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CNRS 4, FNEGE 3, HCERES B; International audience; Research literature on blockchain technology is starting to emerge. Blockchain technology is primarily associated with cryptocurrencies, raising interest in an application in other business sectors, thanks to its characteristics. The decentralized nature of blockchain creates the new concept of a token economy, which can help to trace and valorize intellectual property - one of the essential challenges in co-creation. This paper considers how blockchain technology and tokenization can solve challenges in co-creation projects consisting of large companies, startups and entrepreneurial accelerators. The paper proposes an exploratory analysis based on interviews conducted with French companies and startups. The findings include a framework of (1) challenges, lack of operating rules, trust, and traceability, and (2) the potential benefits of blockchain and tokenization to solve issues that arise. The findings can be useful for both startups and large companies as a starting point for understanding and adopting blockchain technology.

International audience; Cet atelier vous propose un retour d’expérience concernant le projet international Minetest débuté en 2019 à l’IAE Gustave Eiffel (Université Paris-Est Créteil, UPEC) en partenariat avec l’École des Sciences de la Gestion de l’Université du Québec à Montréal (ESG-UQAM). L’objectif est de concevoir un dispositif d’apprentissage expérientiel de portée internationale dans le cadre du projet pédagogique et de recherche en ludopédagogie EduTEam de l’Institut de Recherche en Gestion (EA 2354). Une première expérimentation technique réalisée dans le monde virtuel du jeu en ligne multijoueur Minetest d’une durée de six semaines a été menée avec trente-six étudiants Indiens, Ukrainiens, Allemands, Français et Canadiens, soit une couverture de douze fuseaux horaires ! Cette réussite technique va permettre d’atteindre nos objectifs initiaux afin de proposer aux participants de cette expérimentation la conception de cours et/ou de projet internationaux (gestion de projet, management, créativité, etc.) pour l’année universitaire 2021-2022. Grâce à cette expérience ludopédagogique internationale, nous disposons dorénavant d’une modalité innovante de coopération universitaire internationale agile, modulaire et accessible financièrement.

Highlights • Technology contributes to peace in democracies but may not in non-democracies. • E-voting provides benefits but also raises concerns and conflicts. • Blockchain transparency and traceability can reduce concerns about e-voting. • The benefits of peace engineering in elections depend on human factors. • Trust in both tool and system is key for adopting disruptive technologies., In recent decades, several countries have faced political tensions due to citizens’ perceptions that their elections are fraudulent; some electors have even chosen not to vote because they believe that the results may be falsified. Thus, electoral fraud is a major issue. E-governance and e-voting are now being used in many countries, some of which are investigating blockchain solutions. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential contributions of blockchain technology to peace on a worldwide level by securing voting systems. Unfortunately, this technology is complex and could potentially generate conflict between actors in elections. Taking an exploratory approach, the authors chose a qualitative method to address this specific topic. Election observers and blockchain experts were interviewed to identify the technology's strengths and weaknesses. Our results emphasize the importance of trust and human factors in the voting process.

International audience; Open Innovation is a field of research widely explored and many technologies are developed to support the involvement of users, or other external stakeholders of a company, in its distributed co-creation process, i.e. when actors work asynchronously and at geographical distance. One of the fundamental parameters to the success of distributed collaborative approaches is the trust that the actors have in each other, in the current process and in technology. However, practitioners make little use of trust as a parameter for piloting and supporting co-creation project deployment. The lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved seems to explain this situation. Using the analysis of two case studies of co-creation in the field of energy, this paper proposes to identify the levers, notably technological ones, favoring the confidence between stakeholders and by extension the agility of the process. In addition to practical lighting, this paper provides a first co-creation project management framework for practitioners, through the design of the "co-con" model.; L’Innovation Ouverte est un champ de recherche largement exploré et de nombreux dispositifs technologiques sont développés pour soutenir l’implication des usagers, ou autres acteurs extérieurs d’une entreprise, dans son processus de co-création distribuée, i.e. lorsque les acteurs travaillent de manière asynchrone et à distance géographique. Un des paramètres fondamentaux au succès de démarches collaboratives distribuées est la confiance que les acteurs s’accordent entre eux, dans le processus en cours et aux technologies auxquels ils sont confrontés. La notion de confiance reste néanmoins encore peu utilisée comme paramètre de pilotage et de soutien au déploiement de projet de co-création. Le manque de compréhension des mécanismes en jeu semble expliquer cette situation. A travers l’analyse de deux études de cas de co-création appliquée au domaine de l’énergie, ce papier propose d’identifier les leviers, notamment technologiques, favorisant la confiance entre les parties et par extension l’agilité du processus. En complément d’un éclairage des pratiques, ce papier fournit un premier cadre de pilotage de projet de co-création pour les praticiens à travers la conception du modèle « co-con ».

Open Innovation is widely explored, and many technologies are developed to support the involvement of stakeholders in its distributed co-design process, i.e. when actors work asynchronously and at a geographical distance. One of the fundamental parameters for the success of distributed collaborative approaches is the trust that the actors have in each other, in the current process and in technology. However, practitioners make little use of trust as a parameter for piloting and supporting co-creation of value. The lack of understanding of the mechanisms involved seems to explain this situation. Using a multiple-case-study analysis of co-design in the field of energy, this paper proposes to identify the levers in Living Lab favouring the trust between stakeholders. In addition to practical illustration, this paper provides a first co-design project management framework for practitioners, through the development of the “Co-coon Matrix”. JEL Codes: O31, O33, L17

International audience