress and alcohol had complex, sex-dependent effects on Pomc, Nr3c1, and Nr3c2 in both brain regions; (8) Opioid receptors: Stress and alcohol blunted the elevated expression of Oprm1, Oprd1, and Oprk1 in the amygdala of males and the hypothalamus of females; (8) Vasopressin: Stress and alcohol interacted significantly to affect Avp and Avpr1a expression in the amygdala, with stronger effects in females. In the hypothalamus, alcohol increased Avp levels in females. Conclusions This study demonstrates that adolescent acute stress and alcohol exposure induce lasting, sex-specific alterations in systems involved in reward and stress responses. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex differences in the prevention and management of HPA dysfunction and psychiatric disorders.

Published
2024
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2. Correction: Plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid and the expression of its receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are altered in patients with cocaine use disorders

Author

María Flores-López, Nuria García-Marchena, Francisco J. Pavón-Morón, Nerea Requena-Ocaña, Laura Sánchez-Marín, Laura Martín-Chaves, Mónica García-Medina, Carmen Pedraza, Estela Castilla-Ortega, Juan J. Ruiz, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Pedro Araos, and Antonia Serrano

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Published
2024
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3. Plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid and the expression of its receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are altered in patients with cocaine use disorders

Author

María Flores-López, Nuria García-Marchena, Francisco J. Pavón-Morón, Nerea Requena-Ocaña, Laura Sánchez-Marín, Laura Martín-Chaves, Mónica García-Medina, Carmen Pedraza, Estela Castilla-Ortega, Juan J. Ruiz, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Pedro Araos, and Antonia Serrano

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Abstract We have recently reported alterations in the plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in patients with substance use disorders. In order to further explore the potential role of the LPA signaling system as biomarker in cocaine use disorders (CUD) we conducted a cross-sectional study with 105 patients diagnosed with CUD and 92 healthy controls. Participants were clinically evaluated and blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of total LPA and LPA species (16:0-, 18:0-, 18:1-, 18:2-, and 20:4-LPA), and the gene expression of LPA1 and LPA2 receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that patients with CUD had significantly lower plasma concentration of the majority of LPA species, while the mRNA expression of LPA1 receptor was found to be higher than controls. Moreover, we found a positive association between plasma concentration of 20:4-LPA and relevant CUD-related variables: age of onset cocaine use and length of cocaine abstinence. The statistical analysis revealed sex differences in concentrations of total LPA and LPA species, and women showed higher LPA concentrations than men. Furthermore, studies in rats of both sexes showed that plasma concentrations of total LPA were also altered after acute and chronic cocaine administration, revealing a sexual dimorphism in these effects. This study found alterations on the LPA signaling system in both, patients with CUD and rats treated with cocaine. Our results demonstrate that LPA signaling is impacted by CUD and sex, which must be taken into consideration in future studies evaluating LPA as a reliable biomarker for CUD.

Published
2023
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4. Repeated Restraint Stress and Binge Alcohol during Adolescence Induce Long-Term Effects on Anxiety-like Behavior and the Expression of the Endocannabinoid System in Male Rats

Author

Laura Sánchez-Marín, María Flores-López, Ana L. Gavito, Juan Suárez, Francisco Javier Pavón-Morón, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, and Antonia Serrano

Subjects
alcohol, stress, adolescence, endocannabinoid system, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

(1) Background: Negative experiences during adolescence increase the vulnerability to develop mental disorders later in life. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these long-term alterations could help to identify better therapeutic interventions. (2) Methods: Adolescent male Wistar rats were used to explore the effects of repeated stress and alcohol exposure on anxiety-like behaviors, plasma corticosterone levels and the gene expression of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and other relevant signaling systems (glutamatergic, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)) in the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). (3) Results: Overall, both stress and alcohol induced anxiety-like behaviors, but only the alcohol-exposed rats displayed increased plasma levels of corticosterone. In the amygdala, there was a general deficit in the gene expression of the ECS and increases in the mRNA levels of certain subunits of glutamate receptors. Interestingly, there were significant interaction effects between stress and alcohol on the expression of the NMDA receptor subunits. In addition, increased mRNA levels of the CRH receptor were observed in alcohol-exposed rats. In the mPFC, alcohol exposure was associated with an increase in the gene expression of the ECS. By contrast, the combination of stress and alcohol produced opposite effects. (4) Conclusions: In summary, early stress and alcohol exposure induced long-term anxiety-like behavior in male rats but different mechanisms are involved in these maladaptive changes in the brain.

Published
2022
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5. Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury Alters the Acyl Ethanolamine-Based Anti-Inflammatory Signaling System in Liver

Author

Patricia Rivera, Antoni Pastor, Sergio Arrabal, Juan Decara, Antonio Vargas, Laura Sánchez-Marín, Francisco J. Pavón, Antonia Serrano, Dolores Bautista, Anna Boronat, Rafael de la Torre, Elena Baixeras, M. Isabel Lucena, Fernando R. de Fonseca, and Juan Suárez

Subjects
paracetamol, PPARα, FAAH, OEA, toxicity, hepatic injury, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Protective mechanisms against drug-induced liver injury are actively being searched to identify new therapeutic targets. Among them, the anti-inflammatory N-acyl ethanolamide (NAE)-peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha (PPARα) system has gained much interest after the identification of its protective role in steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. An overdose of paracetamol (APAP), a commonly used analgesic/antipyretic drug, causes hepatotoxicity, and it is being used as a liver model. In the present study, we have analyzed the impact of APAP on the liver NAE-PPARα system. A dose-response (0.5–5–10–20 mM) and time-course (2–6–24 h) study in human HepG2 cells showed a biphasic response, with a decreased PPARα expression after 6-h APAP incubation followed by a generalized increase of NAE-PPARα system-related components (PPARα, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH), including the NAEs oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA) and docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide, after a 24-h exposure to APAP. These results were partially confirmed in a time-course study of mice exposed to an acute dose of APAP (750 mg/kg). The gene expression levels of Pparα and Faah were decreased after 6 h of treatment and, after 24 h, the gene expression levels of Nape-pld and Faah, as well as the liver levels of OEA and palmitoyl ethanolamide, were increased. Repeated APAP administration (750 mg/kg/day) up to 4 days also decreased the expression levels of PPARα and FAAH, and increased the liver levels of NAEs. A resting period of 15 days completely restored these impairments. Liver immunohistochemistry in a well-characterized human case of APAP hepatotoxicity confirmed PPARα and FAAH decrements. Histopathological and hepatic damage (Cyp2e1, Caspase3, αSma, Tnfα, and Mcp1)-related alterations observed after repeated APAP administration were aggravated in the liver of Pparα-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory NAE-PPARα signaling system is implicated in liver toxicity after exposure to APAP overdose, and may contribute to its recovery through a long-term time-dependent response.

Published
2017
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6. Differential hepatoprotective role of the cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 receptors in paracetamol‐induced liver injury

Author

Francisco Javier Pavón, Rafael de la Torre, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Antonia Serrano, Juan Suárez, Antonio J. López-Gambero, Anna Boronat, Dina Medina-Vera, Ekaitz Agirregoitia, María Isabel Lucena, Juan Decara, Antonio Vargas, Laura Sánchez-Marín, Patricia Rivera, and Antoni Pastor

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Chemokine, Cannabinoid receptor, medicine.medical_treatment, Caspase 3, Pharmacology, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, medicine, Cannabinoid receptor type 2, Animals, Humans, Receptor, Acetaminophen, Liver injury, biology, Cannabinoids, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, medicine.disease, Monoacylglycerol Lipases, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic, biology.protein, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Cannabinoid, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protective mechanisms of the endogenous cannabinoid system against drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are actively being investigated regarding the differential regulatory role of the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in liver fibrogenesis and inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-related signalling receptors and enzymatic machinery, and inflammatory/fibrogenic factors were investigated in the liver of a mouse model of hepatotoxicity induced by acute and repeated overdoses (750 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) of paracetamol (acetaminophen), previously treated with selective CB1 (ACEA) and CB2 (JWH015) agonists (10 mg·kg-1 ), or lacking CB1 and CB2 receptors. KEY RESULTS Acute paracetamol increased the expression of CB2 , ABHD6 and COX-2, while repeated paracetamol increased that of CB1 and COX-2 and decreased that of DAGLβ. Both acute paracetamol and repeated paracetamol decreased the liver content of acylglycerols (2-AG, 2-LG and 2-OG). Human liver samples from a patient suffering APAP hepatotoxicity confirmed CB1 and CB2 increments. Acute paracetamol-exposed CB2 KO mice had higher expression of the fibrogenic αSMA and the cytokine IL-6 and lower apoptotic cleaved caspase 3. CB1 deficiency enhanced the repeated APAP-induced increases in αSMA and cleaved caspase 3 and blocked those of CYP2E1, TNF-α, the chemokine CCL2 and the circulating γ-glutamyltransferase (γGT). Although JWH015 reduced the expression of αSMA and TNF-α in acute paracetamol, ACEA increased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and CCL2 in repeated paracetamol. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The differential role of CB1 versus CB2 receptors on inflammatory/fibrogenic factors related to paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity should be considered for designing alternative therapies against DILI.

Published
2020
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7. Blockade of corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptors in the infralimbic cortex prevents stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in male Wistar rats: Evidence of interaction between CRF(1) and orexin receptor signaling

Author

Francisco J. Flores-Ramirez, Alessandra Matzeu, Laura Sánchez-Marín, and Rémi Martin-Fardon

Subjects
Pharmacology, Male, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Orexins, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Self Administration, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Article, Rats, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Orexin Receptors, Animals, Rats, Wistar
Abstract

Alcohol use dysregulates responsivity to stress, which is mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). With repeated cycles of alcohol use, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis becomes hyporesponsive, rendering individuals vulnerable to the reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior during stressful episodes. Orexin (Orx; also called hypocretin) plays a well-established role in regulating diverse physiological processes, including stress, and interacts with CRF. The infralimbic cortex (IL) is a CRF-rich region. Anatomical evidence suggests that CRF and Orx interact in this area. To test the behavioral implication of CRF and Orx transmission in the IL during the stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior, male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer 10% alcohol for 3 weeks. The rats then underwent two weeks of extinction training (identical to the alcohol self-administration sessions, but alcohol was withheld). The day after the last extinction session, the rats received a bilateral intra-IL injection of the CRF(1) receptor antagonist CP154,526 (0.6 μg/0.5 μl/side), the dual Orx receptor antagonist TCS1102 (15 μg/0.5 μl/side), or their combination and then were tested for the footshock stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior. CP154,526 significantly prevented reinstatement, but TCS1102 did not produce such an effect. Interestingly, the co-administration of TCS1102 and CP154,526 reversed the effect of CP154,526 alone, and footshock stress induced a significant increase in Crhr1 and Hcrtr2 mRNA expression in the IL. These results demonstrate a functional interaction between Orx receptor and CRF(1) receptor signaling and suggest that CRF(1) receptor antagonism may ameliorate stress-induced alcohol-seeking behavior.

Published
2022

8. Differential hepatoprotective role of the cannabinoid CB

Author

Patricia, Rivera, Antonio, Vargas, Antoni, Pastor, Anna, Boronat, Antonio Jesús, López-Gambero, Laura, Sánchez-Marín, Dina, Medina-Vera, Antonia, Serrano, Francisco Javier, Pavón, Rafael, de la Torre, Ekaitz, Agirregoitia, María Isabel, Lucena, Fernando, Rodríguez de Fonseca, Juan, Decara, and Juan, Suárez

Subjects
Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Cannabinoids, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Animals, Humans, Research Papers, Monoacylglycerol Lipases, Acetaminophen
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Protective mechanisms of the endogenous cannabinoid system against drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) are actively being investigated regarding the differential regulatory role of the cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors in liver fibrogenesis and inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG)‐related signalling receptors and enzymatic machinery, and inflammatory/fibrogenic factors were investigated in the liver of a mouse model of hepatotoxicity induced by acute and repeated overdoses (750 mg·kg(−1)·day(−1)) of paracetamol (acetaminophen), previously treated with selective CB(1) (ACEA) and CB(2) (JWH015) agonists (10 mg·kg(−1)), or lacking CB(1) and CB(2) receptors. KEY RESULTS: Acute paracetamol increased the expression of CB(2), ABHD6 and COX‐2, while repeated paracetamol increased that of CB(1) and COX‐2 and decreased that of DAGLβ. Both acute paracetamol and repeated paracetamol decreased the liver content of acylglycerols (2‐AG, 2‐LG and 2‐OG). Human liver samples from a patient suffering APAP hepatotoxicity confirmed CB(1) and CB(2) increments. Acute paracetamol‐exposed CB(2) KO mice had higher expression of the fibrogenic αSMA and the cytokine IL‐6 and lower apoptotic cleaved caspase 3. CB(1) deficiency enhanced the repeated APAP‐induced increases in αSMA and cleaved caspase 3 and blocked those of CYP2E1, TNF‐α, the chemokine CCL2 and the circulating γ‐glutamyltransferase (γGT). Although JWH015 reduced the expression of αSMA and TNF‐α in acute paracetamol, ACEA increased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and CCL2 in repeated paracetamol. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The differential role of CB(1) versus CB(2) receptors on inflammatory/fibrogenic factors related to paracetamol‐induced hepatotoxicity should be considered for designing alternative therapies against DILI.

Published
2019

9. Effects of Intermittent Alcohol Exposure on Emotion and Cognition: A Potential Role for the Endogenous Cannabinoid System and Neuroinflammation

Author

Francisco Javier Pavón, Ana Luisa Gavito, Antonia Serrano, Laura Sánchez-Marín, Juan Decara, Estela Castilla-Ortega, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Juan Suárez, Unidad de Gestion Clinica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain., The present study has been supported by the following institutions and grants: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and European Union-European Regional Development Fund (EU-ERDF) (Subprograma RETICS Red de Trastornos Adictivos RD12/0028/0001), ISCIII and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PI13/02261), Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Igualdad, Salud y Políticas Sociales (PI-0823-2012 and PI-0228-2013), and Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad and Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (PNSD2015/047). FP (CP14/00212), JS (CP12/03109), and AS (CP14/00173) are recipients of a research contract from Miguel Servet Program of ISCIII and EU-ERDF.

Subjects
Cannabinoid receptor, Neuropéptido Y, Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Prosencephalon::Telencephalon::Cerebrum::Basal Ganglia::Amygdala [Medical Subject Headings], Etanol, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear::Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors::PPAR alpha [Medical Subject Headings], Anxiety, PPAR alfa, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals [Medical Subject Headings], Adolescente, Original Research, Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Substance-Related Disorders::Alcohol-Related Disorders::Alcoholic Intoxication [Medical Subject Headings], Brain, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors, Cell Surface::Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors, Cannabinoid::Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 [Medical Subject Headings], Adolescence, Humanos, Receptor Toll-Like 4, Endocannabinoides, Corteza prefrontal, Fosfolipasa D, Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Esterases::Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases::Lipoprotein Lipase [Medical Subject Headings], Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Prosencephalon::Telencephalon::Cerebrum::Cerebral Cortex::Frontal Lobe::Prefrontal Cortex [Medical Subject Headings], medicine.medical_specialty, intermittent alcohol, Consumo de alcohol en menores, Binge drinking, Borrachera, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Adolescent Behavior::Underage Drinking [Medical Subject Headings], 03 medical and health sciences, Ansiedad, Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Membrane Lipids::Phospholipids::Glycerophosphates::Phosphatidic Acids::Glycerophospholipids::Phosphatidylethanolamines [Medical Subject Headings], Hipocampo, Chemicals and Drugs::Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists::Hormones::Peptide Hormones::Hypothalamic Hormones::Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones::Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone [Medical Subject Headings], Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Emotions::Anxiety [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Esterases::Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases::Phospholipases::Phospholipase D [Medical Subject Headings], Ratas wistar, Amígdala del cerebelo, Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides::Nucleic Acids::RNA::RNA, Messenger [Medical Subject Headings], Factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, nervous system, Animales, Fosfatidiletanolaminas, adolescence, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, 0301 basic medicine, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors, Cell Surface::Receptors, Immunologic::Receptors, Pattern Recognition::Toll-Like Receptors::Toll-Like Receptor 4 [Medical Subject Headings], Intoxicación alcohólica, Hippocampus, Striatum, Plasticidad neuronal, Hormona liberadora de corticotropina, Proteína ácida fibrilar de la glía, Anatomy::Body Regions::Transplants::Allografts [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Peptides::Neuropeptides::Neuropeptide Y [Medical Subject Headings], neuroinflammation, Recognition memory, Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Tumor Necrosis Factors::Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors, Cell Surface::Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors, Cannabinoid::Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 [Medical Subject Headings], Neuroinflammation, Receptor cannabinoide CB2, Receptor cannabinoide CB1, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats::Rats, Wistar [Medical Subject Headings], endocannabinoid system, Phenomena and Processes::Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena::Nervous System Physiological Phenomena::Nervous System Physiological Processes::Neuronal Plasticity [Medical Subject Headings], biology, Intermittent alcohol, Neuropeptide Y receptor, anxiety, Endocannabinoid system, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Drinking Behavior::Alcohol Drinking::Binge Drinking [Medical Subject Headings], Lipoproteína lipasa, Psychology, Aloinjertos, Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Prosencephalon::Telencephalon::Cerebrum::Cerebral Cortex::Hippocampus [Medical Subject Headings], Cognitive Neuroscience, brain, Conducta adictiva, recognition memory, Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent [Medical Subject Headings], Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Impulsive Behavior::Compulsive Behavior::Behavior, Addictive [Medical Subject Headings], Internal medicine, Ciclooxigenasa 2, medicine, Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Macromolecular Substances::Polymers::Biopolymers::Intermediate Filament Proteins::Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein [Medical Subject Headings], Cognición, Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Cognition [Medical Subject Headings], ARN mensajero, Rats, rats, Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Alcohols::Ethanol [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Multienzyme Complexes::Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases::Cyclooxygenase 2 [Medical Subject Headings], biology.protein
Abstract

Intermittent alcohol exposure is a common pattern of adolescent alcohol use that can lead to binge drinking episodes. Alcohol use is known to modulate the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in neuronal communication, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and behavior. Adolescent male Wistar rats were exposed to 4-week intermittent alcohol intoxication (3 g/kg injections for 4 days/week) or saline (N = 12 per group). After alcohol deprivation, adult rats were assessed for emotionality and cognition and the gene expression of the ECS and other factors related to behavior and neuroinflammation was examined in the brain. Alcohol-exposed rats exhibited anxiogenic-like responses and impaired recognition memory but no motor alterations. There were brain region-dependent changes in the mRNA levels of the ECS and molecular signals compared with control rats. Thus, overall, alcohol-exposed rats expressed higher mRNA levels of endocannabinoid synthetic enzymes (N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D and diacylglycerol lipases) in the medial-prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but lower mRNA levels in the amygdala. Furthermore, we observed lower mRNA levels of receptors CB1 CB2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in the striatum. Regarding neuropeptide signaling, alcohol-exposed rats displayed lower mRNA levels of the neuropeptide Y signaling, particularly NPY receptor-2, in the amygdala and hippocampus and higher mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing factor in the hippocampus. Additionally, we observed changes of several neuroinflammation-related factors. Whereas, the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor-4, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein were significantly increased in the mPFC, the mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein were decreased in the striatum and hippocampus. However, nuclear factor-κβ mRNA levels were lower in the mPFC and striatum and allograft inflammatory factor-1 levels were differentially expressed in the amygdala and hippocampus. In conclusion, rats exposed to adolescent intermittent alcohol displayed anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits in adulthood and these alterations were accompanied by brain region-dependent changes in the gene expression of the ECS and other signals associated with neuroinflammation and behavior. An intermittent adolescent alcohol exposure has behavioral and molecular consequences in the adult brain, which might be linked to higher vulnerability to addictive behaviors and psychopathologies. Yes

Published
2017
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10. Plasma Chemokines in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders: Association of CCL11 (Eotaxin-1) with Psychiatric Comorbidity

Author

Antonia Serrano, Julie A. Chowen, Laura Sánchez-Marín, Marta Torrens, Juan Decara, María Pedraz, Vicente Barrios, Francisco Javier Pavón, Ana Luisa Gavito, Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca, Nuria García-Marchena, Pablo Romero-Sanchiz, Pedro Araos, Estela Castilla-Ortega, Guillermo Ponce, Jesús Argente, Daniel Silva, Gabriel Rubio, [Garcia-Marchena, Nuria] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Fernando Araos, Pedro] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Sanchez-Marin, Laura] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Pedraz, Maria] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Castilla-Ortega, Estela] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Romero-Sanchiz, Pablo] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Gavito, Ana L.] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Decara, Juan] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Serrano, Antonia] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Rodriguez de Fonseca, Fernando] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Javier Pavon, Francisco] Hosp Reg Univ Malaga, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Unidad Gest Clin Salud Mental, Malaga, Spain, [Garcia-Marchena, Nuria] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Psicol, Madrid, Spain, [Silva, Daniel] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Psicol, Madrid, Spain, [Rodriguez de Fonseca, Fernando] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Psicol, Madrid, Spain, [Barrios, Vicente] Hosp Infantil Univ Nino Jesus, Dept Endocrinol, Madrid, Spain, [Chowen, Julie A.] Hosp Infantil Univ Nino Jesus, Dept Endocrinol, Madrid, Spain, [Argente, Jesus] Hosp Infantil Univ Nino Jesus, Dept Endocrinol, Madrid, Spain, [Barrios, Vicente] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Pediat, Madrid, Spain, [Chowen, Julie A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Pediat, Madrid, Spain, [Argente, Jesus] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Pediat, Madrid, Spain, [Barrios, Vicente] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain, [Chowen, Julie A.] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain, [Argente, Jesus] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain, [Ponce, Guillermo] Hosp Univ 12 Octubre, Serv Psiquiatria, Madrid, Spain, [Rubio, Gabriel] Hosp Univ 12 Octubre, Serv Psiquiatria, Madrid, Spain, [Torrens, Marta] Inst Neuropsiquiatria & Addicc INAD, Barcelona, Spain, [Torrens, Marta] Inst Hosp del Mar Invest Med IMIM, Barcelona, Spain, [Torrens, Marta] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Psychiat, Barcelona, Spain, RETICS Red de Trastornos Adictivos - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISC-III), European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, ISC-III, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad and Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucia, ERDF-EU, Consejeria de Salud y Bienestar Social, Junta de Andalucia, [García-Marchena,N, Araos,PF, Sánchez-Marín,L, Pedraz,M, Castilla-Ortega,E, Romero-Sanchiz,P, Gavito,AL, Decara,J, Serano,A, Rodríguez de Fonseca,F, Pavón,FJ] Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [García-Marchena,N, Silva,D, Rodríguez de Fonseca,F] Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Barrios,V, Chowen,JA, Argente,J] Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain. Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. CIBER Fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Ponce,G] Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain, [Torrens,M] Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Barcelona, Spain. Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,. Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain., The present study has been supported by RETICS Red deTrastornos Adictivos (RD12/0028/0021) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISC-III) and European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU), research projects funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and ISC-III (PI13/02261 and PI16/01953), Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad and Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (049/2009 and 049/2013), Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía and ERDF-EU (CTS-433), and and Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social, Junta de Andalucía (PI0228-2013 and PI0823-2012). AS and FP hold Miguel Servet research contracts funded by ISC-III and ERDF-EU (CP14/00173 and CP14/00212, respectively). PR-S holds a 'Río Hortega' research contract funded by ISC-III and ERDF-EU (CM13/0115). EC-O holds a 'Sara Borrell' research contract funded by ISC-III and ERDF-EU (CD12/00455).

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Eotaxin, Aspartato aminotransferasas, Chemokine, Pathology, Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Phenotype [Medical Subject Headings], Anatomy::Digestive System::Liver [Medical Subject Headings], PRISM, Etanol, Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Substance-Related Disorders::Alcohol-Related Disorders [Medical Subject Headings], Trastornos del humor, Quimiocina CXCL12, Co-morbidity, Cocaine users, Anxiety, Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Transferases::Acyltransferases::Aminoacyltransferases::gamma-Glutamyltransferase [Medical Subject Headings], Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Substance-Related Disorders [Medical Subject Headings], Alcohol use disorder, 0302 clinical medicine, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Behavioral Sciences::Psychiatry [Medical Subject Headings], Health Care::Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation::Quality of Health Care::Epidemiologic Factors::Comorbidity [Medical Subject Headings], Medicine, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats::Rats, Wistar [Medical Subject Headings], Quimiocina CX3CL1, Masculino, Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Chemotactic Factors::Chemokines::Chemokines, CC::Chemokine CCL11 [Medical Subject Headings], Voluntarios sanos, Health Care::Population Characteristics::Demography::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings], CCL11, Original Research, Persons::Persons::Patients::Outpatients [Medical Subject Headings], Psychiatry, Hígado, biology, Pacientes ambulatorios, Femenino, Alcoholisme -- Tractament, Brain, Comorbilidad, Humanos, Psychiatry and Mental health, psychiatric comorbidity, Trastornos relacionados con sustancias, Cytokines, Sex, Microglia, outpatient setting, medicine.symptom, Fenotipo, medicine.medical_specialty, Cells, Psychiatric comorbidity, Check Tags::Male [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Chemotactic Factors::Chemokines::Chemokines, CX3C::Chemokine CX3CL1 [Medical Subject Headings], Conducta adictiva, alcohol use disorder, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Impulsive Behavior::Compulsive Behavior::Behavior, Addictive [Medical Subject Headings], Increased serum-levels, 03 medical and health sciences, Células del estroma, Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Chemotactic Factors::Chemokines::Chemokines, CXC::Chemokine CXCL12 [Medical Subject Headings], Internal medicine, Persons::Persons::Volunteers::Healthy Volunteers [Medical Subject Headings], mental disorders, sex, Interleukin 8, eotaxin, CX3CL1, Psiquiatría, Anatomy::Cells::Connective Tissue Cells::Stromal Cells [Medical Subject Headings], Outpatient setting, Ethanol, business.industry, Ratas wistar, chemokine, Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Transferases::Nitrogenous Group Transferases::Transaminases::Aspartate Aminotransferases [Medical Subject Headings], medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Mood Disorders [Medical Subject Headings], Comorbidity, Quimiocina CCL11, Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Alcohols::Ethanol [Medical Subject Headings], 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings], Mood disorders, biology.protein, Trastornos relacionados con alcohol, gamma-glutamiltransferasa, Prevalencia, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Liver-disease
Abstract

Recent studies have linked changes in peripheral chemokine concentrations to the presence of both addictive behaviors and psychiatric disorders. The present study further explore this link by analyzing the potential association of psychiatry comorbidity with alterations in the concentrations of circulating plasma chemokine in patients of both sexes diagnosed with alcohol use disorders (AUD). To this end, 85 abstinent subjects with AUD from an outpatient setting and 55 healthy subjects were evaluated for substance and mental disorders. Plasma samples were obtained to quantify chemokine concentrations [C-C motif (CC), C-X-C motif (CXC), and C-X3-C motif (CX3C) chemokines]. Abstinent AUD patients displayed a high prevalence of comorbid mental disorders (72%) and other substance use disorders (45%). Plasma concentrations of chemokines CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor-1 (p

Published
2017

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