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Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is among the 10 most common cancers in both men and women and causes more than 140,000 deaths worldwide every year. In order to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms orchestrated by phosphorylation modifications, we performed a comprehensive quantitative phosphoproteomics characterization of ccRCC tumor and normal adjacent tissues. Here, we identified 16,253 phosphopeptides, of which more than 9000 were singly quantified. Our in-depth analysis revealed 600 phosphopeptides to be significantly differentially regulated between tumor and normal tissues. Moreover, our data revealed that significantly up-regulated phosphoproteins are associated with protein synthesis and cytoskeletal re-organization which suggests proliferative and migratory behavior of renal tumors. This is supported by a mesenchymal profile of ccRCC phosphorylation events. Our rigorous characterization of the renal phosphoproteome also suggests that both epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor are important mediators of phospho signaling in RCC pathogenesis. Furthermore, we determined the kinases p21-activated kinase 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 to be master kinases that are responsible for phosphorylation of many substrates associated with cell proliferation, inflammation and migration. Moreover, high expression of p21-activated kinase 2 is associated with worse survival outcome of ccRCC patients. These master kinases are targetable by inhibitory drugs such as fostamatinib, minocycline, tamoxifen and bosutinib which can serve as novel therapeutic agents for ccRCC treatment., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the third most common and most malignant urological cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of 10% for patients with advanced tumors. Here, we identified 10,160 unique proteins by in-depth quantitative proteomics, of which 955 proteins were significantly regulated between tumor and normal adjacent tissues. We verified four putatively secreted biomarker candidates, namely, PLOD2, FERMT3, SPARC, and SIRPα, as highly expressed proteins that are not affected by intratumor and intertumor heterogeneity. Moreover, SPARC displayed a significant increase in urine samples of patients with ccRCC, making it a promising marker for the detection of the disease in body fluids. Furthermore, based on molecular expression profiles, we propose a biomarker panel for the robust classification of ccRCC tumors into two main clusters, which significantly differed in patient outcome with an almost three times higher risk of death for cluster 1 tumors compared with cluster 2 tumors. Moreover, among the most significant clustering proteins, 13 were targets of repurposed inhibitory FDA-approved drugs. Our rigorous proteomics approach identified promising diagnostic and tumor-discriminative biomarker candidates which can serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of ccRCC. IMPLICATIONS: Our in-depth quantitative proteomics analysis of ccRCC tissues identifies the putatively secreted protein SPARC as a promising urine biomarker and reveals two molecular tumor phenotypes., (©2021 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Objective: We aimed to report the development of a prospective data registry by generating a retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)-specific electronic case report form (eCRF), which can be used by multiple centers in Turkey., Material and Methods: The Stone Disease Study Group of Turkish Urology Academy developed a template for the necessary data to be collected, which was then implemented within a dedicated server. Urologists from different universities, research and training centers, and private hospitals were invited to participate in this data registry. Each urologist was provided with a unique username and password after they agreed to participate in the study., Results: In March 2015, the development of the eCRF was completed, and the server was opened for data input in April 2015. We started a prospective clinical data registry for all patients undergoing RIRS for renal stone(s) in 15 participating hospitals. Until the end of June 2016, 1112 RIRSs on 1264 patients have been included in the dataset., Conclusion: The easy-to-use eCRF specifically developed for RIRS was first of its kind in Turkey. This prospective data registry harvests important data that will be used to identify real-world demographic, clinical and operative data of patients with renal stone who undergo RIRS in various urology departments throughout Turkey. The results of this dataset will be presented in various papers.

Objectives: Vasectomy is a popular and effective male surgical contraceptive method. Different techniques have been proposed to reduce failure rates and complications. In this study, we sought to compare vas deferens occlusion rates using both standard occlusion techniques and LigaSure (LSVS) for vasectomy., Material and Methods: A total of nine patients underwent open radical retropubic prostatectomy at our institution. During the procedure, a total of 125 fresh vas deferens samples were obtained and divided into four groups as follows: Group 1: ligation (n = 22), Group 2; ligation and electrocauterization (n = 18), Group 3; 5 mm LSVS (n = 44), Group 4; 10 mm LSVS (n = 41). All specimens were harvested during surgery and subsequent histopathological assessments were performed to assess the luminal status of the vas deferens., Results: Histopathological evaluation revealed that the majority of vas lumens with LSVS (79.5% of Group 3 and 89.4% of Group 4) were totally occluded. With standard techniques, however, the majority of vas lumens (86.4 and 77.8% of Groups 1 and 2, respectively) maintained a tiny patency., Conclusions: On histopathological review, the application of LSVS resulted in better occlusion rates, compared to standard ligation methods. These findings suggest a higher occlusive role for LSVS for vasectomy. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy and safety of this technique.

Introduction: Hem-o-lok clip migration into the ipsilateral collecting system and formation of a distal ureteral stone after robot-assited partial nephrectomy (PN) is a rare condition of stone disease., Presentation of Case: A 48-year-old male presented with hematuria. Physical examination was unremarkable. Urinalysis showed presence of red blood cells. Serum multiple analysis and ultrasonography were within normal limits. Contrast enhanced abdominal computerized tomography scan revealed an 8-mm right distal ureteral stone, which was not associated with ipsilateral hydronephrosis., Discussion: With the widespread adoption of minimally invasive surgery, it is not uncommon to utilize foreign bodies as surgical facilitators which also have the potential to migrate to the urothelium-lined urinary tract and act as a stone nidus when used for endoscopic PN CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of migrated hem-o-lok clips serving as a nidus for urinary tract stone formation in patients who have undergone endoscopic PN., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90-95% of kidney neoplasms. Renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma (RCCLS) is an extremely rare histopathological entity based on available literature data. Herein, we report a 31-year-old male with incidentally detected synchronous bilateral renal masses who was eventually found to harbor RCCLS after being operated sequentially via nephron-sparing surgery., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Introduction: We evaluated the impact of obesity on perioperative morbidity, functional, and oncological outcomes after radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP)., Methods: A total of 298 consecutive patients underwent RPP at our institution. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on their body mass index (BMI): Normal weight <25 kg/m(2) (Group 1), overweight 25 to <30 kg/m(2) (Group 2), and obese ≥30 kg/m(2) (Group 3). We compared the groups with respect to perioperative data, postoperative oncologic, and functional outcomes. Evaluation of urinary continence and erectile function was performed using a patient-reported questionnaire and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 questionnaire, respectively, administered preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months. Limitations included short follow-up time, retrospective design and lack of a morbidly obese group., Results: No significant differences were found among the 3 groups with regard to operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, catheter removal time, positive surgical margin, and complication rates. At 12 months, 94.7%, 95% and 95% of normal, overweight and obese patients, respectively, were continent (free of pad use) (p = 0.81). At 12 months, 30.6%, 29.8% and 30.4% of patients had spontaneous erections and were able to penetrate and complete intercourse in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively (p = 0.63)., Conclusions: In this cohort of patients, no clinically relevant risks were associated with increasing BMI.

Double-j (DJ) ureteral stenting is a very common procedure performed after various endourological procedures. Although several complications due to DJ stent insertion were revealed, only three cases of renal parenchymal perforation have been reported to date. We present a case of a 35-year-old woman who had perforation of renal parenchyma without perirenal hematoma following insertion of DJ ureteral stent after flexible ureteroscopy for the treatment of an upper ureteral calculi. Non-contrast computed tomography was used for diagnosis. Patient was successfully managed with repositioning of the stent under fluoroscopic guidance on postoperative second day postoperatively.

Renal pelvic hematoma (Antopol Goldman lesion) is a rare but significant condition that may clinically mimick a renal or a pelvic neoplasm. Differential diagnosis and optimal treatment are still not known certainly. A 80-year-old male patient admitted to the emergency department with gross hematuria/clot retention and right flank pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging revealed a filling defect in the right renal pelvis. Diagnostic flexible uretrorenoscopy was performed and a renal pelvic tumor was excluded. A 6 Fr double J (DJ) ureteral catheter was placed for 4 weeks while the patient was under an antifibrinolytic therapy. Filling defect was not detected at 3(rd) month control MRI. During 6 months of the follow-up period, gross hematuria or any abnormal radiological finding was not encountered.

The urachus establishes a connection between the dome of the bladder and the umbilicus throughout fetal life. If the urachus does not close completely, malignancy is a potential complication. The primary treatment for malignant urachal tumor is surgical excision. A 61-year-old male patient diagnosed with urachal carcinoma had undergone partial cystectomy 25 years previously. Twenty years later, local recurrence was treated with another partial cystectomy without umbilical remnant excision. Recurrence at the umbilical site was excised 2 years later, but intraperitoneal invasion had occurred, and the patient underwent a total colectomy at that time. Local disease and disseminated metastases in the thorax and intra- and extraperitoneal areas were noted upon admission to our hospital. Urachal carcinomas are usually aggressive tumors, and surgical treatment should include partial or radical cystectomy and excision of the urachus and umbilicus, to prevent local recurrence and distant metastasis.

Introduction: Schistosomiasis is a rare condition in Turkey but remains second most prevelant parasitic infestation worldwide., Presentation of Case: A 67-years old male patient admitted to a hospital with macroscopic hematuria. Bladder tumor was diagnosed and referred to our department for the treatment. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed and pathological examination revealed high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma and Schistosoma mansoni eggs. The patient used praziquantel 40mg orally for the treatment of Schistosomiasis and intravesical immunotherapy was applied 6 weeks along per week. Neither recurrence of tumor nor S. mansoni eggs in the urine were detected at the 18th month., Discussion: In spite of well-known etiological relationships between Schistosoma haematobium and bladder cancer, there is very limited number of cases of bladder carcinoma secondary to S. mansoni infestation in the literature. All of the reported 5 cases were from the rural regions of Brazil. On the other hand, it was noticed that pathological examination had been reported in only one of these cases, and the diagnosis was leiomyoma. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, there is no data in the literature regarding the clinical course of the transitional cell carcinoma secondary to S. mansoni., Conclusion: Regarding the increasing travels all around the world, clinicians should remember that Schistosoma infection is certainly a part of the differential diagnosis of bladder carcinoma, even if the patients are not from endemic regions., (Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

We present the case of a 61-year-old patient who was evaluated for benign infravesical obstruction due to a pseudosarcomatous fibromyxoid tumor of the prostate. This entity is rare and difficult to distinguish from a malignant lesion. A discussion of the pathological features and a review of the literature are given.

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common and serious health problem affecting the quality of life in men. In this study, we aim to investigate the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) polymorphism at nucleotide 47 as a result of the change of Ala to Val on the protein sequence in CPPS patients. The frequencies were 0.45 and 0.38 for the Ala and 0.55 and 0.62 for Val in National Institutes of Health category 3a and 3b groups. The differences between control and CPPS patients were statistically significant (P<0.05). However, frequencies recorded in 3a and 3b groups were not statistically different (P>0.05). Same results were obtained for enzyme analysis of MnSOD and glutathione peroxidase. Control group antioxidant enzyme levels were higher than patients' samples. The low antioxidant status of CPPS patients might be the clue for pathophysiological problems, and highly distributed Val allele frequency can be a mediator point of the illness. Our findings lead to the suggestion that oxidative disorder-linked medical health problems can be associated with genetic risk factors such as polymorphisms.