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DM with ulcer can result in a decrease in the quality of life of patients and need to reduce the intensity of pain and odor on the ulcer, preventing amputation and Hyperbaric Oxygen as an adjuvant therapy in accelerating wound healing. This study aims to explain the effect of HBO on the quality of life of patients with diabetic foot ulcers at RSAL Dr. Ramelan Surabaya. Methods: The research used quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design approach. The samples were 70 patients from population of all diabetes patients who suffered from diabetic foot ulcers at RSAL Dr. Ramelan. Data were collected by WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Analyzed byWilcoxon signed rank test and Mann Whitney U test. Result: Mann Whitney in the post test, the physical p-value domain (0.000), psychological domain (0.012), social domain (0.003), and environmental domain (0,001), where the intervention group has a better value than the control group. Wilcoxon signed rank test results on the physical domain (0,000), psychological (0,012), social (0,003), and environmental (0,001), meaning there were significant differences between pre post test in intervention group. Discussion: Diabetes mellitus patients with foot ulcers given hyperbaric oxygen showed improvement on wound condition, thus reducing pain and medical needs. This makes patients motivated, reduce anxiety, and improve interpersonal support and confidence. Therefore, it is necessary to socialize the effect of HBO on DM patients with foot ulcer, as a treatment option in improving the quality of life of DM patients with foot ulcers.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that is a global public health problem that has a social impact, economic impact, and quality of life for patients, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels and long-term DM, affecting the pathophysiology of disorders including diabetic retinopathy, heart disease, kidney failure, hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are needed interventions that can help regulate glycemic (blood sugar levels and HbA1c) (Sami & Ansari, 2015). Objective: This study aimed to identify efficacy mobile smartphone application for managing glycaemia control in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Design: This study design is a systematic review to search and review article from database and the theory underlying this study or guidance in this systematic literature review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Data Sources: Database search for article are from Scopus, Proquest, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Springer Link is limited to the publication of the last five years from 2015 to 2020 and full text article in English. Review Methods: This review methods in a systematic review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Results: In this review literature, thirteen articles were found that fit the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of this review literature found that mobile smartphone impelmentation led to a decrease in HbA1c and fasting blood glucose in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The findings from this study help validate the efficacy of the mobile diabetes intervention for managing glycaemia control in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Glycaemia Control, Health Education, M-Health.

Pranayama Yoga can help improve breathing, and improve calm and also relieve stress. Endurance training can increase lung capacity, improve fitness, and relax the body. However, the combination of pranayama yoga and endurance exercises has never been done in asthma patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the combination of pranayama yoga exercises and endurance exercises for Increased Peak Forced Expiration Flow. The design of this study was Quasy Experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design, the location of the study was in the pulmonary clinic of Universitas Airlangga Hospital and Haji General Hospital in Surabaya, East java. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling techniques in accordance with inclusion criteria with a total of 72 respondents. Peak Expiration Flow is measured from forced vital capacity or The peak expiratory flow (PEF) is the maximum flow obtained within the first 200 milliseconds of a forced expiratory maneuver after inhalation to total lung capacity (TLC). The intervention group was given a combination exercise by doing pranayama yoga and endurance exercise for 6 weeks, 2x per week, 51 minutes for each training session. Pranayama yoga combination exercises and endurance exercise using trainer instructors and modules. FPEF and asthma control were measured every week for 6 weeks. The results showed a significant difference in the level of FPEF and asthma control before and after 6 weeks of interventions combination of pranayama yoga and endurance exercise in the intervention group obtained significance values (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: Many patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) experience psychological issues affecting their ability to cope and manage their disease. Unfortunately, healthcare providers, including nurses, often report a lack of resources to provide sufficient support. During short and busy consultations, nurses and physicians often focus on etiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of the disease, while patients are more concerned with the consequences and impact on their daily life and family relations. The study aimed to find out forms of family support to improve the quality of live T2DM. Methods: Articles were framework using POCOT searching Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar databases, limited to the last 5 years and framework using POCOT. The articles were from 2015 to 2020 and the language used was English. The study focused on family support and Diabetic Mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Results: From 359 articles, 15 articles were included, most of the findings of the studies showed that family plays an important role in increasing self-efficacy so it contributes to blood sugar control which supports T2DM patients’ quality of life. The support that has been carried out by the family includes communication in the patient's treatment program, diet and blood sugar check, motivation in physical activity, support for medical expenses, accompanying them for controls. Patients with higher perceived diabetes-specific family and friend support had healthier behaviors. Conclusion: Family support helps improve the quality of life and reduce physical and psychological complications in people with T2DM.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires lifelong care. The treatment of diabetes mellitus patients at home requires a family role so then the patients can optimize their care. The diabetes complications can be reduced as a result. The aim of this study was to explore the family experience of treating diabetes mellitus patients at home. Methods: A semi-structured phenomenological approach including inductive thematic analysis was used in this research. Thirteen family members of diabetes patients participated in the discussion. Participant recruitment was focused on families that have treated diabetes patients for more than 1 year with no complications. Data saturation occurred after 2-3 meetings per participant. Results: The experiences of the family members while caring for diabetes mellitus patient can be used to determine the presence of 5 themes: family feelings that appear when caring for diabetes mellitus patients, patient adherence to taking medication, patient’s disobedience of their diet, patient’s disobedience of activity and the family expectations of the future Conclusion: In every theme, family experience obstacles arise between the families’ wants and the patients’ needs. Diet and activity became a major obstacle to diabetic care at home. Some topics needed more attention, such as the information and support provided for the family.

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers can have an impact on the individual responses related to the disease process and healing. The response depends on the perception of the disease, its severity, the environmental factors and the level of family support. The response that often occurs is the existence of fear and anxiety which is due to the stress experienced by the individual. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: This study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. The methods used to arrange this systematic review included (1) the identification of the variables in the literature, (2) the identification of the relevant literature based on the topic and title, (3) obtaining the literature in full-text form and (4) conducting an analysis of the results from the literature. The databases used to identify suitable articles were Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ProQuest and Ebscohost. Results: Based on the 15 articles reviewed, the results explains that the majority of patients who experience DM with the complication of diabetic ulcers experience stress, depression and anxiety. They also have a financial burden, feel helplessness, blame themselves and feel that there is uncertainty their life. They need support from their family and wider social support. Conclusion: However, from the experience of the patients with diabetic foot ulcers, they must be able to adapt to a limited life. They must also have a good coping style and an adaptive response in order to survive and heal their diabetic ulcers.

Psychological problems commonly experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cause diabetes fatigue conditions that can further worsen the treatment prognosis. We conducted this investigation to determine the effectiveness of a resilience-based Islamic program on diabetes fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by measuring the biochemical indicators of T2DM. This was a quasi-experimental study performed from May to August 2021, in which 80 respondents aged 18-64 years diagnosed with T2DM were included through purposive sampling at a male:female sex ratio of 1:1 in the control group and 17:23 in the treatment group. A resilience-based Islamic program (a combination of stress management, mindfulness, prayer, and dhikr (the ritual formula of Sufi brotherhood recited devotionally in praise of Allah and as a means of attaining ecstatic experience)) was implemented in the treatment group for six sessions by blended online and offline interventions. Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 and World Health Organization Quality of Life, Brief Form were used to evaluate diabetes fatigue and HRQoL. Blood tests were performed to measure HbA1c, total antioxidant serum, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels from baseline to 3 months. Statistical analyses were conducted using paired t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, independent t test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The resilience-based Islamic program had a beneficial impact on the levels of HbA1c (p < 0.001), lipid profile (triglyceride) (p = 0.011), HDL-c (p = 0.01), LDL-c (p < 0.001), total antioxidant serum (p = 0.001), insulin (p < 0.001), diabetes fatigue (p < 0.05), and HRQoL (p < 0.05) in patients of the treatment group. The results of biochemical tests related to T2DM also indicated a reduction in diabetes fatigue and an increase in HRQoL due to the resilience-based Islamic program. Considering that a patient's resilience to diabetes is an important factor in the management of diabetes fatigue, the resilience-based Islamic program can be applied at public health centers and community levels to increase T2DM resilience.

Introduction : A large number of patients with chronic kidney disease suffer from uremic pruritus, which adversely affects the quality of life and comfort of patients with a potential psychological, functional and social impact, which results in increased morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the administration of turmeric essential oil aromatherapy which was applied topically pruritus, comfort and quality of life of CKD patients. Methods : This study used a quasi-experimental design with 2 groups (intervention and control), conducted in CKD patients receiving hemodialysis therapy. A total sample of 72 respondents with the division of each group of 36 people. The intervention was carried out independently by the patient for 2 weeks. Measurement using 5-D pruritus scale questionnaire. Results : This study showed a decrease in pruritus scale in 51 respondents (70.8%) after 2 weeks of therapy. Independent t statistical test obtained a significance value of 0.046 (p

Background: Impaired coping mechanisms often occur in women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine the description of coping mechanisms in women with breast cancer who undergo chemorepy, radiation or both. Methods: The population in this study were women with breast cancer who underwent chemotherapy, radiation or both. Sampling was done by random sampling where the number of samples is 70. Taking data using the COPE Brief instrument. Result: Four indicators in the destructive category were acceptance (54.3%), denial (61.4%), emotional support (52.9%) and positive reframing (67.1%) while three indicators were mostly in the constructive category, namely self blame (60%), active (64.3) %), and Behavioral disengagement (72.9%). Conclusion: Four destructive indicators indicate poor avoidance and positive thinking in breast cancer patients, while 3 constructive indicators describe good problem solving. Assessment based on this indicator can be taken into consideration in the selection of appropriate interventions to improve coping mechanisms in breast cancer patients.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with the characteristic of treatment complexity. The toughest challenge for DM patients is dietary adherence. On the other hand, the socio-culture is one of the factors that influences dietary adherence. The aim of this study was to examine the dietary adherence of adults with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly to dietary programs. Methods: This study used a qualitative case study design with a positivist approach. The total participants consisted of 14 T2DM patients obtained through snowball sampling. The research phenomenon was the adherence of adults with type 2 Diabetes mellitus to dietary programs. The data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with question guidelines analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: This study obtained five themes regarding the dietary adherence of T2DM patients such as activity, motivation, intention, behavior, and the benefits of dietary adherence. The focus points were activity, motivation, and the intention to comply with the dietary recommendations, including reducing the fatty and fried foods consumed. The patients who felt the benefits of complying with the dietary program found following the dietary adherence to be easier. Conclusions: Activity, motivation, intention, behavior and the benefits of the dietary adherence program all make it easier for the patient to comply with their diet. This result suggests that health workers should provide education to the patients on the importance, benefits and the way to comply with the T2DM dietary program.

Introduction: The biggest challenge in nursing education is to produce nurses who are professional and competent. Effective and efficient learning through appropriate methods and media is very important. Practical learning based on standard operating procedures (SOP) has been widely applied, but clinical simulation approaches with audio-visual media have not been scientifically proven. The purpose of this study is to compare student competencies through clinical simulation learning with audio-visual media and practicums based on SOP. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 40 students recruited using simple random sampling and then divided into 2 groups: 20 respondents were given clinical simulation methods using audio-visual materials and 20 respondents were given practicum based on SOP. The independent variables were clinical simulation with audio-visual media and practicum based on standard operating procedures. The dependent variable was student competency, assessed using competency assessment including cognitive, affective, and psychomotor methods. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The use of clinical simulations with audio-visual media and practicum based on SOP can increase the value of competency in nursing students, but the median value on the use of clinical simulations using audio-visual sources is higher than practicum based on SOP. Conclusion: Clinical simulations with audio-visual media can be recommended as effective learning methods and media for nursing students.

Pengetahuan sangat penting dalam mengembangkan diabetes self-management untuk mencegah resiko komplikasi jangka panjang dengan diet yang ketat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan diabetes self-management dengan tingkat stress pasien diabetes melitus yang menjalani diet. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Jumlah total sampel didapatkan sebesar 106 responden dengan multistage sampling, Kriteria inklusi meliputi pasien DM

Introduction: Haemodialysis is one of the kidney replacements therapies, but, as it cannot wholly replace kidney function, it still causes complications such as increased blood pressure and pulse which can lead to anxiety for the patient. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) on anxiety, blood pressure and pulse in haemodialysis patients. Methods: The study design was a true pre-post-test control group design experiment. The total sample was 105 haemodialysis patients taken by purposive sampling technique and divided into two intervention groups and one control group. The independent variable was PMR, and the dependent variables were anxiety, blood pressure and pulse. Data were obtained using a questionnaire and analysed using the Kruskal Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level

Introduction: Controlling blood sugar can be done by dietary adherence of DM. To control glycemic, it is necessary to have motivation and health locus of control to face boredom in dietary adherence of DM. The aim was to analyse the correlation between motivation and health locus of control with dietary adherence of DM. Methods: Cross-sectional design was conducted and involved 106 respondents from five public health centers in Surabaya selected by random sampling. Data were collected by questionnaire Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales” (MHLC), and Diet Adherence. The analysis data was using statistical Spearman rho (α ≤ 0.05). Results: There was no correlation between motivation and dietary adherence (p=0.178), and there was a correlation between health locus of control with dietary adherence (p = 0.002). Conclusion: According to analysis, it can be concluded that motivation is influenced by many things to the role the forming of patient behavior in dietary adherence of DM while health locus of control has an influence to dietary adherence of DM. Because of that, it is necessary to increase the factor that influences the behavior of DM control. One of it is health locus of control. So that the glycemic control with dietary adherence of DM can increase and be better.

Introduction: Patients with diabetic ulcers tend to experience problems in implementing spirituality practices. Patients with diabetic ulcers also experience weaknesses and impaired mobilization that have an impact on family dependence and decreased self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spirituality level and family support with spiritual self-care behavior in diabetic ulcer patients. Methods: A descriptive correlation design with a cross-sectional approach. In a total of 92 patients with diabetic ulcers in Sidoarjo General District Hospital in June-July 2019 recruited. Independent variables were the level of spirituality and family support. The dependent variable was spiritual self-care behavior. Data obtained through the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) questionnaire, family support questionnaire, and Spiritual Self Care Practice (SSCPS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test of categorical variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results: The study showed there was a significant relationship between spirituality level (p = 0,000) and family support (p = 0,001) with spiritual self-care behavior in diabetic ulcer patients. The result of regression analysis showed the respondents with a high level of spirituality would increase 0.138 times of the spiritual self-care behavior probability. Conclusion: The level of spirituality and family support can promote individual coping to be more positive which may accelerate the process of receiving and healing wounds.

Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) was the leading cause of death in Healthcare-Associated Infections (HCAI) requiring treatment in its specific prevention. Prevention of VAP had not been done optimally, such as nurses had not done hand hygiene and oral care according to procedure, head elevation not yet done as indicated. Purpose: applying Theory of Planned Behavior to nurse compliance behavior to prevent VAP case in ICU of Catholic Hospital Surabaya. Methods: The study was explanative observational with cross-sectional approach. The population was associate nurses working in the ICU and obtained 30 sample with total sampling. The research variables were general attitude, age, education, experience, knowledge, attitude toward VAP, subjective norm, perception to control, intention, preventive compliance behaviour VAP. Instruments in the form of questionnaires and observations. Data analyzed using bivariate Chi-Square (pResults: The results showed that: 1) attitudes, age and experience were associated with intentional support factors (p Conclusion: Nurse compliance behavior in VAP prevention consider their background factor, support factor of intention, and intention.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسة لفحص تأثير تطبيق نموذج الرعاية الذاتية لتحسين قوة الرعاية الذاتية، وعملية الرعاية الذاتية، وجودة الحياة للمرضى الذين يعانون من الذئبة الحمامية الجهازية. طرق البحث: استخدمت هذه الدراسة تصميما تجريبيا مسبقا مع مجموعة واحدة قبل الاختبار- وبعد الاختبار. تم اختيار ستة وثلاثين مستجيبا باستخدام أسلوب أخذ العينات الكلي. كما تم إجراء تدريب إدارة الرعاية الذاتية على المجموعة التجريبية التي تمت متابعتها كزيارة منزلية أربع مرات أسبوعيا. وتم قياس قوة الرعاية الذاتية باستخدام مقياس تدريب قوة الرعاية الذاتية. وقياس المتغيرات الأخرى بواسطة قدرات ذاتية التقييم لمقياس الممارسات الصحية وجودة مخزون الذئبة. وتم تحليل البيانات بواسطة اختبار ت – المزدوج مع الفا أقل من ٠.٠٥. النتائج: معظم من يعانون من الذئبة الحمامية الجهازية سيدات عاملات نشطات متزوجات في عمر الإنجاب. معظمهن لديهن الذئبة الحمامية الجهازية منذ ١-٢ عاما (٣٣.٣٪)، تم تسجيل التهاب المفاصل من الأعراض الأكثر شيوعا لدى ٦١.١٪. وكان العامل المحفز للظهور عند الغالبية هو الإجهاد البدني (٦٦.٧٪) الذي أدى إلى التعب. في المتوسط، تطبيق نموذج الرعاية الذاتية ممكن أن يحسن قوة الرعاية الذاتية ١٩.٩٣٪، وعملية الرعاية الذاتية ٥٣.١٧٪ وجودة الحياة ١٢.١٩٪. كانت فعالة بشكل كبير في تعزيز قوة الرعاية الذاتية، وعملية الرعاية الذاتية، وجودة الحياة عند مرضى الذئبة الحمامية الجهازية. الاستنتاجات: تطبيق نموذج الرعاية الذاتية ل''أوريم'' فعال في تحسين قوة الرعاية الذاتية، والرعاية الذاتية، وجودة الحياة، ويقدم الدليل على ذلك استخدامه في الرعاية التمريضية لمرضى الذئبة الحمامية الجهازية في المجتمع. يجب على مقدمي الرعاية الصحية دمج نموذج الرعاية الذاتية لإوريم في الرعاية التمريضية لتعزيز قوة الرعاية الذاتية، الرعاية الذاتية وجودة الحياة عند مرضى الذئبة الحمامية الجهازية. Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of the application of a self-care model to improve self-care agency (SCA), self-care operation, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental design with one pretest-posttest group. Thirty-six respondents were selected through total sampling. The experimental group was provided self-care management training, followed by four weekly home visits. Self-care agency was measured with the self-care agency scale, the other variables through self-rated abilities on the health practices scale and Lupus quality inventory. Data were analysed using paired t-tests with α

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one cause of infectious death worldwide. In relation to the healing of pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia, there are still certain areas where the cure rate is still low. This study aims to identify the effect of spiritual emotional breathing (SEB) on the quality of respiratory function and the modulation of immune response in tuberculosis patients. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with two groups of pre-post-test design. The population was 34 patients with tuberculosis in East Perak’s primary health care. The independent variable was SEB (spiritual emotional breathing). The dependent variables were peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), pulse, oxygen saturation, breath frequency, breath sound, stiffness complaints, human IL-2, human cortisol, IgG. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in PEFR, pulse, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, respiratory sound, stiffness, human IL-2, human cortisol, IgG. Conclusion: SEB can improve the quality of respiratory function and the modulation of immune response in tuberculosis patients. The emotional spiritual approach is part of the science of energy psychology that aims to turn the negative energy in a person into positive energy that can help the healing process. This therapy is performed as a complementary therapy for TB patients to improve their quality of life and the control of symptoms

Introduction: The quality of the nurse-patient interaction is one factor that affects the patient adherence, but a study that provides an overview of factors in the nurse-patient interaction in improving or maintaining dialysis patient adherence has not been found. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the various factors involved in the interaction process between nurses and patients undergoing dialysis in relation to their adherence to fluid and dietary restrictions. Methods: A qualitative research design with an interpretive phenomenology approach was used in this study. The researcher intends to interpret the findings of the research, in this case the activity of the dialysis patients, in order to get a picture of the various factors involved in the process of interaction between nurse and dialysis patient. The unit of analysis used in this study was the disclosure or exposure of the internal factors of the nurse-patient interaction process, especially in relation to fluid and dietary restrictions. There were 15 participants who were selected based on the inclusion criteria. In-depth interviews, with field notes, were used in this study as the data collection method. Results: The analysis of the theme based on the goal of the research includes grieving, needs and values/morals, but in this article, the researchers only describe one theme - grieving. Conclusion: This result provides an overview of the findings on nurse-patient interaction factors that can serve as baseline data for the development of nursing care, both in nursing assessments and interventions aimed at improving dietary adherence and the fluid restriction of dialysis patients.

Tuberkulosis paru (TB) merupakan penyakit kronik yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup seseorang. Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) merupakan salah satu terapi non-farmakologis untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh terapi SEFT terhadap peningkatan Quality of Life (QoL) pada penderita TB di Puskesmas Perak Timur Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi-eksperimental dengan jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 22 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan Mann Whitney dengan tingkat kemaknaan α

Introduction : Nurses are one of the most important profession in health care system. Lack of reward systems and different of individual nurse’s characteristic will be contributed to the quality of nursing service given. This study was aimed to explain the correlation between individual characteristic and nurse reward system with nurse’s performance at RSUD Bontang. Method : This study used cross-sectional design involved 39 respondents, taken by purposive sampling. The independent variable were individual characteristic and nurse reward system and the dependent variable was nurse’s performance. Data were collected by using questionnaires and analyzed using linier regression with level of significance α≤0,05. Result : Results showed that there were significant correlation between nurse’s performance with individual characteristic and reward system. Analysis : It can be concluded that individual nurse’s characteristic and nurse reward system had correlation between nurse’s performance nursing care quality. Discussion : Individual characteristic factors (sex, age, education, seniority or work period) and nurse’s reward system must be considered to make judgement policy efficiency by human research. Further research must be done for identification factors who related nurse’s performance.

Introduction: Migraine was one of the headache type which is often griped by most of young woman. Migraine could influence activity, degrading work productivity, bothering work, family and social life, and there was possibility to loose job opportunity and decreased salary. Aromatherapy was one of the alternative that could be taken to decrease the migraine pain. Aromatherapy was trust directly influent brain to changed someone’s emotion and mood. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of aromatherapy to decrease the migraine pain. Method: This study was used a quasy-eksperimental design. There were 12 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, divided into treatment and control group. The independent variable was giving aromatherapy and the dependent variable was decrease pain level of migraine patients. Data were obtained by using observation and questionare, then analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with level of significanceα ≤0.05, Mann-Withney U Test with level of significance

Introduction: Tepid sponge bath is a therapeutic bath by washing all around of the body with warm water to decrease body temperature. Warm water that used were 32oC (nail warm) and 37oC (warm). The aimed of this study was to compare the effectivity of tepid sponge bath with 32oC and 37oC warm water on decreasing body temperature at toddler with fever. Method: A quasy experimental pre post test design was used in this study. The population was toddler who had body temperature ≥38oC which treated in anggrek pediatric room dr. Iskak public hospital Tulungagung. There were 26 respondents recruited by using purposive sampling technique and divided into two group, each of 13 respondents received tepid sponge bath with 32oC and others received tepid sponge bath with 37oC warm water. The independent variable was tepid sponge bath and dependent variable was body temperature. Data were collected by using digital termometere and noted in respondent observation, then analyzed by using Paired t-Test and Mann Withney U-Test. Result: The result showed that there was an effectivity on decreasing body temperature by giving tepid sponge bath with 32oC and 37oC warm water with significance level p=0.000 and there was a difference decreasing body temperature among both of them with significance level p=0.016. Discussion: It can be concluded that tepid sponge bath with 37oC warm water was more effective than tepid sponge bath with 32oC warm water. Further studies should be observed the effectivity of tepid sponge bath with more specific age, fever character and more time and respondent.

Introduction: Aging is a slowly losing process of the ability of tissues to regenerate and keep their normal structure and function in order to stand on from any disturbance, including infection. In older people degeneration of organs like muscles, bones, heart, blood vessels and nerve systems cause decrease in hearty. Satria nusantara gym are an alternative solution to increase hearty. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of satria nusantara gym on fitness level to old people. Method: The research use the pre eksperimental design by using approach of one group pre test post test design. Sampling technique in this research is non probability sampling by using saturated sampling. Samples taken as much 20 old people which is following satria nusantara gym. Data were analyzed using paired t- test with significance level α≤0.05. Result: The result showed that satria nusantara gym give positive effect to old people. Analysis: It can be cocluded that satria nusantara gym cause increase fitness level to old people. Discussion: It’s recommended further research need more variable for representative result.

Introduction: Aloe vera is a tropical plant that known can decrease the amount of blood glucose level in patient with diabetic type II. Diabetes mellitus is a disease cause by an increasing amount of blood glucose level that is reduce by conditions of the insulin. The aimed of this study was to analyze the effect of Aloe vera administering on decreasing blood glucose level for Diabetes mellitus type II patient. Method: A quasy experimental non randomized control group pre post test design was used in this study. There were 20 respondents divided into 3 group of treatment. Each group is given 100 gr/day 200 gr/day and 300 gr/day Aloe vera juice respectively. Data were collected by using observation and analyzed by using One way Anova and Paired t-Test with significance level α≤ 0.005. Result: The result showed that Aloe vera juice administering can decrease blood glucose level, with 100 gr/day, 200 gr/day, 300 gr/day (p=0.000). Discussion: It can be proven that Aloe vera juice administering can decrease blood glucose level, it’s because the content of Aloe vera more complete and effect from alprogen which impede absorption glucose and blood glucose level. Further study are recommended to measure the effect of Aloe vera juice on blood glucose level with more consider on gender, age, total calorie consumption, obesity, activities, and stress.

Introduction: Result of coverage hepatitis B immunization at 0-7 days old babies in Puskesmas Banjarbaru Banjarbaru city South Kalimantan until year 2008 was under 40%. The cause of unsuccessfully of giving hepatitis B immunization at 0-7 days old babies was the behavior of the family. This research aimed to explain family behavior in execution immunization at 0-7 days old babies in region of Puskesmas Banjarbaru. Method: The design used in this research was analytic design. total sample were 30 respondents. Variable in this research were behavior of family in practice hepatitis B immunization at baby 0-7 days old, which covers knowledge, attitude and practice in hepatitis B immunization at baby 0-7 day old. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using statistical test chi-square with level of significance α≤0.05. Result: The result showed a correlation between knowledge and attitude about hepatitis B immunization at 0-7 days old babies (x2=0.000). Discussion: There was correlation between knowledge and hepatitis B immunization performed by the family to the baby ages 0-7 days old (x2=0.015). A correlation between attitude with family practice with giving hepatitis B immunization at baby ages 0-7 days old (x2=0.000).

Introduction: Being hospitalized, some people may encounter a strange environment and situation which trigger stress to the patients. By giving an orientation, patients will learn how to adapt to this stressful event. Admission Orientation is a type of orientation which can be given to the patient on early stage of hospitalization. The main purpose of Admission Orientation is to facilitate the patients to cope with hospital environment and situation at first 24-48 hours. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of admission orientation to reduce the stress level in early hospitalized patients. Method: A quasy experimental design was used in this study. Population had taken from new patient in C (Cempaka) Surgical Ward, on June 2007. Sample were recruited by using total sampling and there were 12 samples who met to the inclusion criterias, divided into 6 samples for intervention group and 6 samples for control group. The independent variable was Admission Orientation and the dependent variable was stress responses. Data were collected by using questionnaire and analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Mann-Whitney U Test with significance level α≤0.05. Result: The result showed that Admission Orientation reduce the stress level in early hospitalized patients with p=0.025 in intervention group, p=0.157 in control group. Discussion: It can be concluded that Admission Orientation reduce patient’s level of stress. Therefore, Admission Orientation should be applied on hospitals as a program that can promote patient’s adaptation in early hospitalization.

Melalui kemampuan berempati, perawat dapat menurunkan stereotip dan memberikan evaluasi positif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh training komunikasi interpersonal dengan Model of Structural Reflection (MSR) terhadap persepsi keluarga klien di ruang ICCU tentang empati perawat, menggunakan desain pre and post test with control group. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas keluarga klien kelompok perlakuan di ruang ICCU dengan jumlah responden masingmasing kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan sebanyak 48 keluarga klien. Alat ukur menggunakan kuisioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Man-Whitney dan uji regresi multinomial berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh hasil bahwa training komunikasi interpersonal MSR berpengaruh terhadap persepsi keluarga klien dengan peningkatan persepsi keluarga klien pada kelompok perlakuan dibanding kelompok kontrol sebesar 0,01. Training komunikasi interpersonal efektif dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode MSR, karena dengan komunikasi interpersonal yang efektif dapat memberikan dampak meningkatkan kualitas hubungan yang saling memuaskan, adanya pengertian dan empati.

Keperawatan merupakan profesi yang mengedepankan pemahaman mengenai perilaku dan respon manusia terhadap masalah kesehatan, bagaimana berespon terhadap orang lain, serta memahami kelebihan dan kekurangan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan perilaku caring model partisipasif terhadap kinerja perawat dan mutu layanan keperawatan menggunakan quasy experimental design dengan kelompok kontrol. Besar sampel adalah 24 perawat dan 30 pasien untuk setiap kelompok. Kelompok intervensi diberikan pelatihan Caring model partisipasif. Sebelum dan sesudah pemberian pelatihan kelompok intervensi akan dinilai perilaku caring, kinerja dan mutu layanan keperawatannyakemudian akan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada peningkatan yang signifikan pada penerapan perilaku caring perawat, kinerja perawat berdasarkan caring, kinerja perawat berdasarkan dokumentasi askep dan mutu layanan keperawatan, sesudah perawat mendapatkan pelatihan perilaku caring. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh pelatihan perilaku caring terhadap perilaku caring perawat, kinerja perawat berdasarkan caring, kinerja perawat berdasarkan dokumentasi askep dan mutu layanan keperawatan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disarankan agar meningkatkan terus kemampuan profesional caring perawat dengan pelatihan perilaku caring secara rutin dan menjadikan dimensi caring Swanson sebagai standar perilaku caring perawat dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan.

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a disease caused by focal cerebral ischemia, where is a decline in blood flow that needed for neuronal metabolism, leading to neurologic deficit include motor deficit such as fine motor skills impairment. Therapy of fine motor skills disorders is to improve motor function, prevent contractures and complications. These study aimed to identify the effect of playing Jigsaw Puzzle on muscle strength, extensive motion, and upper extremity fine motor skills in patients with ischemic stroke at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Methods: Experimental Quasi pre-posttest one group control. The number of samples were 34 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. The samples were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group was 17 respondents who were given standard treatment hospital and played Jigsaw Puzzle 2 times a day for six days. Control group is one respondent given by hospital standard therapy without given additional Jigsaw Puzzle game. Evaluation of these research is done on the first and seventh day for those groups. Result: The results showed that muscle strength, the range of joint motion and fine motor skills of upper extremities increased (p = 0.001) significantly after being given the Jigsaw Puzzle games. These means playing Jigsaw Puzzle increase muscle strength, the range of joint motion and upper extremity fine motor skill of ischemic stroke patients. Discussion and conclusion: Jigsaw puzzle game administration as additional rehabilitation therapy in upper extremity fine motor to minimize the occurrence of contractures and motor disorders in patients with ischemic stroke. Jigsaw puzzle game therapy capable of creating repetitive motion as a key of neurological rehabilitation in Ischemic Stroke. This study recommends using jigsaw puzzle game as one of intervention in the nursing care of Ischemic Stroke patients.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus was a kind of incurable chronic disease that actually manageable. The global prevalence tends to increase due to less self management of the disease and the impact of it was severe health condition. There were so many interventions implemented but failed to give optimal improvement in patient’s condition and there are so many DM patients have insufficient ability to manage their own disease. Patients need to have knowledge, skills, and self confident to be able to manage their disease. Patient’s self-management depends on patient’s education, empowerment, and self monitoring in evaluating their self-care management. The purpose of this research was promoting patient’s psychological, social, and spiritual conditions through Self Care Management. Improvement in psychological, social, and spiritual conditions in patients with DM will lead to better level of blood glucose and HbA1C. Method: Patient newly diagnose with Type 2 DM at Puskesmas Kebonsari was selected with purposive sampling and divided into two groups. Each group contains 25 patients. Intervention group was given Self Diabetes Management Module. Before and after intervention patient was given Questionnaire. The data then analyzed using Student-T test, McNemar and Chi-Square. Result: The result of this research showed patient have constructive coping, increase interpersonal relation. Patients also have better acceptance about the disease and involve in its management. Discussion: Self Care Management Module promotes psychological, social, and spiritual conditions in patients with type 2 DM.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a kind of incurable chronic disease that actually manageable. The global prevalence tends to increase due to less self management of the disease and the impact of it was health condition declines physically, psychologically, socially, and spiritually. There were so many interventions implemented but failed to give positive improvement in patient's holistic condition which is lead to complications. The purpose of this research was to improve patient independency in managing the disease and to explain changes in blood glucose and HbA1C levels through self care management-holistic psychospiritual care model. Method: Patient newly diagnose with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Public Health Centre Kebonsari was selected with purposive sampling and divided into two groups. Each group contains 25 patients. Intervention group was given self care management model development with self diabetes management module. The intervention was given five times in three months. Before and after intervention patient was observed for blood glucose level of 2 hours before and after meal, and also HbA1C level. Questionnaire was given to patient. The data then analyzed using wilcoxon, mann whitney, and student-t test. Result: The result of this research showed patient with type 2 diabetes have independency improvement and lower blood glucose level of 2 hours before and after meal and also decreased HbA1C after intervention. Discussion: Self Care Management-Holistic Psychospiritual Care Model improves patient independency in managing their disease, lowering blood glucose and HbA1C levels.

Introduction: Assumption of leprosy that it is uncurable, hereditary, cursed, and impure disease causes the patients angry, disappointed even being introvert and leads them to a treatment adherence. The goal of this study was to explain the increasing of knowledge, self efficacy and the decreasing of stress in patient with leprosy by support group in Leprosy Hospital of Sumberglagah.Method: This study was a quasy experiment study using pre test and post test nonequivalent control. Total sample was 28 respondents in inpatient ward and outpatient. The instruments were questionnaire and cortisol level. Data were then analyzed descriptively and statistically using Wilcoxon test, Mann-whitney test, paired test and independent t test with α 0,05. Results: Results showed that mean of age was 40,92 years old. Almost all of respondents were in primary education. Knowledge pre and post was 57,14% good; 100% good (p = 0,041). Self effi cacy pre and post was 42,86% high; 28,57% high (p = 0,307). Stres level pre and post was 35,71% normal; 50% normal (p = 0,046). Mean of cortisol level pre and post was 66,35 ± 28,72; 71,80 ± 23,84 (p = 0,598). Discussion: It can be concluded that support group increases knowledge and decreases stress but doesn’t increase self effi cacy and decrease cortisol level in patient with leprosy in Leprosy Hospital of Sumberglagah. Keywords: support group, leprosy, knowledge, self effi cacy, stress, cortisol

ABSTRAK : Pendahuluan: Kesadaran masyarakat terhadap gaya hidup sehat menyebabkan perubahan pada pemilihan bahan makanan untuk dikonsumsi. Penambahan tepung Pisang dan Sukun meningkatkan kadar serat pada mie. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi tepung pengganti pada mie yang berefek pada peningkatan GDS paling rendah. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah control group pretest posttest design. Sample didapatkan sebanyak 58 orang mahasiswa Fakultas Keperawatan Unair yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. 58 sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu mi A (kontrol), B (subtitusi 30%) dan C (subtitusi 20%). Pemeriksaan GDS dilakukan sebelum pemberian Mi dan 60 menit setelah pemberian mi. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah dengan ANOVA one way. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji ANOVA one way didapatkan p=0,000 (p

Introduction: Poststroke clients will have impaired postural body that can have affect to their balance, ability to gait and function of the upper limb. Truncal control exercise can improve and maintain body postural be good. Rehabilitation poststroke still focusing on upper and lower limbs exercise of hemiplegia compared postural body’s repair. Method: This type of research used experimental with quasy control group pretest – postest design. The number of samples obtained with consecutive sampling techniques that appropriate criteria research consists of 20 respondents (n = 10 treatment-and n-control = 10). The independent variable is the truncal control exercise. The dependent variable is the function of the upper limb, balance, and gait. Data were collected by using observation and checklist sheets. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and paired t-test with α = 0,05. Results and analysis: The results of statistical tests performed in the treatment group and the control was obtained p-value of the functional capabilities of the upper limb = 0.270 and p-value of performance of upper limb function = 0.289. The results of statistical tests performed in the treatment group and the control was obtained p-value of balance = 0.017. The results of statistical tests performed in the treatment group and the control was obtained p-value of gait = 0.026. Discussion and conclusion: Nursing interventions truncal control exercise have less effective results to changes in upper limb function, but it is effective to balance and walk clients pascastroke. Nursing interventions truncal control exercise have more effective results to changes in balance than gait on poststroke clients. Nursing interventions truncal control exercise can be continued as a form of collaborative action for medical-surgical nurse with physiotherapy to optimize rehabilitation programs of posstroke clients with balance and gait problems in clinic or home’s client.

The role of families in providing care for stroke patients at home can cause ongoing stress, and can be a burden to caregivers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of factors of age, sex, education, employment, family relationship, length of care, duration of care, health problems of caregiver, and deficit neurology of stroke on the burden of caregivers. Study used analytical design through cross sectional approach. Samples of 120 caregivers were taken in 2 Puskesmas namely Pegirian and Pucang Sewu in Surabaya City with simple random sampling technique. Research instruments in the form of questionnaires compiled by researchers. Multiple linear regression used to analyze the influence of several factors on the burden of caregiver among stroke patients. The results of the t-test can be concluded that there is no partial effect on age, gender, family relationship, education, employment, length of care, health problems of caregivers, and deficit neurology of stroke on the burden of caregiver among stroke patients, and only the duration of care is influential against the burden of caregiver among stroke patients (p value 0.001).

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus was an uncurable metabolic disease but it can be controlled. Diabetes can be controlled independently by diabetic with diabetes self-care behavior. Self-care behavior was challenge problem causing in adherence in majority diabetic clients especially in Persadia Darmo Hospital. Method: Research design was Quasy-Experiment study among type 2 diabetic client. This study involved 30 samples taken by purposive sampling. The independent variable were What is Important For You (WIFY) and Life Map. The dependent variable was self-care behavior. Data were taken by using SDSCA questionnaire then analyzed by using t-test with a= £0.05. Result and Analyze: WIFY and Life Map change self-care behavior in treatment group before and after treatment significantly with p value = 0,024. There was significant difference between treatment and control group of self-care behavior with p value = 0,029. Discussion: It could be concluded that application of WIFY and Life Map with goal attainment model increase self-care behavior in type 2 diabetic clients. The use of this approach could be optimizing diabetic counseling and education for clients. Further research to investigate WIFY and Life map effect on blood glucose level and HbA1c test in Type 2 Diabetic.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with many complications. Self-efficacy is a psychosocial aspects refer to patient’s belief about their ability to do Diabetes managements. Self-efficacy can be enhanced by providing a mutual support from other Diabetic patients. This study aimed to analyze the influence of peer group support on self-efficacy, glicemic control and self-care activities of Diabetic patients. Method: This research was a pre-experimental with one-group pre-post test design and was evolved 29 respondents. Peer Group Support indicators were checking in, presenting problems, clarifying issues, sharing experiences, action planning and checking out. Implementation of peer group support activity was 60 minutes meeting, once a week for totally 6 weeks. The datas were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman’s Rho test with significance values p≤ 0.05. Result: Self efficacy, self care activities, and blood glucose level were increased (p=0.000). Discussion: Peer group support was recommended to enhance self-efficacy and self-management of diabetic patients. Further research is needed about health promotion for improving self-efficacy. Keywords: peer group support, self-efficacy, glicemic control, self care activities, Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Introduction: Cancer is a chronic disease that affects physical, psychological, social, and economic life of individual and then contributes to life quality. Psychotherapy is important in improving the life quality of cancer patients. One of psychotherapy that can be given is the implementation of ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). The aim of this study is to analyze the application of ACT in improving the life quality of cancer patients at the Puskesmas Pacarkeling Surabaya. Method: This research method used pre-experimental with one group pre-post test design. The population of cancer patients enrolled in the Puskesmas Pacar Keling. Samples were 12 people whom are determined based on the inclusion criteria. The Independent variable is application of ACT and the dependent variable is life quality. Data collection and implementation of ACT were conducted in puskemas and home visits. The collected data was analyzed by Paired T test with significance level α=0.05. Result: Result showed that there was change in increasing life quality of cancer patients significantly after giving implementation of the ACT. The result of Paired t-test showed the life quality of patients had a significance level of p=0.000. These result demonstrate the value of p

Introduction: Type 2 diabetic patients usually unsuccessful to follow the diet recommendation due to lack of motivation, memory and intention. This study attempts to increase the motivation and also to improve intention in dietary adherence through the implementation of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Method: This study was a quasy-experiment. The population were type 2 diabetic patients in Puskesmas Krian Sidoarjo in March-April 2015. Respondents were only 16 and had been divided into experiment and control group. The independent variable was the implementation of HAPA. The dependent variable were self-efficacy, dietary adherence and blood sugar levels. The instruments in this study were questionnaires and blood sugar monitoring devices. Data were analyzed using statistical wilcoxon sign rank test and mann whitney u test with significance level α ≤ 0.05. Result: Wilcoxon sign rank test showed there were differences between pre and post test significantly on self-efficacy (p=0.014), dietary adherence (p=0.025), blood sugar levels (p=0.009) in experiment group, while no significant differences in control group. Mann Witney U test showed that there was significant difference on dietary adherence (p=0.002) between two groups. Discussion: In conclusion, the implementation of HAPA can improve dietary adherence in type 2 diabetic patient. Further, following studies are expected with large number respondents and identify the whole variables in the HAPA theory. Keywords: Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), self efficacy, dietary adherence, blood glucose, Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Education about self-care DM type 2 has been given, but the failure rate in achieving glycemic control is still high. This leads to the risk of Diabetes Mellitus complications referring to the high cost of care. Action of self-care management of patients with type 2 diabetes is based on the intention. However, intention can not always be an action because of the barrier of self-control (self regulatory problem). Implementation intention becomes an effort in improving the realization of intention into action. This study aims to analyze the influence of implementation intention approach in the self-care management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. This study uses the quasy experiment method (pre-post test with control design) with comparing the effect of implementation intention in 2 group. The study was conducted in Internal Medicine Outpatient Ward in University of Airlangga Hospital with a total sample of 38 people with hypothesis test formula data proportion of two populations 1 tailed. Variable include action of nutrition management, modification of physical activity, medication adherence and self monitoring blood glucose measures using a questionnaire instrument. Data were analyzed through independent t-test. The result of the research shows that p value < tolerance level with α = 0,05 means that Ho is rejected, so there is an influence between implementation intention approach with nutrition management, modification of physical activity, and medication compliance. Whereas if obtained p value > tolerance level means Ho accepted, so there is no effect of implementation implementation approach with self monitoring of blood glucose. Conclusions: the impelementation intention approach improves the application of self-care management in nutrition management, modification of activity and medication adherence but can not improve action in independent self monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). Reccomendation: Further research can develop SMBG variables by providing standardized assessment based on patient needs and situations; allowing more than 4 weeks, grouping respondents homogeneously based on individual characteristics.

Burns are one of the injuries that require the best care to achieve optimal cure. Several previous studies have suggested that leaf extract of Centella asiatica and chinese petai leaf potential as burning healing agent for mild and moderate degree besides medical treatment. The purpose of this study was to explain the difference of effectiveness of leaf extract of pegagan leaves 25% by giving 30% petai chinese extract to heal burns. The samples were white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with total of 28 tails selected according to inclusion criteria then divided into 4 groups randomly is group of leaf extract of pegagan leaf 25% (K1), 30% petai petroleum extract (K2) Gel base (K3) and control (K4). The design of this study used the randomized posttest only control group design and analyzed using Anova and post Hoc Duncan test. The measured variable is the duration of wound healing. Anova test results and Post Hoc Duncan test duration of burn wound healing show that 30% Chinese petai extract group has significant difference with other group with p-value

Insomnia is the primary sleeping problem experienced mostly by elderly. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of lavender aromatherapy for insomnia reduction in elderly. This study used pre-experimental design, with 15 samples, recruited by using total sampling. The independent variable was aromatherapy and the dependent variable was insomnia. Data were collected by using structured interview with questionnaire and observation. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with significance level of p≤0.05. The results showed that lavender aromatherapy given to elderly had beneficial effect on sleep quality and quantity of this age group. The sign and symptoms of insomnia become reduced with significance level of p=0.001.Lavender aromatherapy can be used as alternative intervention for overcoming insomnia in elderly.

Trans Urethral Resection Prostate (TURP) is endourology surgery with used electrical power or with laser power. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of warm irrigation during operation to prevent hypothermi post operation TURP at the Dr. Soetomo Central Hospital of Surabaya. A quasy experimental, pre and post-test control group non-randomized design was used in this study. The independent variable was warm irrigation, and the dependent variable was hypothermi. Fourteen sample enrolled by using non-probability purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by using Paired T test with significance level of p < 0.05. The result showed that warm irrigation admitted during operation had effect to the increase body temperature (p=0.000), blood pressure (p=0.000), pulse (p=0.010), respiration (p=0.002), oxygen saturation (p=0.002). Conclusion: warm irrigation is effective to increase body temperature patient with Trans Urethral Resection Prostate (TURP).

ABSTRAK Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan aluminium matrix composite (AMC) dari serbuk aluminium sebagai matrik dan limbah abu terbang sebagai penguat. Sejumlah abu terbang yaitu 2,5; 5; 7,5 dan 10% berat ditambahkan pada bubuk aluminium. Campuran abu terbang dan serbuk aluminium dikompaksi secara aksial dengan tekanan 100 MPa dan dilanjutkan dengan proses sintering tanpa tekanan dengan lingkungan gas argon pada berbagai temperatur yaitu 500˚, 525˚, 500˚, 575˚ dan 600˚C. Pengujian kekuatan bending menggunakan metode four point bending, kekerasan menggunakan metode Vickers, laju keausan menggunakan metode pin on disk dan porositas menggunakan metode Archimedes serta struktur mikro diamati menggunakan SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan bending dan kekerasan meningkat, laju keausan dan porositas menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya abu terbang pada AMC sampai 7,5% berat, namun bila kandungan abu terbang lebih dari 7,5% berat sifat AMC menunjukkan kebalikannya. Porositas, kekuatan bending, laju keausan dan kekerasan terbaik yaitu pada AMC dengan 7,5% berat abu terbang berturut-turut sebesar 5,4%, 68,5 MPa, 0,0571 mg/(MPa.m) and 62,6 VHN. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan bending, kekerasan dan ketahanan aus AMC lebih baik dibanding aluminium murni. ABSTRACT Aluminum matrix composite (AMC) has been prepared from aluminum fine powder as a matrix and fly ash waste as reinforcement. In this research the amount of fly ash as much as 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% was added to the aluminum fine powder. The mixture was compacted using uniaxial with a pressure of 100 MPa and it was pressureless sintered in argon atmosphere at various temperature of 500°, 525°, 550°,575° and 600ºC. Bending strength of AMC was determined using four point bending, hardness was tested using Vickers method, wear rate was tested using pin on disk method, porosity was tested using Archimedes method and the micro structure was observed using SEM. The result shows that fly ash can be used as reinforcement of AMC. The bending strength and Vickers hardness of AMC increase, wear rate and porosity of AMC decrease with increasing the fly ash content up to 7.5 wt%, while fly ash higher than 7.5 wt% causes a decrease. Porosity, bending strength, wear rate and hardness of AMC are 5.4%, 68.5 MPa, 0.0571 mg/(MPa.m) and 62.6 VHN, respectively. It show that bending strength, hardness and wear resistance of AMC are higher than pure aluminum

The effect of residence time of graphitisation on thermal conductivity of molded graphite has been examined. The examination has been conducted by varying residence time of graphitisation of molded carbon with petroleum coke as raw material and coal tar pitch. Graphitisation has been conducted by heating molded graphite at 2500 °C in argon atmosphere with residention time of 10, 30 and 90 minutes. Graphitisation degree, density, shrinking mass and porosity of molded graphite were examined and so was its thermal conductivity. The result showed that the decrease of porosity and the increase of graphitisation degree due to the increasing of residention time of graphitisation will increase the thermal conductivity of graphite. Molded graphite graphitisized with residence time for 90 minutes residention time gave thermal conductivity of 2.134 Watt/mK and graphitization degree 0.718.

Pregnancy is a new period of life, where the baby growth before they were ready to born. Pregnancy closely associated with anemia, which Hb amount of mother under 11gr% on first and third trimester, and under 10.5gr% on second trimester. Lack of knowledge can lead to inappropriate attitudes and actions in reduce the incidence of anemia. Peer group support which is discuss about the same health problem was untried before. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of peer group support to knowledge, attitudes, and actions of pregnant women on anemia prevention during pregnancy. This is a pre-experiments study with one group pretest-posttest design. Population of this study consist of 156 pregnant women. This research using purposive sampling method. The number of samples is 16 respondents. Independent variable of this study is peer group support, while the dependent variables are knowledge, attitudes and actions. Data collected by observation and questionnaires. The data analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with significance level p < 0.05. Peer group support has a significant influences in increasing knowledge level, attitudes and actions of pregnant woman. Knowledge analysis test results: 0.001, attitudes: 0.001 and actions: 0.001. It shows there are significant differences of knowledge, attitudes and actions between before and after peer group support. Peer group support can improve knowledge, attitudes and actions of pregnant woman on anemia prevention. Peer group support helps pregnant woman to get many informations from the other members and also help them to find a way out of her problems about anemia prevention. This may be a suggestion for the health provider to organize peer group support regularly to increase the knowledge, attitudes and actions of pregnant woman in effort to decrease the incidence of anemia in pregnant woman.

Purpose: Diabetes has resulted in an increase in diabetic fatigue syndrome, which has a negative influence on health, particularly the risk of worsening quality of life (QoL) due to physical and mental limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experiences of patients with unregulated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetes fatigue syndrome., Methods: This study used a qualitative phenomenological design and focused on patients from four primary health centers (PHCs) in Surabaya, Indonesia with higher incidents of unregulated T2DM. Thirty participants were recruited using purposive sampling with the following inclusion criteria: adult T2DM patients, willing to participate in the study, and able to recount experiences associated with their illness. Data collection took place between April and June 2020 across 36 interview sessions. Semi-structured interviews were carried out face-to-face with each participant with the principles of social distancing applied due to the COVID-19 pandemic., Results: Analysis identified five themes and thirteen subthemes. The first theme was participants' experiences during blood glucose imbalance. Other themes included experiences of boredom with diet, physical and psychological distress, financial problems during treatment, and sexual problems., Conclusion: Participants with T2DM who experienced diabetes fatigue reported negative effects on their life, especially on health, functional daily activity, and finances. The results of this study can provide information for nurses and other healthcare providers to promote interventions for patients with T2DM, such as modifying lifestyle, self-acceptance, and self-efficacy., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that there are no competing interests in this study., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)