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Rational design of robust photocatalytic systems to direct capture and in-situ convert diluted CO 2 from flue gas is a promising but challenging way to achieve carbon neutrality. Here, we report a new type of host-guest photocatalysts by integrating CO 2 -enriching ionic liquids and photoactive metal-organic frameworks PCN-250-Fe 2 M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mn) for artificial photosynthetic diluted CO 2 reduction in gas-solid phase. As a result, [Emim]BF 4 (39.3 wt%)@PCN-250-Fe 2 Co exhibits a record high CO 2 -to-CO reduction rate of 313.34 μmol g -1 h -1 under pure CO 2 atmosphere and 153.42 μmol g -1 h -1 under diluted CO 2 (15%) with about 100% selectivity. In scaled-up experiments with 1.0 g catalyst and natural sunlight irradiation, the concentration of pure and diluted CO 2 (15%) could be significantly decreased to below 85% and 10%, respectively, indicating its industrial application potential. Further experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that ionic liquids not only benefit CO 2 enrichment, but also form synergistic effect with Co 2+ sites in PCN-250-Fe 2 Co, resulting in a significant reduction in Gibbs energy barrier during the rate-determining step of CO 2 -to-CO conversion., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Significant efforts have been devoted to removal and recycling of microplastics (MPs; <5 mm) to address the environmental crises caused by their ubiquitous presence and improper treatment. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) demonstrate compatibility with MPs/plastics through adsorption, degradation, or assembly with the MPs/plastic polymers. Above 90% of MPs/plastic particles can be adsorbed on MOF materials via the hydrophobic interaction, electrical attraction, π-π stacking, and van der Waals forces. Meanwhile, certain MOFs have successfully converted various types of plastics into high-valued small molecules through thermocatalysis and photocatalysis. In thermocatalysis, the primary process should be C-O bond cleavage, whereas in photocatalysis it ought to be the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the construction of novel MOFs using waste MPs/plastics as the ligands was mostly accomplished through three dominant ways, including glycolysis, hydrolysis and methanolysis. Once successfully composited, the MOF@plastic materials illustrated tremendous promise for interdisciplinary research in multifunctional applications, including sewage treatment, gas adsorption/separation, and the preparation of microbial fuel cells, plastic scintillators and other sensors. The review explicated the relationships between MPs/plastics and MOF materials, as well as the challenges and perspectives for their development. It can provide a deeper understanding of how MOFs remove/degrade MP/plastic particles, how MPs/plastics are recycled to prepare MOFs, and how to build multifunctional MOF@plastic composites. Overall, this analysis is anticipated to outline future prospects for turning the threats (MPs/plastics contamination) into opportunities ( e.g. , as ligands to prepare MOF or MOF@plastic materials for further applications)., Competing Interests: The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Ultra-low temperature resistant adhesive is highly desired yet scarce for material adhesion for the potential usage in Arctic/Antarctic or outer space exploration. Here we develop a solvent-free processed low-temperature tolerant adhesive with excellent adhesion strength and organic solvent stability, wide tolerable temperature range (i.e. -196 to 55 °C), long-lasting adhesion effect ( > 60 days, -196 °C) that exceeds the classic commercial hot melt adhesives. Furthermore, combine experimental results with theoretical calculations, the strong interaction energy between polyoxometalate and polymer is the main factor for the low-temperature tolerant adhesive, possessing enhanced cohesion strength, suppressed polymer crystallization and volumetric contraction. Notably, manufacturing at scale can be easily achieved by the facile scale-up solvent-free processing, showing much potential towards practical application in Arctic/Antarctic or planetary exploration., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) with photoinduced donor-acceptor (D-A) radical pairs show enhanced photocatalytic activity in principle. However, achieving long-lived charge separation in COFs proves challenging due to the rapid charge recombination. Here, we develop a novel strategy by combining [6 + 4] nodes to construct zyg -type 3D COFs, first reported in COF chemistry. This structure type exhibits a fused Olympic-rings-like shape, which provides a platform for stabilizing the photoinduced D-A radical pairs. The zyg -type COFs containing catalytically active moieties such as triphenylamine and phenothiazine (PTZ) show superior photocatalytic production rates of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Significantly, the photochromic radical states of these COFs show up to 400% enhancement in photocatalytic activity compared to the parent states, achieving a remarkable H 2 O 2 synthesis rate of 3324 μmol g -1 h -1 , which makes the PTZ-COF one of the best crystalline porous photocatalysts in H 2 O 2 production. This work will shed light on the synthesis of efficient 3D COF photocatalysts built on topologies that can facilitate photogenerating D-A radical pairs for enhanced photocatalysis., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)

Nanofluidic membranes have demonstrated great potential in harvesting osmotic energy. However, the output power densities are usually hampered by insufficient membrane permselectivity. Herein, we design a polyoxometalates (POMs)-based nanofluidic plasmonic electron sponge membrane (PESM) for highly efficient osmotic energy conversion. Under light irradiation, hot electrons are generated on Au NPs surface and then transferred and stored in POMs electron sponges, while hot holes are consumed by water. The stored hot electrons in POMs increase the charge density and hydrophilicity of PESM, resulting in significantly improved permselectivity for high-performance osmotic energy conversion. In addition, the unique ionic current rectification (ICR) property of the prepared nanofluidic PESM inhibits ion concentration polarization effectively, which could further improve its permselectivity. Under light with 500-fold NaCl gradient, the maximum output power density of the prepared PESM reaches 70.4 W m -2 , which is further enhanced even to 102.1 W m -2 by changing the ligand to P 5 W 30 . This work highlights the crucial roles of plasmonic electron sponge for tailoring the surface charge, modulating ion transport dynamics, and improving the performance of nanofluidic osmotic energy conversion., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In modern industries, the aerobic oxidation of C(sp 3 )-H bonds to achieve the value-added conversion of hydrocarbons requires high temperatures and pressures, which significantly increases energy consumption and capital investment. The development of a light-driven strategy, even under natural sunlight and ambient air, is therefore of great significance. Here we develop a series of hetero-motif molecular junction photocatalysts containing two bifunctional motifs. With these materials, the reduction of O 2 and oxidation of C(sp 3 )-H bonds can be effectively accomplished, thus realizing efficient aerobic oxidation of C(sp 3 )-H bonds in e.g., toluene and ethylbenzene. Especially for ethylbenzene oxidation reactions, excellent catalytic capacity (861 mmol g cat -1 ) is observed. In addition to the direct oxidation of C(sp 3 )-H bonds, CeBTTD-A can also be applied to other types of aerobic oxidation reactions highlighting their potential for industrial applications., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction (ECR) coupled with organic oxidation is a promising strategy to produce high value-added chemicals and improve energy efficiency. However, achieving the efficient redox coupling reaction is still challenging due to the lack of suitable electrocatalysts. Herein, we designed two bifunctional polyimides-linked covalent organic frameworks (PI-COFs) through assembling phthalocyanine (Pc) and porphyrin (Por) by non-toxic hydrothermal methods in pure water to realize the above catalytic reactions. Due to the high conductivity and well-defined active sites with different chemical environments, NiPc-NiPor COF performs efficient ECR coupled with methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) (Faradaic efficiency of CO (FE CO ) = 98.12%, partial current densities of CO (j CO ) = 6.14 mA cm -2 for ECR, FE HCOOH  = 93.75%, j HCOOH  = 5.81 mA cm -2 for MOR at low cell voltage (2.1 V) and remarkable long-term stability). Furthermore, experimental evidences and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the ECR process mainly conducts on NiPc unit with the assistance of NiPor, meanwhile, the MOR prefers NiPor conjugating with NiPc. The two units of NiPc-NiPor COF collaboratively promote the coupled oxidation-reduction reaction. For the first time, this work achieves the rational design of bifunctional COFs for coupled heterogeneous catalysis, which opens a new area for crystalline material catalysts., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)

The efficient CO 2 electroreduction into high-value products largely relies on the CO 2 adsorption/activation or electron-transfer of electrocatalysts, thus site-specific functionalization methods that enable boosted related interactions of electrocatalysts are much desired. Here, an oriented coordination strategy is reported to introduce N-rich auxiliary (i.e., hexamethylenetetramine, HMTA) into metalloporphyrin metal organic frameworks (MOFs) to synthesize a series of site-specific functionalized electrocatalysts (HMTA@MOF-545-M, M = Fe, Co, and Ni) and they are successfully applied in light-assisted CO 2 electroreduction. Noteworthy, thus-obtained HMTA@MOF-545-Co presents approximately two times enhanced CO 2 adsorption-enthalpy and electrochemical active surface-area with largely decreased impedance-value after modification, resulting in almost twice higher CO 2 electroreduction performance than its unmodified counterpart. Besides, its CO 2 electroreduction performance can be further improved under light-illumination and displays superior FE CO (≈100%), high CO generation rate (≈5.11 mol m -2  h -1 at -1.1 V) and energy efficiency (≈70% at -0.7 V). Theoretical calculations verify that the oriented coordination of HMTA can increase the charge density of active sites, almost doubly enhance the CO 2 adsorption energy, and largely reduce the energy barrier of rate determining step for the boosted performance improvement. This work might promote the development of modifiable porous crystalline electrocatalysts in high-efficiency CO 2 electroreduction., (© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Successful establishment of reconnection between retinal ganglion cells and retinorecipient regions in the brain is critical to optic nerve regeneration. However, morphological assessments of retinorecipient regions are limited by the opacity of brain tissue. In this study, we used an innovative tissue cleaning technique combined with retrograde trans-synaptic viral tracing to observe changes in retinorecipient regions connected to retinal ganglion cells in mice after optic nerve injury. Specifically, we performed light-sheet imaging of whole brain tissue after a clearing process. We found that pseudorabies virus 724 (PRV724) mostly infected retinal ganglion cells, and that we could use it to retrogradely trace the retinorecipient regions in whole tissue-cleared brains. Unexpectedly, PRV724-traced neurons were more widely distributed compared with data from previous studies. We found that optic nerve injury could selectively modify projections from retinal ganglion cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, intergeniculate leaflet, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, central amygdala, basolateral amygdala, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and oculomotor nucleus, but not the superior vestibular nucleus, red nucleus, locus coeruleus, gigantocellular reticular nucleus, or facial nerve nucleus. Our findings demonstrate that the tissue clearing technique, combined with retrograde trans-synaptic viral tracing, can be used to objectively and comprehensively evaluate changes in mouse retinorecipient regions that receive projections from retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury. Thus, our approach may be useful for future estimations of optic nerve injury and regeneration., Competing Interests: None

Catalysts capable of electrochemical overall water splitting in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solution are important materials. This work develops bifunctional catalysts with single atom active sites through a pyrolysis-free route. Starting with a conjugated framework containing Fe sites, the addition of Ni atoms is used to weaken the adsorption of electrochemically generated intermediates, thus leading to more optimized energy level sand enhanced catalytic performance. The pyrolysis-free synthesis also ensured the formation of well-defined active sites within the framework structure, providing ideal platforms to understand the catalytic processes. The as-prepared catalyst exhibits efficient catalytic capability for electrochemical water splitting in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. At a current density of 10 mA cm -2 , the overpotential for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution is 23/201 mV and 42/194 mV in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and 1 M KOH, respectively. Our work not only develops a route towards efficient catalysts applicable across a wide range of pH values, it also provides a successful showcase of a model catalyst for in-depth mechanistic insight into electrochemical water splitting., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging type of crystalline and porous photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution, however, the overall water splitting activity of COFs is rarely known. In this work, we firstly realized overall water splitting activity of β-ketoamine COFs by systematically engineering N-sites, architecture, and morphology. By in situ incorporating sub-nanometer platinum (Pt) nanoparticles co-catalyst into the pores of COFs nanosheets, both Pt@TpBpy-NS and Pt@TpBpy-2-NS show visible-light-driven overall water splitting activity, with the optimal H 2 and O 2 evolution activities of 9.9 and 4.8 μmol in 5 h for Pt@TpBpy-NS, respectively, and a maximum solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 0.23%. The crucial factors affecting the activity including N-sites position, nano morphology, and co-catalyst distribution were systematically explored. Further mechanism investigation reveals the tiny diversity of N sites in COFs that induces great differences in electron transfer as well as reaction potential barriers., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Photo- or electroreduction of carbon dioxide into highly valued products offers a promising strategy to achieve carbon neutrality. Here, a series of polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks (M-POMOFs) were constructed by metalloporphyrins [tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrin-M (M-TCPPs)] and reductive POM for photo- and electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reductions (PCR and ECR, respectively), and the mysteries between the roles of single metal site and cluster in catalysis were disclosed. Iron-POMOF exhibited an excellent selectivity (97.2%) with high methane production of 922 micromoles per gram in PCR, together with superior Faradaic efficiency for carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide (92.1%) in ECR. The underlying mechanisms were further clarified. Photogenerated electrons transferred from iron-TCPP to the POM cluster for methane generation under irradiation, while the abundant electrons flowed to the center of iron-TCPP for carbon monoxide formation under the applied electric field. The specific multielectron products generated on iron-POMOF through switching driving forces to control electron flow direction between single metal site and cluster catalysis.

Constructing redox semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts is the most effective and important means to complete the artificial photosynthetic overall reaction (i.e., coupling CO 2 photoreduction and water photo-oxidation reactions). However, multiphase hybridization essence and inhomogeneous junction distribution in these catalysts extremely limit the diverse design and regulation of the modes of photogenerated charge separation and transfer pathways, which are crucial factors to improve photocatalytic performance. Here, we develop molecular oxidation-reduction (OR) junctions assembled with oxidative cluster (PMo 12 , for water oxidation) and reductive cluster (Ni 5 , for CO 2 reduction) in a direct ( d -OR), alternant ( a -OR), or symmetric ( s -OR) manner, respectively, for artificial photosynthesis. Significantly, the transfer direction and path of photogenerated charges between traditional junctions are obviously reformed and enriched in these well-defined crystalline catalysts with monophase periodic distribution and thus improve the separation efficiency of the electrons and holes. In particular, the charge migration in s -OR shows a periodically and continuously opposite mode. It can inhibit the photogenerated charge recombination more effectively and enhance the photocatalytic performance largely when compared with the traditional heterojunction models. Structural analysis and density functional theory calculations disclose that, through adjusting the spatial arrangement of oxidation and reduction clusters, the energy level and population of the orbitals of these OR junctions can be regulated synchronously to further optimize photocatalytic performance. The establishment of molecular OR junctions is a pioneering important discovery for extremely improving the utilization efficiency of photogenerated charges in the artificial photosynthesis overall reaction.

Mimicking natural photosynthesis to convert CO 2 with H 2 O into value-added fuels achieving overall reaction is a promising way to reduce the atmospheric CO 2 level. Casting the catalyst of two or more catalytic sites with rapid electron transfer and interaction may be an effective strategy for coupling photocatalytic CO 2 reduction and H 2 O oxidation. Herein, based on the MOF ∪ COF collaboration, we have carefully designed and synthesized a crystalline hetero-metallic cluster catalyst denoted MCOF-Ti 6 Cu 3 with spatial separation and functional cooperation between oxidative and reductive clusters. It utilizes dynamic covalent bonds between clusters to promote photo-induced charge separation and transfer efficiency, to drive both the photocatalytic oxidative and reductive reactions. MCOF-Ti 6 Cu 3 exhibits fine activity in the conversion of CO 2 with water into HCOOH (169.8 μmol g -1 h -1 ). Remarkably, experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that photo-excited electrons are transferred from Ti to Cu, indicating that the Cu cluster is the catalytic reduction center., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Aim: To investigate the effects of curcumin (Cur) nanoparticles loaded with chitosan derivatives grafted by deoxycholic acid (Chit-DC) on human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression., Methods: Cur nanoparticles were synthesized with Chit-DC as the carrier and Cur as the supported drug. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of Cur/Chit-DC, Chit-DC, and Cur on the proliferation of hRPE cells for different times. The changes of Cur/Chit-DC and Cur on hRPE cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of VEGF in hRPE cells treated with Cur, Chit-DC and Cur/Chit-DC at 10 µg/mL for 24h., Results: Different concentrations of Chit-DC nanoparticle treated hRPE cells had no significant difference in terms of optical density (OD) values compared with the control group at 24h and 48h. Moreover, there was no change in the cell morphology under a light microscope. After 24h treatment with Cur/Chit-DC and Cur, the percentage of G0-G1 phase cells increased and the percentage of S phase cells decreased in all concentration groups. Cur/Chit-DC and Cur in all concentration groups inhibited the proliferation of hRPE cells in a time and dose dependent manner, and reduced the expression level of VEGF mRNA., Conclusion: The Cur/Chit-DC nanoparticles can release Cur continuously and have sustained release function. Both Cur/Chit-DC nanoparticles and Cur could inhibit hRPE cells cultured in vitro , and could reduce the expression level of VEGF mRNA in hRPE cells., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction has been developed as an effective strategy to convert CO 2 into reusable chemicals. However, the reduction products of this reaction are often of low utilization value. Herein, we effectively connect photocatalytic CO 2 reduction and amino carbonylation reactions in series to reconvert inexpensive photoreduction product CO into value-added and easily isolated fine chemicals. In this tandem transformation system, we synthesize an efficient photocatalyst, NNU-55-Ni, which is transformed into nanosheets (NNU-55-Ni-NS) in situ to improve the photocatalytic CO 2 -to-CO activity significantly. After that, CO serving as reactant is further reconverted into organic molecules through the coupled carbonylation reactions. Especially in the carbonylation reaction of diethyltoluamide synthesis, CO conversion reaches up to 85%. Meanwhile, this tandem transformation also provides a simple and low-cost method for the 13 C isotopically labeled organic molecules. This work represents an important and feasible pathway for the subsequent separation and application of CO 2 photoreduction product., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Engineering the heterogeneous interface fusing MOFs and inorganic active component is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance. Herein, we report a new Ni 3 -based MOF (denoted as CTGU-24) with an infrequent two-fold interpenetrating 3D (3,8)-connected network constructed from Ni(II) trimer and mixed tripodal tectonics for the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). In order to improve its stability and activities, the heterogeneous hybrid CTGU-24@NiOOH has been fabricated successfully via the first preparation of the NiOOH nanosphere and then in situ formation of CTGU-24 decorated on the NiOOH surface. Moreover, the integration of CTGU-24@NiOOH and different additives [acetylene black (AB) and ketjen black (KB)], resulting in the optimized hybrid sample AB&CTGU-24@NiOOH (4:4). It attains better MOR performance with an area-specific peak current density of 34.53 mA·cm -2 than pure CTGU-24 (14.99 mA·cm -2 ) and improved durability in an alkali medium. The new findings indicate that the CTGU-24@NiOOH heterostructure formed in situ and the integration of moderate additives are critical to optimizing and improving electrocatalytic activity of pure MOF crystalline material., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Sun, Wang, Pi, Wu, Wu, Li, Lan, Zhang and Li.)

The electrochemical CO 2 reduction to high-value-added chemicals is one of the most promising and challenging research in the energy conversion field. An efficient ECR catalyst based on a Cu-based conductive metal-organic framework (Cu-DBC) is dedicated to producing CH 4 with superior activity and selectivity, showing a Faradaic efficiency of CH 4 as high as ~80% and a large current density of -203 mA cm -2 at -0.9 V vs. RHE. The further investigation based on theoretical calculations and experimental results indicates the Cu-DBC with oxygen-coordinated Cu sites exhibits higher selectivity and activity over the other two crystalline ECR catalysts with nitrogen-coordinated Cu sites due to the lower energy barriers of Cu-O 4 sites during ECR process. This work unravels the strong dependence of ECR selectivity on the Cu site coordination environment in crystalline porous catalysts, and provides a platform for constructing highly selective ECR catalysts., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Metal cluster-based compounds have difficulty finishing the photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) and water oxidation reaction (WOR) simultaneously because of the big challenge in realizing the coexistence of independently and synergistically reductive and oxidative active sites in one compound. Herein, we elaborately designed and synthesized one kind of crystalline reduction-oxidation ( RO ) cluster-based catalysts connecting reductive { M 3 L 8 (H 2 O) 2 } (M = Zn, Co, and Ni for RO-1 , 2 , 3 respectively) cluster and oxidative {PMo 9 V 7 O 44 } cluster through a single oxygen atom bridge to achieve artificial photosynthesis successfully. These clusters can all photocatalyze CO 2 -to-CO and H 2 O-to-O 2 reactions simultaneously, of which the CO yield of RO-1 is 13.8 μmol/g·h, and the selectivity is nearly 100%. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the concomitantly catalytically reductive and oxidative active sites (for CO 2 RR and WOR, respectively) and the effective electron transfer between the sites in these RO photocatalysts are the key factors to complete the overall photosynthesis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Objective: Although a positive result of labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB) is critical for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatologists prefer assessing the non-invasive objective items and hope to learn the predicted probability of positive LSGB before referring patients with suspected Sjögren's syndrome to receive biopsy. This study aimed to explore the predictive value of combined B-mode ultrasonography (US) and shear-wave elastography (SWE) examination on LSGB results., Methods: A derivation cohort and later a validation cohort of patients with suspected Sjögren's syndrome were recruited. All participants received clinical assessments, B-mode US and SWE examination on bilateral parotid and submandibular glands before LSGB. Positive LSGB was defined by a focus score ⩾1 per 4 mm 2 of glandular tissue., Results: In the derivation cohort of 91 participants, either the total US scores or the total SWE values of four glands significantly distinguished patients with positive LSGB from those with negative results (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.956, 0.825, both p  < 0.001). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% in patients with total US scores ⩾9 or with total SWE values ⩾33 kPa. The negative predictive value (NPV) was 100% in patients with total US scores <5, but 68% in patients with total SWE values <27 kPa. A matrix risk model was derived based on the combination of total US scores and total SWE values. Patients can be stratified into high, moderate, and low risk of positive LSGB. In the validation cohort of 52 participants, the PPV was 94% in the high-risk subpopulation and the NPV was 93% in the low-risk subpopulation., Conclusion: A novel matrix risk model based on the combined B-mode US and SWE examination can help rheumatologists to make a shared decision with suspected Sjögren's syndrome patients on whether the invasive procedure of LSGB should be performed., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), 2021.)

The sluggish kinetics and unclear mechanism have significantly hindered the development of Li-CO 2 batteries. Here, a Li-CO 2 battery cathode catalyst based on a porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (TTCOF-Mn) with single metal sites is reported to reveal intrinsic catalytic sites of aprotic CO 2 conversion from the molecular level. The battery with TTCOF-Mn exhibits a low overpotential of 1.07 V at 100 mA/g as well as excellent stability at 300 mA/g, which is one of the best Li-CO 2 battery cathode catalysts to date. The unique features of TTCOF-Mn including uniform single-Mn(II)-sites, fast Li + transfer pathways, and high electron transfer efficiency contribute to effective CO 2 reduction and Li 2 CO 3 decomposition in the Li-CO 2 system. Density functional theory calculations reveal that different metalloporphyrin sites lead to different reaction pathways. The single-Mn(II) sites in TTCOF-Mn can activate CO 2 and achieve an efficient four-electron CO 2 conversion pathway. It is the first example to reveal the catalytic active sites and clear reaction pathways in aprotic Li-CO 2 batteries., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2020 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

The design of a powerful heterojunction structure and the study of the interfacial charge migration pathway at the atomic level are essential to mitigate the photocorrosion and recombination of electron-hole pairs of CdS in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE). A temperature-induced self-assembly strategy has been proposed for the syntheses of Prussian blue analogue (PBA)/CdS nanocomposites with beaded structure. The specially designed structure had evenly exposed CdS which can efficiently harvest visible light and inhibit photocorrosion; meanwhile, PBA with a large cavity provided channels for mass transfer and photocatalytic reaction centers. Remarkably, PB-Co/CdS-LT-3 exhibits a PHE rate of 57 228 μmol h -1 g -1 , far exceeding that of CdS or PB-Co and comparable to those of most reported crystalline porous material-based photocatalysts. The high performances are associated with efficient charge migration from CdS to PB-Co through CN-Cd electron bridges, as revealed by the DFT calculations. This work sheds light on the exploration of heterostructure materials in efficient PHE., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: Gastric cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and its traditional histopathological classification is difficult to meet clinical needs. Oxaliplatin is an antitumor drug with high efficiency and low toxicity. Therefore, the insensitivity or secondary drug resistance of oxaliplatin to gastric cancer is vital for tumor progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to oxaliplatin after ARID1A (AT-rich interactive domain1A gene) gene silencing., Methods: MGC-803 and AGS cells were selected as gastric cancer cells for study. ARID1A protein and mRNA expression was detected by Western blot and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) fragment of ARID1A gene silencing was constructed and introduced into gastric cancer cells. The cell proliferation activity was calculated using CCK8 and the IC50 was calculated. The flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis rate. The ability of cell invasion was detected by transwell method. Cells were treated with different concentrations of oxaliplatin., Results: The proliferation of gastric cancer cells was promoted by ARID1A gene silencing (P<0.01), the quantity of cells in S phase increased (P<0.05), and the invasive ability increased (P<0.05). After treatment with oxaliplatin at different concentrations, ARID1A gene silencing reduced the inhibition rate of oxaliplatin on gastric cancer cells and apoptosis rate (P<0.05), and increased IC 50 (P<0.01)., Conclusions: ARID1A gene silencing, a factor promoting proliferation of gastric cancer cells, would reduce the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to oxaliplatin, which can provide a basis for the exploration of targeted drugs for individualized treatment of gastric cancer., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr-20-2384). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2020 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Metal-organic framework (MOF) based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received significant attention in applications such as gas separation, sensing, and energy storage. However, the mass production of MOF-based MMMs with retained porosity remains a longstanding challenge. Herein, an in situ heat-assisted solvent-evaporation method is described to facilely produce MOF-based MMMs. This method can be extended into various MOFs and polymers with minimum reaction time of 5 min. Thus-obtained MMMs with high uniformity, excellent robustness, well-tuned loading, and thickness can be massively produced in industrial-level efficiency (≈4 m in a batch experiment). Furthermore, they can be readily applied as powerful separators for Li-S cell with high specific capacity (1163.7 mAh g -1 ) and a capacity retention of 500.7 mAh g -1 after 700 cycles at 0.5 C (0.08% fading per cycle). This work may overcome the longstanding challenge of processing MOFs into MMMs and largely facilitate the industrialization process of MOFs., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Based upon the hetero-N,O ligand of pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (Hpmc), a new semiconductive Cu(i)/Cu(ii) mixed-valence MOF with the full light spectrum and a novel topology of {4 3 ·6 12 ·8 6 } 2 {4 3 ·6 3 } 2 {6 3 } 6 {6 4 ·8 2 } 3 , {(Cu 4 I 4 ) 2.5 [Cu 3 (μ 4 -O) (μ 3 -I) (pmc) 3 (Dabco) 3 ]·2.5DMF·2MeCN} ∞ (NJU-Bai61, NJU-Bai for Nanjing University Bai group; Dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane), was synthesized stepwise. NJU-Bai61 exhibits good water/pH stabilities and a relatively large CO 2 adsorption capacity (29.82 cm 3 g -1 at 1 atm, 273 K) and could photocatalyze the reduction of CO 2 into CH 4 without additional photosensitizers and cocatalysts and with a high CH 4 production rate (15.75 μmol g -1 h -1 ) and a CH 4 selectivity of 72.8%. The CH 4 selectivity is the highest among the reported MOFs in aqueous solution. Experimental data and theoretical calculations further revealed that the Cu 4 I 4 cluster may adsorb light to generate photoelectrons and transfer them to its Cu 3 OI(CO 2 ) 3 cluster, and the Cu 3 OI(CO 2 ) 3 cluster could provide active sites to adsorb and reduce CO 2 and deliver sufficient electrons for CO 2 to produce CH 4 . This is the first time that the old Cu(i) x X y L z coordination polymers' application has been extended for the photoreduction of CO 2 to CH 4 and this opens up a new platform for the effective photoreduction of CO 2 to CH 4 ., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Identification of the real catalytic site in CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) is critical for the rational design of catalysts and the understanding of reactive mechanisms. In this study, the catalytic activity of pyridine-containing materials was for the first time structurally demonstrated in CO 2 RR by crystalline supramolecular coordination compounds model system. The system consists of three stable supramolecular coordination compounds (Ni-TPYP, Ni-TPYP-1 and Ni-TPP) with different numbers (4, 2 and 0) of active pyridine groups (i.e. uncoordinated pyridine nitrogen atoms). The electrocatalytic test results show that with the decrease of the number of active pyridine groups, the CO 2 RR performance is gradually reduced, mainly showing the reduction of highest FE CO (99.8%, 83.7% and 25.6%, respectively). The crystallographic, experimental and theoretical evidences prove that the CO 2 RR activity is more likely derived from uncoordinated pyridine nitrogen than the electrocatalytic inert metal nickel in porphyrin center. This work serves as an important case study for the identification of electrocatalytic activity of pyridine-containing materials in CO 2 RR by simple supramolecular model system., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)

Aim: To quantitatively evaluate the effect of the combined use of 577-nm subthreshold micropulse macular laser (SML) and multi-point mode pan retinal laser photocoagulation (PRP) on severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with central-involved diabetic macular edema (CIDME) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)., Methods: In this observational clinical study, 86 eyes of 86 NPDR patients with CIDME who underwent SML and PRP treatment were included. Images were obtained 1d before laser and post-laser (1d, 1wk, 1, 3, and 6mo) using AngioVue software 2.0. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, LogMAR), foveal avascular zone area (FAZ), choriocapillary flow area (ChF), parafoveal vessel density (PVD), capillary density inside disc (CDD), peripapillary capillary density (PCD), macular ganglion cell complex thickness (mGCCT), central macular thickness (CMT), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT) were compared between pre- and post-laser treatment., Results: BCVA remained stable during 6mo post-laser therapy (pre-laser vs 6mo post-laser: 0.53±0.21 vs 0.5±0.15, P >0.05). PVD, ChF, ChT, CMT, and mGCCT significantly increased 1d post-laser therapy [pre-laser vs 1d post-laser: superficial PVD (%), 40.51±3.42 vs 42.43±4.68; deep PVD (%), 42.66±3.67 vs 44.78±4.52; ChF, 1.72±0.21 vs 1.9±0.12 mm 2 ; ChT, 302.45±69.74 vs 319.38±70.93 µm; CMT, 301.65±110.78 vs 320.86±105.62 µm; mGCCT, 105.71±10.72 vs 115.46±9.64 µm; P <0.05]. However, PVD, ChF and ChT decreased to less than baseline level at 6mo post-laser therapy (pre-laser vs 6mo post-laser: superficial PVD (%), 40.51±3.42 vs 36.32±4.19; deep PVD (%), 42.66±3.67 vs 38.76±3.74; ChF, 1.72±0.21 vs 1.62±0.09 mm 2 ; ChT, 302.45±69.74 vs 289.61±67.55 µm; P <0.05), whereas CMT and mGCCT decreased to baseline level at 6mo post-laser therapy (CMT, 301.65±110.78 vs 297.77±90.23 µm; mGCCT, 105.71±10.72 vs 107.05±11.81 µm; P >0.05). Moreover, FAZ continuously increased while CDD and PCD continuously decreased in 6mo after laser therapy. CMT and ChT had a significant positive correlation with ChF and PVD in most post-laser stages., Conclusion: During a 6-month follow-up period after combined use of SML and PRP therapy, BCVA remained stable and there was a decreased trend in macular edema. Blood flow increased at 1d post-laser therapy and reduced at 6mo post-laser therapy., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Efficient conversion of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into value-added products is essential for clean energy research. Design of stable, selective, and powerful electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) is highly desirable yet largely unmet. In this work, a series of metalloporphyrin-tetrathiafulvalene based covalent organic frameworks (M-TTCOFs) are designed. Tetrathiafulvalene, serving as electron donator or carrier, can construct an oriented electron transmission pathway with metalloporphyrin. Thus-obtained M-TTCOFs can serve as electrocatalysts with high FE CO (91.3%, -0.7 V) and possess high cycling stability (>40 h). In addition, after exfoliation, the FE CO value of Co-TTCOF nanosheets (~5 nm) is higher than 90% in a wide potential range from -0.6 to -0.9 V and the maximum FE CO can reach up to almost 100% (99.7%, -0.8 V). The electrocatalytic CO 2 RR mechanisms are discussed and revealed by density functional theory calculations. This work paves a new way in exploring porous crystalline materials in electrocatalytic CO 2 RR.

Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction into energy carriers is of utmost importance due to the rising concentrations of CO 2 and the depleting energy resource. However, the highly selective generation of desirable hydrocarbon fuel, such as methane (CH 4 ), from CO 2 remains extremely challenging. Herein, we present two stable polyoxometalate-grafted metalloporphyrin coordination frameworks (POMCFs), which are constructed with reductive Zn-ϵ-Keggin clusters and photosensitive tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin (H 2 TCPP) linkers, exhibiting high selectivity (>96%) for CH 4 formation in a photocatalytic CO 2 -reduction system. To our knowledge, the high CH 4 selectivity of POMCFs has surpassed all of the reported coordination-framework-based heterogeneous photocatalysts for CO 2 -to-CH 4 conversion. Significantly, the introduction of a Zn-ϵ-keggin cluster with strong reducing ability is the important origin for POMCFs to obtain high photocatalytic selectivity for CH 4 formation, considering that eight Mo V atoms can theoretically donate eight electrons to fulfill the multielectron reduction process of CO 2 -to-CH 4 transformation., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)

The design of highly stable, selective and efficient electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction reaction is desirable while largely unmet. In this work, a series of precisely designed polyoxometalate-metalloporphyrin organic frameworks are developed. Noted that the integration of {ε-PMo 8 V Mo 4 VI O 40 Zn 4 } cluster and metalloporphyrin endows these polyoxometalate-metalloporphyrin organic frameworks greatly advantages in terms of electron collecting and donating, electron migration and electrocatalytic active component in the CO 2 reduction reaction. Thus-obtained catalysts finally present excellent performances and the mechanisms of catalysis processes are discussed and revealed by density functional theory calculations. Most importantly, Co-PMOF exhibits remarkable faradaic efficiency ( > 94%) over a wide potential range (-0.8 to -1.0 V). Its best faradaic efficiency can reach up to 99% (highest in reported metal-organic frameworks) and it exhibits a high turnover frequency of 1656 h -1 and excellent catalysis stability ( > 36 h).

The photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to value-added methane (CH 4 ) has been a promising strategy for sustainable energy development, but it is challenging to trigger this reaction because of its necessary eight-electron transfer process. In this work, an efficient photocatalytic CO 2 -to-CH 4 reduction reaction was achieved for the first time in aqueous solution by using two crystalline heterogeneous catalysts, H{[Na 2 K 4 Mn 4 (PO 4 ) (H 2 O) 4 ]⊂{[Mo 6 O 12 (OH) 3 (HPO 4 ) 3 (PO 4 )] 4 [Mn 6 (H 2 O) 4 ]}·16H 2 O ( NENU-605 ) and H{[Na 6 CoMn 3 (PO 4 )(H 2 O) 4 ]⊂{[Mo 6 O 12 (OH) 3 (HPO 4 ) 3 (PO 4 )] 4 [Co 1.5 Mn 4.5 ]}·21H 2 O ( NENU-606 ). Both compounds have similar host inorganic polyoxometalate (POM) structures constructed with strong reductive {P 4 Mo 6 V } units, homo/hetero transition metal ions (Mn II /Co II Mn II ) and alkali metal ions (K + and/or Na + ). It is noted that the {P 4 Mo 6 V } cluster including the six Mo V atoms served as a multi-electron donor in the case of a photocatalytic reaction, while the transition metal ions functioned as catalytically active sites for adsorbing and activating CO 2 molecules. Additionally, the presence of alkali metal ions was believed to assist in the capture of more CO 2 for the photocatalytic reaction. The synergistic combination of the above-mentioned components in NENU-605 and NENU-606 effectively facilitates the accomplishment of the required eight-electron transfer process for CH 4 evolution. Furthermore, NENU-606 containing hetero-metallic active sites finally exhibited higher CH 4 generation selectivity (85.5%) than NENU-605 (76.6%).

Triazole, similarly to imidazole, makes a prominent contribution to the proton conductivity of porous materials. To investigate the effects of triazole-based ligands in polyoxovanadates (POVs) on proton conduction, we designed and synthesized two decavanadate-based POVs, [Zn 3 (C 2 H 4 N 4 ) 6 (H 2 O) 6 ](V 10 O 28 )·14H 2 O (1) and [Zn 3 (C 2 H 3 N 3 ) 8 (H 2 O) 4 ](V 10 O 28 )·8H 2 O (2) constructed from the ligands 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and 1 H -1,2,4-triazole, respectively, via an aqueous solution evaporation method. Surprisingly, complex 1 obtained a superior proton conductivity of 1.24 × 10 -2 S cm -1 under 60 °C and 98% RH, which is much higher than that of complex 2. Furthermore, due to the contribution of the conjugate properties of the ligands to the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, we also studied its two-photon responses and achieved satisfactory results., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

A nanocomposite polyoxomolybdate (PMo 12 )-polypyrrole (PPy)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is fabricated by using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. This facile strategy skillfully ensures that individual polyoxometalate (POM) molecules are uniformly immobilized on the RGO surfaces because of the wrapping of polypyrrole (PPy), which avoids the desorption and dissolution of POMs during cycling. The unique architecture endows the PMo 12 -PPy/RGO with the lithium storage behavior of a hybrid battery-supercapacitor electrode: the nanocomposite with a lithium storage capacity delivers up to 1000 mAh g -1 at 100 mA g -1 after 50 cycles. Moreover, it still demonstrates an outstanding rate capability and a long cycle life (372.4 mAh g -1 at 2 A g -1 after 400 cycles). The reversible capacity of this nanocomposite has surpassed most pristine POMs and POMs-based electrode materials reported to date., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Objective: To investigate the clinical implications of p16 gene deletion in adult Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+) ALL) . Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical, immunophenotypic, cytogenetics, molecular characteristics and prognosis of 80 newly diagnosed Ph(+) ALL patients with p16 deletion. Results: Of 80 adult Ph(+) ALL, the prevalence of p16 gene deletion was 31.3%. p16 gene deletion carriers frequently accompanied with high WBC counts (WBC≥30×10(9)/L) and CD20 expression. The incidence of complex chromosome abnormality in p16 gene deletion group was higher than that in non-deletion group, with alternations in chromosome 7, 8, 19 and der (22) more frequently observed. There was no difference occurred between patients with or without p16 gene deletion in complete remission (CR) rate following induction chemotherapy combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) . However, after three cycles of chemotherapy, the MMR and CMR rate in the p16 gene deletion group was lower than patients with wild-type p16 gene ( P =0.034, P =0.036) . The p16 gene deletion patients showed no significant differences in MMR, CMR and relapse rate between Imatinib or Dasatinib plus chemotherapy ( P >0.05) . Deletion of p16 gene was significantly associated with poor outcomes including worse overall survival (OS) (37.1% vs 54.1%, P =0.037) , lower disease free-survival (DFS) (12.4% vs 45.9%, P =0.026) , and increased cumulative incidence of relapse ( P =0.033) . Among the 25 patients with p16 deletion, 14 underwent allo-HSCT and the median survival was 21 months, better than that of patients received chemotherapy alone (12 months) ( P =0.030) . Conclusion: This study indicated that deletion of p16 was associated with poor prognosis in adult Ph(+) ALL, and the utility of second-generation TKI (Dasatinib) does not necessarily have an edge on efficacy over Imatinib, but allo-HSCT has the potential of elongating life expectancy. It is an important significance to define the status of p16 in Ph(+) ALL for predicting prognosis and guiding therapy decision-making.

Objective: To analyze the association of cytogenetic abnormalities with the prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) era. Methods: Karyotype analysis of chromosome G-banding was carried out in 387 newly diagnosed CML patients by short-term culture of bone marrow cells. The correlation of cytogenetic abnormalities and CML progression was explored in combination with ABL tyrosine point mutations. Result: Of 387 patients with positive BCR-ABL fusion gene assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, 94.1% (364/387) patients were Ph positive and 5.9% (23/387) Ph negative; 320 patients (87.9%) had a translocation t (9;22) (q34;q11) and 5 (1.4%) a variant translocation t (v;22) . Additional cytogenetic aberrations (ACA) at diagnosis were found in 10.7% (39/387) Ph(+) patients, major route ACA in 22 (56.4%) cases and minor route ACA in 15 (38.5%) cases and 2 patients (5.1%) lacked the Y chromosome (-Y) ; 23.4% (71/303) patients occurred ACA during TKI treatment and the most frequent abnormalities were abnormal chromosome numbersd, which were likely associated with high proportion of disease progression ( χ (2)=168.21, P< 0.001) and ABL tyrosine point mutations ( χ (2)=29.04, P< 0.001) . Newly diagnosed CML-CP patients with t (9;22) (q34;q11) had a longer event-free survival (EFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates than that of patients with ACA ( P =0.037; P=0.003) , while the overall survival (OS) had no significant differences ( P =0.209) . As for CML-CP patients that occurred ACA during TKI therapy would have a marked low OS, EFS and DFS (all P <0.001) compared with no ACA occurred patients. Survival of advanced patients that occurred ACA were dramatically reduced. Conclusion: ACA often emerged during the disease progress in CML patients, regular and timely detection of chromosomes karyotype and ABL tyrosine point mutations during TKI treatment was important for therapeutic evaluation, progress and prognosis of CML.

Electrochemical water splitting is one of the most economical and sustainable methods for large-scale hydrogen production. However, the development of low-cost and earth-abundant non-noble-metal catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction remains a challenge. Here we report a two-dimensional coupled hybrid of molybdenum carbide and reduced graphene oxide with a ternary polyoxometalate-polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite as a precursor. The hybrid exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction and excellent stability in acidic media, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the best among these reported non-noble-metal catalysts. Theoretical calculations on the basis of density functional theory reveal that the active sites for hydrogen evolution stem from the pyridinic nitrogens, as well as the carbon atoms, in the graphene. In a proof-of-concept trial, an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution is fabricated, which may open new avenues for the design of nanomaterials utilizing POMs/conducting polymer/reduced-graphene oxide nanocomposites.

This study is a retrospective analysis evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of combination chemotherapy with S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer. One hundred and twenty-nine patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma were treated with SOX; S-1 (40-60 mg depending on patient's body surface area) was given orally, twice daily on days 1 to 14 followed by a 7-day rest period, 130 mg/m(2) oxaliplatin was given as an intravenous infusion over 2-hours on day one. The cycle was repeated every three weeks. All of the patients were older than 65 years. Among 129 patients enrolled, nine patients could not be evaluated for responses because of the absence of any measurable lesions or early discontinuation of therapy. Assessment of the response of 120 patients was made. The overall objective response rate was 54.2 % (95 %CI, 45.3-63.1 %), with three complete responses and 62 partial responses. The disease control rate was 80.8 % (95 %CI, 73.8-87.8 %). The median follow-up period was 23 months (range, 5-42 months). The median time to progression was 6.9 months (95 %CI, 5.5-8.3 months) and the median overall survival was 12.8 months (95 %CI, 11.4-14.2 months). The one-year survival rate was 57.5 % (95 %CI, 48.7-66.3 %). In 129 patients assessed safety, grade 3 and 4 toxicities included leucopenia (20.9 %), neutropenia (24.0 %), anemia (10.9 %), thrombocytopenia (10.1 %), anorexia (3.1 %), peripheral neurotoxicity (15.5 %), and fatigue (12.4 %). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Combination chemotherapy with SOX offers an effective, safe and well-tolerated regimen for elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer.

We designed and successfully fabricated a ZnS/CdS 3D mesoporous heterostructure with a mediating Zn 1- x Cd x S interface that serves as a charge carrier transport channel for the first time. The H 2 -production rate and the stability of the heterostructure involving two sulfides were dramatically and simultaneously improved by the careful modification of the interface state via a simple post-annealing method. The sample prepared with the optimal parameters exhibited an excellent H 2 -production rate of 106.5 mmol h -1 g -1 under visible light, which was 152 and 966 times higher than CdS prepared using ethylenediamine and deionized water as the solvent, respectively. This excellent H 2 -production rate corresponded to the highest value among the CdS-based photocatalysts. Moreover, this heterostructure showed excellent photocatalytic stability over 60 h.

A stable N-rich aromatic ligand is employed to prepare energetic zeolite-like metal-organic frameworks. IFMC-1 shows excellent air stability, and the lowest sensitivity toward impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge and the highest predicted heat of detonation among the reported coordination polymers, and even commercial materials (such as trinitrotoluene (TNT)).

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) has been prevalent for some time in China and it was first identified in 2010. However, the seroprevalence of SFTSV in the general population in southeastern China and risk factors associated with the infection are currently unclear. Blood samples were collected from seven counties across Zhejiang province and tested for the presence of SFTSV-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. A total of 1380 blood samples were collected of which 5·51% were seropositive for SFTSV with seroprevalence varying significantly between sites. Seroprevalence of SFTSV in people who were family members of the patient, lived in the same village as the patient, or lived in a different village than the patient varied significantly. There was significant difference in seroprevalence between participants who bred domestic animals and participants who did not. Domestic animals are probably potential reservoir hosts and contact with domestic animals may be a transmission route of SFTSV.

The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) ternary-doped metal-free porous carbon materials have been successfully synthesized using MOFs as templates (denoted as NPS-C-MOF-5) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for the first time. The influences of porous carbons from carbonizing different MOFs and carbonization temperature on ORR have been systematically investigated. Due to the synergistic effect of N, P and S ternary-doping, the NPS-C-MOF-5 catalyst shows a higher onset potential as a metal-free electrocatalyst for ORR among the currently reported metal-free electrocatalysts, very close to the commercial Pt-C catalyst. In particular, the kinetic limiting current density of NPS-C-MOF-5 catalyst at -0.6 V is up to approximate -11.6 mA cm(-2), which is 1.2 times higher than that of the commercial Pt-C catalyst. Furthermore, the outstanding methanol tolerance and excellent long-term stability of NPS-C-MOF-5 are superior to those of the commercial Pt-C catalyst for ORR in alkaline media.

A novel 3D hexadecanuclear heteropolyoxozincate organic framework, IFMC-200, has been successfully synthesized based on a late transition metal-oxygen cluster. IFMC-200 not only represents the first example of (3,4,24)-connected framework but also contains the first 24-connected single metal cluster in a crystal structure. It exhibits superior thermal stability, good water-stability, and even insensitivity to the existence of acid and base within a certain range of pH values. Furthermore, it performs as a heterogeneous crystalline Lewis acid catalyst with good activity for the conversion of long-chain fatty acids rather than short-chain ones, and high recycling efficiency for esterification reaction of fatty acids with alcohols to produce biodiesel.

Aim: to investigate the ability of drug-loaded N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogels to modulate wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery., Methods: the drug-loaded CMCS hydrogels were in situ synthesized using genipin as the crosslinker in the presence of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) or bevacizumab. Their structures were characterized by FTIR, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In-vitro drug release experiments and in vivo evaluation in rabbits were performed., Results: the results of FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy and SEM analyses indicated that 5FU was encapsulated into the CMCS hydrogels that were crosslinked by genipin. The in vitro drug release experiments showed that nearly 100% of 5FU was released from the drug-loaded hydrogels within 8 h, but less than 20% bevacizumab was released after 53 h. The in vivo evaluation in rabbits indicated that the drug-loaded CMCS hydrogels were nontoxic to the cornea and were gradually biodegraded in the eyes. Furthermore, the drug-loaded CMCS hydrogels effectively inhibited conjunctival scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery and controlled postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP)., Conclusion: the drug-loaded CMCS hydrogels provide a great opportunity to increase the therapeutic efficacy of glaucoma filtration surgery.

Purpose: An increase of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) has been found to improve outflow through the uveoscleral pathway. This experiment was designed to test whether reduction of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B alpha (IkappaBalpha) levels could enhance MMP-2 expression in human ciliary muscle (HCM) cells in vitro., Methods: The small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IkappaBalpha) was transfected into HCM cells. The mRNA and protein levels of IkappaBalpha, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)p65, MMP-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in HCM cells were examined 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after IkappaBalpha siRNA transfection by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. The activation of NF-kappaBp65 was determined through the translocation of NF-kappaBp65 by fluorescence microscope. Gelatin zymography was used to detect the secretion and activity of MMP-2., Results: Real-time RT-PCR and western blot showed that transfection of IkappaBalpha siRNA led to gradual downregulation of IkappaBalpha and TIMP-2 both at the mRNA and protein level after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The IkappaBalpha and TIMP-2 mRNA levels decreased 92.7%+/-1.6% and 70.3%+/-13.1%, respectively, and the protein levels were reduced 87.3%+/-2.0% and 62.9%+/-0.8% (p<0.01), respectively, when compared to the control 72 h after siRNA transfection. Conversely, the MMP-2 and MT1-MMP mRNA and protein levels increased in the time-dependent manner after IkappaBalpha siRNA transfection. The MMP-2 and MT1-MMP mRNA levels increased 178%+/-4.6% and 165%+/-8.2%, respectively, while protein levels were raised to 162%+/-3.7% and 157.6%+/-5.7% (p<0.01), respectively, when compared to the control 72 h after IkappaBalpha siRNA transfection. Although no obvious changes were seen in either mRNA or protein levels of total NF-kappaBp65 (p>0.05), the protein level of NF-kappaBp65 increased dramatically in the nucleus as revealed by western blot and fluorescence staining 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after IkappaBalpha siRNA transfection. Moreover, gelatin zymography indicated that the secretion and activity of MMP-2 in treated cells were higher than those in the control cells. The maximum increases of pro-MMP-2 and active-MMP-2 were 172%+/-15% and 151%+/-14% (p<0.01), respectively, when compared to the control at the experiment's conclusion 72 h after siRNA transfection., Conclusions: Expression and activity of MMP-2 was enhanced by the IkappaBalpha siRNA in HCM cells through the activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Our results suggested that IkappaBalpha may therefore be a potential target for controlling the uveoscleral outflow pathway in glaucoma.

The title organic-inorganic hybrid compound, [Co(C(10)H(8)N(2)O(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](2)[Mo(8)O(26)].2H(2)O, consists of [Co(bpdo)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](2+) (bpdo is 2,2-bipyridine N,N'-dioxide) and xi-[Mo(8)O(26)](4-) groups in a 2:1 ratio, plus two water solvent molecules. The independent Co atom in the cation is coordinated by four O atoms from two bpdo ligands and two water molecules, in a distorted octahedral geometry. The counter-anions, built up around a symmetry center, are linked by solvent water molecules through O-H...O hydrogen bonds to generate two-dimensional layers, which are in turn linked by coordinated water molecules from the cationic units through further O-H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.

Genome stability requires a set of RecQ-Top3 DNA helicase-topoisomerase complexes whose sole budding yeast homolog is encoded by SGS1-TOP3. RMI1/NCE4 was identified as a potential intermediate in the SGS1-TOP3 pathway, based on the observation that strains lacking any one of these genes require MUS81 and MMS4 for viability. This idea was tested by confirming that sgs1 and rmi1 mutants display the same spectrum of synthetic lethal interactions, including the requirements for SLX1, SLX4, SLX5, and SLX8, and by demonstrating that rmi1 mus81 synthetic lethality is dependent on homologous recombination. On their own, mutations in RMI1 result in phenotypes that mimic those of sgs1 or top3 strains including slow growth, hyperrecombination, DNA damage sensitivity, and reduced sporulation. And like top3 strains, most rmi1 phenotypes are suppressed by mutations in SGS1. We show that Rmi1 forms a heteromeric complex with Sgs1-Top3 in yeast and that these proteins interact directly in a recombinant system. The Rmi1-Top3 complex is stable in the absence of the Sgs1 helicase, but the loss of either Rmi1 or Top3 in yeast compromises its partner's interaction with Sgs1. Biochemical studies demonstrate that recombinant Rmi1 is a structure-specific DNA binding protein with a preference for cruciform structures. We propose that the DNA binding specificity of Rmi1 plays a role in targeting Sgs1-Top3 to appropriate substrates.