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1. Effect of Composition on Microstructural Evolution during Homogenization of 7XXX Alloys

Author

Priya, Pikee, Sun, Yiwei, Johnson, D. R., Trumble, K. P., and Krane, M. J. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, 74N25, G.0
Abstract

The effect of composition on microstructure both at the length scale of the secondary dendrite arm spacing and nano-sized dispersoids during homogenization of Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys has been studied. A comprehensive model that can predict the microstructure at both the length scales has been used for the study. The microstructure predicted has been compared to that for two homogenized samples from a directionally solidified AA7050 sample and a reasonable match has been found. The initial as-cast microstructure for different compositions is calculated using Scheil type solidification from Thermo-Calc. The initial microstructure has a considerable influence on microstructural evolution during homogenization. To take advantage of the decreased solid solubility of Zr in {\alpha}-fcc, cooling rates during solidification must be high enough to prevent precipitation of primary Al3Zr. Under solidification with industrial cooling conditions solute rich alloys leads to fewer dispersoids. Based on the study, an improved composition range of 6-8%Zn, 1-2%Cu, 1-2%Mg and 0.1-0.15%Zr for 7XXX alloys has been proposed., Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, Part of PhD Dissertation work by Pikee Priya at Purdue University (2016)

Published
2023

2. Radial Variation of Microstructure in a Direct-Chill Cast AA7050 Billet on Homogenization

Author

Priya, Pikee, Fezi, Kyle, Johnson, D. R., and Krane, M. J. M.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, 74N25, G.0
Abstract

A "through-process" solidification homogenization numerical model to study the microstructural evolution has been developed for AA7050 alloy. A continuum scale Direct Chill Casting (DCC) solidification model has been coupled with a meso-scale homogenization precipitation model to evaluate the radial variation of microstructure in a cylindrical DC cast billet after homogenization. The Local Solidification Times predicted by the DCC numerical model is used to predict the Secondary Dendritic Arm Spacing (SDAS) across the radius from an empirical relationship. It also predicts the macrosegregation used to estimate the radial as-cast microstructures (phases and phase fractions) using Thermo-Calc. Macrosegregation affects the initial and homogenized microstructures across the radius, making the surface prone to recrystallization, due to lesser dispersoids and larger precipitated particles during cooling, caused by lesser extent of Zenner pinning and Particle Stimulated Nucleation (PSN) of recrystallized grains respectively., Comment: 20 Pages, 8 Figures, part of the PhD Dissertation work by Pikee Priya at Purdue University (2016). Cited for reference

Published
2023

3. Multiscale prediction of microstructure length scales in metallic alloy casting

Author

Bellón, B., Boukellal, A. K., Isensee, T., Wellborn, O. M., Trumble, K. P., Krane, M. J. M., Titus, M. S., Tourret, D., and LLorca, J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

In this article, we combine casting experiments and quantitative simulations to present a novel multiscale modeling approach to predict local primary dendritic spacings in metallic alloys solidified in conditions relevant to industrial casting processes. To this end, primary dendritic spacings were measured in instrumented casting experiments in Al-Cu alloys containing 1\,wt\% and 4\,wt\% of Cu, and they were compared to spacing stability ranges and average spacings in dendritic arrays simulated using phase-field (PF) and dendritic needle network (DNN) models. It is first shown that PF and DNN lead to similar results for the Al-1\,wt\%Cu alloy, using a dendrite tip selection constant calculated with PF in the DNN simulations. PF simulations cannot achieve quantitative predictions for the Al-4\,wt\%Cu alloy because they are too computationally demanding due to the large separation of scale between tip radius and diffusion length, a characteristic feature of non-dilute alloys. Nevertheless, the results of DNN simulations for non-dilute Al-Cu alloys are in overall good agreement with our experimental results as well as with those of an extensive literature review. Simulations consistently suggest a widening of the PDAS stability range with a decrease of the temperature gradient as the microstructure goes from cellular-dendrites to well-developed hierarchical dendrites.

Published
2021

5. Generation of three CRISPR/Cas9 edited human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (DHMi005-A-5, DHMi005-A-6 and DHMi005-A-7) carrying a Holt-Oram Syndrome patient-specific TBX5 mutation with known cardiac phenotype and a FLAG-tag after exon 9 of the TBX5 gene

Author

Lahm, H., primary, Stieglbauer, S., additional, Neb, I., additional, Doppler, S., additional, Schneider, S., additional, Dzilic, E., additional, Lange, R., additional, Krane, M., additional, and Dreßen, M., additional

Published
2023
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7. Sequential defects in cardiac lineage commitment and maturation cause hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Author

Krane, M, Dressen, M, Santamaria, G, My, I, Schneider, C, Dorn, T, Laue, S, Mastantuono, E, Berutti, R, Rawat, H, Gilsbach, R, Schneider, P, Lahm, H, Schwarz, S, Doppler, S, Paige, S, Puluca, N, Doll, S, Neb, I, Brade, T, Zhang, Z, Abou-Ajram, C, Northoff, B, Holdt, L, Sudhop, S, Sahara, M, Goedel, A, Dendorfer, A, Tjong, F, Rijlaarsdam, M, Cleuziou, J, Lang, N, Kupatt, C, Bezzina, C, Lange, R, Bowles, N, Mann, M, Gelb, B, Crotti, L, Hein, L, Meitinger, T, Wu, S, Sinnecker, D, Gruber, P, Laugwitz, K, Moretti, A, Krane M., Dressen M., Santamaria G., My I., Schneider C. M., Dorn T., Laue S., Mastantuono E., Berutti R., Rawat H., Gilsbach R., Schneider P., Lahm H., Schwarz S., Doppler S. A., Paige S., Puluca N., Doll S., Neb I., Brade T., Zhang Z., Abou-Ajram C., Northoff B., Holdt L. M., Sudhop S., Sahara M., Goedel A., Dendorfer A., Tjong F. V. Y., Rijlaarsdam M. E., Cleuziou J., Lang N., Kupatt C., Bezzina C., Lange R., Bowles N. E., Mann M., Gelb B. D., Crotti L., Hein L., Meitinger T., Wu S., Sinnecker D., Gruber P. J., Laugwitz K. -L., Moretti A., Krane, M, Dressen, M, Santamaria, G, My, I, Schneider, C, Dorn, T, Laue, S, Mastantuono, E, Berutti, R, Rawat, H, Gilsbach, R, Schneider, P, Lahm, H, Schwarz, S, Doppler, S, Paige, S, Puluca, N, Doll, S, Neb, I, Brade, T, Zhang, Z, Abou-Ajram, C, Northoff, B, Holdt, L, Sudhop, S, Sahara, M, Goedel, A, Dendorfer, A, Tjong, F, Rijlaarsdam, M, Cleuziou, J, Lang, N, Kupatt, C, Bezzina, C, Lange, R, Bowles, N, Mann, M, Gelb, B, Crotti, L, Hein, L, Meitinger, T, Wu, S, Sinnecker, D, Gruber, P, Laugwitz, K, Moretti, A, Krane M., Dressen M., Santamaria G., My I., Schneider C. M., Dorn T., Laue S., Mastantuono E., Berutti R., Rawat H., Gilsbach R., Schneider P., Lahm H., Schwarz S., Doppler S. A., Paige S., Puluca N., Doll S., Neb I., Brade T., Zhang Z., Abou-Ajram C., Northoff B., Holdt L. M., Sudhop S., Sahara M., Goedel A., Dendorfer A., Tjong F. V. Y., Rijlaarsdam M. E., Cleuziou J., Lang N., Kupatt C., Bezzina C., Lange R., Bowles N. E., Mann M., Gelb B. D., Crotti L., Hein L., Meitinger T., Wu S., Sinnecker D., Gruber P. J., Laugwitz K. -L., and Moretti A.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Complex molecular programs in specific cell lineages govern human heart development. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is the most common and severe manifestation within the spectrum of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction defects occurring in association with ventricular hypoplasia. The pathogenesis of HLHS is unknown, but hemodynamic disturbances are assumed to play a prominent role. METHODS: To identify perturbations in gene programs controlling ventricular muscle lineage development in HLHS, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 87 HLHS parent-offspring trios, nuclear transcriptomics of cardiomyocytes from ventricles of 4 patients with HLHS and 15 controls at different stages of heart development, single cell RNA sequencing, and 3D modeling in induced pluripotent stem cells from 3 patients with HLHS and 3 controls. RESULTS: Gene set enrichment and protein network analyses of damaging de novo mutations and dysregulated genes from ventricles of patients with HLHS suggested alterations in specific gene programs and cellular processes critical during fetal ventricular cardiogenesis, including cell cycle and cardiomyocyte maturation. Single-cell and 3D modeling with induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrated intrinsic defects in the cell cycle/unfolded protein response/autophagy hub resulting in disrupted differentiation of early cardiac progenitor lineages leading to defective cardiomyocyte subtype differentiation/ maturation in HLHS. Premature cell cycle exit of ventricular cardiomyocytes from patients with HLHS prevented normal tissue responses to developmental signals for growth, leading to multinucleation/polyploidy, accumulation of DNA damage, and exacerbated apoptosis, all potential drivers of left ventricular hypoplasia in absence of hemodynamic cues. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight that despite genetic heterogeneity in HLHS, many mutations converge on sequential cellular processes primarily driving cardiac myogenesis, suggesting n

Published
2021

10. Human Engineered Heart Tissue Patches Remuscularize the Injured Heart in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Author

Querdel, Eva, primary, Reinsch, Marina, additional, Castro, Liesa, additional, Köse, Deniz, additional, Bähr, Andrea, additional, Reich, Svenja, additional, Geertz, Birgit, additional, Ulmer, Bärbel, additional, Schulze, Mirja, additional, Lemoine, Marc D., additional, Krause, Tobias, additional, Lemme, Marta, additional, Sani, Jascha, additional, Shibamiya, Aya, additional, Stüdemann, Tim, additional, Köhne, Maria, additional, Bibra, Constantin von, additional, Hornaschewitz, Nadja, additional, Pecha, Simon, additional, Nejahsie, Yusuf, additional, Mannhardt, Ingra, additional, Christ, Torsten, additional, Reichenspurner, Hermann, additional, Hansen, Arne, additional, Klymiuk, Nikolai, additional, Krane, M., additional, Kupatt, C., additional, Eschenhagen, Thomas, additional, and Weinberger, Florian, additional

Published
2021
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22. Risk factors for wound complications in patients undergoing primary closure of the perineal defect after total proctectomy

Author

Bertucci Zoccali, Marco, Biondi, A, Krane, M, Kueberuwa, E, Rizzo, G, Persiani, Roberto, Coco, Claudio, Hurst, Rd, D'Ugo, Domenico, Fichera, A, Bertucci Zoccali, M, Persiani, R (ORCID:0000-0002-1537-5097), Coco, C (ORCID:0000-0002-4713-7093), D'Ugo, D (ORCID:0000-0001-6657-6318), Bertucci Zoccali, Marco, Biondi, A, Krane, M, Kueberuwa, E, Rizzo, G, Persiani, Roberto, Coco, Claudio, Hurst, Rd, D'Ugo, Domenico, Fichera, A, Bertucci Zoccali, M, Persiani, R (ORCID:0000-0002-1537-5097), Coco, C (ORCID:0000-0002-4713-7093), and D'Ugo, D (ORCID:0000-0001-6657-6318)

Abstract

Perineal wounds after complete proctectomy are at risk for failure, with dramatic consequences on patients' health and quality of life. This study is aimed at identifying risk factors for wound complications in patients undergoing primary closure of the perineal defect after total proctectomy.

Published
2015

40. An Integrated Approach for the Numerical Modelling of the Spray Forming Process

Author

Stefanescu, D., Warren, J., Jolly, M., Krane, M., Hattel, Jesper, Thorborg, Jesper, Pryds, Nini, Pedersen, Trine Bjerre, Stefanescu, D., Warren, J., Jolly, M., Krane, M., Hattel, Jesper, Thorborg, Jesper, Pryds, Nini, and Pedersen, Trine Bjerre

Abstract

In this paper, an integrated approach for modelling the entire spray forming process is presented. The basis for the analysis is a recently developed model which extents previous studies and includes the interaction between an array of droplets and the enveloping gas. The formulation of the deposition is accomplished using a 3-D cylindrical heat flow model. This model is now coupled with an atomization model via a log-normal droplet size distribution. The coupling between the atomization and the deposition model is accomplished by ensuring that the total droplet size distribution of the spray is in fact the summation of "local" droplet size distributions along the r-axis. Furthermore, the deposition model proposed in the paper involves both the sticking efficiency of the droplets to the substrate as well as a geometrical model involving the effects of shadowing for the production of billet preforms.

Published
2003

42. Estimation of the Direct Acoustic Radiation from Turbulent Spots Using Boundary Layer Velocity Measurements

Author

PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK APPLIED RESEARCH LAB, Krane, M. H., Pauley, W. R., PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK APPLIED RESEARCH LAB, Krane, M. H., and Pauley, W. R.

Abstract

To provide an understanding of the acoustic source characteristics of the boundary layer transition region, unsteady velocity field measurements of an isolated, artificially generated turbulent spot were made in a zero-pressure gradient laminar boundary layer. These measurements were performed in a water channel, using a laser Doppler velocimeter. They provide quantitative information describing the large scale unsteady displacement thickness fluctuations due to the passage of a turbulent spot. Fluctuations of the displacement thickness are related to the radiated noise through the Liepmann acoustic analogy. The description of the large-scale velocity field is based on ensemble-averaged unsteady velocity data, from which the displacement thickness is calculated. These results are used to calculated the velocity normal to the plate, as well as the characteristic rise times, ti, of the displacement thickness. Comparison of the results at different steamwise stations shows that the rise time and the mass flux deficit peak amplitudes of the normal velocity increase early in the spot development, but level off. For all these parameters, the rate of spatial growth is greatest in the stations closest to the generation point.

Published
1992

44. Fluid dynamic studies of speech production

Author

Sinder, D., primary, Krane, M., additional, Chennoukh, S., additional, Richard, G., additional, Flanagan, J., additional, Levinson, S., additional, Slimon, S., additional, and Davis, D., additional

Published
1997
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47. Valve implantation on the beating heart: catheter-assisted surgery for aortic stenosis.

Author

Bleiziffer S, Ruge H, Mazzitelli D, Schreiber C, Hutter A, Krane M, Bauernschmitt R, and Lange R

Abstract

Background: For an increasing number of patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, advanced age and comorbidity make the risk of surgery unacceptably high. In such cases, catheter-based techniques for aortic valve implantation are a new therapeutic option. In this paper, we describe the initial results obtained at the German Heart Center, Munich, with a new technique of this kind. Methods: From June 2007 to September 2008, 152 patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation at the German Heart Center, Munich (121 transfemorally, 26 transapically, and 5 through other sites of access). In this technique, a stent-mounted valve is crimped onto a catheter and then positioned and deployed in the aortic annulus under fluoroscopic control. Results: The 30-day mortality was 11.8% in this group of patients at high risk. The more common post-procedural complications were third-degree atrioventricular block leading to pacemaker implantation (31/152, 20%), vascular complications (25/152, 16%), and cerebrovascular events (8/152, 5%). Six months after the procedure, the patients had recovered clinically to a considerable extent, and the implanted prostheses exhibited good hemodynamic function. Conclusions: The technical feasibility of catheter-based aortic valve implantation has been demonstrated at multiple centers around the world. Its indications still need to be refined on the basis of the short- and long-term results of the randomized and observational studies that are currently in progress. It is already apparent that catheter-based aortic valve implantation can bring about clinical improvement in patients who are deemed ineligible for open surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

48. Chemokines indicate allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Author

Hartl D, Latzin P, Zissel G, Krane M, Krauss-Etschmann S, and Griese M

Abstract

RATIONALE: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is characterized by a Th2 immune response. Mouse models suggest a critical role for the Th2 chemokines thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in ABPA. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether serum levels of TARC and MDC characterize ABPA in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to examine longitudinally if levels of TARC and MDC indicate ABPA exacerbations in patients with CF. METHODS: Levels of TARC and MDC and levels of Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) cytokines were analyzed in serum of 16 patients with CF with ABPA, six non-CF patients with asthma with ABPA, 13 patients with CF colonized with Aspergillus fumigatus, six patients with CF sensitized to A. fumigatus, 12 atopic patients with CF, and 13 non-CF atopic control subjects by ELISA. The longitudinal course of TARC, MDC, and IgE levels was assessed during ABPA episodes. RESULTS: Patients with ABPA had significantly higher serum levels of TARC compared with the other patient groups. Cytokine levels did not differ among the patient groups. Longitudinally, levels of TARC indicated ABPA exacerbations in patients with CF more clearly than IgE levels. In patients with CF and ABPA, levels of TARC correlated positively with specific IgE to A. fumigatus and rAsp f4. CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of TARC differentiate patients with CF or patients with asthma with ABPA from patients with CF colonized with or sensitized to A. fumigatus, atopic patients with CF, and atopic control subjects. Longitudinally, levels of TARC indicate ABPA exacerbations, suggesting TARC as a marker for identification and monitoring of ABPA in patients with CF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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49. A radiation hybrid map of human chromosome 5 with integration of cytogenetic, genetic, and transcript maps.

Author

McPherson, J D, Apostol, B, Wagner-McPherson, C B, Hakim, S, Del Mastro, R G, Aziz, N, Baer, E, Gonzales, G, Krane, M C, Markovich, R, Masny, P, Ortega, M, Vu, J, Vujicic, M, Church, D M, Segal, A, Grady, D L, Moyzis, R K, Spence, M A, Lovett, M, and Wasmuth, J J

Abstract

One of the major goals of the human genome project is to establish a physical map of each human chromosome with a density of sequence-tagged site (STS) markers exceeding one every 100 kb. We report here the generation of a human chromosome 5-specific radiation hybrid (RH) map that includes 556 markers. Of these markers, 132 loci are ordered with a maximum likelihood ratio of >1000:1 compared with the next most likely order. An additional 113 loci were ordered relative to these backbone markers with a maximum likelihood ratio of >10:1 but <1000:1. Together, these 245 loci form an ordered framework map for the chromosome. Using this framework, >300 more markers were localized based on two-point analysis with the ordered set. On average, there are 50 markers in common with the RH map presented here and other chromosome 5 maps included in the current whole genome cytogenetic, genetic, and physical maps. The accuracy of all the maps is evident in that there are no more than two discrepancies between any one of them and these data. All of the maps encompassing chromosome 5 complement each other providing excellent STS coverage with >2200 loci combined. The chromosome 5-specific RH map contains 20% of these independent loci. In addition, our RH map contains STSs derived from clones suitable for fluorescent in situ hybridization, allowing alignment to the cytogenetic map. Together, these maps will assist in the assembly of sequence-ready contigs and will aid in the identification of disease loci on chromosome 5 by positional cloning and positional candidate approaches.

Published
1997
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