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Intraspinal ganglions of cervical facet joints are rare. Those reported have occurred in the lumbar region. We report a case of an intraspinal ganglion of the cervical facet joint causing radiculopathy (C8 root). The patient was a 69-year-old man admitted with a history of severe pain in the right upper extremity. The pain radiated to the right scapula and forearm. At MR imaging, a ganglion of the facet joint was delineated as a smooth extradural well-circumscribed cystic mass arising adjacent to degenerative facet joint (C7/T1). Surgical therapy resulted in satisfactory recovery.Two types of cysts that are known to originate from the facet joint are the synovial cyst and the ganglion. Synovial cysts have a histologically identifiable synovial lining and contain clear fluid, whereas ganglion contains gelatinous, highly viscous fluid, has a connective tissue capsule, and lack of a specific lining. This case was ganglion because of lack of a specific lining and gelatinous, highly viscous fluid.

Neutrino physics is largely an art of learning a great deal by observing nothing (Haim Harari, 1988) was our general understanding of the field for the ~25 years previous. A new neutrino era was abruptly brought from outer space by a burst of SN1987A neutrinos. The detection of neutrinos from SN1987A gave a new impetus to neutrino research. As we know, new discoveries of neutrinos have since been made. Neutrinos were no longer mysterious, but attained particle citizenship. Giant liquid argon charge imaging experiments have the prospect of opening the door to the second new era in neutrino physics. The coming era would provoke not evolution, but revolution in particle physics. However, paving the way for the new era requires not evolutionary, but revolutionary detector developments. I hope this workshop will be conducive to reaping a rich harvest from its activities. In 1993, Professor Carlo Rubbia presented The Renaissance of Experimental Neutrino Physics in which he discussed various possibilities of shooting neutrino beams from CERN towards Gran Sasso, Super-Kamiokande at Kamioka and DUMAND in Hawaii. Now KEK hopes to shoot neutrino beams from J-PARC to Kamioka, Okinoshima, Korea and Gran Sasso. Atsuto SuzukiDirector General, KEK J-PARC has moved into a new phase of operation. The commissioning of the accelerator complex and experiment facilities has begun, and it is urgent to attain initial design performance as soon as possible. For the immediate future, KEK has a 5 year plan. The plan includes the upgrade of the J-PARC accelerator to a multi-Mega-Watt facility, and detector R&Ds to form the basis for a next step in the neutrino experiment. One of the main issues of the future neutrino experiment will be the search for CP violation in neutrino oscillation, which demands much more precision than studying neutrino oscillation or non-zero theta13. This naturally requires a very massive detector with higher precision than presently available technologies. In addition, such a detector will also be an excellent detector for the further search for proton decay. The sensitivity of the various methods of extracting CP violation should be carefully evaluated. At the 4th International Workshop on Nuclear and Particle Phyics at J-PARC (NP08) in March 2008, the J-PARC MR power upgrade and the future neutrino experiment were discussed. At the workshop, a comparison of first and second maximum in electron neutrino appearance in muon neutrino beam was discussed. This method is free from systematic errors due to ambiguities of neutrino and anti-neutrino cross sections. On the other hand, this method requires a very massive detector with energy reconstruction capability for a wide range of neutrino energy. Beside the statistical precision, which requires a high power proton accelerator, there are many strict requirements on the detector. Most of the requirements are common to a detector for neutrino physics and to the search for proton decay. We need new ways of looking for new phenomena at a level far beyond on-going experiments. Future experiments should be designed based on new detector technology, improved accelerator technology and the results of present on-going experiments. We are looking forward seeing the outcome. Koichiro NishikawaDirector, IPNS KEK

A review of 48 cases of Charnley total hip arthoplasty performed on 41 patients is presented. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 10 years (average of 3 years and 9 months). Clinical evaluation shows that 27 patients (69.9 percent) had over 70 points according to the J. O. A. Hip Score system. On the other hand, from radiographic examination, loosening was found in 13 joints (27.1 percent), and these cases show significantly poorer clinical results. This study shows that the operative technique is the most important point in preventing any loosening. Especially, poor cementing of the stem ands etting the socket have a direct effect on the occurrence of loosening.

Between 1983 and 1988, osteoplastic laminotomy was performed in six cases after tumor extirpation of the cauda equina. Histological examinations of the tumor proved that five were Schwannoma and one was benign cystic teratoma. Surgical procedures were determined by size and location of the tumor. Four cases were treatd by the operative technique reported in 1976 by Raimondi et al. In one case, after extirpation of the left side dumb-bell type Schwannoma between the third and fourth lumbar vertbra, excised spinous process was used for coverage of the spinal canal and postero-lateral fusion was also performed in the affected side. A small and localized tumor was excised with partial hemilaminectomy and resection of the reconstructed spinous process. Reconstruction of posterior part of the lumbar vertebra is important to prevent postoperative kyphosis, anterior subluxation, and instability of the spine especially in children.