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Objective To investigate the prevalence of zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in blood donors in Kunming, China. Methods A total of 10 662 samples from blood donors in Kunming from August 2022 to October 2023 were randomly collected, and ZIKV RNA, DENV RNA and CHIKV RNA were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR). Results Effective test results were obtained from 10 554 samples, and no positive case of ZIKV RNA, DENV RNA and CHIKV RNA was found in this investigation. Conclusion The risk of ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV infections among blood donors in Kunming is low, and there is no immediate need for routine screening for these viruses among blood donors in this region.

C48H35Fe2NO4P2Se2, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 20.3289(18) Å, b = 12.6909(11) Å, c = 17.6743(16) Å, β = 109.767(4)∘, V = 4291.1(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0638, wRref(F2) = 0.1439, T = 298(2) K.

The complex mechanical and damage mechanisms of rocks are intricately tied to their diverse mineral compositions and the formation of pores and cracks under external loads. Numerous rock tests reveal a complex interplay between the closure of porous defects and the propagation of induced cracks, presenting challenges in accurately representing their mechanical properties, especially under true triaxial stress conditions. This paper proposes a conceptualization of rock at the mesoscopic level as a two-phase composite, consisting of a bonded medium matrix and frictional medium inclusions. The bonded medium is characterized as a mesoscopic elastic material, encompassing various minerals surrounding porous defects. Its mechanical properties are determined using the mixed multi-inclusion method. Transformation of the bonded medium into the frictional medium occurs through crack extension, with its elastoplastic properties defined by the Drucker–Prager yield criterion, accounting for hardening, softening, and extension. Mori–Tanaka and Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion methods are applied to the bonded and frictional media, respectively. The macroscopic mechanical properties of the rock are derived from these mesoscopic media. Consequently, a True Triaxial Macro-Mesoscopic (TTMM) constitutive model is developed. This model effectively captures the competitive effect and accurately describes the stress-deformation characteristics of granite. Utilizing the TTMM model, the strains resulting from porous defect closure and induced crack extension are differentiated, enabling quantitative determination of the associated damage evolution.

Abstract Olfactory cues are considered a new sensory medium that can enhance learning, but the lack of empirical data has hampered their widespread use in educational practice. This requires empirical research to explore the effects of olfactory cues on learning. To address this research need, an experimental research study was conducted among 87 fourth graders from a Chinese elementary school. It explored the innovative design of adding olfactory cues to text materials by examining their effects on retention and schemata construction as learning outcomes, as well as their influence on learners’ cognitive load and learning experience. In this between-subjects design experiment, the experimental group (n = 44) learned text materials with the introduction of olfactory cues, while the control group (n = 43) only learned text materials. After the learning activity, participants were asked to complete the questionnaires, immediate test, and delayed test. The results revealed that the usage of olfactory cues synchronized with text materials can enhance delayed retention, facilitate schemata construction, and improve learner experience without increasing cognitive load. This study confirms the potential of well-designed olfactory cues in educational practice and provides insights for designing and presenting multimedia learning resources.

Purposes Rebar plays an indispensable role in construction engineering; however, challenges such as densely packed end faces, non-uniform diameter scales, adhesive boundaries, background fusion, and occlusions between end faces have made precise counting a significant challenge. In recent years, deep learning has made remarkable strides in the field of dense object counting. Nonetheless, deep leaming faces limitations because of the need for large-scale data and computational resources, hindering its practical application. Methods In response to these challenges, an enhanced YOLOv8 model framework is introduced for rebar end detection. The framework incorporates Spatial and Channel reconstruction Convolutional (SCConv) modules and the Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) loss function tailored for small object detection. Findings Experimental results from ablation tests demonstrate that the SCConv module significantly reduces network parameters while maintains network performance. Furthermore, the NWD loss function notably enhances the accuracy of rebar end detection in large models. This re search provides an effective solution for achieving high-precision and lightweight rebar counting.

Objective: This study aimed to establish a hollow fiber ligand fishing method for screening γ- Aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-T) inhibitory component from the volatile oil of Acorus tatarinowii. Methods: Based on optimizing the enzyme assisted extraction process of volatile oil from A. tatarinowii using response surface methodology, GABA-T solution was injected into the hollow fiber lumen and used as a "bait" to fish out the potential active components in A. tatarinowii volatile oil, and its GABA-T inhibitory activity was verified. Results: The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions of volatile oil from A. tatarinowii were as follows: cellulase content 3 165 U/g, enzymolysis time 1.8 h, enzymolysis temperature 45 ℃, and the yield of volatile oil from A. tatarinowii was 2.56%. Finally, 51 compounds were identified, mainly including olefins, alcohols, ethers, ketones, phenols, acids, and other compounds. 3 mg/mL of GABA-T solution was injected into the cavity of the U-shaped hollow fiber tube, incubated for 160 min, sealed, and placed in the volatile oil of A. tatarinowii for ultrasonic (60 kHz) fishing for 20 min, and then analyzed with LCMS-IT-TOF system. Successfully filtered out α-Asarone has a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on GABA-T activity, with an IC50 of 57.9 μg/mL. Conclusion: The established hollow fiber ligand fishing method is stable, feasible, and easy to operate.

[Objective] This study was aimed to explore the impact of different land use patterns on regional ecosystem carbon storage. [Methods] In this paper, using the SD-PLUS coupled model and the coupled shared socio-economic path and representative concentration path (SSP-RCP) scenario proposed by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the land use changes in Shaanxi province in 2030 were projected, and then the different future scenarios simulated by the InVEST model were used to predict the Shaanxi Province’s carbon storage and its spatial distribution under different future scenarios simulated by the InVEST model. [Results] (1) The SD model constructed was tested historically, and its error was less than 5%, and the Kappa index of land use in 2020 simulated by the PLUS model was 0.86, and the accuracy and reliability of the model generally met the requirements. (2) Under the three scenarios, the area of future construction land increased, and the scenarios with the lowest to highest growth rates were: SSP126, SSP245, SSP585. Under all scenarios, the area of forest land increased, and the area of watersheds remained stable; the area of grassland had a small increase under the SSP126 scenario, and decreased in other scenarios; and the area of arable land decreased in all three scenarios. (3) Carbon stock in Shaanxi Province decreased under all three scenarios, with the decrease in carbon stock in the Guanzhong plain being the main reason for the decrease in carbon stock in Shaanxi province. [Conclusion] The area of ecological land occupied by the expansion of construction land is the smallest under the SSP126 scenario, which takes into account both socio-economic development and the need for ecological protection, and can provide a reference model for the future protection of land resources and high-quality development in Shaanxi province.

The Pamir‒Tian Shan collision zone, located at the northwestern edge of the Himalaya‒Qingzang orogenic belt, provides a natural laboratory for investigating the development of fluvial terraces controlled by regional climate change and tectonic uplift. In this study, we conducted geomorphological mapping and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide 10Be dating of fluvial terraces in the Wuheshalu syncline, within the Pamir‒Tian Shan collision zone. Four major fluvial terraces were identified in the Wuheshalu syncline, with ages of approximately 187, 141, 90, and 19 ka, respectively. These terraces were abandoned during three glacial‒interglacial transition periods (Marine Isotope Stage 6/5 (MIS6/5), cold-to-warm transition period of MIS5, and end of MIS2 or MIS2/1) and one interglacial‒glacial period (MIS7/6), and exhibit a strong correlation with regional climate change. Tectonic uplift contributed only one-third of the observed fluvial incision. These results suggest that river incision and terrace formation in the Pamir‒Tian Shan collision zone are primarily driven by periodic fluctuations in climate, with a lesser contribution from tectonic uplift.

[Objective] This study aimed to realize the high value-added resource utilization of walnut production waste. [Methods] Ultrasonic assisted tartaric acid was used to extract pectin from walnut peel. The extraction process was optimized by response surface test, and its lipid-lowering ability and antioxidant activity were analyzed. [Results] Under the control of the conditions of ultrasonic power of 300 W, ultrasonic temperature of 95 ℃, ultrasonic time of 27 minutes, liquid to material ratio of 19∶1 （mL/g）, and pH of 2, the yield of walnut green peel pectin was the highest, reaching 25.92 mg/g. Walnut green peel pectin had good adsorption capacity for cholesterol, binding capacity for bile salts, and inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase. Walnut green peel pectin also had strong antioxidant effects. When the concentration was 2 mg/mL, the clearance rates of hydroxyl radicals, DPPH radicals, and ABTS radicals reached （78.74±0.58）%, （91.56±1.27）%, and （97.89±0.72）%, respectively. [Conclusion] High-quality walnut green peel pectin could be obtained by optimizing the ultrasonic assisted tartaric acid extraction process. This pectin had good lipid-lowering function and antioxidant activity, and can be used as natural pectin resources for further research and development.

Introduction: Previous results from the phase 3 ALESIA study (NCT02838420) revealed that alectinib (a central nervous system [CNS]-active, ALK inhibitor) had clinical benefits in treatment-naïve Asian patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC, consistent with the global ALEX study. We present updated data after more than or equal to 5 years of follow-up from the “last patient in” date. Methods: Adult patients with treatment-naïve, advanced ALK-positive NSCLC from mainland China, South Korea, and Thailand were randomized 2:1 to receive twice-daily 600 mg alectinib (n = 125) or 250 mg crizotinib (n = 62). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival. Secondary or exploratory endpoints included overall survival, objective response rate, time to CNS progression, and safety. Results: At the data cutoff (May 16, 2022), the median survival follow-up was 61 and 51 months in the alectinib and crizotinib arms, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 41.6 months with alectinib versus 11.1 months with crizotinib (stratified hazard ratio = 0.33, 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.49). Overall survival data remain immature; 5-year overall survival rates were 66.4% (alectinib arm) versus 56.1% (crizotinib arm). Objective response rate was 91.2% versus 77.4% with alectinib and crizotinib, respectively. CNS progression was delayed with alectinib versus crizotinib (cause-specific hazard ratio = 0.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.32). Median treatment duration was longer with alectinib versus crizotinib (42.3 versus 12.6 mo). No new safety signals were observed. Conclusions: With four additional years of follow-up, these updated results confirm the clinical benefit and manageable safety of alectinib in Asian patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC, and confirm alectinib as a standard-of-care treatment for patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC.

This article summarizes the treatment and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing experience of a patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome complicated with dissociative disorder. Through syndrome differentiation and nursing, Traditional Chinese Medicine characteristic nursing methods such as bamboo cupping therapy, moxibustion and five-tone music therapy were given according to the syndrome types and clinical symptoms, combined with psychotherapy and routine nursing interventions. The combined treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing techniques are effective to improve the muscle strength and relieve the uncomfortable symptoms of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome complicated with dissociative disorder. (本文总结1例吉兰-巴雷综合征合并分离性障碍患者的中西医结合护理经验。基于护理评估和中医辨证, 在病情观察、生活指导、饮食护理等常规护理基础上, 采取竹罐、艾灸、五音疗法等中医护理适宜技术, 有效提高患者四肢肌力, 改善了患者不适症状。)

Abstract Endothelial cells are a heterogeneous population with various organ-specific and conserved functions that are critical to organ development, function, and regeneration. Here we report a Sox17-Erg direct reprogramming approach that uses cardiac fibroblasts to create differentiated endothelial cells that demonstrate endothelial-like molecular and physiological functions in vitro and in vivo. Injection of these induced endothelial cells into myocardial infarct sites after injury results in improved vascular perfusion of the scar region. Furthermore, we use genomic analyses to illustrate that Sox17-Erg reprogramming instructs cardiac fibroblasts toward an arterial-like identity. This results in a more efficient direct conversion of fibroblasts into endothelial-like cells when compared to traditional Etv2-based reprogramming. Overall, this Sox17-Erg direct reprogramming strategy offers a robust tool to generate endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo, and has the potential to be used in repairing injured tissue.

Abstract Quantum information is often carried in the frequency and polarization degrees of freedom (DoFs) in single photons and entangled photons. We demonstrate an approach to couple and decouple the frequency and polarization DoFs of broadband biphotons. Our approach is based on a nonlinear interferometer consisting of a linear dispersive medium and a polarization controller in between the two biphoton sources (nonlinear media). When the two DoFs are decoupled, maximally polarization-entangled biphotons are observed in the polarization DoF, while interference fringes are observed in the spectrum of the biphotons. When the two DoFs are coupled, by adjusting the polarization controller, interference fringes disappear from the spectrum and instead appear in the degree of polarization entanglement, varying between 0 and 1, depending on the signal and idler frequencies. Our approach offers a convenient means of tuning the polarization entanglement and can be employed for arbitrary biphoton polarization state generation.

The pervasive use of synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) in second language (L2) learning has generated increasing interest among researchers in integrating SCMC with task-based language teaching (TBLT). This study examined the effects of task complexity on Chinese EFL learners’ language production in SCMC modality to develop optimal tasks that facilitate the learning of English in SCMC environments. Eighty-four intermediate Chinese EFL learners completed two interactive tasks (simple and complex) in dyads via text-based or video-based SCMC. Their English productions were transcribed and coded in terms of syntactic complexity, lexical complexity and accuracy for statistical analyses. The results indicated that increasing task complexity elicited significantly lower syntactic complexity in text-based SCMC, but without significant effects on syntactic complexity in video-based SCMC. Significantly higher lexical complexity and unaffected accuracy were observed in both SCMC modes as a result of an increase in task complexity. Regarding SCMC modality, text-based SCMC resulted in significantly lower syntactic complexity, but significantly higher lexical complexity and accuracy than video-based SCMC.

Plasmodium vivax serological exposure markers (SEMs) have emerged as promising tools for the actionable surveillance and implementation of targeted interventions to accelerate malaria elimination. To determine the dynamic profiles of SEMs in current and past P. vivax infections, we screened and selected 11 P. vivax proteins from 210 putative proteins using protein arrays, with a set of serum samples obtained from patients with acute P. vivax and documented past P. vivax infections. Then we used a murine protein immune model to initially investigate the humoral and memory B cell response involved in the generation of long-lived antibodies. We show that of the 11 proteins, especially C-terminal 42-kDa region of P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP1-42) induced longer-lasting long-lived antibodies, as these antibodies were detected in individuals infected with P. vivax in the 1960-1970s who were not re-infected until 2012. In addition, we provide a potential mechanism for the maintenance of long-lived antibodies after the induction of PvMSP1-42. The results indicate that PvMSP1-42 induces more CD73+CD80+ memory B cells (MBCs) compared to P. vivax GPI-anchored micronemal antigen (PvGAMA), allowing IgG anti-PvMSP1-42 antibodies to be maintained for a long time.

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are prevalent in nature and man-made environments, and they can survive in harsh conditions by forming cysts. Studies have discovered that some FLA species are able to show pathogenicity to human health, leading to severe infections of central nervous systems, eyes, etc. with an extremely low rate of recovery. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a surveillance framework for FLA in environmental habitats. While many studies investigated the risks of independent FLA, interactions between FLA and surrounding microorganisms determined microbial communities in ecosystems and further largely influenced public health. Here we systematically discussed the interactions between FLA and different types of microorganisms and corresponding influences on behaviors and health risks of FLA in the environment. Specifically, bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes can interact with FLA and cause either enhanced or inhibited effects on FLA infectivity, along with microorganism community changes. Therefore, considering the co-existence of FLA and other microorganisms in the environment is of great importance for reducing environmental health risks.

The CO2 emissions of China power industry is the main source of CO2 emissions. The CO2 emissions of thermal power plants account for the largest proportion in the power industry. Under the goal of “double carbon”, CO2 accounting technology can realize the intuitive judgment of CO2 emissions in thermal power plants, provide important support for CO2 emission reduction in thermal power plants, promote thermal power plants to participate in carbon trading, and drive regional economic development. Combined with domestic and foreign policies, the implementation progress of the current general CO2 accounting methods was discussed. The problems existing in the CO2 accounting methods of thermal power plants based on carbon accounting and supplemented by carbon monitoring were summarized. The key and difficult points of the application of CO2 accounting technology in thermal power plants were analyzed. Finally, the development and application of CO2 accounting technology in thermal power plants were prospected.

BackgroundIonizing radiation can cause damage to animal's intestinal tissue. Citrulline is produced in the intestinal epithelial cell and has been proven to possess a protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of citrulline in the context of radiation-induced intestinal injuries.MethodsFirstly, a mouse model of an acute radiation-induced intestinal injury was established, incorporating a normal control, a simple irradiation, and an irradiation plus citrulline group. Then, these groups were employed to scrutinize the protective effects and mechanisms associated with citrulline. Subsequently, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to examine the morphology of the mice's intestinal tissue, and the Elisa kit was employed to quantify endotoxin levels in plasma, as well as nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the intestinal tissue. Finally, focal adhesion kinase and Occludin levels in the intestinal tissue were assessed using western blotting.ResultsThe experimental results demonstrate that intraperitoneal injection of 1 g∙kg-1∙d-1 citrulline for one week following irradiation significantly extend the median survival time of irradiated mice and increase their body weight. Moreover, it markedly reduces plasma endotoxin levels, elevate the expression levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and intestinal tight junction protein (Occludin), and decreases the expression levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the intestinal tissue.ConclusionsCitrulline enhances the integrity of the intestinal barrier in irradiated mice, improves barrier function, mitigates nitrosative stress, and demonstrates a protective impact on radiation-induced intestinal damage in mice.

The iron scraps from industrial production were used as zero valent iron（ZVI） source to activate peroxymonosulfate（PMS）. The performance of Cu-EDTA degradation by iron scraps activated PMS was studied. The effects of initial PMS concentration，iron scraps doses，pH and water matrices on the breakdown of Cu-EDTA were investigated. Then，the reactive species in iron scraps/PMS system were identified and the characterization of the iron sludge generated in the reaction process was conducted. The results showed that when the dosage of iron scraps was 10 g/L，the initial PMS concentration was 4.5 mmol/L，the removal rate of Cu was 99.64% at pH=3. The pH had no significant effect on reaction. However，the CO32- and Cl- had some inhibition effect on Cu removal，and the inhibition effect caused by former was more obvious than the latter. HA had no obvious influence on Cu removal. Scavenger experiments combined with EPR identification confirmed that SO4·- and ·OH both existed in the system and contributed to Cu-EDTA removal. The characterization of iron sludge showed that the surface of iron scraps was corroded to generate nano scale iron（hydro）oxides，which enhanced the removal of Cu.

Due to excellent comprehensive properties such as high strength, high hardness, and excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, the refractory high-entropy alloys have broad application prospects and research value in the fields of aerospace and nuclear energy. However, the refractory high-entropy alloys have very complex composition features, making it difficult to perform alloy design. It seriously restricts the development of high-performance refractory high-entropy alloys. In recent years, the machine learning technique has been gradually applied to various high-performance alloys with efficient and accurate modeling and prediction capability. In this review, there was a comprehensive summary of research achievements on machine learning-driven design of refractory high-entropy alloys. A detailed review on the applications and progress of machine learning technique in different aspects was given, including alloy phase structure design, mechanical property prediction, strengthening mechanism analysis and acceleration of atomic simulations. Finally, the currently existing problems in this direction were summarized. The prospect about promoting the design of high-performance refractory high-entropy alloys was presented, including development of high-quality database for refractory high-entropy alloys, establishment of quantitative relation of "composition-process-structure-property" and achievement of multi-objective optimization of high-performance refractory high-entropy alloys.

Abstract Background After myocardial infarction, the lost myocardium is replaced by fibrotic tissue, eventually progressively leading to myocardial dysfunction. Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes via the forced overexpression of cardiac transcription factors Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT) offers a promising strategy for cardiac repair. The limited reprogramming efficiency of this approach, however, remains a significant challenge. Methods We screened seven factors capable of improving direct cardiac reprogramming of both mice and human fibroblasts by evaluating small molecules known to be involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation or promoting human-induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. Results We found that vitamin C (VitC) significantly increased cardiac reprogramming efficiency when added to GMT-overexpressing fibroblasts from human and mice in 2D and 3D model. We observed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human and mice fibroblasts upon Doxy induction, and ROS generation was subsequently reduced upon VitC treatment, associated with increased reprogramming efficiency. However, upon treatment with dehydroascorbic acid, a structural analog of VitC but lacking antioxidant properties, no difference in reprogramming efficiency was observed, suggesting that the effect of VitC in enhancing cardiac reprogramming is partly dependent of its antioxidant properties. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that VitC supplementation significantly enhances the efficiency of cardiac reprogramming, partially by suppressing ROS production in the presence of GMT. Graphical abstract

BackgroundDue to the COVID-19 pandemic， both teenagers' studies and personal life are critically affected， which has resulted in a variety of mental health problems. In this regard， scholars at home and abroad have carried out a large number of research concerning adolescent mental health， of which there still exists a lack of systematic combing and review.ObjectiveTo understand the status and development trend of research on adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic at home and abroad， and to grasp the current research hotspots and trends in this field， so as to provide references for relevant research and practice in the post-epidemic era.MethodsOn October 30， 2022， we searched through China Knowledge Network Infrastructure （CNKI） and Web of Science database， and the publishing time of articles to be retrieved was limited between December 1， 2019 and October 30， 2022. Excel and CiteSpace were used to perform visual analysis on these articles in terms of number， author， institution， country and keywords of the articles.ResultsA total of 7 608 articles were included. At home and abroad， the number of papers related to adolescent mental health generally increased at first and then decreased under the pandemic situation. Compared with foreign countries， the connection and cooperation among domestic scholars and institutions was not close enough. The top three countries in the number of English literature published were the United States， Britain and China， and those in intermediary center were Tunis， Cameroon and Anguilla. The parent-child relationship and mental health of teenagers during were much concerned by scholars both at home and abroad. With the passage of time， researchers at home and abroad had shifted their focus from only negative factors to positive factors.ConclusionChinese scholars or institutions need to strengthen more domestic and international exchanges and cooperation. Scholars from different countries can carry out cross-cultural study on research topics of common concern， and continue to explore the positive psychological changes of teenagers in the post-epidemic era.［Funded by National Social Science Foundation 2020 Education Youth Project of 13th Five-Year Plan （number， CHA200259）］

Abstract The pervasive use of information and computer technology in second or foreign language learning has led researchers to explore the ideal tasks for technological environments to facilitate second language (L2) learning. This study intended to contribute new knowledge to this area by examining the effects of the task complexity manipulated along the variable +-few elements in Robinson’s Cognition Hypothesis on L2 production of 42 lower intermediate Chinese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners who completed two interactive tasks (simple versus complex) in dyads via audio chat of the video-conferencing platform WeMeet in a laboratory setting. Participants were also instructed to measure the difficulty of the tasks by responding to a self-rating questionnaire immediately after they completed each task. Their L2 output in the two tasks were recorded, transcribed and coded in three dimensions namely, syntactic complexity, lexical complexity and accuracy. SPSS 26 was used for statistical analyses. The results revealed that increasing task complexity induced significantly more lexically complex language. However, it did not result in significant changes in terms of syntactic complexity or accuracy of learners’ L2 output via audio chat. These results contradicted the predictions of the Cognition Hypothesis, suggesting the inapplicability of Cognition Hypothesis in audio chat.

In this paper, large-scale energy storage system(ESS) is taken as the research object to conduct study of business models on the participation of ESS in electricity spot market with liberalization. First, based on the typical market clearing mechanism at home and abroad, the clearing method, clearing calculation process and so on in day-ahead market and real-time balance market are analyzed, and a joint clearing mechanism suitable for large-scale ESS to participate in the spot market is proposed, including bidding method, billing method and clearing method, etc. Then, in order to fully explore the market value and other added value of large-scale ESS, to enhance cluster effect and to solve the problem of idle ESS capacity, business models suitable for large-scale ESS to participate in the spot market are proposed, including independent (single investment entity, single service model), alliance (diversified investment entities, single service model), and shared (diversified investment entities, diversified service models) models. The game relationship in the market transaction chain is analyzed, of which the electric energy value, the ancillary service value, and other added value are quantified. On this basis, a bilevel clearing model paradigm for ESS to participate in the spot joint market of different business models is constructed based on the master-slave game. In the upper-level model, large-scale ESS is the leader to participate in market competition with the goal of maximizing profits, while the dispatching and trading center in the lower-level model are followers to jointly clear the market with the goal of maximizing social welfare. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed business models are verified by taking typical transaction scenarios as examples based on the improved IEEE30 node system.

Abstract Background The association involving N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, molecular subtype and specific immune cell group in tumor microenvironment has been the focus of recent studies. The underlying function of m6A modification in thyroid cancer (TC) remains elusive. Methods The m6A modification regulations, molecular character and tumor immune profile of 461 TC patients were explored and then the correlation between them were comprehensively evaluated. The m6Ascore was established using principal component analysis (PCA) to quantify the m6A pattern of individual TC patients. The prognostic significance of the m6Ascore was evaluated by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results Four m6Aclusters (mc1, 2, 3, 4)—characterized by differences in extent of aneuploidy, expression of immunomodulatory genes, mRNA or lncRNA expression pattern and prognosis were identified. T Preliminary validation of m6Ascore was a potential independent prognostic factor of TC involving in mc3. Finally, the prognostic value of the m6Ascore and its association with copy number variation (CNV) and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of TC in mc3 were verified. Conclusions The correlation between m6A modification, the copy number burden and tumor immune landscape in TC was demonstrated. A m6Acluster-mc3 with low m6Ascore and high CNV molecular subtype was identified with poor clinical prognosis, low infiltrating immunocyte and weak effector T cell. A three-gene clinical prognosis model for TC based on 4 m6a cluster expression was established. Understanding of TIME is enhanced by comprehensive assessment of m6A patterns in individual TC patients and gives a new insight toward improved immunotherapy strategies for TC cancer patients.

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the risks of both developing a disease and receiving a poor prognosis increase with age. With increasing life expectancy, understanding the mechanisms underlying heart aging has become critical. Traditional techniques have supported research into finding the physiological changes and hallmarks of cardiovascular aging, including oxidative stress, disabled macroautophagy, loss of proteostasis, and epigenetic alterations, among others. The advent of high-throughput multi-omics techniques offers new perspectives on the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes in the heart, guiding the development of therapeutic targets. This review explores the contributions and characteristics of these high-throughput techniques to unraveling heart aging. We discuss how different high-throughput omics approaches, both alone and in combination, produce robust and exciting new findings and outline future directions and prospects in studying heart aging in this new era.

Heart disease continues to be one of the most fatal conditions worldwide. This is in part due to the maladaptive remodeling process by which ischemic cardiac tissue is replaced with a fibrotic scar. Direct cardiac reprogramming presents a unique solution for restoring injured cardiac tissue through the direct conversion of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes, bypassing the transition through a pluripotent state. Since its inception in 2010, direct cardiac reprogramming using the transcription factors Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 has revolutionized the field of cardiac regenerative medicine. Just over a decade later, the field has rapidly evolved through the expansion of identified molecular and genetic factors that can be used to optimize reprogramming efficiency. The integration of computational tools into the study of direct cardiac reprogramming has been critical to this progress. Advancements in transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics, genome editing, and machine learning have not only enhanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving this cell fate transition, but have also driven innovations that push direct cardiac reprogramming closer to clinical application. This review article explores how these computational advancements have impacted and continue to shape the field of direct cardiac reprogramming.

Bioengineering of a functional human heart continues to face many challenges, including the production of distinct cardiac cell types. Now, in Cell Stem Cell, Ye et al.1 develop AVC-like cardiomyocytes through timing- and concentration-specific activation of canonical Wnt signaling.

Summary: The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is essential to elicit type I interferon cascade response; thus, the activity of cGAS must be strictly regulated to boost the antiviral innate immunity. Here, we report that cGAS is responsible for the DNA-induced ISG15 conjugation system. The E3 HERC5 catalyzes the ISGylation of cytoplasmic cGAS at lysine 21, 187, 219, and 458, whereas Ubl carboxy-terminal hydrolase 18 removes the ISGylation of cGAS. The interaction of cGAS and HERC5 depends on the cGAS C-terminal domain and the RRC1-4 and RRC1-5 domains of HERC5. Mechanically, HERC5-catalyzed ISGylation promotes DNA-induced cGAS oligomerization and enhances cGAS enzymatic activity. Deficiency of ISGylation attenuates the downstream inflammatory gene expression induced by the cGAS-STING axis and the antiviral ability in mouse and human cells. Mice deficient in Isg15 or Herc6 are more vulnerable to herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Collectively, our study shows a positive feedback regulation of the cGAS-mediated innate immune pathway by ISGylation.

Background Long-acting antipsychotics are currently important therapeutic options for the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. Risperidone microspheres for injection (Ⅱ) has been modified in dosage form to ensure fast acting without oral antipsychotic supplementation during treatment, however, there is a lack of studies on the efficacy and safety of it. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of risperidone microspheres for injection (Ⅱ) in patients with acute schizophrenia. Methods This is a single-arm multicenter prospective study. The patients aged 18-55 years with acute schizophrenia from August 2021 to April 2022 at five study centers including Peking University Sixth Hospital, Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, the Fourth People's Hospital in Urumqi, Taiyuan Psychiatric Hospital and Tianjin Anding Hospital were included and given variable dose of risperidone microspheres for injection (Ⅱ) of 25.0 mg/2 weeks, 37.5 mg/2 weeks or 50.0 mg/2 weeks and followed up for 8 weeks. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S) and the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) Side Effects Rating Scale were used for evaluation at baseline and the end of week 2, 4, 6 and 8. In addition, Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Scale were evaluated and laboratory tests were collected at baseline and the end of week 8. Results A total of 58 patients were included in the study. PANSS total score, PANSS-positive score, PANSS-negative score, PANSS-general psychopathology score and CGI-S score were significantly reduced at the end of week 2, 4, 6 and 8 compared to baseline (P

Peanut is one of the "Big Eight" allergen foods. It has been noticed by public due to its serious clinical symptoms and high incidence rate. This review introduced structures and immune characteristics of peanut allergens (Ara h 1-18). The assessment methods (both in vitro and in vivo) was also introduced. Finally, the research progress of different food processing on the allergenicity of peanut were summarized. The future research direction of food processing on reducing the allergenicity of peanut were prospected.

With the wide application of fibre-reinforced composites in aerospace, the fatigue problem of composites is becoming more prominent. In order to achieve efficient and accurate fatigue damage analysis, a data-mechanism driven method for the progressive analysis of fatigue damage in composites is proposed, in which a single-hiddenlayer neural network as its fatigue constitutive law for simulations of fatigue delamination under cyclic loading. The Paris-law-informed regulation is used to achieve data-mechanism fusion for neural network model training. The ability to analyze fatigue delamination is validated in the full range of mode-Ⅰ and mode-Ⅱ as well as mixed modes of different mode ratios using double cantilever beam (DCB) and 4-point end flexure (4ENF). The applicability of the cohesive model in the case of complex fatigue delamination front is verified by using the reinforced double cantilever beam (R-DCB) model. The results show that the data-mechanism driven fatigue damage progressive analysis method for composites could rapidly and effectively simulate the composite delamination propagation with high fidelity, which can provide a new idea and method for composite structure design and safety assurance.

A two-dimensional continuous silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide composite material（2D SiCf/SiC composite material）was prepared by precursor impregnation cracking method（PIP method）using Al powder as the active filler. XRD, SEM and thermogravimetry were used to analyze the evolution behavior of the microstructure and composition of polycarbosilane pyrolysis products with various Al powder contents. The effects of various Al powder contents on the mechanical and electromagnetic shielding properties of the composites were studied by mechanical testing machine and vector network analyzer. The results show that as the mass fraction of Al filler increases from 0% to 40%, the bending strength of the composite material first increases and then decreases, and the maximum bending strength can reach 383 MPa. The introduction of aluminum filler leads to a gradual increase in the complex dielectric constant of the composite material, and the electromagnetic shielding efficiency gradually increases to 26 dB, which has been greatly improved. This is mainly due to the significant increase in the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant caused by the increase in the content of Al filler, resulting in a significant improvement in the absorption and shielding efficiency of the composite material.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rapidly progressing cardiopulmonary disease. It is characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure and vascular resistance. The most notable histopathological characteristic is vascular remodeling. The changes in the basement membrane (BM) are believed to be related to vascular remodeling. It is crucial to identify potential biomarkers associated with the BM in PAH, to guide its treatment. The microarray datasets GSE117261 and GSE113439 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Two data sets were examined to identify genes associated with the BM by analyzing gene expression changes. Next, we analyzed the relevant genes in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes using Gene Ontology and Disease Ontology annotationand conducted pathway enrichment analysis. We conducted a protein–protein interaction network analysis on the genes related to BMs and used the cell cytoHubba plug-in to identify the hub genes. Furthermore, we conducted an immune infiltration analysis and implemented a histogram model. Finally, we predicted and analyzed potential therapeutic drugs for PAH and set up a miRNA network of genetic markers. Six candidate genes related to BMs, namely Integrin Subunit Alpha V, Integrin Subunit Alpha 4, ITGA2, ITGA9, Thrombospondin 1, and Collagen Type IV Alpha 3 Chain, were identified as potential modulators of the immune process in PAH. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rh1 was found to significantly impact drug targeting based on its interactions with the six BM-related genes identified earlier. A novel biomarker related to the BM, which plays a crucial role in the development of PAH, has been identified.

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) closes all the security loopholes in the detection system and is a promising solution for secret key sharing. Polarization encoding is the most common QKD encoding scheme, as it is straightforward to prepare and measure. However, implementing polarization encoding in MDI QKD imposes extra challenges, as polarization alignment must be maintained over both mutually unbiased bases and be maintained for both paths (Alice-Charlie and Bob-Charlie). Polarization alignment is usually done by interrupting the QKD process (reducing overall key generation rates) or using additional classical laser sources multiplexed with quantum channels for polarization alignment. Since low key rates and cost are the two most pressing challenges preventing wide adoption of QKD systems, using additional resources or reducing key rates runs contrary to making QKD commercially viable. Therefore, we propose and implement a novel polarization compensation scheme in the MDI-QKD system that avoids the aforementioned drawbacks by recycling part of discarded detection events. Our scheme evaluates the polarization drift in real-time based on single measurements corresponding to decoy intensities. Our fully automated experimental demonstration maintains the average polarization drift below 0.13 rad over 40 km of spooled fibre (without an insulating jacket) for at least four hours. The average quantum bit error rate is 3.8$\%$, and we achieved an average key rate of $7.45\times 10^{-6}$ bits per pulse.

Complex traits are widely considered to be the result of a compound regulation of genes, environmental factors, and genotype-by-environment interaction (G × E). The inclusion of G × E in genome-wide association analyses is essential to understand animal environmental adaptations and improve the efficiency of breeding decisions. Here, we systematically investigated the G × E of growth traits (including weaning weight, yearling weight, 18-month body weight, and 24-month body weight) with environmental factors (farm and temperature) using genome-wide genotype-by-environment interaction association studies (GWEIS) with a dataset of 1350 cattle. We validated the robust estimator’s effectiveness in GWEIS and detected 29 independent interacting SNPs with a significance threshold of 1.67 × 10−6, indicating that these SNPs, which do not show main effects in traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS), may have non-additive effects across genotypes but are obliterated by environmental means. The gene-based analysis using MAGMA identified three genes that overlapped with the GEWIS results exhibiting G × E, namely SMAD2, PALMD, and MECOM. Further, the results of functional exploration in gene-set analysis revealed the bio-mechanisms of how cattle growth responds to environmental changes, such as mitotic or cytokinesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, neurotransmitter activity, gap junction, and keratan sulfate degradation. This study not only reveals novel genetic loci and underlying mechanisms influencing growth traits but also transforms our understanding of environmental adaptation in beef cattle, thereby paving the way for more targeted and efficient breeding strategies.

Objective·To investigate the role of RBX1 (ring-box protein 1) in the regulation of immune-related genes in uveal melanoma (UVM) tumor cells.Methods·The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was searched to analyze the expression levels of RBX1 in tumors and the correlation with clinical stages and survival prognosis. RBX1 was transiently knocked down in the UVM cell lines, i.e., 92.1, OMM2.3 and MEL290 by using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting RBX1. RNA sequencing was performed on the 92.1 cells with transient knockdown of RBX1, and the differentially expressed genes between the siRBX1-transfected cells and control cells were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to investigate the relationship between RBX1 and tumor immune-related genes. Based on the results of the analysis, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and its downstream CXC chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) and CXCL10 mRNA expression levels were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 92.1, OMM2.3 and MEL290 cells with transient knockdown of RBX1, respectively. The protein expression levels of STAT1 and p-STAT1 in 92.1 cells were detected by Western blotting. The cell lines OMM2.3 and MEL290, in which RBX1 was transiently knocked down, were treated with 5 nmol/L or 10 nmol/L STAT1 inhibitor fludarabine for 48 h, and the mRNA expression levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were detected by qPCR.Results·TCGA database analysis showed that RBX1 was highly expressed in a variety of tumors compared to the normal tissues, particularly in adrenocortical carcinoma and UVM. In addition, the patients with late stage of these two kinds of tumors had higher expression level of RBX1, and the patients with higher expression level of RBX1 had shorter overall survival time (P

Objective Based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectormetry (LC-MS/MS), to study the effects of Pogostemon cablin on serum metabolism of Guizhou miniature pigs， and to explore its pharmacological mechanism. Methods Nine healthy Guizhou miniature pigs were divided into two groups, namely Pogostemon cablin drug group (n=5) and control group (n=4). The pigs in Pogostemon cablin drug group were orally fed with traditional Chinese medicine formula granules, each 0.5 g per day, for consecutive 8 days, while those in control group were given normal feeding without additional treatment. After the feeding experiment, serum samples were collected and analyzed using the LC-MS/MS technology. The metabolomics data was annotated and compared with KEGG, HMDB and Lipidmaps databases. Bioinformatics analysis methods including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), intergroup clustering, differential metabolite analysis and functional enrichment were used to screen differential metabolic biomarkers and their possible metabolic pathways. Results Forty-four differential metabolites (P

Lignocellulosic biomass is still considered a feasible source of bioethanol production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can adapt to detoxify lignocellulose-derived inhibitors, including furfural. Tolerance of strain performance has been measured by the extent of the lag phase for cell proliferation following the furfural inhibitor challenge. The purpose of this work was to obtain a tolerant yeast strain against furfural through overexpression of YPR015C using the in vivo homologous recombination method. The physiological observation of the overexpressing yeast strain showed that it was more resistant to furfural than its parental strain. Fluorescence microscopy revealed improved enzyme reductase activity and accumulation of oxygen reactive species due to the harmful effects of furfural inhibitor in contrast to its parental strain. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed 79 genes potentially involved in amino acid biosynthesis, oxidative stress, cell wall response, heat shock protein, and mitochondrial-associated protein for the YPR015C overexpressing strain associated with stress responses to furfural at the late stage of lag phase growth. Both up- and down-regulated genes involved in diversified functional categories were accountable for tolerance in yeast to survive and adapt to the furfural stress in a time course study during the lag phase growth. This study enlarges our perceptions comprehensively about the physiological and molecular mechanisms implicated in the YPR015C overexpressing strain’s tolerance under furfural stress.

Abstract Background The association involving mismatch repair (MMR) genes, molecular subtype and specific immune cell group in tumor microenvironment has been focused by more recent studies. Its prognosis value in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains elusive. Methods The correlation between the MMR gene patterns and the immune landscape were comprehensively evaluated. The MMRScore was calculated using principal component analysis (PCA) after grouping using R/mclust package. The prognostic significance of the MMRScore was evaluated by Kaplan-merrier analysis. Then a cohort of 103 Chinese LUAD patients was collected for neoadjuvant chemotherapy prognosis evaluation and validation using MMRScore. Results Four MMRclusters (mc1, 2, 3, 4)-characterized by differences in extent of aneuploidy, expression of immunomodulatory (IM) genes, mRNA expression, lncRNA expression and prognosis were identified. We established MMRscore to quantify the MMR pattern of individual LUAD patients. As is shown in further analyses, the MMRscore was a potential independent prognostic factor of LUAD. Finally, the prognostic value of the MMRscore and its association with tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of LUAD were verified in Chinese LUAD cohort. Conclusions We demonstrated the correlation between MMR gene pattern, the CNV and tumor immune landscape in LUAD. A MMRcluster mc2 with high MMRscore, high TMB and high CNV subtype was identified with poor prognosis and infiltrating immunocyte. The comprehensive evaluation of MMR patterns in individual LUAD patients enhances the understanding of TIME and gives a new insight toward improved immune treatment strategies for LUAD patients compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

In this paper, according to the definition of power cable channel damage and the actual situation, the vibration signals of mechanical excavation, crushing hammer construction, manual excavation and heavy vehicles passing by are selected as the initial data for the prediction of preventive damage of power cable channels. After completing the data collection, Variable Difference Modal Decomposition (VMD) is applied to reduce noise and obtain the IMF components. The eigenvalues such as energy entropy, cliff factor, waveform factor, center of gravity frequency and frequency standard deviation of each IMF component are extracted to form an eigenvector set, thus forming the data set for the study and analysis. The data set is divided into a training set and a test set according to the ratio of 8:2, and the long and short-term memory neural network is used to study the power cable channel damage prediction and diagnosis. The MAE in the single-step prediction of LSTM is 1.08, the MRE is 2.69%, and the RMSE is 1.39, and the prediction model in this paper is much better than the control prediction model, which indicates that the LSTM network can well predict the vibration of the damage of the power cable channel. It shows that the LSTM network can accurately predict and diagnose the signal trends and fluctuations caused by damaged power cable channel vibration.

As the key carrier of power distribution line power transmission and the supporting artery of urban functioning, power cables are widely used in electric power engineering construction. The number of users is increasing, and the distribution of locations is becoming more complex. However, if a power cable failure occurs, if not eliminated in time, it will threaten the safety of the power grid, seriously affecting the production of enterprises and the lives of residents. The article first on the power cable vibration signal recognition algorithm design, extraction of power cable external damage fault signal characteristics, proposed based on PSO-SVM power cable external damage fault waveform recognition algorithm, and the design of power cable anti-external damage intelligent early warning system, to achieve a certain period according to the trend of signal changes in the vibration event to discriminate. Research results show that under the same computer operating conditions, the average running time of the algorithm proposed in this paper is only 3.43. Compared to the other two algorithms, the algorithm has the highest recognition accuracy, the fastest convergence speed, and the optimal comprehensive performance. In the external damage signal recognition and warning test, the recognition rate of the excavator passing through defense zone one and two at a distance of 3 meters is 100%, which is greater than 80%, in line with the expected effect.

Today, when quality education is increasingly emphasized, it is necessary to strengthen the strength of dance aesthetics education for students in colleges and universities. This paper establishes a PBL teaching mode for dance aesthetic education based on the PBL teaching method and designs a teaching experiment for this teaching mode. In the PBL teaching process, the optical motion capture system is used to obtain the three-dimensional data of dance movements. After processing the three-dimensional data through data conversion and normalization, the time and channel refinement fusion hypergraph convolutional network is introduced to identify the dance movements, which helps teachers to carry out the teaching of dance movements. The data were quantitatively analyzed for the effects of dance movement recognition, students’ dance skill level, state of mind, and aesthetic awareness on the effectiveness of dance movement recognition and dance aesthetic PBL teaching model. The results showed that the accuracy of the dance movement recognition model in ballet movement recognition reached 89.63%, the dance skill level of students in the experimental class increased by 7.51±0.05 points compared with that of the control class, and their aesthetic sense, aesthetic appreciation, and aesthetic creativity all showed very significant differences at the 1% level. Applying the PBL teaching method to dance teaching and aesthetic education can fully cultivate students’ aesthetic sense and promote the innovative integration of dance aesthetic education in colleges and universities.

Abstract Background To determine whether transrectal ultrasound and urologist_dually guided pelvic floor muscle exercise is associated with immediate, early and long-term urinary continence after radical prostatectomy. Materials and methods Data from 114 patients with localized prostate cancer (PC) who underwent RP at Henan Cancer Hospital from November 2018 to April 2021 were included in the retrospective study. Of the 114 patients, 50 patients in the observation group underwent transrectal ultrasound and urologist_dually guided PFME, and 64 patients in the control group underwent verbally_guided PFME. Contractile function of the external urinary sphincter was in the observation group was evaluated. The immediate, early and long-term urinary continence rates were assessed in both groups, and the factors affecting urinary continence were analyzed. Results The urinary continence rate at 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months in the observation group after RP was significantly higher than that in the control group (52.0% vs. 29.7%, 70.0% vs. 39.1%, 82% vs. 57.8, 88% vs. 70.3%, 98.0 vs. 84.4%, p

The innovative development of green technology is the permanent scientific research topic in the field of grain storage, and the controlled atmosphere is one of the green grain storage technologies. This paper carried out the research on the storage technology of high-quality indica rice in the fifth ecological area of grain storage (medium temperature and high humidity) by air-regulating agent. The concentration of oxygen, temperature and relative humidity of the storage environment were monitored, and the quality of high-quality indica rice was also evaluated. The results showed that the technology of air-regulating could effectively delay the quality deterioration of rice. Compared with the controlled group, the experiment group can maintain the concentration of oxygen in the confined space below 0.1% and the relative humidity at 70% during the 5-month storage period. The moisture content of the controlled atmosphere group was 0.98% higher than that of the controlled group. The fatty acid value was 1.34 mg (KOH)/100 g lower than that of the controlled group, while the freshness was 7 points higher than that of the controlled group. The above results showed that the air-regulating agent can adjust and control the oxygen concentration and relative humidity in the confined space according to the demand, which could achieve the purpose of preserving the quality and freshness of grain. It is a green, low-carbon and fresh-reserving new grain storage technology.

Transdifferentiation has been proposed as an approach for regenerative medicine, but the mechanisms that safeguard cell identity are not well established. Here they identify transcription factors that oppose transdifferentiation and show that knockdown of these genes improves recovery after myocardial infarction.

C48H39Fe2NO4P2S2, orthorhombic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.4073(11) Å, b = 16.9013(14) Å, c = 11.8261(12) Å, α = 90°, β = 108.297(4)°, γ = 90°, V = 2164.8(4) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0355, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0740, T = 298(2) K.

C47H37Fe2NO4P2Se2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.8144(11) Å, b = 17.9714(15) Å, c = 19.1077(17) Å, β = 104.329(4)°, V = 4263.5(6) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0420, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0968, T = 298(2) K.

Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), located at the land-sea interface, provide critical ecological services including the buffering of anthropogenic pollutants. Understanding the interactions between trace element (TE) loads in BCEs and socioeconomic development is imperative to informing management plans to address pollution issues. However, the identification of anthropogenic TE pollution in BCEs remains uncertain due to the complex geochemical and depositional processes and asynchronous socioeconomic development along continental coastlines. Here, priority-controlled TE (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in the mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass soils and plant tissues along the coastline of China were investigated while taking bare flat and upland soils as corresponding references. We demonstrate that blue carbon (BC) soils accumulated markedly higher concentrations of anthropogenic TEs than the reference soils, mainly due to the effective trapping of fine-grained particles and higher binding capacities. We identify the time course of TE changes over the last 100 years which shows increasing anthropogenic TE accumulation resulting from military activities (1930–1950) and the growth of industrial and agricultural activities (1950–1980), then reaching a maximum after national economic reform (1980–2000). Since the 2000s, decreases in TE discharges driven by socioeconomic reform and strengthened environmental regulations have led to a widespread reversal of anthropogenic TE concentrations in BC soils. Based on the current TE flux we estimate that BCEs can filter over 27.3–100 % of the TEs emitted in industrial wastewaters from Chinese coastal provinces annually. However, the uptake of these TEs by plants can be substantially reduced through various mechanisms offered by edaphic properties such as organic carbon, clay, and sulfur contents. Therefore, enhancing TE filtering while preventing TEs from entering food webs through the conservation and restoration of BCEs will greatly aid in achieving the sustainable development goal of the coastal zone under intensified anthropogenic activities.

【Background and objective】 Drought and soil salinization are two common abiotic stresses facing agricultural production worldwide. Plants develop various strategies to grow under these stresses, and the purpose of this paper is to investigate how winter wheat at seedling stage adjusts the hydraulic conductance of its roots as a response to change in water and salt stresses. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in hydroponic culture, using the ultra-high variety Yannong 1212 as the model plant. Water stress was created by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and NaCL was used as a proxy for soil salinization. There were three treatments: 2% of PEG6000, 0.1% of NaCl, and 2% of PEG6000+0.1% NaCl. Wheat grown in Hoagland nutrient solution without abiotic stresses was taken as the control. For each treatment, we measured the root hydraulic conductivity and analyzed its relationship with environmental factors using stepwise regression method. 【Result】 ① Water stress and salt stress, working alone or in combination, reduced plant height and leaf area significantly, though the level of the significance varied with treatment. ② Compared with the control, water stress and salt stress working alone increased root-shoot ratio by 12% and 14% respectively, while their combination reduced this ratio by 6%; ③ Salt stress and water stress, working separately or in combination, increased Na+/K+ ratio in both leaves and roots, despite that the effect of water stress was not significant. ④ Water stress and salt stress and their combination significantly reduced total nitrogen content in the leaves, and reduced the root hydraulic conductivity by 58%, 51% and 93%, respectively, compared with the control. 【Conclusion】 Water and salt stresses reduced root hydraulic conductivity of the wheat at seedling stage, and the leaf area was positively correlated with the root hydraulic conductivity.