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Objective: We present a simple 2D big ultrasound measurement of the fetal adrenal glands and their biometrical growth analysis highlighted as a potential preterm birth marker., Methods: This was a prospective observational case-control study. Sixty-four patients were included in the study (32 with the diagnosis of imminent preterm birth before 37 and 32 controls) from January 2018 to May 2020. Anteroposterior dimensions and circumferences of the whole adrenal glands and their central zones were measured by simple B-mode ultrasound imaging. For the statistical analysis, StatsDirect 3.0 and ROC curves were used. As a studied descriptor, routine standard ultrasound cervical measurements were added (cervical length, funneling, sludge, cervical dilatation, and cervical glandular area)., Results: In biometrics of gestational age-related changes, a significant analysis of the overall growth of the adrenal gland was observed (circumference p < 0.001, anteroposterior diameter p = 0.02). The growth of the central zone was observed independently of gestational age. The growth of the central zone of the fetal adrenal glands revealed significant changes between the group of patients who delivered prematurely and control groups (p < 0.01). The ideal cut-off value of the proportion of enlargement of the fetal zone as a predictor of preterm delivery before week 37 was 45.1 %, with the sensitivity of 87.5 % and specificity of 85.4 %., Conclusions: A simple 2D B-mode measurement of the fetal adrenal glands´ central zone growth can be applied as an additional marker in the prediction of true preterm delivery. The natural biometrical overall growth of the adrenal glands seems to be dependent on gestational age, whereas that of the central adrenal gland zone seems to be independent on gestational age (Tab. 3, Fig. 5, Ref. 26).

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the frequency of increased postvoiding residual volumes (PVRV) 3 days after delivery and to examine the associated risk factors., Background: Increased PVRV ‒ covert postpartum urinary retention, is an asymptomatic condition with possible long-term adverse effects. While early diagnosis and appropriate management can avoid long‑term complications, screening is not routinely performed. By identifying risk factors, we could define the group of patients suitable for screening., Material and Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out over a 3-month period at the university teaching hospital in Bratislava, Slovakia. All participants underwent ultrasound determination of PVRV while 80 ml and more on day 3 was considered pathological., Results: A total of 429 women were included in the study. The prevalence of covert post-partum urinary retention was 9.2 %. Assisted vaginal delivery (ventouse, forceps) and episiotomy were risk factors for post-partum urinary retention (18.7 % vs 6.1 %; p = 0.0053; 52.1 % vs 35.7 %; p = 0.0483; respectively)., Conclusion: Our observations confirmed the existence of PVRV of 80 ml and more on day 3 in almost 10% of women who had delivered at our clinic. The results of our study prove that instrumental delivery represents a considerable obstetrical-pediatric risk factor for PVRV. Our data support the need of adopting a risk-factor-based approach to PVRV screening as part of postpartum bladder care (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 12).

Objectives: Analyzing the clinical group to evaluate current indications for cordocenteses, their complications and data obtained in further pregnancy management., Methods: Retrospective analysis evaluated 92 cordocenteses (diagnostic and therapeutic) performed during the period of 2007‒2018. These were performed between 17 and 36 weeks of gestation under ultrasound guidance by a specialist at 2nd Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University., Results: Out of 92 procedures, 78 were diagnostic and 14 were therapeutic. The diagnostic cordocentesis was successful in 97.4 % and intrauterine therapy was successful in 85.7 %. There were 2 (2.56 %) diagnostic cordocenteses complicated by fetal demise and 2 (14 %) intrauterine demises in therapeutic cordocentesis. The pathological karyotype was detected in 14.5 %. Aneuploidia was present in 4 cases (44.4 %), mosaicism in 4 cases (44.4 %) and triploidia in one case (11.1 %)., Conclusion: Despite of novel molecular genetic technique cordocentesis still plays unreplaceable role in current prenatal diagnosis and treatment. The risk of complications of cordocentesis increases depending on the severity of fetal pathology in pathologic pregnancies. In some situations it can be used as a useful tool for original fetal diagnosis and therapy (Tab. 3, Ref. 20).

Objectives: Transvaginal polypropylene mesh implantation is one of the techniques used for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair. The surgery outcomes depend on the indication criteria used. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of the mesh implantation using the strict indication criteria., Patients and Methods: In 47 women aged 61.7±8.3 years with pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q≥2) and a history of other surgery in the pelvic region outcomes of the mesh implantation were evaluated for up to 7 years (range 1-7 years)., Results: Forty six of 47 patients (97.8%) had a successful mesh implantation (10 anterior, 22 posterior, 14 combined). Peroperative complications occurred in 3 of 47 patients (6.4%). The anatomic cure (POP-Q≤1) was achieved in 93.5% patients with mesh at 6 months after surgery. Any of the postoperative complications occurred in 16 of 46 women (34.8%). Significantly lower risk of complications was found in the group aged over 65 years compared to the younger patients (p=0.005)., Conclusion: This is the first study on the mesh implantation including women only with the history or other surgery in the pelvic region, achieving high anatomic success rate and low risk of complications. Thus, our data support the use of the strict indication criteria for this procedure (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 14).