80 results on '"Krieg C"'
Search Results
2. Complement downregulation promotes an inflammatory signature that renders colorectal cancer susceptible to immunotherapy
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Krieg, C, Weber, LM, Fosso, B, Marzano, M, Hardiman, G, Olcina, MM, Domingo, E, El Aidy, S, Mallah, K, Robinson, MD, Guglietta, S, Host-Microbe Interactions, University of Zurich, and Guglietta, Silvia
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Cancer Research ,Anaphylatoxins ,Immunology ,Down-Regulation ,Mice ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,1306 Cancer Research ,Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ,Basic tumor immunology ,Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ,Pharmacology ,Inflammation ,2403 Immunology ,Immunity, Innate ,10124 Institute of Molecular Life Sciences ,Disease Models, Animal ,3004 Pharmacology ,Oncology ,1313 Molecular Medicine ,2723 Immunology and Allergy ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Molecular Medicine ,2730 Oncology ,Disease Susceptibility ,Immunotherapy ,Colorectal Neoplasms - Abstract
Background and aimsThe role of inflammatory immune responses in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and response to therapy is a matter of intense debate. While inflammation is a known driver of CRC, inflammatory immune infiltrates are a positive prognostic factor in CRC and predispose to response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Unfortunately, over 85% of CRC cases are primarily unresponsive to ICB due to the absence of an immune infiltrate, and even the cases that show an initial immune infiltration can become refractory to ICB. The identification of therapy supportive immune responses in the field has been partially hindered by the sparsity of suitable mouse models to recapitulate the human disease. In this study, we aimed to understand how the dysregulation of the complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor (C3aR), observed in subsets of patients with CRC, affects the immune responses, the development of CRC, and response to ICB therapy.MethodsWe use a comprehensive approach encompassing analysis of publicly available human CRC datasets, inflammation-driven and newly generated spontaneous mouse models of CRC, and multiplatform high-dimensional analysis of immune responses using microbiota sequencing, RNA sequencing, and mass cytometry.ResultsWe found that patients’ regulation of the complement C3aR is associated with epigenetic modifications. Specifically, downregulation of C3ar1 in human CRC promotes a tumor microenvironment characterized by the accumulation of innate and adaptive immune cells that support antitumor immunity. In addition, in vivo studies in our newly generated mouse model revealed that the lack of C3a in the colon activates a microbiota-mediated proinflammatory program which promotes the development of tumors with an immune signature that renders them responsive to the ICB therapy.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that C3aR may act as a previously unrecognized checkpoint to enhance antitumor immunity in CRC. C3aR can thus be exploited to overcome ICB resistance in a larger group of patients with CRC.
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- 2022
3. Induction of Endogenous Virus and of Thymidine Kinase by Bromodeoxyuridine in Cell Cultures Transformed by Friend Virus
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Ostertag, W., Roesler, G., Krieg, C. J., Kind, J., Cole, T., Crozier, T., Gaedicke, G., Steinheider, G., Kluge, N., and Dube, S.
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- 1974
4. Beyond Flexible Nature: Raymond Williams after Post-Fordism
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Krieg, C. Parker
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ddc:320 ,folgt - Published
- 2021
5. A Better-Informed Citizen of North America: Environmental Memory and Frames of Justice in William T. Vollmann s Transnational Metafiction
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Krieg, C. Parker, primary
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- 2020
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6. Antropoceno carnaval: el mito y memoria cultural en 'Archipelago' de Monique Roffey
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Krieg, C. Parker
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Caribbean ,Carnaval ,Antropoceno ,Cultural memory ,Environmental science ,Literature ,Monique Roffey ,Anthropocene ,Climate change ,Cambio climático ,Literatura ,Medio ambiente ,Memoria cultural ,Caribe ,eu-repo/semantics/article [info] ,Carnival - Abstract
This essay examines the role of myth in and as cultural memory through a reading of the novel, Archipelago (2013), by the Trinidadian-British author Monique Roffey. Against conceptions of the Anthropocene as a break from the past—a break that repeats the myth of modernity—I argue that Roffey’s use of cultural memory offers a carnivalesque relation to the world in response to the narrative’s account of climate change trauma. Drawing on Bakhtin’s classic study of the carnival as an occasion for contestation and renewal, as well as Cheryl Lousely’s call for a “carnivalesque ecocriticism,” this essay expands on the recent ecocritical turn to the field of Memory Studies (Buell; Goodbody; Kennedy) to illustrate the way literature mediates between mythic and historical relations to the natural world. As literary expressions, the carnivalesque and the grotesque evoke myth and play in order to expose and transform the social myths which govern relations and administrate difference. Since literature acts as both a producer and reflector of cultural memory, this essay seeks to highlight the literary potential of myth for connecting past traumas to affirmational modes of political engagement., Este ensayo examina el papel del mito en y como memoria cultural analizando la novela Archipelago (2013), escrita por la autora trinitense-británica Monique Roffey. Frente a la idea del Antropoceno como una ruptura con el pasado—una ruptura que repite el mito de la modernidad—este trabajo argumenta que el uso de la memoria cultural de Roffey ofrece una relación carnavalesca con el mundo en respuesta al trauma del cambio climático detallado en la novela. Basando mi argumento en la teoría clásica de Bakhtin sobre el carnaval como una ocasión para la contestación y la renovación, así como la llamada de Cheryl Lousely por una “ecocrítica carnavalesca,” este ensayo amplía el reciente giro de la ecocrítica hacia el campo de los estudios de memoria (Buell; Goodbody; Kennedy) para ilustrar cómo la literatura media entre las relaciones míticas e históricas con el mundo natural. Como expresiones literarias, lo carnavalesco y lo grotesco evocan el mito y el juego para revelar y transformar los mitos sociales que gobiernan las relaciones y gestionan la diferencia. Ya que la literatura actúa tanto como productora y como espejo de la memoria cultural, este ensayo busca destacar el potencial literario del mito para conectar traumas del pasado con modos de compromiso político más afirmativos.
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- 2018
7. PS1225 NOVEL PRO-INFLAMMATORY MACROPHAGES ARE INVOLVED IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL DEVELOPMENT
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Dzierzak, E., primary, Mariani, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Rice, S., additional, Krieg, C., additional, Fragkogianni, M., additional, Vink, C.S., additional, and Pollard, J., additional
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- 2019
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8. Carnival Anthropocene: Myth and Cultural Memory in Monique Roffey's Archipelago // Antropoceno Carnaval: El mito y memoria cultural en Archipelago de Monique Roffey
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Krieg, C. Parker, primary
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- 2018
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9. ‘By Means Other Than Life’
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Krieg, C. Parker, primary
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- 2018
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10. 'By Means Other Than Life': Literature as Posthuman Memory.
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Krieg, C. Parker
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ANTHROPOLOGY ,ECOCRITICISM ,POSTHUMANISM ,FICTION ,GLOBAL Positioning System - Abstract
This essay argues that literature can help us understand posthuman dimensions of memory. Drawing on Bernard Stiegler's philosophical anthropology of technics, and from the field of cultural memory studies, this new materialist approach challenges the conception of posthumanism that describes contemporary technologies as "transcending" the human. Rather, I maintain that an immanent perspective situates the human as already existing outside of itself, "by means other than life," as Stiegler puts it. I illustrate this with two examples from postcolonial literature that model an affirmational approach to traumatic material history by way of texts. Instead of posing as detachment or transcendence, these metafictional references foreground present continuities with the past, recovering that which has been forgotten or repressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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11. An Infrastructure for the Online Presentation of Practice Guidelines Integrated into the Clinical Workflow
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Ganslandt, T., Mueller, M.L., Krieg, C., Krieglstein, C.F., Senninger, N., and Prokosch, H.-U.
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Posters - Published
- 2000
12. A record of morbidity and medical request profiles in international humanitarian aid, taking the earthquake in Bam in Iran in 2003 as an example
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Gardemann, Joachim., Krieg, C.-M., Gardemann, Joachim., and Krieg, C.-M.
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Met samenvatting in het Nederlands onder de titel Opdedane ervaringen met een morbiditeitsregistratiesysteem na de aardbeving in Bam, Iran, 2003.; Met literatuuropgave., With the humanitarian work of the International Red Cross after the earthquake in Bam, Iran, it should be noted that international and national cooperation is possible according to recognised standards and concepts, and therefore morbidity records can be included uniformly in the context of day-to-day work even in post-disaster situations. The data ascertained show changes in the disease spectrum. Basic health provision according to the primary health care concept has priority in the post-disaster response (> 6 days) to the earthquake compared to more surgically oriented medical acute aid from abroad.
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- 2009
13. Cell lineages of the embryo of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Deppe, U, Schierenberg, E, Cole, T, Krieg, C, Schmitt, D, Yoder, B, and von Ehrenstein, G
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Embryogenesis of the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans produces a juvenile having about 550 cells at hatching. We have determined the lineages of 182 cells by tracing the divisions of individual cells in living embryos. An invariant pattern of cleavage divisions of the egg generates a set of stem cells. These stem cells are the founders of six stem cell lineages. Each lineage has its own clock--i.e., an autonomous rhythm of synchronous cell divisions. The rhythms are maintained in spite of extensive cellular rearrangement. The rate and the orientation of the cell divisions of the cell lineages are essentially invariant among individuals. Thus, the destiny of cells seems to depend primarily on their lineage history. The anterior position of the site of origin of the stem cells in the egg relates to the rate of the cell cycle clock, suggesting intracellular preprogramming of the uncleaved egg. We used a technique that allows normal embryogenesis, from the fertilized egg to hatching, outside the parent under a cover glass. Embryogenesis was followed microscopically with Nomarski interference optics and high-resolution video recording.
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- 1978
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14. Interdisciplinarity
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Henrik Thorén, Michiru Nagatsu, Paula Schönach, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivonen, Reetta, Doctoral Programme in Interdisciplinary Environmental Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Staff Services, TINT – Centre for Philosophy of Social Science, and Practical Philosophy
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611 Philosophy ,1172 Environmental sciences - Abstract
Sustainability science is fundamentally an interdisciplinary venture, but what does this interdisciplinarity imply in practice? And how can, and should, we think about interdisciplinarity more generally? These are important philosophical and methodological questions for sustainability science, the answers to which remain at least partially out of sight for a variety of reasons. This chapter has three main aims. First, it provides a discussion of various dimensions of interdisciplinarity and how it can be understood from a philosophical perspective. Second, a historical perspective is assumed as well, as it introduces the history of interdisciplinarity and problem-driven science governance and some previous attempts at establishing interdisciplinary fields (ecological economics and cognitive science). And third, it provides an outline of an important strategy within sustainability science, suggesting that the focus has been on institutional reform.
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- 2021
15. Exclusion and Inequality
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Reetta Toivanen, Magdalena Kmak, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Department of Cultures, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), Area and Cultural Studies, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Centre of Excellence in Law, Identity and the European Narratives, Doctoral Programme in School, Education, Society, and Culture, Doctoral Programme in Gender, Culture, and Society, Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences, Doctoral Programme in Law, and Faculty of Law
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Non-discrimination ,6160 Other humanities ,13. Climate action ,Legal anthropology ,513 Law ,5143 Social and cultural anthropology ,etnologia ,human rights ,minorities ,kulttuurintutkimus - Abstract
Within sustainability science, there are questions pertaining to how certain actions for guaranteeing a good life for one part of the population can even result in catastrophic consequences to another. The global holistic view that would address all inequalities and exclusions is one of the greatest challenges of today. In this chapter, we will elaborate on two central concepts of sustainability science that are particularly relevant to facing these challenges: inequality in access to power and exclusion from positions of power. These are both very visible acts of exclusion, often hidden in the very grain of society’s structure in a manner that makes them almost impossible to study and change. Inequality and exclusion are cultural constructions of power, and it is important to see how these influence practical actions and institutional (hidden) practices. The practices locate certain individuals or groups of people in a more disadvantaged position than others and naturalize these inequalities with a set of actions and explanations. This chapter will present the operation of these practices with two concrete, situated examples of migrants with irregular status in the European Union and the Roma minority in Finland.
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- 2021
16. Introduction
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Krieg, Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Department of Cultures, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), Area and Cultural Studies, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Centre of Excellence in Law, Identity and the European Narratives, Doctoral Programme in School, Education, Society, and Culture, Doctoral Programme in Gender, Culture, and Society, Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences, and Doctoral Programme in Law
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6122 Literature studies ,513 Law ,5143 Social and cultural anthropology ,5200 Other social sciences - Abstract
Sustainability is not an object in itself but rather a quality that describes the durability of practices over time, and the mobilization and use of material beings as resources to support those practices. Sustainability enjoys a visibility that few other ideas today can claim. At times it serves as an implicit critique of society. At others it serves to greenwash actions that only displace the site of extraction, or that defer the inevitable transformation of useful objects into waste. For example, new consumption practices may serve as harm reduction. Yet unless attached to changes in the broader relationships of production, distribution, and exchange, and at scales that are appropriate to the reproduction of those relationships, new consumer trends may themselves wind up in the dustbin of discarded fashion. As a concept, sustainability has proven itself amid fluctuations in the market of ideas and has achieved a degree of durability as it bridges disciplines under the heading of a science. Part of the success of sustainability (as a concept, institutional discipline, NGO mission, or development goal) lies in the publication of books like this one, which seeks to trace and describe the uses of sustainability and its related concepts across the various contexts in which it hopes to intervene. Situating Sustainability: A Handbook of Contexts and Concepts, introduces readers to contemporary problem-sites and conceptual approaches of sustainability studies.
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- 2021
17. Human Rights
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Reetta Toivanen, Dorothee Cambou, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Department of Cultures, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), Area and Cultural Studies, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Centre of Excellence in Law, Identity and the European Narratives, and Faculty of Law
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6160 Other humanities ,Human Rights ,513 Law ,International Law ,5143 Social and cultural anthropology ,16. Peace & justice ,Indigenous rights - Abstract
Human rights are among the key concepts of sustainability science because they constitute the basis for sustainable well-being in any given society. Human rights form an understanding of a world in which individuals and peoples can trust in justice and claim rights by virtue of being human. The idea of an international human rights law is that it is not up to a specific government to decide how it treats individuals and peoples living in its territory. Thus, human rights form a discourse of emancipation with a universal outreach. They are essential to achieve sustainable development as specified inthe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which indicates that the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is based on human rights. However, there are some tensions that continue to oppose SDGs to human rights. This is partly the case in relation to the rights of Indigenous peoples, an issue that will be further explicated in this contribution with regard to the situation of the Indigenous Sámi people. This chapter elaborates on the concept of human rights from the perspective of sustainability sciences. It explores human rights as a concept of law and as a concept of global politics, and it analyzes its differing functions depending on the contexts in which it is applied. This contribution considers the recent interconnections of human rights with the issues raised by sustainable development and the rights of Indigenous peoples.
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- 2021
18. Extractivisms
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Sophia Elizabeth Hagolani-Albov, Barry Gills, Markus Kröger, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen , Reetta, Global Development Studies, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Doctoral Programme in Interdisciplinary Environmental Sciences, Doctoral Programme in Political, Societal and Regional Change, and The Global Extractivisms and Alternatives Initiative
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5203 Global Development Studies ,13. Climate action ,11. Sustainability ,15. Life on land ,1172 Environmental sciences ,12. Responsible consumption - Abstract
Unsustainable extraction of natural resources has come under increasing criticism since the 2000s, as global commodity prices have risen, and new waves of land grabbing and investing have put resource politics in the limelight of global development. The concept of extractivism has been gaining scholarly and policy relevance and is becoming more widely used as an organizing concept to explore a range of unsustainable practices. The study of extractivism and its impacts extends to the deeper historical and structural features that underlie unsustainable practices, including economic models and ideologies. The concept of extractivism is useful for highlighting the deeper and systemic roots of unsustainability. The phenomena surrounding resistance to extractivism are highly useful for understanding the often-overlooked struggles of local communities. It is through such local struggles that communities may pursue more sustainable land-use practices, and more just socio-ecological conditions. This resistance often involves a deep critique and rethinking of the ways of understanding and conceptualizing nature, through which alternatives to extractivism, as a basis for sustainability, can be developed.
- Published
- 2021
19. Education
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Veintie, Tuija, Hohenthal, Johanna, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), and Global Development Studies
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516 Educational sciences ,1172 Environmental sciences - Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goal on quality education aims to ensure that everyone learns the knowledge and skills necessary for promoting sustainable development and lifestyles, and global citizenship (UN 2015). This chapter begins with an introduction to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), Global Citizenship Education (GCED), and Education for Sustainability (EfS). The chapter then discusses how sustainability is framed locally within national educational policies in two different contexts. First, it examines the buen vivir (good living) principle in the context of Intercultural Bilingual Education in the Latin American plurinational, pluricultural, and multiethnic state of Ecuador. Second, it discusses how global issues and sustainability are included in the national curriculum in the Northern European welfare state of Finland. Based on these two examples, the article claims that both in Ecuador and in Finland, education is seen as a vehicle for social transformation toward more sustainable futures while the understanding of sustainability is shaped rather differently in these two contexts. Moreover, both cases exemplify the need for more critical perspectives toward global inequalities and power relations within education to foster alternative development paths.
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- 2021
20. Governance
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Niko Soininen, Elisa Pascucci, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Department of Cultures, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), and Centre of Excellence in Law, Identity and the European Narratives
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education ,5171 Political Science ,1172 Environmental sciences - Abstract
This chapter focuses on manifestations of emerging ‘polycentric and plural governance’. It draws on examples from international forced migration and city-scale climate mitigation to illustrate developments in governance structures that operate beyond the traditional nation-state.
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- 2021
21. Heritage Naturecultures
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Suzie Thomas, Xenia Zeiler, Charles Krieg, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Helsinki Institute of Urban and Regional Studies (Urbaria), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Department of Cultures, and Asian Studies
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History ,education ,Art ,1172 Environmental sciences - Abstract
This chapter considers the threats posed to heritage sites by anthropogenic change. Anthropocene changes confront researchers and communities alike with a collapse in distinctions between cultural and natural heritage. Examples include a recent novel, the climate strategy of the US National Parks, the material memory of the Lapland War in northern Finland, and intangible landscapes in South Asian video games that offer players an immersive encounter with aerial species (e.g. birds, insects) and mythological beings.
- Published
- 2021
22. Nuclear Awareness
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Inna Sukhenko, Viktor Pal, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Department of Cultures, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), and Helsinki Institute of Urban and Regional Studies (Urbaria)
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6160 Other humanities ,Energy Humanities ,education ,16. Peace & justice - Abstract
This chapter draws attention to the concept of nuclear awareness that arose in the wake of the nuclear catastrophes. It highlights epistemic and political stakes: the almost unimaginable timetables of nuclear energy (extraction and waste) on one hand, and the threat of instantaneous destruction on the other. The chapter emphasizes nuclear awareness as a critical assertion of nuclear energy and its societal impact and as a trigger of critical thinking of nuclear technology, nuclear power production, nuclear agenda, as well as their challenges and opportunities involved. The chapter analyzes the tools of narrating the Chernobyl disaster in the contemporary nuclear fiction, regarded as a archive of the nuclear Anthropocene and a case of nuclear knowledge management.
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- 2021
23. Traditional Ecological Knowledge
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Corinna Casi, Hanna Ellen Guttorm, Pirjo Kristiina Virtanen, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Doctoral Programme in Philosophy, Arts, and Society, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Arts, Indigenous Studies, Department of World Cultures 2010-2017, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), and The Global Extractivisms and Alternatives Initiative
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6160 Other humanities ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,13. Climate action ,15. Life on land ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,1172 Environmental sciences ,5202 Economic and Social History ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) refers to a body of knowledge, practices, and ideas transmitted and (re)generated orally and non-verbally in diverse forms from generation to generation. It is constantly changing and being updated. TEK is rich among several communities, but we will situate our cases in the Amazonian and Arctic Indigenous contexts. We will also discuss the limits of TEK in sustainability science, which include its truth-value and legitimacy. As it originates from different traditions, experiences, and language structures, it is challenging to systematize. Recently, however, TEK has been recognized in a more inclusive way, and traditional knowledge holders have been taken as collaborators to scientific projects. Therefore, various local communities have been able to contribute to science with their views and knowledge of the social history and presence of specific places, which are rapidly changing due to climate change and global warming. This has also offered better-situated and multidimensional understandings of complex and dynamic ecosystems. The inclusion of TEK can thus bring better-informed results, improve our understanding of environmental situations, and eventually contribute to greater sustainability.
- Published
- 2021
24. Scales
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Minoia, Paola, Mölkänen, Jenni, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Global Development Studies, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Doctoral Programme in Interdisciplinary Environmental Sciences, Doctoral Programme in Political, Societal and Regional Change, Department of Cultures, Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences, and The Global Extractivisms and Alternatives Initiative
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5171 Political Science ,1172 Environmental sciences - Abstract
This contribution will focus on the politics of scales: traditionally conceived, by the positivist science, as hierarchical relational levels that vary from the dimension of the human body to the global, they are studied by post structural interpretations in terms of multiscalarity, processual rescaling, ideological constructions, and contextual pathways for democratic, just and sustainable transformations. This chapter focuses on two cases: a) on rescaling strategies played by indigenous organizations in Ecuador in relation to the central powers, to affirm the plurinational identity of the state; and b) on standard scales in natural conservation and creation of a natural park and kinship scale based on the notion of ancestral lands, tanindrazana, of the Tsimihety, main ethnic group in rural Northeast Madagascar. Politics of scales informs sustainability science to focus carefully on peoples’ institutions, territories, and territorialities as contingent levels of power interactions.
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- 2021
25. Anthropocene Conjunctures
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Charles Krieg, Paola Minoia, Toivanen, Reetta, Krieg, C. Parker, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Global Development Studies, Doctoral Programme in Political, Societal and Regional Change, Doctoral Programme in Interdisciplinary Environmental Sciences, and The Global Extractivisms and Alternatives Initiative
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1172 Environmental sciences - Abstract
The Anthropocene is the proposed name for a new geologic era in which humans are held to be a defining agent of planetary history. Largely the effect of fossil fuel use in industrial societies, this periodization has itself generated a minor academic industry of publications and theoretical formulations that have alternately challenged and reinforced disciplinary perspectives. In light of this, this chapter argues for a conjunctural approach to the Anthropocene concept, one that focuses on understanding its ‘meaning’ in relation to the political, geographical, ecological, economic, and institutional contexts where it is deployed. It draws on two examples, one from an ‘ecomodernist’ institute located in California, another from the indigenous Kichwa people of Ecuador.
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- 2021
26. Situating Sustainability
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Krieg, C. Parker and Toivanen, Reetta
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Sustainable governance ,Art and literature ,Traditional ecological knowledge ,SDGs and Human rights ,Environmental wellbeing ,Sustainability science ,bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ,bic Book Industry Communication::L Law ,bic Book Industry Communication::D Literature & literary studies ,bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability - Abstract
Situating Sustainability reframes our understanding of sustainability through an emerging international terrain of concepts and case studies. These approaches include material practices, such as extraction and disaster recovery, and extend into the domains of human rights and education. This volume addresses the need in sustainability science to recognize the deep and diverse cultural histories that define environmental politics. It brings together scholars from cultural studies, anthropology, literature, law, behavioral science, urban studies, design, and development to argue that it is no longer possible to talk about sustainability in general without thinking through the contexts of research and action. These contributors are joined by artists whose public-facing work provides a mobile platform to conduct research at the edges of performance, knowledge production, and socio-ecological infrastructures. Situating Sustainability calls for a truly transdisciplinary research that is guided by the humanities and social sciences in collaboration with local actors informed by histories of place. Designed for students, scholars, and interested readers, the volume introduces the conceptual practices that inform the leading edge of engaged research in sustainability.
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- 2021
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27. Disaster Recovery (after Catastrophes)
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Shyam Gadhavi, Marjaana Jauhola, Jacquleen Joseph, Niti Mishra, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), Global Development Studies, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Doctoral Programme in Gender, Culture, and Society, and Doctoral Programme in Political, Societal and Regional Change
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5203 Global Development Studies ,Forensic engineering ,Disaster recovery ,Business ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
This chapter examines approaches to disaster response critically. It compares ‘owner-driven’ and ‘community-ownership’ approaches to recovery policy taken by two different cities in the Indian state of Gujarat following the devastating 2001 Gujarat earthquake. Each model recognizes a different compositional context of agents, temporalities, and effects, thus producing different outcomes in the lives of individuals and communities.
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- 2021
28. Eco-anxiety
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Pihkala, Panu, Parker Krieg, C., Toivanen, Reetta, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), and Faculty of Theology
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kestävä kehitys ,education ,1172 Environmental sciences - Published
- 2021
29. Agroecological Symbiosis
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Hanna L. Tuomisto, Sophia Elizabeth Hagolani-Albov, Rachel Mazac, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivanen, Reetta, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Plant Production Sciences, Future Sustainable Food Systems, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Global Development Studies, and The Global Extractivisms and Alternatives Initiative
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2. Zero hunger ,416 Food Science ,13. Climate action ,11. Sustainability ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,15. Life on land ,1172 Environmental sciences ,12. Responsible consumption ,4111 Agronomy - Abstract
Food systems present a nexus of challenges and potential solutions to the unsustainable global crises of the Anthropocene. Most of humanity interacts with multiple food systems as a result of being involved in our highly globalized, extractivist, and productivist paradigm. This chapter explores Agroecological Symbiosis as a situated example of a food-system (re)design aimed at fostering sustainable interactions from environmental, economic, and sociocultural perspectives. This chapter contributes to our understanding of sustainability through the many emergent and interconnected elements of food systems. We ground the theoretical enquiry in lived experience by drawing parallels to the real world case example of Agroecological Symbiosis. In light of the complexity and interconnectedness of food systems, careful contextualization is needed to enact meaningful sustainable transitions in food systems. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to food systems (re)design, and a variety of actions along the whole food system are required.
- Published
- 2021
30. Resilience in ecology and sustainability science
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Thoren, Henrik, Krieg, C. Parker, Toivonen, Reetta, Practical Philosophy, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS)
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education ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,1172 Environmental sciences - Published
- 2021
31. Improving radiotherapy in immunosuppressive microenvironments by targeting complement receptor C5aR1.
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Beach C, MacLean D, Majorova D, Melemenidis S, Nambiar DK, Kim RK, Valbuena GN, Guglietta S, Krieg C, Darvish-Damavandi M, Suwa T, Easton A, Hillson LV, McCulloch AK, McMahon RK, Pennel K, Edwards J, O'Cathail SM, Roxburgh CS, Domingo E, Moon EJ, Jiang D, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Koong AC, Woodruff TM, Graves EE, Maughan T, Buczacki SJ, Stucki M, Le QT, Leedham SJ, Giaccia AJ, and Olcina MM
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- Humans, Animals, Mice, Tumor Microenvironment immunology, Neoplasms radiotherapy, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms metabolism, Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a metabolism, Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a immunology, Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a genetics
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- 2024
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32. Improving radiotherapy in immunosuppressive microenvironments by targeting complement receptor C5aR1.
- Author
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Beach C, MacLean D, Majorova D, Melemenidis S, Nambiar DK, Kim RK, Valbuena GN, Guglietta S, Krieg C, Darvish-Damavandi M, Suwa T, Easton A, Hillson LV, McCulloch AK, McMahon RK, Pennel K, Edwards J, O'Cathail SM, Roxburgh CS, Domingo E, Moon EJ, Jiang D, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Koong AC, Woodruff TM, Graves EE, Maughan T, Buczacki SJ, Stucki M, Le QT, Leedham SJ, Giaccia AJ, and Olcina MM
- Subjects
- Humans, Complement C5a genetics, Receptors, Complement genetics
- Abstract
An immunosuppressive microenvironment causes poor tumor T cell infiltration and is associated with reduced patient overall survival in colorectal cancer. How to improve treatment responses in these tumors is still a challenge. Using an integrated screening approach to identify cancer-specific vulnerabilities, we identified complement receptor C5aR1 as a druggable target, which when inhibited improved radiotherapy, even in tumors displaying immunosuppressive features and poor CD8+ T cell infiltration. While C5aR1 is well-known for its role in the immune compartment, we found that C5aR1 is also robustly expressed on malignant epithelial cells, highlighting potential tumor cell-specific functions. C5aR1 targeting resulted in increased NF-κB-dependent apoptosis specifically in tumors and not normal tissues, indicating that, in malignant cells, C5aR1 primarily regulated cell fate. Collectively, these data revealed that increased complement gene expression is part of the stress response mounted by irradiated tumors and that targeting C5aR1 could improve radiotherapy, even in tumors displaying immunosuppressive features.
- Published
- 2023
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33. Evaluation of antibody-based single cell type imaging techniques coupled to multiplexed imaging of N-glycans and collagen peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging.
- Author
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Dunne J, Griner J, Romeo M, Macdonald J, Krieg C, Lim M, Yagnik G, Rothschild KJ, Drake RR, Mehta AS, and Angel PM
- Subjects
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods, Peptides analysis, Collagen, Lasers, Antibodies, Polysaccharides analysis
- Abstract
The integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) with single cell spatial omics methods allows for a comprehensive investigation of single cell spatial information and matrisomal N-glycan and extracellular matrix protein imaging. Here, the performance of the antibody-directed single cell workflows coupled with MALDI-MSI are evaluated. Miralys™ photocleavable mass-tagged antibody probes (MALDI-IHC, AmberGen, Inc.), GeoMx DSP® (NanoString, Inc.), and Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC, Standard BioTools Inc.) were used in series with MALDI-MSI of N-glycans and extracellular matrix peptides on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Single cell omics protocols were performed before and after MALDI-MSI. The data suggests that for each modality combination, there is an optimal order for performing both techniques on the same tissue section. An overall conclusion is that MALDI-MSI studies may be completed on the same tissue section as used for antibody-directed single cell modalities. This work increases access to combined cellular and extracellular information within the tissue microenvironment to enhance research on the pathological origins of disease., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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34. Mass cytometric analysis of the immune cell landscape after traumatic brain injury elucidates the role of complement and complement receptors in neurologic outcomes.
- Author
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Toutonji A, Krieg C, Borucki DM, Mandava M, Guglietta S, and Tomlinson S
- Subjects
- Humans, Receptors, Complement, Complement System Proteins, Brain, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Brain Injuries
- Abstract
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), a neuroinflammatory response can persist for years and contribute to the development of chronic neurological manifestations. Complement plays a central role in post-TBI neuroinflammation, and C3 opsonins and the anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) have been implicated in promoting secondary injury. We used single cell mass cytometry to characterize the immune cell landscape of the brain at different time points after TBI. To specifically investigate how complement shapes the post-TBI immune cell landscape, we analyzed TBI brains in the context of CR2-Crry treatment, an inhibitor of C3 activation. We analyzed 13 immune cell types, including peripheral and brain resident cells, and assessed expression of various receptors. TBI modulated the expression of phagocytic and complement receptors on both brain resident and infiltrating peripheral immune cells, and distinct functional clusters were identified within same cell populations that emerge at different phases after TBI. In particular, a CD11c+ (CR4) microglia subpopulation continued to expand over 28 days after injury, and was the only receptor to show continuous increase over time. Complement inhibition affected the abundance of brain resident immune cells in the injured hemisphere and impacted the expression of functional receptors on infiltrating cells. A role for C5a has also been indicated in models of brain injury, and we found significant upregulation of C5aR1 on many immune cell types after TBI. However, we demonstrated experimentally that while C5aR1 is involved in the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain after injury, it does not alone affect histological or behavioral outcomes. However, CR2-Crry improved post-TBI outcomes and reduced resident immune cell populations, as well as complement and phagocytic receptor expression, indicating that its neuroprotective effects are mediated upstream of C5a generation, likely via modulating C3 opsonization and complement receptor expression., (© 2023. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)
- Published
- 2023
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35. Adapting Group CBT-I for Telehealth-to-Home With Military Veterans in Primary Care.
- Author
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Arizmendi BJ, Gress-Smith JL, Krieg C, and Waddell J
- Subjects
- Humans, Treatment Outcome, Primary Health Care, Veterans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Telemedicine
- Abstract
Utilization of telehealth modalities to provide cognitive and behavioral therapies is rapidly increasing. Limitations to access to care can prohibit individuals from getting the care they need, especially evidence-based treatments. In the U.S., Veterans are a population in great need of accessible and high-quality evidence-based psychotherapy for insomnia, as it often co-occurs with other common syndromes such as depression and PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) offers effective treatment for insomnia and can be delivered via telehealth and in a group format to greatly increase availability and accessibility. To date, however, few programs exist offering telehealth-to-home CBT-I, fewer still are offered in a primary care setting, and none to our knowledge are offered in group format. We examine the feasibility and efficacy of a fully telehealth-to-home (TTH) group CBT-I pilot program in primary care and compare primary outcomes to those seen in a face-to-face (F2F) format as well as meta-analytic studies of group CBT-I. Primary endpoints, as typically defined such as sleep efficiency (SE) and scores on the insomnia severity index (ISI) appear comparable to those seen in F2F groups in our clinic, and to outcomes seen in the literature. We discuss challenges and strategies for successful implementation of such a program in integrated primary care to increase access and availability of this evidence-based treatment.
- Published
- 2023
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36. Complement downregulation promotes an inflammatory signature that renders colorectal cancer susceptible to immunotherapy.
- Author
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Krieg C, Weber LM, Fosso B, Marzano M, Hardiman G, Olcina MM, Domingo E, El Aidy S, Mallah K, Robinson MD, and Guglietta S
- Subjects
- Anaphylatoxins, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Susceptibility, Down-Regulation, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Immunotherapy methods, Inflammation pathology, Mice, Tumor Microenvironment, Colorectal Neoplasms drug therapy, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
- Abstract
Background and Aims: The role of inflammatory immune responses in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and response to therapy is a matter of intense debate. While inflammation is a known driver of CRC, inflammatory immune infiltrates are a positive prognostic factor in CRC and predispose to response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Unfortunately, over 85% of CRC cases are primarily unresponsive to ICB due to the absence of an immune infiltrate, and even the cases that show an initial immune infiltration can become refractory to ICB. The identification of therapy supportive immune responses in the field has been partially hindered by the sparsity of suitable mouse models to recapitulate the human disease. In this study, we aimed to understand how the dysregulation of the complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor (C3aR), observed in subsets of patients with CRC, affects the immune responses, the development of CRC, and response to ICB therapy., Methods: We use a comprehensive approach encompassing analysis of publicly available human CRC datasets, inflammation-driven and newly generated spontaneous mouse models of CRC, and multiplatform high-dimensional analysis of immune responses using microbiota sequencing, RNA sequencing, and mass cytometry., Results: We found that patients' regulation of the complement C3aR is associated with epigenetic modifications. Specifically, downregulation of C3ar1 in human CRC promotes a tumor microenvironment characterized by the accumulation of innate and adaptive immune cells that support antitumor immunity. In addition, in vivo studies in our newly generated mouse model revealed that the lack of C3a in the colon activates a microbiota-mediated proinflammatory program which promotes the development of tumors with an immune signature that renders them responsive to the ICB therapy., Conclusions: Our findings reveal that C3aR may act as a previously unrecognized checkpoint to enhance antitumor immunity in CRC. C3aR can thus be exploited to overcome ICB resistance in a larger group of patients with CRC., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2022
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37. Noncanonical activation of GLI signaling in SOX2 + cells drives medulloblastoma relapse.
- Author
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Swiderska-Syn M, Mir-Pedrol J, Oles A, Schleuger O, Salvador AD, Greiner SM, Seward C, Yang F, Babcock BR, Shen C, Wynn DT, Sanchez-Mejias A, Gershon TR, Martin V, McCrea HJ, Lindsey KG, Krieg C, and Rodriguez-Blanco J
- Subjects
- Child, Hedgehog Proteins metabolism, Humans, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, SOXB1 Transcription Factors genetics, SOXB1 Transcription Factors metabolism, Signal Transduction, Zinc Finger Protein GLI1 metabolism, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebellar Neoplasms genetics, Medulloblastoma genetics, Medulloblastoma pathology
- Abstract
SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2)-labeled cells play key roles in chemoresistance and tumor relapse; thus, it is critical to elucidate the mechanisms propagating them. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, medulloblastoma (MB), revealed the existence of astrocytic Sox2
+ cells expressing sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling biomarkers. Treatment with vismodegib, an SHH inhibitor that acts on Smoothened (Smo), led to increases in astrocyte-like Sox2+ cells. Using SOX2-enriched MB cultures, we observed that SOX2+ cells required SHH signaling to propagate, and unlike in the proliferative tumor bulk, the SHH pathway was activated in these cells downstream of Smo in an MYC-dependent manner. Functionally different GLI inhibitors depleted vismodegib-resistant SOX2+ cells from MB tissues, reduced their ability to further engraft in vivo, and increased symptom-free survival. Our results emphasize the promise of therapies targeting GLI to deplete SOX2+ cells and provide stable tumor remission.- Published
- 2022
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38. Response and recurrence correlates in individuals treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy for resectable oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
- Author
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Liu S, Knochelmann HM, Lomeli SH, Hong A, Richardson M, Yang Z, Lim RJ, Wang Y, Dumitras C, Krysan K, Timmers C, Romeo MJ, Krieg C, O'Quinn EC, Horton JD, Dubinett SM, Paulos CM, Neskey DM, and Lo RS
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological therapeutic use, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell genetics, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell immunology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell surgery, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 genetics, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 immunology, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors therapeutic use, Janus Kinase 2 genetics, Janus Kinase 2 immunology, Mouth Neoplasms genetics, Mouth Neoplasms immunology, Mouth Neoplasms surgery, Mutation, Neoadjuvant Therapy methods, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local genetics, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local immunology, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local surgery, PTEN Phosphohydrolase genetics, PTEN Phosphohydrolase immunology, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor antagonists & inhibitors, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor immunology, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta genetics, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta immunology, Survival Analysis, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory drug effects, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory pathology, Th17 Cells drug effects, Th17 Cells immunology, Th17 Cells pathology, Treatment Outcome, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 immunology, YAP-Signaling Proteins genetics, YAP-Signaling Proteins immunology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell drug therapy, Mouth Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local drug therapy, Nivolumab therapeutic use, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor genetics, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 genetics
- Abstract
Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade may be efficacious in some individuals with high-risk, resectable oral cavity head and neck cancer. To explore correlates of response patterns to neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment and post-surgical recurrences, we analyzed longitudinal tumor and blood samples in a cohort of 12 individuals displaying 33% responsiveness. Pretreatment tumor-based detection of FLT4 mutations and PTEN signature enrichment favors response, and high tumor mutational burden improves recurrence-free survival. In contrast, preexisting and/or acquired mutations (in CDKN2A , YAP1 , or JAK2 ) correlate with innate resistance and/or tumor recurrence. Immunologically, tumor response after therapy entails T cell receptor repertoire diversification in peripheral blood and intratumoral expansion of preexisting T cell clones. A high ratio of regulatory T to T helper 17 cells in pretreatment blood predicts low T cell receptor repertoire diversity in pretreatment blood, a low cytolytic T cell signature in pretreatment tumors, and innate resistance. Our study provides a molecular framework to advance neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy for individuals with resectable head and neck cancer., Competing Interests: R.S.L. receives research or clinical trial support from Merck, Pfizer, BMS, and OncoSec. C.M.P. is a co-founder of Ares Immunotherapy., (© 2021 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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39. High Throughput Multi-Omics Approaches for Clinical Trial Evaluation and Drug Discovery.
- Author
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Zielinski JM, Luke JJ, Guglietta S, and Krieg C
- Subjects
- Biomarkers, Genomics methods, Humans, Metabolomics methods, Proteomics methods, Drug Discovery methods, Flow Cytometry methods, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Single-Cell Analysis methods
- Abstract
High throughput single cell multi-omics platforms, such as mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight; CyTOF), high dimensional imaging (>6 marker; Hyperion, MIBIscope, CODEX, MACSima) and the recently evolved genomic cytometry (Citeseq or REAPseq) have enabled unprecedented insights into many biological and clinical questions, such as hematopoiesis, transplantation, cancer, and autoimmunity. In synergy with constantly adapting new single-cell analysis approaches and subsequent accumulating big data collections from these platforms, whole atlases of cell types and cellular and sub-cellular interaction networks are created. These atlases build an ideal scientific discovery environment for reference and data mining approaches, which often times reveals new cellular disease networks. In this review we will discuss how combinations and fusions of different -omic workflows on a single cell level can be used to examine cellular phenotypes, immune effector functions, and even dynamic changes, such as metabolomic state of different cells in a sample or even in a defined tissue location. We will touch on how pre-print platforms help in optimization and reproducibility of workflows, as well as community outreach. We will also shortly discuss how leveraging single cell multi-omic approaches can be used to accelerate cellular biomarker discovery during clinical trials to predict response to therapy, follow responsive cell types, and define novel druggable target pathways. Single cell proteome approaches already have changed how we explore cellular mechanism in disease and during therapy. Current challenges in the field are how we share these disruptive technologies to the scientific communities while still including new approaches, such as genomic cytometry and single cell metabolomics., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Zielinski, Luke, Guglietta and Krieg.)
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
40. IL6 Fuels Durable Memory for Th17 Cell-Mediated Responses to Tumors.
- Author
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Knochelmann HM, Dwyer CJ, Smith AS, Bowers JS, Wyatt MM, Nelson MH, Rangel Rivera GO, Horton JD, Krieg C, Armeson K, Lesinski GB, Rubinstein MP, Li Z, and Paulos CM
- Subjects
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy, Cytokines, Humans, Interleukin-6, Neoplasms therapy, Th17 Cells
- Abstract
The accessibility of adoptive T-cell transfer therapies (ACT) is hindered by the cost and time required for product development. Here we describe a streamlined ACT protocol using Th17 cells expanded only 4 days ex vivo . While shortening expansion compromised cell yield, this method licensed Th17 cells to eradicate large tumors to a greater extent than cells expanded longer term. Day 4 Th17 cells engrafted, induced release of multiple cytokines including IL6, IL17, MCP-1, and GM-CSF in the tumor-bearing host, and persisted as memory cells. IL6 was a critical component for efficacy of these therapies via its promotion of long-term immunity and resistance to tumor relapse. Mechanistically, IL6 diminished engraftment of FoxP3
+ donor T cells, corresponding with robust tumor infiltration by donor effector over regulatory cells for the Day 4 Th17 cell product relative to cell products expanded longer durations ex vivo . Collectively, this work describes a method to rapidly generate therapeutic T-cell products for ACT and implicates IL6 in promoting durable immunity of Th17 cells against large, established solid tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: An abbreviated, 4-day ex vivo expansion method licenses Th17 cells to confer long-lived immunity against solid malignancies via induction of systemic IL6 in the host. See related commentary by Fiering and Ho, p. 3795 ., (©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.)- Published
- 2020
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41. The French adaptation and validation of the Partners in Health (PIH) scale among patients with chronic conditions seen in primary care.
- Author
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Hudon É, Chouinard MC, Krieg C, Lambert M, Joober H, Lawn S, Smith D, Lambert S, and Hudon C
- Subjects
- Female, France, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Self Report, Surveys and Questionnaires, Chronic Disease prevention & control, Language, Psychometrics, Self Efficacy, Translations
- Abstract
Objective: Measuring self-management helps identify the degree of participation of people in the management of their chronic conditions and guides clinicians in determining person-centred priorities for providing support. The Partners in Health scale, a self-report generic questionnaire, was developed to capture the self-management of patients with chronic conditions. This study aimed to translate the Partners in Health scale into French and to examine its psychometric properties in French-speaking people with chronic conditions followed in primary care., Methods: The Partners in Health scale was translated into French using Hawkins and Osborne's method (2012). Content validity was evaluated through cognitive interviews (Think Aloud Method). Internal consistency was measured at baseline with Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability was evaluated at baseline and two weeks later using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Concurrent validity was measured at baseline with the Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (SEM-CD) and the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), using Spearman correlations., Results: Cognitive interviews were conducted with 10 participants. During these interviews, most items were clearly understood and accepted as formulated; only a few terms were modified. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the French-language version of the Partners in Health scale, 168 participants (male = 34.5%; mean age = 58 years; mean number of chronic conditions = 4.1) completed the questionnaire at baseline and 47 of them completed the questionnaire two weeks later by telephone. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.81-0.88). The intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.87). Concurrent validity with spearman's coefficient correlation of Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease and Patient Activation Measure was 0.68 and 0.61 respectively., Conclusion: The French-language version of the Partners in Health scale is a reliable and valid questionnaire for the measure of self-management in persons with chronic conditions seen in primary care., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
42. GM-CSF and CXCR4 define a T helper cell signature in multiple sclerosis.
- Author
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Galli E, Hartmann FJ, Schreiner B, Ingelfinger F, Arvaniti E, Diebold M, Mrdjen D, van der Meer F, Krieg C, Nimer FA, Sanderson N, Stadelmann C, Khademi M, Piehl F, Claassen M, Derfuss T, Olsson T, and Becher B
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Cytokines biosynthesis, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Multiple Sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor biosynthesis, Multiple Sclerosis immunology, Receptors, CXCR4 biosynthesis, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer immunology
- Abstract
Cytokine dysregulation is a central driver of chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we sought to determine the characteristic cellular and cytokine polarization profile in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). Using a combination of neural network-based representation learning algorithms, we identified an expanded T helper cell subset in patients with MS, characterized by the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4. This cellular signature, which includes expression of very late antigen 4 in peripheral blood, was also enriched in the central nervous system of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In independent validation cohorts, we confirmed that this cell population is increased in patients with MS compared with other inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. Lastly, we also found the population to be reduced under effective disease-modifying therapy, suggesting that the identified T cell profile represents a specific therapeutic target in MS.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Pro-inflammatory Aorta-Associated Macrophages Are Involved in Embryonic Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cells.
- Author
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Mariani SA, Li Z, Rice S, Krieg C, Fragkogianni S, Robinson M, Vink CS, Pollard JW, and Dzierzak E
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomarkers, Endothelial Cells cytology, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Immunophenotyping, Inflammation etiology, Inflammation metabolism, Macrophages cytology, Macrophages immunology, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Myeloid Cells cytology, Myeloid Cells metabolism, Cell Differentiation, Embryonic Development, Hematopoietic Stem Cells cytology, Hematopoietic Stem Cells metabolism, Macrophages metabolism
- Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generated from specialized endothelial cells of the embryonic aorta. Inflammatory factors are implicated in regulating mouse HSC development, but which cells in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) microenvironment produce these factors is unknown. In the adult, macrophages play both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles. We sought to examine whether macrophages or other hematopoietic cells found in the embryo prior to HSC generation were involved in the AGM HSC-generative microenvironment. CyTOF analysis of CD45
+ AGM cells revealed predominance of two hematopoietic cell types, mannose-receptor positive macrophages and mannose-receptor negative myeloid cells. We show here that macrophage appearance in the AGM was dependent on the chemokine receptor Cx3cr1. These macrophages expressed a pro-inflammatory signature, localized to the aorta, and dynamically interacted with nascent and emerging intra-aortic hematopoietic cells (IAHCs). Importantly, upon macrophage depletion, no adult-repopulating HSCs were detected, thus implicating a role for pro-inflammatory AGM-associated macrophages in regulating the development of HSCs., (Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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44. Deciphering myeloid-derived suppressor cells: isolation and markers in humans, mice and non-human primates.
- Author
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Cassetta L, Baekkevold ES, Brandau S, Bujko A, Cassatella MA, Dorhoi A, Krieg C, Lin A, Loré K, Marini O, Pollard JW, Roussel M, Scapini P, Umansky V, and Adema GJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomarkers, Cell Separation methods, Humans, Immunophenotyping methods, Mice, Neutrophils immunology, Neutrophils metabolism, Primates, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells immunology, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells metabolism
- Abstract
In cancer, infection and inflammation, the immune system's function can be dysregulated. Instead of fighting disease, immune cells may increase pathology and suppress host-protective immune responses. Myeloid cells show high plasticity and adapt to changing conditions and pathological challenges. Despite their relevance in disease pathophysiology, the identity, heterogeneity and biology of myeloid cells is still poorly understood. We will focus on phenotypical and functional markers of one of the key myeloid regulatory subtypes, the myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), in humans, mice and non-human primates. Technical issues regarding the isolation of the cells from tissues and blood, timing and sample handling of MDSC will be detailed. Localization of MDSC in a tissue context is of crucial importance and immunohistochemistry approaches for this purpose are discussed. A minimal antibody panel for MDSC research is provided as part of the Mye-EUNITER COST action. Strategies for the identification of additional markers applying state of the art technologies such as mass cytometry will be highlighted. Such marker sets can be used to study MDSC phenotypes across tissues, diseases as well as species and will be crucial to accelerate MDSC research in health and disease.
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
45. Targeting PIM Kinase with PD1 Inhibition Improves Immunotherapeutic Antitumor T-cell Response.
- Author
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Chatterjee S, Chakraborty P, Daenthanasanmak A, Iamsawat S, Andrejeva G, Luevano LA, Wolf M, Baliga U, Krieg C, Beeson CC, Mehrotra M, Hill EG, Rathmell JC, Yu XZ, Kraft AS, and Mehrotra S
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies immunology, Antibodies pharmacology, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Neoplasms, Experimental immunology, Neoplasms, Experimental metabolism, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor immunology, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor metabolism, Protein Kinase Inhibitors pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1 genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1 metabolism, T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Treatment Outcome, Biphenyl Compounds pharmacology, Immunotherapy, Adoptive methods, Neoplasms, Experimental therapy, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor antagonists & inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1 antagonists & inhibitors, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Thiazolidines pharmacology, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays methods
- Abstract
Purpose: Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) of cancer, which involves the infusion of ex vivo -engineered tumor epitope reactive autologous T cells into the tumor-bearing host, is a potential treatment modality for cancer. However, the durable antitumor response following ACT is hampered either by loss of effector function or survival of the antitumor T cells. Therefore, strategies to improve the persistence and sustain the effector function of the antitumor T cells are of immense importance. Given the role of metabolism in determining the therapeutic efficacy of T cells, we hypothesize that inhibition of PIM kinases, a family of serine/threonine kinase that promote cell-cycle transition, cell growth, and regulate mTORC1 activity, can improve the potency of T cells in controlling tumor., Experimental Design: The role of PIM kinases in T cells was studied either by genetic ablation (PIM1
-/- PIM2-/- PIM3-/- ) or its pharmacologic inhibition (pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, PimKi). Murine melanoma B16 was established subcutaneously and treated by transferring tumor epitope gp100-reactive T cells along with treatment regimen that involved inhibiting PIM kinases, anti-PD1 or both., Results: With inhibition of PIM kinases, T cells had significant reduction in their uptake of glucose, and upregulated expression of memory-associated genes that inversely correlate with glycolysis. In addition, the expression of CD38, which negatively regulates the metabolic fitness of the T cells, was also reduced in PimKi-treated cells. Importantly, the efficacy of antitumor T-cell therapy was markedly improved by inhibiting PIM kinases in tumor-bearing mice receiving ACT, and further enhanced by adding anti-PD1 antibody to this combination., Conclusions: This study highlights the potential therapeutic significance of combinatorial strategies where ACT and inhibition of signaling kinase with checkpoint blockade could improve tumor control., (©2018 American Association for Cancer Research.)- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
46. Author Correction: High-dimensional single-cell analysis predicts response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
- Author
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Krieg C, Nowicka M, Guglietta S, Schindler S, Hartmann FJ, Weber LM, Dummer R, Robinson MD, Levesque MP, and Becher B
- Abstract
In the version of this article initially published, Figs. 5a,c and 6a were incorrect because of an error in a metadata spreadsheet that led to the healthy donor patient 2 (HD2) samples being used twice in the analysis of baseline samples and in the analysis at 12 weeks of anti-PD-1 therapy, while HD3 samples had not been used.
- Published
- 2018
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47. Erratum: Sex-specific differences in functional traits and resource acquisition in five cycad species.
- Author
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Krieg C, Watkins JE Jr, Chambers S, and Husby CE
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx013.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx013.].
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. High-dimensional single-cell analysis predicts response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
- Author
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Krieg C, Nowicka M, Guglietta S, Schindler S, Hartmann FJ, Weber LM, Dummer R, Robinson MD, Levesque MP, and Becher B
- Subjects
- Biomarkers, Humans, Immunotherapy, Single-Cell Analysis, Melanoma, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor immunology
- Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer therapy. In particular, inhibition of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has been found to be effective for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other cancers. Despite a dramatic increase in progression-free survival, a large proportion of patients do not show durable responses. Therefore, predictive biomarkers of a clinical response are urgently needed. Here we used high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry and a bioinformatics pipeline for the in-depth characterization of the immune cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with stage IV melanoma before and after 12 weeks of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. During therapy, we observed a clear response to immunotherapy in the T cell compartment. However, before commencing therapy, a strong predictor of progression-free and overall survival in response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was the frequency of CD14
+ CD16- HLA-DRhi monocytes. We confirmed this by conventional flow cytometry in an independent, blinded validation cohort, and we propose that the frequency of monocytes in PBMCs may serve in clinical decision support.- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
49. Factors associated with chronic frequent emergency department utilization in a population with diabetes living in metropolitan areas: a population-based retrospective cohort study.
- Author
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Hudon C, Courteau J, Krieg C, and Vanasse A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Comorbidity, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus psychology, Female, Health Services statistics & numerical data, Hospitals, Urban statistics & numerical data, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Mental Disorders complications, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care statistics & numerical data, Quebec, Residence Characteristics statistics & numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Urban Health statistics & numerical data, Diabetes Mellitus therapy, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: A small proportion of patients utilizes a disproportionately large amount of emergency department (ED) resources. Being able to properly identify chronic frequent ED users, i.e. frequent ED users over a multiple-year period, would allow healthcare professionals to intervene before it occurs and, if possible, redirect these patients to more appropriate health services. The objective of this study was to explore the factors associated with chronic frequent ED utilization in a population with diabetes., Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative data was conducted on 62,316 patients with diabetes living in metropolitan areas of Quebec (Canada), having visited an ED during 2006, and still alive in 31 December 2009. The dependant variable was being a chronic frequent ED user, defined as having at least 3 ED visits per year during three consecutive years (2007-2009). Independent variables, measured during 2006, included age, sex, neighbourhood deprivation, affiliation to a general practitioner, and number of physical and mental health comorbidities. Logistic regression and tree-based method were used to identify factors associated with chronic frequent ED use., Results: A total of 2.6% of the cohort (patients with diabetes and at least one ED visit in 2006) was identified as chronic frequent ED users. These patients accounted for 16% of all ED visits made by the cohort during follow-up. The cumulative effect of a high illness burden combined with mental health disorders was associated with an increased risk of chronic frequent ED use., Conclusions: Interventions must target the population at higher risk of becoming chronic frequent ED users and should be designed to manage the complex interaction between high illness burden and mental health.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. CyTOF workflow: differential discovery in high-throughput high-dimensional cytometry datasets.
- Author
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Nowicka M, Krieg C, Weber LM, Hartmann FJ, Guglietta S, Becher B, Levesque MP, and Robinson MD
- Abstract
High dimensional mass and flow cytometry (HDCyto) experiments have become a method of choice for high throughput interrogation and characterization of cell populations.Here, we present an R-based pipeline for differential analyses of HDCyto data, largely based on Bioconductor packages. We computationally define cell populations using FlowSOM clustering, and facilitate an optional but reproducible strategy for manual merging of algorithm-generated clusters. Our workflow offers different analysis paths, including association of cell type abundance with a phenotype or changes in signaling markers within specific subpopulations, or differential analyses of aggregated signals. Importantly, the differential analyses we show are based on regression frameworks where the HDCyto data is the response; thus, we are able to model arbitrary experimental designs, such as those with batch effects, paired designs and so on. In particular, we apply generalized linear mixed models to analyses of cell population abundance or cell-population-specific analyses of signaling markers, allowing overdispersion in cell count or aggregated signals across samples to be appropriately modeled. To support the formal statistical analyses, we encourage exploratory data analysis at every step, including quality control (e.g. multi-dimensional scaling plots), reporting of clustering results (dimensionality reduction, heatmaps with dendrograms) and differential analyses (e.g. plots of aggregated signals)., Competing Interests: Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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