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37 results on '"Kirstein, O."'

1. Evaluation of a method for time-of-flight, wavelength and distance calibration for neutron scattering instruments by means of a mini-chopper and standard neutron monitors

Author

Vergara, L., Arai, M., Woracek, R., Olsson, M., Quintanilla, A., Alcock, S., Nilsson, J., Kanaki, K., Kadletz, P. M., Kirstein, O., Hall-Wilton, R., and Tsapatsaris, N.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Accurate conversion of neutron time-of-flight (TOF) to wavelength, and its uncertainty, is of fundamental importance to neutron scattering measurements. Especially in cases where instruments are highly configurable, the determination of the absolute wavelength after any change must always be performed. Inspired by the manner with which neutron spectrometers determine the absolute wavelength, we evaluate for the first time, in the author's knowledge, a commonly used method for converting TOF to neutron wavelength, the distance of a monitor from the source of neutrons and we analytically calculate the uncertainty contributions that limit the precision of the conversion. The method was evaluated at the V20 test beamline at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB), emulating the ESS source with a pulse of 2.86 ms length and 14 Hz repetition rate, by using a mini-chopper operated at 140 Hz, beam monitors (BMs) and data acquisition infrastructure. The mini-chopper created well-defined neutron pulses and the BM was placed at two positions, enabling the average wavelength of each of the pulses created to be determined. The used experimental setup resulted in absolute wavelength determination at the monitor positions with a $\delta \lambda_{mean} / \lambda_{mean}$ of $\sim$1.8% for $\lambda >4$ \r{A}. With a modest increase of the distance between the reference monitor positions a $\delta \lambda_{mean} / \lambda_{mean}$ of below 0.5% can be achieved. Further improvements are possible by using a thinner monitor, smaller chopper disc openings and a higher rotational speed chopper. The method requires only two neutron measurements and doesn't necessitate the use of crystals or complex fitting, and could constitute a suitable addition to imaging, diffraction, reflectometers and small angle neutron scattering instruments, at spallation sources, that do not normally utilise fast choppers.

Published
2022
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2. Time- and energy-resolved effects in the boron-10 based Multi-Grid and helium-3 based thermal neutron detectors

Author

Backis, A., Khaplanov, A., Jebali, R. Al, Ammer, R., Apostolidis, I., Birch, J., Lai, C. -C., Deen, P. P., Etxegarai, M., de Ruette, N., Ramos, J. Freita, Förster, D. F., Haettner, E., Hall-Wilton, R., Hamilton, D., Höglund, C., Kadletz, P. M., Kanaki, K., Karnickis, E., Kirstein, O., Kolya, S., Kraujalyte, Z., Laloni, A., Livingston, K., Löhman, O., Maulerova, V., Mauritzon, N., Müller, F., Higuera, I. Lopez, Richter, T., Robinson, L., Roth, R., Shetty, M., Taylor, J., Woracek, R., and Xiong, W.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The boron-10 based Multi-Grid detector is being developed as an alternative to helium-3 based neutron detectors. At the European Spallation Source, the detector will be used for time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy at cold to thermal neutron energies. The objective of this work is to investigate fine time- and energy-resolved effects of the Multi-Grid detector, down to a few $\mu$eV, while comparing it to the performance of a typical helium-3 tube. Furthermore, it is to characterize differences between the detector technologies in terms of internal scattering, as well as the time reconstruction of ~ $\mu$s short neutron pulses. The data were taken at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, where the Multi-Grid detector and a helium-3 tube were installed at the ESS test beamline, V20. Using a Fermi-chopper, the neutron beam of the reactor was chopped into a few tens of $\mu$s wide pulses before reaching the detector, located a few tens of cm downstream. The data of the measurements show an agreement between the derived and calculated neutron detection efficiency curve. The data also provide fine details on the effect of internal scattering, and how it can be reduced. For the first time, the chopper resolution was comparable to the timing resolution of the Multi-Grid detector. This allowed a detailed study of time- and energy resolved effects, as well as a comparison with a typical helium-3 tube., Comment: 37 pages, 21 figures

Published
2020
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3. First neutron data recorded at the V20 Test Instrument utilizing prototype chopper systems and beam monitors planned for ESS

Author

Maulerova, V., Nilsson, J., Olsson, M., Alcock, S., Quintanilla, A., Zielinski, D., Mukai, A., Issa, F., Kolya, S., Smith, W., Broderick, D., Löki, K., Sparger, J., Woracek, R., Taylor, J., Richter, T., Hall-Wilton, R., Kirstein, O., and Tsapatsaris, N.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The main objective of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is to perform consistently high impact neutron scattering science using the highest neutron flux of any facility in its class. This ambition is naturally accompanied by operational challenges related to the vertical integration of the instruments' hardware and software shared between collaborators from 13 European countries. The present work will detail integration tests performed at the V20 Test Instrument at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin in Germany. An ESS chopper prototype was successfully controlled through the ESS Chopper Integration Controller (CHIC) and Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). Neutron data were successfully collected and time stamped using neutron beam monitors, the ESS prototype detector readout electronics and the Data Management Software Center (DMSC) data acquisition (DAQ) software. Chopper rotation events were timestamped and the chopper disk showed excellent stability and neutron absorption characteristics. The test resulted in (i) the expected time-of-flight (TOF) response, (ii) collected data that compared well with instrument reference data and (iii) revealing the diagnostic power of the performed integration tests. The results of this integration test validate the ESS chopper and detector DAQ architecture choices., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures

Published
2019
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4. Tomographic Reconstruction of Triaxial Strain Fields from Bragg-Edge Neutron Imaging

Author

Hendriks, J. N., Gregg, A. W. T., Jackson, R. R., Wensrich, C. M., Wills, A., Tremsin, A. S., Shinohara, T., Luzin, V., and Kirstein, O.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

This paper presents a proof-of-concept demonstration of triaxial strain tomography from Bragg-edge neutron imaging within a three-dimensional sample. Bragg-edge neutron transmission can provide high-resolution images of the average through thickness strain within a polycrystalline material. This poses an associated rich tomography problem which seeks to reconstruct the full triaxial strain field from these images. The presented demonstration is an important step towards solving this problem, and towards a technique capable of studying the residual strain and stress within engineering components. A Gaussian process based approach is used that ensures the reconstruction satisfies equilibrium and known boundary conditions. This approach is demonstrated experimentally on a non-trivial steel sample with use of the RADEN instrument at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex. Validation of the reconstruction is provided by comparison with conventional strain scans from the KOWARI constant-wavelength strain diffractometer at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation and simulations via finite element analysis.

Published
2019
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5. Multi-Grid Detector for Neutron Spectroscopy: Results Obtained on Time-of-Flight Spectrometer CNCS

Author

Anastasopoulos, M., Bebb, R., Berry, K., Birch, J., Bryś, T., Buffet, J. -C., Clergeau, J. -F., Deen, P. P., Ehlers, G., van Esch, P., Everett, S. M., Guerard, B., Hall-Wilton, R., Herwig, K., Hultman, L., Höglund, C., Iruretagoiena, I., Issa, F., Jensen, J., Khaplanov, A., Kirstein, O., Lopez-Higuera, I., Piscitelli, F., Robinson, L., Schmidt, S., and Stefanescu, I.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Multi-Grid detector technology has evolved from the proof-of-principle and characterisation stages. Here we report on the performance of the Multi-Grid detector, the MG.CNCS prototype, which has been installed and tested at the Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer, CNCS at SNS. This has allowed a side-by-side comparison to the performance of $^3$He detectors on an operational instrument. The demonstrator has an active area of 0.2 m$^2$. It is specifically tailored to the specifications of CNCS. The detector was installed in June 2016 and has operated since then, collecting neutron scattering data in parallel to the He-3 detectors of CNCS. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of this data, in particular on instrument energy resolution, rate capability, background and relative efficiency. Stability, gamma-ray and fast neutron sensitivity have also been investigated. The effect of scattering in the detector components has been measured and provides input to comparison for Monte Carlo simulations. All data is presented in comparison to that measured by the $^3$He detectors simultaneously, showing that all features recorded by one detector are also recorded by the other. The energy resolution matches closely. We find that the Multi-Grid is able to match the data collected by $^3$He, and see an indication of a considerable advantage in the count rate capability. Based on these results, we are confident that the Multi-Grid detector will be capable of producing high quality scientific data on chopper spectrometers utilising the unprecedented neutron flux of the ESS., Comment: submitted to JINST

Published
2017
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6. Neutron detectors for the ESS diffractometers

Author

Stefanescu, I., Christensen, M., Fenske, J., Hall-Wilton, R., Henry, P. F., Kirstein, O., Mueller, M., Nowak, G., Pooley, D., Raspino, D., Rhodes, N., Saroun, J., Schefer, J., Schooneveld, E., Sykora, J., and Schweika, W.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The ambitious instrument suite for the future European Spallation Source whose civil construction started recently in Lund, Sweden, demands a set of diverse and challenging requirements for the neutron detectors. For instance, the unprecedented high flux expected on the samples to be investigated in neutron diffraction or reflectometry experiments requires detectors that can handle high counting rates, while the investigation of sub-millimeter protein crystals will only be possible with large-area detectors that can achieve a position resolution as low as 200 {\mu}m. This has motivated an extensive research and development campaign to advance the state-of-the-art detector and to find new technologies that can reach maturity by the time the ESS will operate at full potential. This paper presents the key detector requirements for three of the Time-of-Flight diffraction instrument concepts selected by the Scientific Advisory Committee to advance into the phase of preliminary engineering design. We discuss the available detector technologies suitable for this particular instrument class and their major challenges. The detector technologies selected by the instrument teams to collect the diffraction patterns are briefly discussed. Analytical calculations, Monte-Carlo simulations, and real experimental data are used to develop a generic method to esti- mate the event rate in the diffraction detectors. The proposed approach is based upon conservative assumptions that use information and input parameters that reflect our current level of knowledge and understanding of the ESS project. We apply this method to make predictions for the future diffraction instruments, and thus provide additional information that can help the instrument teams with the optimisation of the detector designs., Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures

Published
2016
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7. Cost Optimisation of an Instrument Suite at an Accelerator-Driven Spallation Source

Author

Bentley, P. M., Zendler, C. S., and Kirstein, O.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

This artcile presents an optimisation of performance and cost of neutron scattering instrumentation at the European Spallation Source. This is done by trading detailed cost functions against beam transmission functions in a multi-dimensional, yet simple, parameter space. On the one hand, the neutron guide cost increases as a power of the desired beam divergence, and inversely with the minimum wavelength, due to the supermirror coating needed. On the other hand, the more neutrons are transported to the instrument the greater are the shielding costs to deal with the gamma rays that result from the eventual absorption of the neutrons. There are additional factors in that many of the parameters defining the neutron guide geometry are continuous variables, and the straightness of the guide increases the transmission of high energy spallation products, which affect the specifications of particularly heavy hardware, such as heavy shutters and additional shielding, beam stops etc. Over the suite of 16 instruments, a maximum potential cost saving is identified in the vicinity of 20 M\euro \,, with negligible penalties on instrument performance and bandwidth, by trading minimum neutron wavelength $\lambda$ against total optical costs and shielding costs. Finally, these cost calculations are shown to be consistent with those at real world, existing spallation source facilities.

Published
2016

8. Time- and energy-resolved effects in the boron-10 based multi-grid and helium-3 based thermal neutron detectors

Author

Backis, A., Khaplanov, A., Al Jebali, R., Ammer, R., Apostolidis, I., Birch, J., Lai, C. C., Deen, P. P., Etxegarai, M., Ruette, N. de, Freita Ramos, J., Förster, D. F., Haettner, E., Hall-Wilton, R., Hamilton, D., Höglund, C., Kadletz, P. M., Kanaki, K., Karnickis, E., Kirstein, O., Kolya, S., Kraujalyte, Z., Laloni, A., Livingston, K., Löhman, O., Maulerova, V., Mauritzon, N., Müller, F., Lopez Higuera, I., Richter, T., Robinson, L., Roth, R., Shetty, M., Taylor, J., Woracek, R., Xiong, W., Backis, A., Khaplanov, A., Al Jebali, R., Ammer, R., Apostolidis, I., Birch, J., Lai, C. C., Deen, P. P., Etxegarai, M., Ruette, N. de, Freita Ramos, J., Förster, D. F., Haettner, E., Hall-Wilton, R., Hamilton, D., Höglund, C., Kadletz, P. M., Kanaki, K., Karnickis, E., Kirstein, O., Kolya, S., Kraujalyte, Z., Laloni, A., Livingston, K., Löhman, O., Maulerova, V., Mauritzon, N., Müller, F., Lopez Higuera, I., Richter, T., Robinson, L., Roth, R., Shetty, M., Taylor, J., Woracek, R., and Xiong, W.

Abstract

The boron-10 based multi-grid detector is being developed as an alternative to helium-3 based neutron detectors. At the European Spallation Source, the detector will be used for time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy at cold to thermal neutron energies. The objective of this work is to investigate fine time- and energy-resolved effects of the Multi-Grid detector, down to a few µeV, while comparing it to the performance of a typical helium-3 tube. Furthermore, it is to characterize differences between the detector technologies in terms of internal scattering, as well as the time reconstruction of ∼ µs short neutron pulses. The data were taken at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, where the Multi-Grid detector and a helium-3 tube were installed at the ESS test beamline, V20. Using a Fermi-chopper, the neutron beam of the reactor was chopped into a few tens of µs wide pulses before reaching the detector, located a few tens of cm downstream. The data of the measurements show an agreement between the derived and calculated neutron detection efficiency curve. The data also provide fine details on the effect of internal scattering, and how it can be reduced. For the first time, the chopper resolution was comparable to the timing resolution of the Multi-Grid detector. This allowed a detailed study of time- and energy resolved effects, as well as a comparison with a typical helium-3 tube.

Published
2024

10. The instrument suite of the European Spallation Source

Author

Andersen, K, Argyriou, D, Jackson, A, Houston, J, Henry, P, Deen, P, Toft-Petersen, R, Beran, P, Strobl, M, Arnold, T, Wacklin-Knecht, H, Tsapatsaris, N, Oksanen, E, Woracek, R, Schweika, W, Mannix, D, Hiess, A, Kennedy, S, Kirstein, O, Petersson Arskold, S, Taylor, J, Hagen, M, Laszlo, G, Kanaki, K, Piscitelli, F, Khaplanov, A, Stefanescu, I, Kittelmann, T, Pfeiffer, D, Hall-Wilton, R, Lopez, C, Aprigliano, G, Whitelegg, L, Moreira, F, Olsson, M, Bordallo, H, Martin-Rodriguez, D, Schneider, H, Sharp, M, Hartl, M, Nagy, G, Ansell, S, Pullen, S, Vickery, A, Fedrigo, A, Mezei, F, Arai, M, Heenan, R, Halcrow, W, Turner, D, Raspino, D, Orszulik, A, Cooper, J, Webb, N, Galsworthy, P, Nightingale, J, Langridge, S, Elmer, J, Frielinghaus, H, Hanslik, R, Gussen, A, Jaksch, S, Engels, R, Kozielewski, T, Butterweck, S, Feygenson, M, Harbott, P, Poque, A, Schwaab, A, Lieutenant, K, Violini, N, Voigt, J, Bruckel, T, Koenen, M, Kammerling, H, Babcock, E, Salhi, Z, Wischnewski, A, Heynen, A, Desert, S, Jestin, J, Porcher, F, Fabreges, X, Fabreges, G, Annighofer, B, Klimko, S, Dupont, T, Robillard, T, Goukassov, A, Longeville, S, Alba-Simionesco, C, Bourges, P, Guyon Le Bouffy, J, Lavie, P, Rodrigues, S, Calzada, E, Lerche, M, Schillinger, B, Schmakat, P, Schulz, M, Seifert, M, Lohstroh, W, Petry, W, Neuhaus, J, Loaiza, L, Tartaglione, A, Glavic, A, Schutz, S, Stahn, J, Lehmann, E, Morgano, M, Schefer, J, Filges, U, Klauser, C, Niedermayer, C, Fenske, J, Nowak, G, Rouijaa, M, Siemers, D, Kiehn, R, Muller, M, Carlsen, H, Udby, L, Lefmann, K, Birk, J, Holm-Dahlin, S, Bertelsen, M, Hansen, U, Olsen, M, Christensen, M, Iversen, K, Christensen, N, Ronnow, H, Freeman, P, Hauback, B, Kolevatov, R, Llamas-Jansa, I, Orecchini, A, Sacchetti, F, Petrillo, C, Paciaroni, A, Tozzi, P, Zanatta, M, Luna, P, Herranz, I, del Moral, O, Huerta, M, Magan, M, Mosconi, M, Abad, E, Aguilar, J, Stepanyan, S, Bakedano, G, Vivanco, R, Bustinduy, I, Sordo, F, Martinez, J, Lechner, R, Villacorta, F, Saroun, J, Lukas, P, Marko, M, Zanetti, M, Bellissima, S, del Rosso, L, Masi, F, Bovo, C, Chowdhury, M, De Bonis, A, Di Fresco, L, Scatigno, C, Parker, S, Fernandez-Alonso, F, Colognesi, D, Senesi, R, Andreani, C, Gorini, G, Scionti, G, Schreyer, A, Andersen K. H., Argyriou D. N., Jackson A. J., Houston J., Henry P. F., Deen P. P., Toft-Petersen R., Beran P., Strobl M., Arnold T., Wacklin-Knecht H., Tsapatsaris N., Oksanen E., Woracek R., Schweika W., Mannix D., Hiess A., Kennedy S., Kirstein O., Petersson Arskold S., Taylor J., Hagen M. E., Laszlo G., Kanaki K., Piscitelli F., Khaplanov A., Stefanescu I., Kittelmann T., Pfeiffer D., Hall-Wilton R., Lopez C. I., Aprigliano G., Whitelegg L., Moreira F. Y., Olsson M., Bordallo H. N., Martin-Rodriguez D., Schneider H., Sharp M., Hartl M., Nagy G., Ansell S., Pullen S., Vickery A., Fedrigo A., Mezei F., Arai M., Heenan R. K., Halcrow W., Turner D., Raspino D., Orszulik A., Cooper J., Webb N., Galsworthy P., Nightingale J., Langridge S., Elmer J., Frielinghaus H., Hanslik R., Gussen A., Jaksch S., Engels R., Kozielewski T., Butterweck S., Feygenson M., Harbott P., Poque A., Schwaab A., Lieutenant K., Violini N., Voigt J., Bruckel T., Koenen M., Kammerling H., Babcock E., Salhi Z., Wischnewski A., Heynen A., Desert S., Jestin J., Porcher F., Fabreges X., Fabreges G., Annighofer B., Klimko S., Dupont T., Robillard T., Goukassov A., Longeville S., Alba-Simionesco C., Bourges P., Guyon Le Bouffy J., Lavie P., Rodrigues S., Calzada E., Lerche M., Schillinger B., Schmakat P., Schulz M., Seifert M., Lohstroh W., Petry W., Neuhaus J., Loaiza L., Tartaglione A., Glavic A., Schutz S., Stahn J., Lehmann E., Morgano M., Schefer J., Filges U., Klauser C., Niedermayer C., Fenske J., Nowak G., Rouijaa M., Siemers D. J., Kiehn R., Muller M., Carlsen H., Udby L., Lefmann K., Birk J. O., Holm-Dahlin S., Bertelsen M., Hansen U. B., Olsen M. A., Christensen M., Iversen K., Christensen N. B., Ronnow H. M., Freeman P. G., Hauback B. C., Kolevatov R., Llamas-Jansa I., Orecchini A., Sacchetti F., Petrillo C., Paciaroni A., Tozzi P., Zanatta M., Luna P., Herranz I., del Moral O. G., Huerta M., Magan M., Mosconi M., Abad E., Aguilar J., Stepanyan S., Bakedano G., Vivanco R., Bustinduy I., Sordo F., Martinez J. L., Lechner R. E., Villacorta F. J., Saroun J., Lukas P., Marko M., Zanetti M., Bellissima S., del Rosso L., Masi F., Bovo C., Chowdhury M., De Bonis A., Di Fresco L., Scatigno C., Parker S. F., Fernandez-Alonso F., Colognesi D., Senesi R., Andreani C., Gorini G., Scionti G., Schreyer A., Andersen, K, Argyriou, D, Jackson, A, Houston, J, Henry, P, Deen, P, Toft-Petersen, R, Beran, P, Strobl, M, Arnold, T, Wacklin-Knecht, H, Tsapatsaris, N, Oksanen, E, Woracek, R, Schweika, W, Mannix, D, Hiess, A, Kennedy, S, Kirstein, O, Petersson Arskold, S, Taylor, J, Hagen, M, Laszlo, G, Kanaki, K, Piscitelli, F, Khaplanov, A, Stefanescu, I, Kittelmann, T, Pfeiffer, D, Hall-Wilton, R, Lopez, C, Aprigliano, G, Whitelegg, L, Moreira, F, Olsson, M, Bordallo, H, Martin-Rodriguez, D, Schneider, H, Sharp, M, Hartl, M, Nagy, G, Ansell, S, Pullen, S, Vickery, A, Fedrigo, A, Mezei, F, Arai, M, Heenan, R, Halcrow, W, Turner, D, Raspino, D, Orszulik, A, Cooper, J, Webb, N, Galsworthy, P, Nightingale, J, Langridge, S, Elmer, J, Frielinghaus, H, Hanslik, R, Gussen, A, Jaksch, S, Engels, R, Kozielewski, T, Butterweck, S, Feygenson, M, Harbott, P, Poque, A, Schwaab, A, Lieutenant, K, Violini, N, Voigt, J, Bruckel, T, Koenen, M, Kammerling, H, Babcock, E, Salhi, Z, Wischnewski, A, Heynen, A, Desert, S, Jestin, J, Porcher, F, Fabreges, X, Fabreges, G, Annighofer, B, Klimko, S, Dupont, T, Robillard, T, Goukassov, A, Longeville, S, Alba-Simionesco, C, Bourges, P, Guyon Le Bouffy, J, Lavie, P, Rodrigues, S, Calzada, E, Lerche, M, Schillinger, B, Schmakat, P, Schulz, M, Seifert, M, Lohstroh, W, Petry, W, Neuhaus, J, Loaiza, L, Tartaglione, A, Glavic, A, Schutz, S, Stahn, J, Lehmann, E, Morgano, M, Schefer, J, Filges, U, Klauser, C, Niedermayer, C, Fenske, J, Nowak, G, Rouijaa, M, Siemers, D, Kiehn, R, Muller, M, Carlsen, H, Udby, L, Lefmann, K, Birk, J, Holm-Dahlin, S, Bertelsen, M, Hansen, U, Olsen, M, Christensen, M, Iversen, K, Christensen, N, Ronnow, H, Freeman, P, Hauback, B, Kolevatov, R, Llamas-Jansa, I, Orecchini, A, Sacchetti, F, Petrillo, C, Paciaroni, A, Tozzi, P, Zanatta, M, Luna, P, Herranz, I, del Moral, O, Huerta, M, Magan, M, Mosconi, M, Abad, E, Aguilar, J, Stepanyan, S, Bakedano, G, Vivanco, R, Bustinduy, I, Sordo, F, Martinez, J, Lechner, R, Villacorta, F, Saroun, J, Lukas, P, Marko, M, Zanetti, M, Bellissima, S, del Rosso, L, Masi, F, Bovo, C, Chowdhury, M, De Bonis, A, Di Fresco, L, Scatigno, C, Parker, S, Fernandez-Alonso, F, Colognesi, D, Senesi, R, Andreani, C, Gorini, G, Scionti, G, Schreyer, A, Andersen K. H., Argyriou D. N., Jackson A. J., Houston J., Henry P. F., Deen P. P., Toft-Petersen R., Beran P., Strobl M., Arnold T., Wacklin-Knecht H., Tsapatsaris N., Oksanen E., Woracek R., Schweika W., Mannix D., Hiess A., Kennedy S., Kirstein O., Petersson Arskold S., Taylor J., Hagen M. E., Laszlo G., Kanaki K., Piscitelli F., Khaplanov A., Stefanescu I., Kittelmann T., Pfeiffer D., Hall-Wilton R., Lopez C. I., Aprigliano G., Whitelegg L., Moreira F. Y., Olsson M., Bordallo H. N., Martin-Rodriguez D., Schneider H., Sharp M., Hartl M., Nagy G., Ansell S., Pullen S., Vickery A., Fedrigo A., Mezei F., Arai M., Heenan R. K., Halcrow W., Turner D., Raspino D., Orszulik A., Cooper J., Webb N., Galsworthy P., Nightingale J., Langridge S., Elmer J., Frielinghaus H., Hanslik R., Gussen A., Jaksch S., Engels R., Kozielewski T., Butterweck S., Feygenson M., Harbott P., Poque A., Schwaab A., Lieutenant K., Violini N., Voigt J., Bruckel T., Koenen M., Kammerling H., Babcock E., Salhi Z., Wischnewski A., Heynen A., Desert S., Jestin J., Porcher F., Fabreges X., Fabreges G., Annighofer B., Klimko S., Dupont T., Robillard T., Goukassov A., Longeville S., Alba-Simionesco C., Bourges P., Guyon Le Bouffy J., Lavie P., Rodrigues S., Calzada E., Lerche M., Schillinger B., Schmakat P., Schulz M., Seifert M., Lohstroh W., Petry W., Neuhaus J., Loaiza L., Tartaglione A., Glavic A., Schutz S., Stahn J., Lehmann E., Morgano M., Schefer J., Filges U., Klauser C., Niedermayer C., Fenske J., Nowak G., Rouijaa M., Siemers D. J., Kiehn R., Muller M., Carlsen H., Udby L., Lefmann K., Birk J. O., Holm-Dahlin S., Bertelsen M., Hansen U. B., Olsen M. A., Christensen M., Iversen K., Christensen N. B., Ronnow H. M., Freeman P. G., Hauback B. C., Kolevatov R., Llamas-Jansa I., Orecchini A., Sacchetti F., Petrillo C., Paciaroni A., Tozzi P., Zanatta M., Luna P., Herranz I., del Moral O. G., Huerta M., Magan M., Mosconi M., Abad E., Aguilar J., Stepanyan S., Bakedano G., Vivanco R., Bustinduy I., Sordo F., Martinez J. L., Lechner R. E., Villacorta F. J., Saroun J., Lukas P., Marko M., Zanetti M., Bellissima S., del Rosso L., Masi F., Bovo C., Chowdhury M., De Bonis A., Di Fresco L., Scatigno C., Parker S. F., Fernandez-Alonso F., Colognesi D., Senesi R., Andreani C., Gorini G., Scionti G., and Schreyer A.

Abstract

An overview is provided of the 15 neutron beam instruments making up the initial instrument suite of the European Spallation Source (ESS), and being made available to the neutron user community. The ESS neutron source consists of a high-power accelerator and target station, providing a unique long-pulse time structure of slow neutrons. The design considerations behind the time structure, moderator geometry and instrument layout are presented. The 15-instrument suite consists of two small-angle instruments, two reflectometers, an imaging beamline, two single-crystal diffractometers; one for macromolecular crystallography and one for magnetism, two powder diffractometers, and an engineering diffractometer, as well as an array of five inelastic instruments comprising two chopper spectrometers, an inverse-geometry single-crystal excitations spectrometer, an instrument for vibrational spectroscopy and a high-resolution backscattering spectrometer. The conceptual design, performance and scientific drivers of each of these instruments are described. All of the instruments are designed to provide breakthrough new scientific capability, not currently available at existing facilities, building on the inherent strengths of the ESS long-pulse neutron source of high flux, flexible resolution and large bandwidth. Each of them is predicted to provide world-leading performance at an accelerator power of 2 MW. This technical capability translates into a very broad range of scientific capabilities. The composition of the instrument suite has been chosen to maximise the breadth and depth of the scientific impact of the early years of the ESS, and provide a solid base for completion and further expansion of the facility.

Published
2020

11. Evaluation of a method for time-of-flight, wavelength and neutron flight path calibration for neutron scattering instruments by means of a mini-chopper and standard neutron monitors

Author

Vergara, L., Arai, M., Woracek, R., Olsson, M., Quintanilla, A., Alcock, S., Nilsson, J., Kanaki, K., Kadletz, P. M., Kirstein, O., Hall-Wilton, R., and Tsapatsaris, N.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Accurate conversion of neutron time-of-flight (TOF) to wavelength is of fundamental importance to neutron scattering measurements in order to ensure the accuracy of the instruments and the experimental results. Equally important in these measurements is the determination of uncertainties, and with the appropriate precision. Especially in cases where instruments are highly configurable, the determination of the absolute wavelength after any change must always be performed (e.g. change of detector position). Inspired by the manner with which neutron spectrometers determine the absolute wavelength, we evaluate for the first time, in the author's knowledge, a commonly used method for converting TOF to neutron wavelength by measuring the neutron flight path length from the source of neutrons to a monitor and we proceed to analytically calculate the uncertainty contributions that limit the precision of the conversion. The method was evaluated at the V20 test beamline at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB), emulating the ESS source with a long pulse of 2.86 ms length and 14 Hz repetition rate, by using a mini-chopper operated at 140 Hz and two portable beam monitors (BMs), as well as accompanied data acquisition infrastructure. The mini-chopper created well-defined neutron pulses and the BM was placed at two positions, enabling the average wavelength of each of the pulses created to be determined. The used experimental setup resulted in absolute wavelength determination at the monitor positions with a δλ mean / λ mean of ∼1.8% for λ > 4 Å. With the use of a thinner monitor, a δλ mean / λ mean of ∼1% can be reached and with a modest increase of the distance between the reference monitor positions a δλ mean / λ mean of below 0.5% can be achieved. Further improvements are possible by using smaller chopper disc openings and a higher rotational speed chopper. The method requires only two neutron measurements and doesn't necessitate the use of crystals or complex fitting with sigmoid functions and multiple free variables, and could constitute a suitable addition to imaging, diffraction, reflectometers and small angle neutron scattering instruments, at spallation sources, that do not normally utilise fast choppers.

Published
2023
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13. Time-and energy-resolved effects in the boron-10 based multi-grid and helium-3 based thermal neutron detectors

Author

Backis, A., Khaplanov, A., Al Jebali, R., Ammer, R., Apostolidis, I., Birch, J., Lai, C.-C., Deen, P.P., Etxegarai, M., de Ruette, N., Freita Ramos, J., Forster, D.F., Haettner, E., Hall-Wilton, R., Hamilton, D., Hoglund, C., Kadletz, P. M., Kanaki, K., Karnickis, E., Kirstein, O., Kolya, S., Kraujalyte, Z., Laloni, A., Livingston, K., Lohman, O., Maulerova, V., Mauritzon, N., Muller, F., Lopez Higuera, I., Richter, T., Robinson, L., Roth, R., Shetty, M., Taylor, J., Woracek, R., and Xiong, W.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The boron-10 based Multi-Grid detector is being developed as an alternative to helium-3 based neutron detectors. At the European Spallation Source, the detector will be used for time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy at cold to thermal neutron energies. The objective of this work is to investigate fine time- and energy-resolved effects of the Multi-Grid detector, down to a few μeV, while comparing it to the performance of a typical helium-3 tube. Furthermore, it is to characterize differences between the detector technologies in terms of internal scattering, as well as the time reconstruction of ~ μs short neutron pulses. The data were taken at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, where the Multi-Grid detector and a helium-3 tube were installed at the ESS test beamline, V20. Using a Fermi-chopper, the neutron beam of the reactor was chopped into a few tens of μs wide pulses before reaching the detector, located a few tens of cm downstream. The data of the measurements show an agreement between the derived and calculated neutron detection efficiency curve. The data also provide fine details on the effect of internal scattering, and how it can be reduced. For the first time, the chopper resolution was comparable to the timing resolution of the Multi-Grid detector. This allowed a detailed study of time- and energy resolved effects, as well as a comparison with a typical helium-3 tube.

Published
2021

15. The instrument suite of the European Spallation Source

Author

Andersen, K. H., Argyriou, D. N., Jackson, A. J., Houston, J., Henry, P. F., Deen, P. P., Toft-Petersen, R., Beran, P., Strobl, M., Arnold, T., Wacklin-Knecht, H., Tsapatsaris, N., Oksanen, E., Woracek, R., Schweika, W., Mannix, D., Hiess, A., Kennedy, S., Kirstein, O., Petersson Årsköld, S., Taylor, J., Hagen, M. E., Laszlo, G., Kanaki, K., Piscitelli, F., Khaplanov, A., Stefanescu, I., Kittelmann, Th, Pfeiffer, D., Olsson, M., Bordallo, H. N., Vickery, A., Fedrigo, A., Rodrigues, S., Lerche, M., Schulz, M., Müller, M., Carlsen, H., Udby, L., Lefmann, K., Birk, J. O., Holm-Dahlin, S., Bertelsen, M., Hansen, U. Bengaard, Olsen, M. A., Christensen, M., Iversen, K., Christensen, N. B., Rønnow, H. M., Chowdhury, M., Andersen, K. H., Argyriou, D. N., Jackson, A. J., Houston, J., Henry, P. F., Deen, P. P., Toft-Petersen, R., Beran, P., Strobl, M., Arnold, T., Wacklin-Knecht, H., Tsapatsaris, N., Oksanen, E., Woracek, R., Schweika, W., Mannix, D., Hiess, A., Kennedy, S., Kirstein, O., Petersson Årsköld, S., Taylor, J., Hagen, M. E., Laszlo, G., Kanaki, K., Piscitelli, F., Khaplanov, A., Stefanescu, I., Kittelmann, Th, Pfeiffer, D., Olsson, M., Bordallo, H. N., Vickery, A., Fedrigo, A., Rodrigues, S., Lerche, M., Schulz, M., Müller, M., Carlsen, H., Udby, L., Lefmann, K., Birk, J. O., Holm-Dahlin, S., Bertelsen, M., Hansen, U. Bengaard, Olsen, M. A., Christensen, M., Iversen, K., Christensen, N. B., Rønnow, H. M., and Chowdhury, M.

Abstract

An overview is provided of the 15 neutron beam instruments making up the initial instrument suite of the European Spallation Source (ESS), and being made available to the neutron user community. The ESS neutron source consists of a high-power accelerator and target station, providing a unique long-pulse time structure of slow neutrons. The design considerations behind the time structure, moderator geometry and instrument layout are presented. The 15-instrument suite consists of two small-angle instruments, two reflectometers, an imaging beamline, two single-crystal diffractometers; one for macromolecular crystallography and one for magnetism, two powder diffractometers, and an engineering diffractometer, as well as an array of five inelastic instruments comprising two chopper spectrometers, an inverse-geometry single-crystal excitations spectrometer, an instrument for vibrational spectroscopy and a high-resolution backscattering spectrometer. The conceptual design, performance and scientific drivers of each of these instruments are described. All of the instruments are designed to provide breakthrough new scientific capability, not currently available at existing facilities, building on the inherent strengths of the ESS long-pulse neutron source of high flux, flexible resolution and large bandwidth. Each of them is predicted to provide world-leading performance at an accelerator power of 2 MW. This technical capability translates into a very broad range of scientific capabilities. The composition of the instrument suite has been chosen to maximise the breadth and depth of the scientific impact of the early years of the ESS, and provide a solid base for completion and further expansion of the facility.

Published
2020

16. The instrument suite of the European Spallation Source

Author

Andersen, K.H., Argyriou, D.N, Jackson, A.J., Houston, J., Henry, P.F., Deen, P.P., Toft-Petersen, R., Beran, P., Strobl, M., Arnold, T., Wacklin-Knecht, H., Tsapatsaris, N., Oksanen, E., Woracek, R., Schweika, W., Mannix, D., Hiess, A., Kennedy, S., Kirstein, O., Petersson Årsköld, S., Taylor, J., Hagen, M.E., Laszlo, G., Kanaki, K., Piscitelli, F., Khaplanov, A., Stefanescu, I., Kittelmann, Th., Pfeiffer, D., Hall-Wilton, R., Lopez, C.I., Aprigliano, G., Whitelegg, L., Moreira, F.Y., Olsson, M., Bordallo, H.N., Martín-Rodríguez, D., Schneider, H., Sharp, M., Hartl, M., Nagy, G., Ansell, S., Pullen, S., Vickery, A., Fedrigo, A., Mezei, F., Arai, M., Heenan, R.K., Halcrow, W., Turner, D., Raspino, D., Orszulik, A., Cooper, J., Webb, N., Galsworthy, P., Nightingale, J., Langridge, S., Elmer, J., Frielinghaus, H., Hanslik, R., Gussen, A., Jaksch, S., Engels, R., Kozielewski, T., Butterweck, S., Feygenson, M., Harbott, P., Poqué, A., Schwaab, A., Lieutenant, K., Violini, N., Voigt, J., Brückel, T., Koenen, M., Kämmerling, H., Babcock, E., Salhi, Z., Wischnewski, A., Heynen, A., Désert, S., Jestin, J., Porcher, F., Fabrèges, X., Fabrèges, G., Annighöfer, B., Klimko, S., Dupont, Th., Robillard, Th., Goukassov, A., Longeville, S., Alba-Simionesco, Ch., Bourges, Ph., Guyon Le Bouffy, J., Lavie, P., Rodrigues, S., Calzada, E., Lerche, M., Schillinger, B., Schmakat, Ph., Schulz, M., Seifert, M., Lohstroh, W., Petry, W., Neuhaus, J., Loaiza, L., Tartaglione, A., Glavic, A., Schütz, S., Stahn, J., Lehmann, E., Morgano, M., Schefer, J., Filges, U., Klauser, Ch., Niedermayer, Ch., Fenske, J., Nowak, G., Rouijaa, M., Siemers, D.J., Kiehn, R., Müller, M., Carlsen, H., Udby, L., Lefmann, K., Birk, J.O., Holm-Dahlin, S., Bertelsen, M., Hansen, U. Bengaard, Olsen, M.A., Christensen, M., Iversen, K., Christensen, N.B., Rønnow, H.M., Freeman, Paul Gregory, Hauback, B.C., Kolevatov, R., Llamas-Jansa, I., Orecchini, A., Sacchetti, F., Petrillo, C., Paciaroni, A., Tozzi, P., Zanatta, M., Luna, P., Herranz, I., del Moral, O.G., Huerta, M., Magán, M., Mosconi, M., Abad, E., Aguilar, J., Stepanyan, S., Bakedano, G., Vivanco, R., Bustinduy, I., Sordo, F., Martínez, J.L., Lechner, R.E., Villacorta, F.J., Šaroun, J., Lukáš, P., Markó, M., Zanetti, M., Bellissima, S., del Rosso, L., Masi, F., Bovo, C., Chowdhury, M., De Bonis, A., Di Fresco, L., Scatigno, C., Parker, S.F., Fernandez-Alonso, F., Colognesi, D., Senesi, R., Andreani, C., Gorini, G., Scionti, G., Schreyer, A., Andersen, K.H., Argyriou, D.N, Jackson, A.J., Houston, J., Henry, P.F., Deen, P.P., Toft-Petersen, R., Beran, P., Strobl, M., Arnold, T., Wacklin-Knecht, H., Tsapatsaris, N., Oksanen, E., Woracek, R., Schweika, W., Mannix, D., Hiess, A., Kennedy, S., Kirstein, O., Petersson Årsköld, S., Taylor, J., Hagen, M.E., Laszlo, G., Kanaki, K., Piscitelli, F., Khaplanov, A., Stefanescu, I., Kittelmann, Th., Pfeiffer, D., Hall-Wilton, R., Lopez, C.I., Aprigliano, G., Whitelegg, L., Moreira, F.Y., Olsson, M., Bordallo, H.N., Martín-Rodríguez, D., Schneider, H., Sharp, M., Hartl, M., Nagy, G., Ansell, S., Pullen, S., Vickery, A., Fedrigo, A., Mezei, F., Arai, M., Heenan, R.K., Halcrow, W., Turner, D., Raspino, D., Orszulik, A., Cooper, J., Webb, N., Galsworthy, P., Nightingale, J., Langridge, S., Elmer, J., Frielinghaus, H., Hanslik, R., Gussen, A., Jaksch, S., Engels, R., Kozielewski, T., Butterweck, S., Feygenson, M., Harbott, P., Poqué, A., Schwaab, A., Lieutenant, K., Violini, N., Voigt, J., Brückel, T., Koenen, M., Kämmerling, H., Babcock, E., Salhi, Z., Wischnewski, A., Heynen, A., Désert, S., Jestin, J., Porcher, F., Fabrèges, X., Fabrèges, G., Annighöfer, B., Klimko, S., Dupont, Th., Robillard, Th., Goukassov, A., Longeville, S., Alba-Simionesco, Ch., Bourges, Ph., Guyon Le Bouffy, J., Lavie, P., Rodrigues, S., Calzada, E., Lerche, M., Schillinger, B., Schmakat, Ph., Schulz, M., Seifert, M., Lohstroh, W., Petry, W., Neuhaus, J., Loaiza, L., Tartaglione, A., Glavic, A., Schütz, S., Stahn, J., Lehmann, E., Morgano, M., Schefer, J., Filges, U., Klauser, Ch., Niedermayer, Ch., Fenske, J., Nowak, G., Rouijaa, M., Siemers, D.J., Kiehn, R., Müller, M., Carlsen, H., Udby, L., Lefmann, K., Birk, J.O., Holm-Dahlin, S., Bertelsen, M., Hansen, U. Bengaard, Olsen, M.A., Christensen, M., Iversen, K., Christensen, N.B., Rønnow, H.M., Freeman, Paul Gregory, Hauback, B.C., Kolevatov, R., Llamas-Jansa, I., Orecchini, A., Sacchetti, F., Petrillo, C., Paciaroni, A., Tozzi, P., Zanatta, M., Luna, P., Herranz, I., del Moral, O.G., Huerta, M., Magán, M., Mosconi, M., Abad, E., Aguilar, J., Stepanyan, S., Bakedano, G., Vivanco, R., Bustinduy, I., Sordo, F., Martínez, J.L., Lechner, R.E., Villacorta, F.J., Šaroun, J., Lukáš, P., Markó, M., Zanetti, M., Bellissima, S., del Rosso, L., Masi, F., Bovo, C., Chowdhury, M., De Bonis, A., Di Fresco, L., Scatigno, C., Parker, S.F., Fernandez-Alonso, F., Colognesi, D., Senesi, R., Andreani, C., Gorini, G., Scionti, G., and Schreyer, A.

Abstract

An overview is provided of the 15 neutron beam instruments making up the initial instrument suite of the European Spallation Source (ESS), and being made available to the neutron user community. The ESS neutron source consists of a high-power accelerator and target station, providing a unique long-pulse time structure of slow neutrons. The design considerations behind the time structure, moderator geometry and instrument layout are presented. The 15-instrument suite consists of two small-angle instruments, two reflectometers, an imaging beamline, two single-crystal diffractometers; one for macromolecular crystallography and one for magnetism, two powder diffractometers, and an engineering diffractometer, as well as an array of five inelastic instruments comprising two chopper spectrometers, an inverse-geometry single-crystal excitations spectrometer, an instrument for vibrational spectroscopy and a high-resolution backscattering spectrometer. The conceptual design, performance and scientific drivers of each of these instruments are described. All of the instruments are designed to provide breakthrough new scientific capability, not currently available at existing facilities, building on the inherent strengths of the ESS long-pulse neutron source of high flux, flexible resolution and large bandwidth. Each of them is predicted to provide world-leading performance at an accelerator power of 2 MW. This technical capability translates into a very broad range of scientific capabilities. The composition of the instrument suite has been chosen to maximise the breadth and depth of the scientific impact of

Published
2020

17. The instrument suite of the European Spallation Source

Author

Swedish Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), European Commission, Andersen, K. H., Argyriou, D. N., Jackson, A. J., Houston, J., Henry, P. F., Deen, P. P., Toft-Petersen, R., Beran, P., Strobl, M., Arnold, T., Wacklin-Knecht, H., Tsapatsaris, N., Morgano, M., Schefer, J., Filges, U., Klauser, Ch., Niedermayer, Ch., Fenske, J., Nowak, G., Rouijaa, M., Siemers, D. J., Hagen, M. E., Kiehn, R., Oksanen, E., Müller, M., Carlsen, H., Udby, L., Lefmann, K., Birk, J. O., Holm-Dahlin, S., Bertelsen, M., Bengaard Hansen, U., Laszlo, G., Olsen, M. A., Christensen, M., Woracek, R., Iversen, K., Christensen, N. B., Rønnow, H. M., Freeman, P. G., Hauback, B. C., Kolevatov, R., Llamas-Jansa, I., Kanaki, K., Orecchini, A., Sacchetti, F., Petrillo, C., Schweika, W., Paciaroni, A., Tozzi, P., Zanatta, M., Luna, P., Herranz, I., Moral, O. G. del, Piscitelli, F., Huerta, M., Magán, M., Mosconi, M., Abad, E., Mannix, D., Aguilar, J., Stepanyan, S., Bakedano, G., Vivanco, R., Bustinduy, I., Khaplanov, A., Sordo, F., Martínez, J. L., Lechner, R. E., Villacorta, F. J., Šaroun, J., Hiess, A., Lukáš, P., Markó, M., Zanetti, M., Bellissima, S., Stefanescu, I., Rosso, L. del, Masi, F., Bovo, C., Chowdhury, M., De Bonis, A., Di Fresco, L., Kennedy, S., Scatigno, C., Parker, S. F., Fernández-Alonso, Félix, Kittelmann, Th., Colognesi, D., Senesi, R., Andreani, C., Gorini, G., Sciont, G., Schreyer, A., Kirstein, O., Petersson Årsköld, S., Taylor, J., Pfeiffer, D., Hall-Wilton, R., Lopez, C. I., Seifert, M., Aprigliano, G., Whitelegg, L., Moreira, F. Y., Olsson, M., Bordallo, Heloisa N., Martín-Rodríguez, D., Schneider, H., Sharp, M., Hartl, M., Nagy, G., Lohstroh, W., Ansell, S., Pullen, S., Vickery, A., Fedrigo, A., Mezei, F., Arai, M., Heenan, R. K., Halcrow, W., Turner, D., Raspino, D., Petry, W., Orszulik, A., Cooper, J., Webb, N., Galsworthy, P., Nightingale, J., Langridge, S., Elmer, J., Frielinghaus, H., Hanslik, R., Gussen, A., Neuhaus, J., Jaksch, S., Engels, R., Kozielewski, T., Butterweck, S., Feygenson, M., Harbott, P., Poqué, A., Schwaab, A., Lieutenant, K., Violini, N., Loaiza, L., Voigt, J., Brückel, Thomas, Koenen, M., Kämmerling, H., Babcock, E., Salhi, Z., Wischnewski, A., Heynen, A., Désert, S., Jestin, J., Tartaglione, A., Porcher, F., Fabrèges, X., Fabrèges, G., Annighöfer, B., Klimko, S., Dupont, Th., Robillard, Th., Goukassov, A., Longeville, S., Alba-Simionesco, Ch., Glavic, Artur G., Bourges, Ph., Guyon Le Bouffy, J., Lavie, P., Rodrigues, S., Calzada, E., Lerche, M., Schillinger, B., Schmakat, Ph., Schulz, M., Schütz, S., Stahn, J., Lehmann, E., Swedish Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), European Commission, Andersen, K. H., Argyriou, D. N., Jackson, A. J., Houston, J., Henry, P. F., Deen, P. P., Toft-Petersen, R., Beran, P., Strobl, M., Arnold, T., Wacklin-Knecht, H., Tsapatsaris, N., Morgano, M., Schefer, J., Filges, U., Klauser, Ch., Niedermayer, Ch., Fenske, J., Nowak, G., Rouijaa, M., Siemers, D. J., Hagen, M. E., Kiehn, R., Oksanen, E., Müller, M., Carlsen, H., Udby, L., Lefmann, K., Birk, J. O., Holm-Dahlin, S., Bertelsen, M., Bengaard Hansen, U., Laszlo, G., Olsen, M. A., Christensen, M., Woracek, R., Iversen, K., Christensen, N. B., Rønnow, H. M., Freeman, P. G., Hauback, B. C., Kolevatov, R., Llamas-Jansa, I., Kanaki, K., Orecchini, A., Sacchetti, F., Petrillo, C., Schweika, W., Paciaroni, A., Tozzi, P., Zanatta, M., Luna, P., Herranz, I., Moral, O. G. del, Piscitelli, F., Huerta, M., Magán, M., Mosconi, M., Abad, E., Mannix, D., Aguilar, J., Stepanyan, S., Bakedano, G., Vivanco, R., Bustinduy, I., Khaplanov, A., Sordo, F., Martínez, J. L., Lechner, R. E., Villacorta, F. J., Šaroun, J., Hiess, A., Lukáš, P., Markó, M., Zanetti, M., Bellissima, S., Stefanescu, I., Rosso, L. del, Masi, F., Bovo, C., Chowdhury, M., De Bonis, A., Di Fresco, L., Kennedy, S., Scatigno, C., Parker, S. F., Fernández-Alonso, Félix, Kittelmann, Th., Colognesi, D., Senesi, R., Andreani, C., Gorini, G., Sciont, G., Schreyer, A., Kirstein, O., Petersson Årsköld, S., Taylor, J., Pfeiffer, D., Hall-Wilton, R., Lopez, C. I., Seifert, M., Aprigliano, G., Whitelegg, L., Moreira, F. Y., Olsson, M., Bordallo, Heloisa N., Martín-Rodríguez, D., Schneider, H., Sharp, M., Hartl, M., Nagy, G., Lohstroh, W., Ansell, S., Pullen, S., Vickery, A., Fedrigo, A., Mezei, F., Arai, M., Heenan, R. K., Halcrow, W., Turner, D., Raspino, D., Petry, W., Orszulik, A., Cooper, J., Webb, N., Galsworthy, P., Nightingale, J., Langridge, S., Elmer, J., Frielinghaus, H., Hanslik, R., Gussen, A., Neuhaus, J., Jaksch, S., Engels, R., Kozielewski, T., Butterweck, S., Feygenson, M., Harbott, P., Poqué, A., Schwaab, A., Lieutenant, K., Violini, N., Loaiza, L., Voigt, J., Brückel, Thomas, Koenen, M., Kämmerling, H., Babcock, E., Salhi, Z., Wischnewski, A., Heynen, A., Désert, S., Jestin, J., Tartaglione, A., Porcher, F., Fabrèges, X., Fabrèges, G., Annighöfer, B., Klimko, S., Dupont, Th., Robillard, Th., Goukassov, A., Longeville, S., Alba-Simionesco, Ch., Glavic, Artur G., Bourges, Ph., Guyon Le Bouffy, J., Lavie, P., Rodrigues, S., Calzada, E., Lerche, M., Schillinger, B., Schmakat, Ph., Schulz, M., Schütz, S., Stahn, J., and Lehmann, E.

Abstract

An overview is provided of the 15 neutron beam instruments making up the initial instrument suite of the European Spallation Source (ESS), and being made available to the neutron user community. The ESS neutron source consists of a high-power accelerator and target station, providing a unique long-pulse time structure of slow neutrons. The design considerations behind the time structure, moderator geometry and instrument layout are presented. The 15-instrument suite consists of two small-angle instruments, two reflectometers, an imaging beamline, two single-crystal diffractometers; one for macromolecular crystallography and one for magnetism, two powder diffractometers, and an engineering diffractometer, as well as an array of five inelastic instruments comprising two chopper spectrometers, an inverse-geometry single-crystal excitations spectrometer, an instrument for vibrational spectroscopy and a high-resolution backscattering spectrometer. The conceptual design, performance and scientific drivers of each of these instruments are described. All of the instruments are designed to provide breakthrough new scientific capability, not currently available at existing facilities, building on the inherent strengths of the ESS long-pulse neutron source of high flux, flexible resolution and large bandwidth. Each of them is predicted to provide world-leading performance at an accelerator power of 2 MW. This technical capability translates into a very broad range of scientific capabilities. The composition of the instrument suite has been chosen to maximise the breadth and depth of the scientific impact of the early years of the ESS, and provide a solid base for completion and further expansion of the facility.

Published
2020

18. UCANS-8 in Paris Eighth International Meeting of the Union for Compact Accelerator-Driven Neutron Sources

Author

Ott, Frédéric, Menelle, Alain, Alba-Simionesco, Christiane, Andersen, K.H., Argyriou, D.N, Jackson, A.J., Houston, J., Henry, P.F., Deen, P.P., Toft-Petersen, R., Beran, P., Strobl, M., Arnold, T., Wacklin-Knecht, H., Tsapatsaris, N., Oksanen, E., Woracek, R., Schweika, W., Mannix, D., Hiess, A., Kennedy, S., Kirstein, O., Petersson Årsköld, S., Taylor, J., Hagen, M.E., Laszlo, G., Kanaki, K., Piscitelli, F., Khaplanov, A., Stefanescu, I., Kittelmann, Th., Pfeiffer, D., Hall-Wilton, R., Lopez, C.I., Aprigliano, G., Whitelegg, L., Moreira, F.Y., Olsson, M., Bordallo, H.N., Martín-Rodríguez, D., Schneider, Henri, Sharp, M., Hartl, M., Nagy, G., Ansell, S., Pullen, S., Vickery, A., Fedrigo, A., Mezei, F., Arai, M., Heenan, R.K., Halcrow, W., Turner, D., Raspino, D., Orszulik, A., Cooper, J., Webb, N., Galsworthy, P., Nightingale, J., Langridge, S., Elmer, J., Frielinghaus, H., Hanslik, R., Gussen, A., Jaksch, S., Engels, R., Kozielewski, T., Butterweck, S., Feygenson, M., Harbott, P., Poqué, A., Schwaab, A., Lieutenant, K., Violini, N., Voigt, J., Brückel, T., Koenen, M., Kämmerling, H., Babcock, E., Salhi, Z., Wischnewski, A., Heynen, A., Désert, S., Jestin, J., Porcher, F., Fabrèges, Xavier, Fabrèges, G., Annighöfer, B., Klimko, S., Dupont, Th., Robillard, Th., Goukassov, A., Longeville, S., Alba-Simionesco, Ch., Bourges, Ph., Guyon Le Bouffy, J., Lavie, P., Rodrigues, S., Calzada, E., Lerche, M., Schillinger, B., Schmakat, Ph., Schulz, M., Seifert, M., Lohstroh, W., Petry, W., Neuhaus, J., Loaiza, L., Tartaglione, A., Glavic, A., Schütz, S., Stahn, J., Lehmann, E., Morgano, M., Schefer, J., Filges, U., Klauser, Ch., Niedermayer, Ch., Fenske, J., Nowak, G., Rouijaa, M., Siemers, D.J., Kiehn, R., Müller, M., Carlsen, H., Udby, L., Lefmann, K., Birk, J.O., Holm-Dahlin, S., Bertelsen, M., Hansen, U. Bengaard, Olsen, M.A., Christensen, M., Iversen, K., Christensen, N.B., Rønnow, H.M., Freeman, P.G., Hauback, B.C., Kolevatov, R., Llamas-Jansa, I., Orecchini, A., Sacchetti, F., Petrillo, C., Paciaroni, A., Tozzi, P., Zanatta, M., Luna, P., Herranz, I., del Moral, O.G., Huerta, M., Magán, M., Mosconi, M., Abad, E., Aguilar, J., Stepanyan, S., Bakedano, G., Vivanco, R., Bustinduy, I., Sordo, F., Martínez, J.L., Lechner, R.E., Villacorta, F.J., Šaroun, J., Lukáš, P., Markó, M., Zanetti, M., Bellissima, S., del Rosso, L., Masi, F., Bovo, C., Chowdhury, M., de Bonis, A., Di Fresco, L., Scatigno, C., Parker, S.F., Fernandez-Alonso, F., Colognesi, D., Senesi, R., Andreani, C., Gorini, G., Scionti, G., Schreyer, A., Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Political science, 0103 physical sciences, Library science, Neutron source, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Dozen
Abstract

The 8th international meeting of the Union for Compact Accelerator-Driven Neutron Sources (UCANS-8) was held in Paris, July 8–11, 2019. Over 140 participants from more than a dozen countries from v...

Published
2019
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19. Neutron detectors for the ESS diffractometers

Author

Stefanescu, I., Christensen, M., Fenske, J., Hall-Wilton, Richard, Henry, P. F., Kirstein, O., Müller, M., Nowak, G., Pooley, D., Raspino, D., Rhodes, N., Šaroun, J., Schefer, J., Schooneveld, E., Sykora, J., Schweika, W., Stefanescu, I., Christensen, M., Fenske, J., Hall-Wilton, Richard, Henry, P. F., Kirstein, O., Müller, M., Nowak, G., Pooley, D., Raspino, D., Rhodes, N., Šaroun, J., Schefer, J., Schooneveld, E., Sykora, J., and Schweika, W.

Abstract

The ambitious instrument suite for the future European Spallation Source whose civil construction started recently in Lund, Sweden, demands a set of diverse and challenging requirements for the neutron detectors. For instance, the unprecedented high flux expected on the samples to be investigated in neutron diffraction or reflectometry experiments requires detectors that can handle high counting rates, while the investigation of sub-millimeter protein crystals will only be possible with large-area detectors that can achieve a position resolution as low as 200 μm. This has motivated an extensive research and development campaign to advance the state-of-the-art detector and to find new technologies that can reach maturity by the time the ESS will operate at full potential. This paper presents the key detector requirements for three of the Time-of-Flight (TOF) diffraction instrument concepts selected by the Scientific Advisory Committee to advance into the phase of preliminary engineering design. We discuss the detector technologies commonly employed at the existing similar instruments and their major challenges for ESS. The detector technologies selected by the instrument teams to collect the diffraction patterns are also presented. Analytical calculations, Monte-Carlo simulations, and real experimental data are used to develop a generic method to estimate the event rate in the diffraction detectors. We apply this method to make predictions for the future diffraction instruments, and thus provide additional information that can help the instrument teams with the optimisation of the detector designs.

Published
2017
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20. Characterization of the radiation background at the Spallation Neutron Source

Author

Dijulio, D. D., Cherkashyna, N., Scherzinger, J., Khaplanov, A., Pfeiffer, D., Cooper-Jensen, C. P., Fissum, K. G., Kanaki, K., Kirstein, O., Ehlers, G., Gallmeier, F. X., Hornbach, D. E., Iverson, E. B., Newby, R. J., Hall-Wilton, Richard J., Bentley, P. M., Dijulio, D. D., Cherkashyna, N., Scherzinger, J., Khaplanov, A., Pfeiffer, D., Cooper-Jensen, C. P., Fissum, K. G., Kanaki, K., Kirstein, O., Ehlers, G., Gallmeier, F. X., Hornbach, D. E., Iverson, E. B., Newby, R. J., Hall-Wilton, Richard J., and Bentley, P. M.

Abstract

We present a survey of the radiation background at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA during routine daily operation. A broad range of detectors was used to characterize primarily the neutron and photon fields throughout the facility. These include a WENDI-2 extended range dosimeter, a thermoscientific NRD, an Arktis 4He detector, and a standard NaI photon detector. The information gathered from the detectors was used to map out the neutron dose rates throughout the facility and also the neutron dose rate and flux profiles of several different beamlines. The survey provides detailed information useful for developing future shielding concepts at spallation neutron sources, such as the European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden.

Published
2016
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21. 'm=1' coatings for neutron guides

Author

Cooper-Jensen, C.P., Vorobiev, A., Klinkby, Esben Bryndt, Kapaklis, V., Wilkens, H., Rats, D., Hjörvarsson, B., Kirstein, O., and Bentley, Philip

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A substantial part of the price for a neutron guide is the shielding needed because of the gamma ray produced when neutrons are absorbed. This absorption occurs in the coating and the substrate of the neutron guides. Traditional m=1 coatings have been made of Ni and if reflectivity over the critical angle of Ni is needed one has used Ni58 or Ni/Ti multilayer coatings. Ni has one of the highest neutron scattering density but it also has a fairly high absorption cross section for cold and thermal neutrons and when a neutron is absorbed it emits a lot of gamma rays, some with energies above 9 MeV. Materials like diamond and Be have higher neutron scattering density than Ni, have smaller absorption cross section and when a neutron is absorbed they emit much less gamma ray and at lower energies. We present results, both theoretically and experimentally, comparing Ni with Be and preliminary results of diamond coatings to show the potential for using these coatings in neutron guides.

Published
2014
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22. Neutron beam monitors for the European spallation source

Author

Khaplanov, A., Anastasopoulos, M., Bentley, P. M., Hall-Wilton, Richard J., Kanaki, K., Kirstein, O., Nilsson, E., Piscitelli, F., Stefanescu, I., Sutton, I., Khaplanov, A., Anastasopoulos, M., Bentley, P. M., Hall-Wilton, Richard J., Kanaki, K., Kirstein, O., Nilsson, E., Piscitelli, F., Stefanescu, I., and Sutton, I.

Abstract

The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will house a suite of 16 user instruments for neutron scattering experiments. The spallation source of the ESS will emit relatively long, 2.8 ms, neutron pulses with an integrated flux that will greatly exceed that of current facilities. This leads to both large advancements in instrument performance as well as to increased length and complexity of the beam delivery systems. The instruments will each be equipped with neutron beam monitors used for data normalisation and analysis, as well as commissioning and diagnostics. In this paper we present the requirements for beam monitors for the ESS and the strategy to meet these in a standardised approach. A large range of specifications in efficiency, dynamic range, time and position resolution, compatible materials are needed. A new feature for neutron beam monitors for some locations, is the ability to measure time profile of each source pulse individually. In general, event mode readout will be used for monitors, similarly to other neutron detectors at the facility. A selection of detectors based on different technologies will be available. Monitors will be integrated with beam lines and choppers in a way that allows to freely choose the type of monitor based on final requirements of an instrument. For this end, space for a standardised module, housing a monitor will be provided in conjunction with chopper assemblies and elsewhere on each beam line.

Published
2015
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23. Neutron position sensitive detectors for the ESS

Author

Kirstein, O., Hall-Wilton, Richard, Stefanescu, I., Etxegarai, M., Anastasopoulos, M., Fissum, K., Gulyachkina, A., Höglund, C., Imam, M., Kanaki, K., Khaplanov, A., Kittelmann, T., Kolya, S., Nilsson, B., Ortega, L., Pfeiffer, D., Piscitelli, F., Ramos, J. F., Robinson, L., Scherzinger, J., Kirstein, O., Hall-Wilton, Richard, Stefanescu, I., Etxegarai, M., Anastasopoulos, M., Fissum, K., Gulyachkina, A., Höglund, C., Imam, M., Kanaki, K., Khaplanov, A., Kittelmann, T., Kolya, S., Nilsson, B., Ortega, L., Pfeiffer, D., Piscitelli, F., Ramos, J. F., Robinson, L., and Scherzinger, J.

Abstract

The European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden will become the world's leading neutron source for the study of materials. It will be a long pulse source, with an average beam power of 5 MW delivered to the target station. The ESS is in the construction phase, which started in 2013 with the completion of the Technical Design Report (TDR). The instruments are being selected from conceptual proposals submitted by groups from around Europe. These instruments present numerous challenges for detector technology in the absence of the availability of Helium-3, which is the default choice for detectors for instruments built until today and due to the extreme rates expected across the ESS instrument suite. Additionally a new generation of source requires a new generation of detector technologies to fully exploit the opportunities that this source provides. To meet this challenge at a green-field site, the detectors will be sourced from partners across Europe through numerous in-kind arrangements; a process that is somewhat novel for the neutron scattering community. This contribution presents briefly the current status of detectors for the ESS, and outlines the timeline to completion. For a conjectured instrument suite based upon instruments recommended for construction, a recently updated snapshot of the current expected detector requirements is presented. A strategy outline as to how these requirements might be tackled by novel detector developments is shown. In terms of future developments for the neutron community, synergies should be sought with other disciples, as recognized by various recent initiatives in Europe, in the context of the fundamentally multi-disciplinary nature of detectors. This strategy has at its basis the in-kind and collaborative partnerships necessary to be able to produce optimally performant detectors that allow the ESS instruments to be world-leading. This foresees and encourages a high level of collaboration and interdependence at its core

Published
2014

24. Rotational dynamics and coupling of methyl group rotations in methyl group rotations in methyl fluoride studied by high resolution inelastic neutron scattering

Author

Kirstein, O., Prager, M., and Schneider, G. J.

Subjects
neutron diffraction, spectral line broadening, spectral line shift, ddc:540, librational states, organic compounds, rotational states
Abstract

Methyl group rotations in methyl fluoride were studied using the high flux backscattering spectrometer SPHERES at FRM-II. The asymmetry and width of the low temperature tunneling peak was used to determine if coupled rotations between neighboring methyl fluoride molecules exist. The temperature dependent broadening of the tunneling peak was used to determine the first librational transition and compared to the temperature dependent shift of the position of the tunneling peak. The results obtained by using inelastic neutron scattering confirm previous models that assume rotational coupling. This is the first neutron backscattering experiment with sub-microeV resolution at energy transfers up to 31 microeV.

Published
2009
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25. "m=1" coatings for neutron guides

Author

Cooper-Jensen, C P, primary, Vorobiev, A, additional, Klinkby, E, additional, Kapaklis, V, additional, Wilkens, H, additional, Rats, D, additional, Hjörvarsson, B, additional, Kirstein, O, additional, and Bentley, P M, additional

Published
2014
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26. An alternative small angle neutron scattering detector

Author

Kanaki, K., Birch, J., Hall-Wilton, Richard J., Höglund, C., Hultman, L., Jackson, A., Kirstein, O., Kittelmann, T., Kolya, S., Piscitelli, F., Kanaki, K., Birch, J., Hall-Wilton, Richard J., Höglund, C., Hultman, L., Jackson, A., Kirstein, O., Kittelmann, T., Kolya, S., and Piscitelli, F.

Abstract

An alternative detector design for Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) applications is currently under development at the European Spallation Source (ESS). Given the unavailability and high price of 3He, this detector design utilizes gaseous detectors with 10B as neutron converter and is ideally suited for a SANS instrument at the ESS. The novel aspects of the geometry, exploiting the properties of the converting material, in combination with the performance of the detector are addressed by means of analytical calculations, as well as detailed Monte Carlo simulations using a customized version of Geant4. Last but not least, the progress on the conceptual prototype design is presented. © 2013 IEEE., CODEN: 85OQA

Published
2013
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27. Statistical energy determination in neutron detector systems for neutron scattering science

Author

Kanaki, K., Hall-Wilton, Richard, Andersen, K. H., Anevski, D., Birch, J., Cai, X. X., Hoglund, C., Hultman, L., Jansa Llamas, I., Keiderling, U., Khaplanov, A., Kirstein, O., Schulz, C., Wilpert, T., Kanaki, K., Hall-Wilton, Richard, Andersen, K. H., Anevski, D., Birch, J., Cai, X. X., Hoglund, C., Hultman, L., Jansa Llamas, I., Keiderling, U., Khaplanov, A., Kirstein, O., Schulz, C., and Wilpert, T.

Abstract

The energy determination of thermal and cold neutrons could revolutionize the field of neutron scattering science and transform the instrument design for future facilities. This contribution evaluates the feasibility and potential of a statistical determination of the neutron energy in the new generation of neutron detectors. In particular, the novel technology of multi-layer 10B thin film detectors present a unique opportunity of exploiting this possibility by using the various neutron penetration depths to extract energy information. A statistical mathematical model for doing so is being developed. To this end, measurements of absorption profiles on boron carbide have been performed at the Institutt for Energiteknikk, Norway and the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Germany. The results of the data analysis allow for a preliminary estimate on the feasibility and the potential of this method. © 2013 IEEE., CODEN: 85OQA

Published
2013
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28. Measurement of the radial distribution of Cherenkov light generated by TeV gamma-ray air showers

Author

Aharonian, F. A., Akhperjanian, A. G., Barrio, J. A., Bernlöhr, K., Bojahr, H., Contreras, J. L., Juan Cortina, Daum, A., Deckers, T., Fonseca, V., Fraß, A., Gonzalez, J. C., Heinzelmann, G., Hemberger, M., Hermann, G., Heß, M., Heusler, A., Hofmann, W., Hohl, H., Holl, I., Horns, D., Ibarra, I., Kankanyan, R., Kestel, M., Kirstein, O., Köhler, C., Konopelko, A., Kornmayer, H., Kranich, D., Krawczynski, H., Lampeitl, H., Lindner, A., Lorenz, E., Magnussen, N., Meyer, H., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Padilla, L., Panter, M., Petry, D., Plaga, R., Prahl, J., Prosch, C., Pühlhofer, G., Rauterberg, G., Rhode, W., Röhring, A., Samorski, M., Schmele, D., Schröder, F., Stamm, W., Ulrich, M., Völk, H. J., Wiebel-Sooth, B., Wiedner, C. A., Willmer, M., and Wirth, H.

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, HEGRA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, IACT, Radial distribution, Astrophysics, Shower, Air shower, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cherenkov radiation, Zenith
Abstract

Using air showers induced by TeV gamma-rays from Mrk 501, the radial distribution of Cherenkov light is investigated. The shower geometry is reconstructed from the stereoscopic shower images obtained with the telescopes of the HEGRA IACT system. We observe a change in the shape of the light pool with shower energy, and with zenith angle. Data are well reproduced by Monte-Carlo air shower simulations., Comment: 15 Pages, 8 figures, Latex

Published
1998
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29. The time structure of Cherenkov images generated by TeV gamma-rays and by cosmic rays

Author

Heß, M., Bernlöhra, K., Daum, A., Hemberger, M., Hermann, G., Hofmann, W., Lampeitl, H., Aharonian, F. A., Akhperjanian, A. G., Barrio, J. A., Beteta, J. J. G., Contreras, J. L., Juan Cortina, Deckers, T., Fernandez, J., Fonseca, V., Gonzalez, J. C., Heinzelmann, G., Heusler, A., Hohl, H., Holl, I., Horns, D., Kankanyan, R., Kestel, M., Kirstein, O., Köhler, C., Konopelko, A., Kornmayer, H., Kranich, D., Krawczynski, H., Lindner, A., Lorenz, E., Magnussen, N., Meyer, H., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Padilla, L., Panter, M., Petry, D., Plaga, R., Prahl, J., Prosch, C., Pühlhofer, G., Rauterberg, G., Rhode, W., Röhring, A., Samorski, M., Sanchez, J. A., Schmele, D., Schröder, F., Stamm, W., Völk, H. J., Wiebel-Sooth, B., Wiedner, C. A., and Willmer, M.

Subjects
Physics, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, HEGRA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, law.invention, Core (optical fiber), Telescope, Shower, law, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The time profiles of Cherenkov images of cosmic-ray showers and of gamma-ray showers are investigated, using data gathered with the HEGRA system of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes during the 1997 outbursts of Mrk 501. Photon arrival times are shown to vary across the shower images. The dominant feature is a time gradient along the major axis of the images. The gradient varies with the distance between the telescope and the shower core, and is maximal for large distances. The time profiles of cosmic-ray showers and of gamma-ray showers differ in a characteristic fashion. The main features of the time profiles can be understood in terms of simple geometrical models. Use of the timing information towards improved shower reconstruction and cosmic-ray suppression is discussed., Comment: 25 Pages, 16 figures, Latex

Published
1998
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34. The instrument suite of the European Spallation Source

Author

S. Stepanyan, F. Masi, Gergely Nagy, Henrich Frielinghaus, R. Kiehn, Richard Hall-Wilton, Stewart F. Parker, Judith E. Houston, C. Bovo, Uwe Filges, Joshaniel F. K. Cooper, Jochen Stahn, I. Herranz, R. Vivanco, Zahir Salhi, S. Klimko, A. Gussen, M. Huerta, Isabel Llamas-Jansa, S. Rodrigues, X. Fabrèges, Thomas Arnold, Esko Oksanen, Melissa Sharp, F. Porcher, F.Y. Moreira, Wiebke Lohstroh, N. Webb, F. Piscitelli, Paul Gregory Freeman, Roberto Senesi, S. Petersson Årsköld, Winfried Petry, Niels Bech Christensen, L. Di Fresco, Martin Müller, Henrik Carlsen, M. Magán, Jürg Schefer, K. Lieutenant, G. Laszlo, Kim Lefmann, Paul F. Henry, C. Scatigno, A. De Bonis, Artur Glavic, Jürgen Neuhaus, Robin Woracek, A. Goukassov, M. Rouijaa, Burkhard Schillinger, Přemysl Beran, H. Kämmerling, Richard K. Heenan, P. Lukáš, H. Wacklin-Knecht, A. Schwaab, Mads F. Bertelsen, Rasmus Toft-Petersen, Linda Udby, Marco Zanatta, Giuseppe Gorini, Ibon Bustinduy, Bjørn C. Hauback, O.G. del Moral, R.E. Lechner, M. Lerche, Th. Kittelmann, Ken Haste Andersen, M. A. Olsen, Henrik M. Rønnow, J.W. Taylor, J. Guyon Le Bouffy, Pascale P. Deen, Aureliano Tartaglione, J. Jestin, Sean Langridge, Ph. Schmakat, D.J. Siemers, D. Martín-Rodríguez, M. Morgano, B. Annighöfer, C.I. Lopez, Oliver Kirstein, Mikhail Feygenson, M. Zanetti, S. Pullen, F. Sordo, S. Bellissima, Andrew Jackson, Francesco Sacchetti, J. Elmer, D. Mannix, P. Tozzi, Th. Robillard, A. Poqué, J. Fenske, Jemel P. Aguilar, M. Seifert, G. Fabrèges, E. Abad, J. Šaroun, A. Wischnewski, Félix J. Villacorta, Monika Hartl, Giuseppe Aprigliano, S. Schütz, Michael Schulz, Ch. Niedermayer, Elbio Calzada, Heloisa N. Bordallo, A. Heynen, Anna Fedrigo, M. Olsson, Sebastian Jaksch, Markus Strobl, Tadeusz Kozielewski, José Luis Martínez, Grzegorz Nowak, Mogens Christensen, Felix Fernandez-Alonso, S. Kennedy, A. Hiess, M.E. Hagen, A. Schreyer, Alessandro Paciaroni, Caterina Petrillo, M. Arai, P. Galsworthy, Jörg Voigt, Andrea Orecchini, G. Scionti, M. Mosconi, Ch. Alba-Simionesco, I. Stefanescu, Ralf Engels, S. Longeville, J. Nightingale, S. Desert, Márton Markó, H. Schneider, Kalliopi Kanaki, Stuart Ansell, Th. Brückel, M. A. H. Chowdhury, Daniele Colognesi, G. Bakedano, Ch. Klauser, D. Turner, M. Koenen, D. Raspino, K. Iversen, Sonja Holm-Dahlin, Dorothea Pfeiffer, P. Luna, Ferenc Mezei, L. del Rosso, Anette Vickery, Carla Andreani, Earl Babcock, Werner Schweika, J. O. Birk, Anton Khaplanov, U. Bengaard Hansen, Th. Dupont, William Halcrow, P. Harbott, Nikolaos Tsapatsaris, P. Lavie, Eberhard Lehmann, L. Whitelegg, Romuald Hanslik, A. Orszulik, S. Butterweck, R. Kolevatov, Ph. Bourges, Dimitri N. Argyriou, L. Loaiza, Nicolo Violini, LLB - Nouvelles frontières dans les matériaux quantiques (NFMQ), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ESS, Lund, Swedish Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), European Commission, ILL, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Andersen, K, Argyriou, D, Jackson, A, Houston, J, Henry, P, Deen, P, Toft-Petersen, R, Beran, P, Strobl, M, Arnold, T, Wacklin-Knecht, H, Tsapatsaris, N, Oksanen, E, Woracek, R, Schweika, W, Mannix, D, Hiess, A, Kennedy, S, Kirstein, O, Petersson Arskold, S, Taylor, J, Hagen, M, Laszlo, G, Kanaki, K, Piscitelli, F, Khaplanov, A, Stefanescu, I, Kittelmann, T, Pfeiffer, D, Hall-Wilton, R, Lopez, C, Aprigliano, G, Whitelegg, L, Moreira, F, Olsson, M, Bordallo, H, Martin-Rodriguez, D, Schneider, H, Sharp, M, Hartl, M, Nagy, G, Ansell, S, Pullen, S, Vickery, A, Fedrigo, A, Mezei, F, Arai, M, Heenan, R, Halcrow, W, Turner, D, Raspino, D, Orszulik, A, Cooper, J, Webb, N, Galsworthy, P, Nightingale, J, Langridge, S, Elmer, J, Frielinghaus, H, Hanslik, R, Gussen, A, Jaksch, S, Engels, R, Kozielewski, T, Butterweck, S, Feygenson, M, Harbott, P, Poque, A, Schwaab, A, Lieutenant, K, Violini, N, Voigt, J, Bruckel, T, Koenen, M, Kammerling, H, Babcock, E, Salhi, Z, Wischnewski, A, Heynen, A, Desert, S, Jestin, J, Porcher, F, Fabreges, X, Fabreges, G, Annighofer, B, Klimko, S, Dupont, T, Robillard, T, Goukassov, A, Longeville, S, Alba-Simionesco, C, Bourges, P, Guyon Le Bouffy, J, Lavie, P, Rodrigues, S, Calzada, E, Lerche, M, Schillinger, B, Schmakat, P, Schulz, M, Seifert, M, Lohstroh, W, Petry, W, Neuhaus, J, Loaiza, L, Tartaglione, A, Glavic, A, Schutz, S, Stahn, J, Lehmann, E, Morgano, M, Schefer, J, Filges, U, Klauser, C, Niedermayer, C, Fenske, J, Nowak, G, Rouijaa, M, Siemers, D, Kiehn, R, Muller, M, Carlsen, H, Udby, L, Lefmann, K, Birk, J, Holm-Dahlin, S, Bertelsen, M, Hansen, U, Olsen, M, Christensen, M, Iversen, K, Christensen, N, Ronnow, H, Freeman, P, Hauback, B, Kolevatov, R, Llamas-Jansa, I, Orecchini, A, Sacchetti, F, Petrillo, C, Paciaroni, A, Tozzi, P, Zanatta, M, Luna, P, Herranz, I, del Moral, O, Huerta, M, Magan, M, Mosconi, M, Abad, E, Aguilar, J, Stepanyan, S, Bakedano, G, Vivanco, R, Bustinduy, I, Sordo, F, Martinez, J, Lechner, R, Villacorta, F, Saroun, J, Lukas, P, Marko, M, Zanetti, M, Bellissima, S, del Rosso, L, Masi, F, Bovo, C, Chowdhury, M, De Bonis, A, Di Fresco, L, Scatigno, C, Parker, S, Fernandez-Alonso, F, Colognesi, D, Senesi, R, Andreani, C, Gorini, G, Scionti, G, and Schreyer, A

Subjects
powder diffractometer, materials science, guide, Accelerator-based neutron facilitie, Slow neutron scattering, 02 engineering and technology, spin dynamics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, neutron-scattering, test beamline, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Conceptual design, Spallation, Pulsed neutron instrumentation, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lattice, Physics, Accelerator-based neutron facilities, ESS instrument suite, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Settore FIS/03, Suite, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, ddc, accelerator-based neutron facilities, slow neutron scattering, 0210 nano-technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, ess instrument suite, F300, time-of-flight, antiferromagnetic order, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, ddc:530, Aerospace engineering, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, pulsed neutron instrumentation, Neutron radiation, Beamline, Neutron source, spectrometer, business
Abstract

The MIRACLES team., An overview is provided of the 15 neutron beam instruments making up the initial instrument suite of the European Spallation Source (ESS), and being made available to the neutron user community. The ESS neutron source consists of a high-power accelerator and target station, providing a unique long-pulse time structure of slow neutrons. The design considerations behind the time structure, moderator geometry and instrument layout are presented. The 15-instrument suite consists of two small-angle instruments, two reflectometers, an imaging beamline, two single-crystal diffractometers; one for macromolecular crystallography and one for magnetism, two powder diffractometers, and an engineering diffractometer, as well as an array of five inelastic instruments comprising two chopper spectrometers, an inverse-geometry single-crystal excitations spectrometer, an instrument for vibrational spectroscopy and a high-resolution backscattering spectrometer. The conceptual design, performance and scientific drivers of each of these instruments are described. All of the instruments are designed to provide breakthrough new scientific capability, not currently available at existing facilities, building on the inherent strengths of the ESS long-pulse neutron source of high flux, flexible resolution and large bandwidth. Each of them is predicted to provide world-leading performance at an accelerator power of 2 MW. This technical capability translates into a very broad range of scientific capabilities. The composition of the instrument suite has been chosen to maximise the breadth and depth of the scientific impact of the early years of the ESS, and provide a solid base for completion and further expansion of the facility., Some of the work described here is part of projects that have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research programme: SINE 2020 under grant agreement number 654000, BrightnESS under grant agreement number 676548, and SoNDe under grant agreement number 654124. Financial support for the fast-shutter upgrade for FREIA from Swedish Research Council VR, grant no 2018-05013, is acknowledged. The VESPA team gratefully acknowledges the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) and the CNR , within the CNR-STFC Agreement (2014–2020) No. 3420.

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35. Laboratory Evaluation of Efficacy of the Larvicide Spinosad Against AnophelesStephensi in Jigjiga, Ethiopia.

Author

Gonzalez-Olvera G, Yared S, Aklilu E, Gebresilassie A, Bibiano-Marin W, Che-Mendoza A, Kirstein O, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, and Manrique-Saide P

Subjects
Animals, Ethiopia, Mosquito Vectors, Larva, Insecticides pharmacology, Malaria prevention & control, Anopheles
Abstract

We report the efficacy of a commercial formulation of the insecticide spinosad against larvae of Anopheles stephensi populations found in the city of Jigjiga, Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia. Batches of 25 larvae (late III to early IV instars) collected from large water storage reservoirs associated with construction sites (the primary An. stephensi larval site in the dry season) were tested under laboratory conditions against each insecticide at a dose recommended by the manufacturer (Natular® G30, 0.02 g/5 liter), following World Health Organization guidelines. Mortality at 24-48 h postexposure was 100%. Results show that spinosad is effective against An. stephensi larvae and suggest that it may be a useful tool as part of larval source management plans aimed at controlling this invasive malaria vector in Ethiopia., (Copyright © 2023 by The American Mosquito Control Association, Inc.)

Published
2023
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36. Isolation of Heartland Virus from Lone Star Ticks, Georgia, USA, 2019.

Author

Romer Y, Adcock K, Wei Z, Mead DG, Kirstein O, Bellman S, Piantadosi A, Kitron U, and Vazquez-Prokopec GM

Subjects
Amblyomma, Animals, Georgia epidemiology, Humans, Deer, Phlebovirus, Ticks
Abstract

Report of a human death and exposure of white-tailed deer to Heartland virus (HRTV) in Georgia, USA, prompted the sampling of questing ticks during 2018-2019 in 26 sites near where seropositive deer were captured and the residence of the human case-patient. We processed 9,294 Amblyomma americanum ticks in pools by virus isolation in Vero E6 cells and reverse transcription PCR. Positive pools underwent whole-genome sequencing. Three pools were positive for HRTV (minimum infection rate 0.46/1,000 ticks) and none for Bourbon virus. Cell cultures confirmed HRTV presence in 2 pools. Genome sequencing, achieved for the 3 HRTV isolates, showed high similarity among samples but marked differences with previously sequenced HRTV isolates. The isolation and genomic characterization of HRTV from A. americanum ticks in Georgia confirm virus presence in the state. Clinicians and public health professionals should be aware of this emerging tickborne pathogen.

Published
2022
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37. Breeding sites of Phlebotomus sergenti, the sand fly vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Judean Desert.

Author

Moncaz A, Faiman R, Kirstein O, and Warburg A

Subjects
Animals, Breeding, Desert Climate, Female, Hyraxes growth & development, Israel, Leishmania tropica parasitology, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous transmission, Male, Phlebotomus growth & development, Phlebotomus parasitology, Caves, Disease Vectors, Ecosystem, Phlebotomus physiology
Abstract

Phlebotomine sand flies transmit Leishmania, phlebo-viruses and Bartonella to humans. A prominent gap in our knowledge of sand fly biology remains the ecology of their immature stages. Sand flies, unlike mosquitoes do not breed in water and only small numbers of larvae have been recovered from diverse habitats that provide stable temperatures, high humidity and decaying organic matter. We describe studies designed to identify and characterize sand fly breeding habitats in a Judean Desert focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. To detect breeding habitats we constructed emergence traps comprising sand fly-proof netting covering defined areas or cave openings. Large size horizontal sticky traps within the confined spaces were used to trap the sand flies. Newly eclosed male sand flies were identified based on their un-rotated genitalia. Cumulative results show that Phlebotomus sergenti the vector of Leishmania tropica rests and breeds inside caves that are also home to rock hyraxes (the reservoir hosts of L. tropica) and several rodent species. Emerging sand flies were also trapped outside covered caves, probably arriving from other caves or from smaller, concealed cracks in the rocky ledges close by. Man-made support walls constructed with large boulders were also identified as breeding habitats for Ph. sergenti albeit less important than caves. Soil samples obtained from caves and burrows were rich in organic matter and salt content. In this study we developed and put into practice a generalized experimental scheme for identifying sand fly breeding habitats and for assessing the quantities of flies that emerge from them. An improved understanding of sand fly larval ecology should facilitate the implementation of effective control strategies of sand fly vectors of Leishmania.

Published
2012
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