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1. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes

Author

Goniewicz, Maciej Lukasz, Knysak, Jakub, Gawron, Michal, Kosmider, Leon, Sobczak, Andrzej, Kurek, Jolanta, Prokopowicz, Adam, Jablonska-Czapla, Magdalena, Rosik-Dulewska, Czeslawa, Havel, Christopher, Jacob, Peyton, and Benowitz, Neal

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Public Health, Chemical Sciences, Substance Misuse, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Prevention, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke and Health, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Administration, Inhalation, Carcinogens, Drug Delivery Systems, Electronics, Harm Reduction, Humans, Metals, Heavy, Nicotine, Nitrosamines, Noxae, Smoking, Tobacco Products, Toxicology, Volatile Organic Compounds, Electronic nicotine delivery devices
Abstract

SignificanceElectronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigarettes, are devices designed to imitate regular cigarettes and deliver nicotine via inhalation without combusting tobacco. They are purported to deliver nicotine without other toxicants and to be a safer alternative to regular cigarettes. However, little toxicity testing has been performed to evaluate the chemical nature of vapour generated from e-cigarettes. The aim of this study was to screen e-cigarette vapours for content of four groups of potentially toxic and carcinogenic compounds: carbonyls, volatile organic compounds, nitrosamines and heavy metals.Materials and methodsVapours were generated from 12 brands of e-cigarettes and the reference product, the medicinal nicotine inhaler, in controlled conditions using a modified smoking machine. The selected toxic compounds were extracted from vapours into a solid or liquid phase and analysed with chromatographic and spectroscopy methods.ResultsWe found that the e-cigarette vapours contained some toxic substances. The levels of the toxicants were 9-450 times lower than in cigarette smoke and were, in many cases, comparable with trace amounts found in the reference product.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the idea that substituting tobacco cigarettes with e-cigarettes may substantially reduce exposure to selected tobacco-specific toxicants. E-cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy among smokers unwilling to quit, warrants further study. (To view this abstract in Polish and German, please see the supplementary files online.).

Published
2014

4. Indoor air pollution, physical and comfort parameters related to schoolchildren's health : Data from the European SINPHONIE study

Author

Baloch, Ramen Munir, Maesano, Cara Nichole, Christoffersen, Jens, Banerjee, Soutrik, Gabriel, Marta, Csobod, Eva, Fernandes, Eduardo de Oliveira, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Szuppinger, Peter, Prokai, Reka, Farkas, Petur, Fuzi, Cecilia, Cani, Eduart, Draganic, Jasna, Mogyorosy, Eszter Reka, Korac, Zorica, Ventura, Gabriela, Madureira, Joana, Paciencia, Ines, Martins, Anabela, Pereira, Ricardo, Ramos, Elisabete, Rudnai, Peter, Paldy, Anna, Dura, Gyula, Beregszaszi, Timea, Vaskovi, Eva, Magyar, Donat, Pandics, Tamas, Remeny-Nagy, Zsuzsanna, Szentmihalyi, Renata, Udvardy, Orsolya, Varro, Mihaly J., Kephalopoulos, Stylianos, Kotzias, Dimitrios, Barrero-Moreno, Josefa, Mehmeti, Rahmije, Vilic, Aida, Maestro, Daniel, Moshammer, Hanns, Strasser, Gabriela, Brigitte, Piegler, Hohenblum, Philipp, Goelen, Eddy, Stranger, Marianne, Spruy, Maarten, Sidjimov, Momchil, Hadjipanayis, Adamos, Katsonouri-Sazeides, Andromachi, Demetriou, Eleni, Kubinova, Ruzana, Kazmarova, Helena, Dlouha, Beatricia, Kotlik, Bohumil, Vabar, Helen, Ruut, Juri, Metus, Meelis, Rand, Kristiina, Jarviste, Antonina, Nevalainen, Aino, Hyvarinen, Anne, Taubel, Martin, Jarvi, Kati, Mandin, Corinne, Berthineau, Bruno, Moriske, Heinz-Joern, Giacomini, Marcia, Neumann, Anett, Bartzis, John, Kalimeri, Krystallia, Saraga, Dikaia, Santamouris, Mattheos, Assimakopoulos, Margarita Niki, Asimakopoulos, Vasiliki, Carrer, Paolo, Cattaneo, Andrea, Pulvirenti, Salvatore, Vercelli, Franco, Strangi, Fabio, Omeri, Elida, Piazza, Silvia, D'Alcamo, Andrea, Fanetti, Anna Clara, Sestini, Piersante, Kouri, Magdalini, Viegi, Giovanni, Sarno, Giuseppe, Baldacci, Sandra, Maio, Sara, Cerrai, Sonia, Franzitta, Vincenzo, Bucchieri, Salvatore, Cibella, Fabio, Simoni, Marzia, Neri, Margherita, Martuzevicius, Dainius, Krugly, Edvinas, Montefort, Stephen, Fsadni, Peter, Brewczynski, Piotr Z., Krakowiak, Ewa, Kurek, Jolanta, Kubarek, Elibieta, Wlazlo, Agnieszka, Borrego, Carlos, Alves, Celia, Valente, Joana, Gurzau, Eugen, Rosu, Cristina, Popita, Gabriela, Neamtiu, Iulia, Neagu, Cristina, Norbäck, Dan, Bluyssen, Phylomena, Bohms, Michel, Van den Hazel, Peter, Cassee, Flemming, de Bruin, Yuri Bruinen, Bartonova, Alena, Yang, Aileen, Halzlova, Katarina, Jajcaj, Michal, Kanikova, Milada, Miklankova, Olga, Vitkiva, Marianna, Jovasevic-Stojanovic, Milena, Zivkovic, Marija, Stevanovic, Zarko, Lazovic, Ivan, Stevanovic, Zana, Zivkovic, Zorica, Cerovic, Sofija, Jocic-Stojanovic, Jasmina, Mumovic, Dejan, Tarttelin, Paula, Chatzidiakou, Lia, Chatzidiakou, Evangelia, Dewolf, Marie-Christine, Baloch, Ramen Munir, Maesano, Cara Nichole, Christoffersen, Jens, Banerjee, Soutrik, Gabriel, Marta, Csobod, Eva, Fernandes, Eduardo de Oliveira, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Szuppinger, Peter, Prokai, Reka, Farkas, Petur, Fuzi, Cecilia, Cani, Eduart, Draganic, Jasna, Mogyorosy, Eszter Reka, Korac, Zorica, Ventura, Gabriela, Madureira, Joana, Paciencia, Ines, Martins, Anabela, Pereira, Ricardo, Ramos, Elisabete, Rudnai, Peter, Paldy, Anna, Dura, Gyula, Beregszaszi, Timea, Vaskovi, Eva, Magyar, Donat, Pandics, Tamas, Remeny-Nagy, Zsuzsanna, Szentmihalyi, Renata, Udvardy, Orsolya, Varro, Mihaly J., Kephalopoulos, Stylianos, Kotzias, Dimitrios, Barrero-Moreno, Josefa, Mehmeti, Rahmije, Vilic, Aida, Maestro, Daniel, Moshammer, Hanns, Strasser, Gabriela, Brigitte, Piegler, Hohenblum, Philipp, Goelen, Eddy, Stranger, Marianne, Spruy, Maarten, Sidjimov, Momchil, Hadjipanayis, Adamos, Katsonouri-Sazeides, Andromachi, Demetriou, Eleni, Kubinova, Ruzana, Kazmarova, Helena, Dlouha, Beatricia, Kotlik, Bohumil, Vabar, Helen, Ruut, Juri, Metus, Meelis, Rand, Kristiina, Jarviste, Antonina, Nevalainen, Aino, Hyvarinen, Anne, Taubel, Martin, Jarvi, Kati, Mandin, Corinne, Berthineau, Bruno, Moriske, Heinz-Joern, Giacomini, Marcia, Neumann, Anett, Bartzis, John, Kalimeri, Krystallia, Saraga, Dikaia, Santamouris, Mattheos, Assimakopoulos, Margarita Niki, Asimakopoulos, Vasiliki, Carrer, Paolo, Cattaneo, Andrea, Pulvirenti, Salvatore, Vercelli, Franco, Strangi, Fabio, Omeri, Elida, Piazza, Silvia, D'Alcamo, Andrea, Fanetti, Anna Clara, Sestini, Piersante, Kouri, Magdalini, Viegi, Giovanni, Sarno, Giuseppe, Baldacci, Sandra, Maio, Sara, Cerrai, Sonia, Franzitta, Vincenzo, Bucchieri, Salvatore, Cibella, Fabio, Simoni, Marzia, Neri, Margherita, Martuzevicius, Dainius, Krugly, Edvinas, Montefort, Stephen, Fsadni, Peter, Brewczynski, Piotr Z., Krakowiak, Ewa, Kurek, Jolanta, Kubarek, Elibieta, Wlazlo, Agnieszka, Borrego, Carlos, Alves, Celia, Valente, Joana, Gurzau, Eugen, Rosu, Cristina, Popita, Gabriela, Neamtiu, Iulia, Neagu, Cristina, Norbäck, Dan, Bluyssen, Phylomena, Bohms, Michel, Van den Hazel, Peter, Cassee, Flemming, de Bruin, Yuri Bruinen, Bartonova, Alena, Yang, Aileen, Halzlova, Katarina, Jajcaj, Michal, Kanikova, Milada, Miklankova, Olga, Vitkiva, Marianna, Jovasevic-Stojanovic, Milena, Zivkovic, Marija, Stevanovic, Zarko, Lazovic, Ivan, Stevanovic, Zana, Zivkovic, Zorica, Cerovic, Sofija, Jocic-Stojanovic, Jasmina, Mumovic, Dejan, Tarttelin, Paula, Chatzidiakou, Lia, Chatzidiakou, Evangelia, and Dewolf, Marie-Christine

Abstract

Substantial knowledge is available on the association of the indoor school environment and its effect among schoolchildren. In the same context, the SINPHONIE (School indoor pollution and health: Observatory network in Europe) conducted a study to collect data and determine the distribution of several indoor air pollutants (IAPs), physical and thermal parameters and their association with eye, skin, upper-, lower respiratory and systemic disorder symptoms during the previous three months. Finally, data from 115 schools in 54 European cities from 23 countries were collected and included 5175 schoolchildren using a harmonized and standardized protocol. The association between exposures and the health outcomes were examined using logistic regression models on the environmental stressors assessed in classroom while adjusting for several confounding factors; a VOC (volatile organic compound) score defined as the sum of the number of pollutants to which the children were highly exposed (concentration > median of the distribution) in classroom was also introduced to evaluate the mul tiexposu re - outcome association. Schoolchildren while adjusting for several confounding factors. Schoolchildren exposed to above or equal median concentration of PM2.5, benzene, limonene, ozone and radon were at significantly higher odds of suffering from upper, lower airways, eye and systemic disorders. Increased odds were also observed for any symptom (sick school syndrome) among schoolchildren exposed to concentrations of limonene and ozone above median values. Furthermore, the risks for upper and lower airways and systemic disorders significantly increased with the VOCs score. Results also showed that increased ventilation rate was significantly associated with decreased odds of suffering from eye and skin disorders whereas similar association was observed between temperature and upper airways symptoms. The present study provides evidence that exposure to IAPs in schools is associated

Published
2020
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6. Mitochondrial functioning abnormalities observed in blood platelets of chronic smoke-exposed guinea pigs – a pilot study

Author

Białas,Adam J, Siewiera,Karolina, Watala,Cezary, Rybicka,Anna, Grobelski,Bartlomiej, Kośmider,Leon, Kurek,Jolanta, Miłkowska-Dymanowska,Joanna, Piotrowski,Wojciech J, Górski,Paweł, Białas,Adam J, Siewiera,Karolina, Watala,Cezary, Rybicka,Anna, Grobelski,Bartlomiej, Kośmider,Leon, Kurek,Jolanta, Miłkowska-Dymanowska,Joanna, Piotrowski,Wojciech J, and Górski,Paweł

Abstract

Adam J BiaÅ‚as,1 Karolina Siewiera,2 Cezary WataÅ‚a,2 Anna Rybicka,3 BartÅ‚omiej Grobelski,3 Leon KoÅ›mider,4,5 Jolanta Kurek,6 Joanna MiÅ‚kowska-Dymanowska,1 Wojciech J Piotrowski,1 PaweÅ‚ Górski1 1Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; 2Department of Hemostasis and Hemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; 3The animal house, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; 4Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; 5Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; 6Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland Background: COPD represents a major global health issue, which is often accompanied by cardiovascular diseases. A considerable body of evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk is elevated by the activation of blood platelets, which in turn is exacerbated by inflammation. As reactive oxygen species are believed to be an important factor in platelet metabolism and functioning, the aim of our study was to perform a complex assessment of mitochondrial function in platelets in chronic smoke exposed animals with COPD-like lung lesions. Materials and methods: Eight-week-old, male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (the study group) were exposed to the cigarette smoke from commercial unfiltered cigarettes (0.9 mg/cig of nicotine content) or to the air without cigarette smoke (control group), using the Candela Constructions® exposure system. The animals were exposed for 4 hours daily, 5 days a week, with 2×70 mL puff/minute, until signs of dyspnea were observed. The animals were bled, and isolated platelets were used to monitor blood platelet respiration. The mitochondrial respiratory parameters of the platelets were monitored in vitro based on continuous recording of oxygen consumption by high-resolution respirometry. Results: A

Published
2018

10. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes

Author

Goniewicz, Maciej Lukasz, primary, Knysak, Jakub, additional, Gawron, Michal, additional, Kosmider, Leon, additional, Sobczak, Andrzej, additional, Kurek, Jolanta, additional, Prokopowicz, Adam, additional, Jablonska-Czapla, Magdalena, additional, Rosik-Dulewska, Czeslawa, additional, Havel, Christopher, additional, Jacob, Peyton, additional, and Benowitz, Neal, additional

Published
2013
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11. Effect of occupational lead exposure on [alpha]- and [gamma]-tocopherol concentration in plasma.

Author

Prokopowicz, Adam, Sobczak, Andrzej, Szula, Magdalena, Anczyk, Edmund, Kurek, Jolanta, Olszowy, Zofia, Radek, Malgorzata, Pawlas, Natalia, Ochota, Patryk, and Szoltysek-Boldys, Izabela

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Changes in enzymatic antioxidant activity are frequently observed in workers occupationally exposed to lead. Few studies have investigated the influence of lead on the non-enzymatic antioxidant system. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of occupational exposure to lead on the plasma concentration of two hydrophobic forms of vitamin E: [alpha]-tocopherol and [gamma]-tocopherol. METHODS: A sample of 401 healthy men, aged 19-62, participated in the study. In total, 340 of these subjects were employed at the Mine and Metallurgical Plant in southern Poland. The workers who were occupationally exposed to lead were divided into quartiles (groups of 85 subjects). The lead concentrations in the blood of the subjects in the control group and in the lead exposure quartiles correspond to the following ranges: 10-72 [mu]g/l (control group); 82-206 [mu]g/l (Q1); 209-308 [mu]g/l (Q2); 308-394 [mu]g/l (Q3) and 395-644 [mu]g/l (Q4), respectively. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed only for the plasma concentration of [gamma]-tocopherol, which differed between the control group and Q1 (by 24.1%, p=0.0368), between Q1 and Q3 (by -18.8%, p=0.0115) and between Q1 and Q4 (by -25.7%, p=0.0002). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the statistically significant, predictive properties of the [gamma]-tocopherol plasma concentration were as follows: triglycerides ([beta]=0.440)> age ([beta]=0.131)> whole cholesterol ([beta]=0.117)> blood lead concentration ([beta]=-0.108). For [alpha]-tocopherol, significant prognostic properties were triglycerides and total cholesterol ([beta]=0.485 and [beta]=0.399, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to lead is strongly correlated with the concentration of [gamma]-tocopherol but not [alpha]-tocopherol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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