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This paper presents an efficient screening tool, based on the 2D strip method and the CFD-based approach. The proposed method allows the study of the dynamics of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) phenomenon with almost the same accuracy as a fully 3D Fluid-Structure interaction (FSI) model, but with a reduction in computational times by a factor of nearly 20 compared to the 3D approach. Such a large reduction makes the use of CFD-based analysis feasible on a workstation within a reasonable time frame and opens the possibility of CFD approaches in a subsea pipeline design process.

One main concern in climate science is to reduce uncertainties on sea level predictions. In particular,these uncertainties depend on the quantification of the mass losses of polar ice caps including Greenlandice sheet. Iceberg calving at Greenland glaciers accounts for up to half of ice losses at glacier termini.Some icebergs detaching from Greenland glaciers have the height of the glacier and are thin so unstableand capsize exerting a force on the glacier front which generates a seismic wave recorded at stationsin Greenland and further away. These seismic signals have been recorded for the last twenty-five yearsby the permanent stations. The number of such events has increased and the spatial distribution hasevolved. What is the evolution of the volume of capsizing icebergs ?Field data on capsizing icebergs are lacking, except for seismic data. Indeed, the database of seismicsignals gives continuous information about iceberg capsize events: we aim to extract information fromthese data. The characteristics of seismic signals depend on the iceberg volume and the whole dynamicof the capsizing iceberg [2]. The global aim of this work is to calculate the volum of capsizing icebergs.To do this, we compare recorded seismic signals to synthetic seismic signals calculated using a modelof iceberg capsize. Therefore, we solve an inverse problem to obtain information on the dynamic of thecapsize and in particular an estimation of the volume of the iceberg.Iceberg capsize dynamics depends on complex phenomena: iceberg-water interactions, iceberg-glacierfriction, glacier-sea floor friction, elasto-viscoplastic deformation of ice. Solving directly fluid flow, solidmotion, and contact equations even in two dimensions is very costly and can hardly be used to generatecatalogs and to solve inverse problem. Therefore, a simplified mechanical model of a capsizing icebergin water has been developed based on few assumptions. The proposed model, named SAFIM (semi-analytical floating iceberg model) accounts for sea hydrodynamics only through hydrostatic pressure,pressure drag, and added mass, and it has been validated based on a separate state-of-the-art Compu-tational Fluid Dynamics code which can handle free surface and arbitrary iceberg configurations. Theerror on the horizontal force exerted by the fluid on the iceberg capsizing in open ocean (with no contactwith the glacier) calculated with SAFIM goes from 4% to 20%, and the drag coefficient that minimizesthis error goes from 1 to 3, depending on the aspect ratio of the iceberg., Une des questions principales en sciences du climat est l'amélioration de la précision des prédictions du niveau des océans. En particulier, les incertitudes dépendent de la quantification de la perte de masse des calottes polaires comme celle du Groenland. Le détachement d'icebergs au front des glaciers du Groenland représente jusqu'à la moitié des pertes de masses aux terminus de ces glaciers. Certains icebergs qui se détachent des glaciers du Groenland ont la même hauteur que le terminus du glacier, sont fins donc instables et se retournent proche du glacier. Ils exercent ainsi une force sur le glacier qui crée un signal sismique enregistré sur des stations situées au Groenland ou plus loin. Le nombre d'évènements de ce type a augmenté et la distribution spatiale de ces évènements a évoluée [1]. Qu'en est-il de l'évolution du volume de ces icebergs qui se retournent ? Les données de terrain sur ces évènements sont rares, à l'exception des données sismiques qui donnent des informations continues sur les évènements de retournement d'icebergs. Les caractéristiques du signal sismique dépendent du volume de l'iceberg et de toute la dynamique du retournement [2]. Le but ultime de ce travail est de calculer les volumes des icebergs qui se retournent. Pour ce faire, nous comparons des signaux sismiques enregistrés à des signaux sismiques synthétiques obtenus à l'aide d'un modèle mécanique de retournement d'iceberg [3]. Ainsi, nous résolvons un problème inverse pour obtenir des informations sur la dynamique du retournement et une estimation du volume des icebergs [4]. Nous nous intéressons, dans cet article, à la modélisation mécanique du retournement d'un iceberg. La dynamique du retournement d’un iceberg dépend de phénomènes complexes : les interactions entre l’iceberg, l’eau et le glacier, le frottement entre le glacier et le lit rocheux, la déformation élasto-viscoplastique de la glace. Résoudre les équations de la mécanique des fluides, du mouvement solide et les équations de contacts solides est très coûteux, même en deux dimensions, et peu adapté à la génération d’un catalogue pour résoudre un problème inverse. Ainsi, un modèle mécanique simplifié de retournement d’iceberg dans l’eau a été développé sous quelques hypothèses. Le modèle proposé, nommé SAFIM (modèle semi-analytique d’un iceberg flottant) tient compte de la dynamique des fluides via la pressionhydrostatique, une pression de traînée et des masses ajoutées. Ce modèle SAFIM a été validé à partird’un modèle de mécanique des fluides numérique ISIS-CFD qui résoud la dynamique d’un fluide à surface libre en interaction avec un solide. L’erreur sur la force horizontale du fluide sur l’iceberg qui se retourne dans un océan infini (sans contact avec le glacier) calculée avec SAFIM est de l’ordre de 4% à 20%, et le coefficient de traînée qui minimise cette erreur varie entre 1 et 3, en fonction du rapport d’aspect de l’iceberg.

When cavitation occurs around hydrofoils it is the cause of noise radiation, vibration and erosion. Consequently numerical cavitation models have been developped and tested over the last decades (Schnerr and Sauer [1]). However, recent works show that numerical predictions for cavitating flow might be very sensitive to the spatial resolution of the mesh and require dicretization errors estimations (Negrato et al. [2], Asnaghi et al. [3]). The experimental and numerical approches joined in this work are the first step of the validation of the ISIS-CFD code for cavitating flows with fluid-structure interaction. Although, only results for a rigid profile in cavitating conditions are presented in this work. The test case is a NACA0015 profile in the cavitation tunnel located at the french Naval Academy Research Institute. On the numerical side, the ISIS-CFD code is used to solve the unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations (uRANSE). The two phases mixture dynamics are solved thanks to an interface capturing method and the Sauer cavitation model. The test case is first adressed using a two-dimensional computational domain. A set of unstructured grids is generated using Hexpress to perform a grids and time steps convergence study and obtain uncertainty estimations for both wetted and cavitating flow conditions. Then, the same study is done for an extended three-dimensional geometry taking into account the lateral walls of the tunnel and the convergent section located upstream of the test section. Influences of the turbulence quantities at the inflow and the cavitation model parameters are also assessed. The numerical results are compared with experimental effort measurements, high-speed camera signals and PIV acquisitions provided by Lelong [4]. From the verification and validation analysis a three dimensional grid and a set of computational parameters are chosen for future calculations with fluid-structure interaction and cavitation.

One of the trends in computational fluid dynamics today is the use of the ever-increasing computational resources for the high-fidelity simulation of more and more complex flows. For example, simulations are performed for realistic geometries such as ships with their propellers and appendices. Flow separation, vortex shedding and breakup are simulated in detail. Finally, multiphysics computations such as fluid-structure interaction or the modelling of cavitation become more and more common.The results of such simulations depend heavily on the physical models being used, such as the turbulence model in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. In many cases, such models are being applied in situations which are far more complex than the ones for which they were developed and which may be outside their range of validity. Research of physical modelling for today's realistic simulations is therefore of prime importance.A complication for this study is the inevitable appearance of numerical errors. To accurately assess the precision of a physical model, we need to know a numerical solution in which the numerical errors are small with respect to the physical ones: a solution that is close to grid convergence. In simple cases, it may be possible for an experienced user to generate reasonable meshes by hand which provide sufficiently small numerical errors. However, for complex flows it is impossible to know beforehand what mesh size is needed where, in order to obtain grid convergence. Adaptive grid refinement is therefore the ideal technique to master the numerical error.In this paper, we pose the question whether grid refinement can be used in such a way as to guarantee that the solution of a complex flow problem is grid-independent. The work is based on the ISIS-CFD unstructured finite-volume incompressible RANS solver developed by ECN-CNRS [1], which contains an integrated anisotropic grid refinement technique [2]. As a reference, a two-dimensional airfoil flow is simulated on a series of ever finer adapted meshes; these results are compared with simulations on different fine meshes in order to understand if a converging series of adapted meshes truely leads to mesh-independence. The findings of this initial case will then be applied to the simulation of the three-dimensional vortical wakes behind ships in sideslip condition.

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In this paper, a dynamic computation of the Groupama 3 foil is performed. Foils are thin profiles, placed under the hull of a ship, allowing it to provide a lifting force. This study is placed in the context of the 2013 America’s Cup, which will see the appearance of a new kind of high performance multihull. At high speeds, the foils are subject to intense hydrodynamic forces and to movement due to the sea. The deformations are then sizable and there is a risk of ventilation, cavitation or vibration that could lead to important modification of the hydrodynamic forces or to the destruction of the foil. It is therefore necessary to quantify correctly its deformation and its response to dynamical efforts. The foil/water interaction is a strongly coupled problem, due to the thickness of the object. In this paper, the problem is solved using a segregated approach. The main problems resulting of such a method are the numerical stability and remeshing. These problems are detailed and some results presented. As a first test case, the simulation of a vortex excited elastic plate proposed by Hüb- ner is presented. This case is very demanding in terms of coupling stability and mesh deformation. Then, the foil of Groupama 3 is modelled in a simplified form without hull and free surface, and then in a more realistic conditions with free surface and waves.

International audience

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale.; International audience; Cet article présente le couplage du solveur fluide ISIS-CFD du LMF et d’un solveur structure de type poutre appliqué à des problèmes 3D complexes d’interaction fluide-structure des corps élancés en grand déplacement, comme les risers. Le couplage temporel s’appuie sur un algorithme itératif. Un soin tout particulier a été porté au couplage spatial, en particulier au processus de déformation de maillage. Afin de valider le code IFS, le cas-test 2D d’Hübner a été traité.

International audience; This article proposes a dynamic model of the swim of elongated ﰣshes suited to the on-line control of bio-mimetic eel-like robots. The approach is analytic and can be considered as an extension of the original reactive "Large-Elongated-Body-Theory" of Lighthill to the three dimensional self propulsion augmented of a resistive empirical model. While all the mathematical fundamentals are detailed in [1], this article essentially focuses on the numerical validation and calibration of the model and the study of swimming gaits. The proposed model is coupled to an algorithm allowing us to compute the motion of the ﰣsh head and the ﰣeld of internal control torque from the knowledge of the imposed internal strain ﰣelds. Based on the Newton-Euler formalism of robots dynamics, this algorithm works faster than real time. As far as precision is concerned, many tests obtained with several planar and three dimensional gaits are reported and compared (in the planar case) with a Navier-Stokes solver, devoted until today to the planar swim. The comparisons obtained are very encouraging since in all the cases we tested, the diﰢerences between our simpliﰣed and reference simulations do not exceed ten per cent.

International audience; This paper studies if adaptive grid refinement combined with finite-volume simulation of the incompressible RANS equations can be used to obtain grid-independent solutions of realistic flow problems. It is shown that grid adaptation based on metric tensors can generate series of meshes for grid convergence studies in a straightforward way. For a two-dimensional airfoil and the flow around a tanker ship, the grid convergence of the observed forces is sufficiently smooth for numerical uncertainty estimation. Grid refinement captures the details of the local flow in the wake, which is shown to be grid converged on reasonably-sized meshes. Thus, grid convergence studies using automatic refinement are suitable for high-Reynolds incompressible flows.