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This study aimed to accumulate evidence of the additional verification of a model that shows the relationship between attachment anxiety and physical aggression and those related variables adopted in the study by Xie et al. (2022) in married couples. A romantic conflict scenario was presented to married survey respondents. The respondents’ jealousy and coping behaviors were measured. Although structural equation modeling did not reproduce the factor structure of coping behaviors with conflict, it provided evidence for the model’s external validity. These results suggest the need to clarify the causal relationship between physical aggression and high levels of attachment anxiety.

This study aims to provide preliminary evidence of the process by which high attachment anxiety leads to physical attacks from the perspective of the escalation theory of domestic violence (DV). A scenario of a romantic conflict was presented to survey respondents, and the respondents’ jealousy and their coping behaviors were measured. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that not only did a pattern emerge of relationships in which a high degree of attachment anxiety enhanced physical aggression through high psychological aggression toward partners, but also that the relationship between attachment anxiety and psychological aggression was mediated by the intensity of the emotional and cognitive aspects of jealousy and by coping behaviors with conflict in a romantic relationship. The results suggest the need to elaborate on the process by which high attachment anxiety leads to physical attacks from the lens of the escalation theory of DV.

The purpose of this article is to clarify the findings of previous studies on the Shift-and-Persist strategy (S-P strategy) in a low socioeconomic status context, to introduce its theoretical models, and to make suggestions concerning the future direction of this research. First, we describe the relevant aspects of socioeconomic status and the harmful effects of low levels of socioeconomic status. Second, we describe the S-P strategy, which is a protective factor against the negative effects of socioeconomic status, and then review the findings of previous empirical studies. Third, we discuss three unconsidered issues regarding the S-P strategy in order to elaborate its theoretical model: 1) the external validity of the S-P strategy in Japan, 2) the impact of a stable and positive role model, and 3) how the S-P strategy effects the psychological benefits of low socioeconomic status during a threat. Finally, we offer suggestions for future research. It is highly possible that the S-P strategy will be a useful approach in various fields, so these issues should be clarified in future research.

Conformity has been studied in social and evolutionary psychology for over half a century. These studies have led to the development of a number of theories that explain why conformity occurs. One such study, which has received particular attention in educational and developmental psychology, claims that conformity occurs because of adjustment. This study explains why adolescents conform to their peers more than to adults. However, the results of studies examining the relationship between conformity and adjustment have been inconsistent, and the validity of the theory has not been empirically demonstrated. The relationship between conformity and adjustment has been one of the sources of evidence for clinical interventions for problem behaviors, such as risk-taking, bullying, and sexual deviance in adolescents. Nevertheless, the validity of those interventions is questionable because the theory has not been proven. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to examine and demonstrate the relationship between conformity and adjustment from a new perspective. This process is the first step in providing more valid and accurate clinical support for adjustment. In this paper, we examine in detail what perspectives should be considered in future conformity research.

Previous studies have examined the effects of four cognitive strategies (defensive pessimism (DP), strategic optimism (SO), realistic pessimism (RP), and unjustified optimism (UO)) on cognitive and behavioral patterns in task-related situations. In this context, Shimizu, Nakashima, & Morinaga (2016) found that a tendency toward DP was associated with considerate and respectful behavioral intentions and provided insights into the functions of cognitive strategies in interpersonal contexts. This finding was replicated by Shimizu, Abe, & Nakashima (2020), who showed that UOs had less considerate and respectful behavioral intentions than RPs and SOs. In the present study, we attempted to examine whether the findings of Shimizu et al. (2020) could be replicated in a British adult population (N = 186) who participated in an online survey. Path analysis showed that the association between cognitive strategies and behavioral intentions was not replicated, although the model presented in Shimizu et al. (2020) was fitted (CFI = .99，RMSEA = .05，SRMR = .03). Differences in the functioning of cognitive strategies among participant age groups and cultures are discussed., 本研究は，JSPS科研費（17J04187）の補助を受けて行われた。