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4. Whole-genome, transcriptome, and methylome analyses provide insights into the evolution of platycoside biosynthesis in Platycodon grandiflorus, a medicinal plant

Author

Kim, Jungeun, Kang, Sang-Ho, Park, Sin-Gi, Yang, Tae-Jin, Lee, Yi, Kim, Ok Tae, Chung, Oksung, Lee, Jungho, Choi, Jae-Pil, Kwon, Soo-Jin, Lee, Keunpyo, Ahn, Byoung-Ohg, Lee, Dong Jin, Yoo, Seung-il, Shin, In-Gang, Um, Yurry, Lee, Dae Young, Kim, Geum-Soog, Hong, Chang Pyo, Bhak, Jong, and Kim, Chang-Kug

Published
2020
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12. Effect of Ginseng Extracts on the Improvement of Osteopathic and Arthritis Symptoms in Women with Osteopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Author

Jung, Su-Jin, primary, Oh, Mi-Ra, additional, Lee, Dae Young, additional, Lee, Young-Seob, additional, Kim, Geum-Soog, additional, Park, Soo-Hyun, additional, Han, Soog-Kyoung, additional, Kim, Young-Ock, additional, Yoon, Sun-Jung, additional, and Chae, Soo-Wan, additional

Published
2021
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26. Metabolomics Based on UPLC-QTOF/MS Applied for the Discrimination of Cynanchum wilfordii and Cynanchum auriculatum

Author

Lee Jae-Won, Ji Seung-Heon, Baek Nam-In, Ko Hee-Jung, Lee Dae-Young, Ahn Young-Sup, Kim Geum-Soog, and Lee Mi-Kyoung

Subjects
Metabolomics, Cynanchum auriculatum, Traditional medicine, biology, Uplc qtof ms, business.industry, Cynanchum wilfordii, Metabolite profiling, Potential biomarkers, Medicine, business, biology.organism_classification, Metabolic profile
Abstract

Recently, it has been a big issue to distinguish the dried roots of Cynanchum wilfordii and Cynanchum auriculatum in Korean herbal medicine market. Although C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum have similar morphology, the types and quantities of metabolites may differ depending on the species. Thus, in this study, UPLC-QTOF/MS based metabolomics was applied to discriminate the roots of C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum. In the optimal LC/MS conditions, 64 known metabolites were analyzed in the two species. PCA and PLS-DA of metabolic profile data was able to differentiate between C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum. Furthermore, OPLS-DA and S-plot were applied to find the potential biomarkers for the discrimination of C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum. Finally, 4 known and 10 unknown metabolites were determined as the biomarkers, and their repeatability and reliability were also validated. This indicated the metabolite profiling is a robust approach to find discriminating biomarkers of C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum.

Published
2015

28. Ethanol extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. promotes osteoblastogenesis through the regulation of Runx2 and Osterix

Author

Choi, You Hee, primary, Kim, Geum Soog, additional, Choi, Jae Ho, additional, Jin, Sun Woo, additional, Kim, Hyung Gyun, additional, Han, Younho, additional, Lee, Dae Young, additional, Choi, Soo Im, additional, Kim, Seung Yu, additional, Ahn, Young Sup, additional, Lee, Kwang Youl, additional, and Jeong, Hye Gwang, additional

Published
2016
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31. Chemical constituents of Hericium erinaceum associated with the inhibitory activity against cellular senescence in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells

Author

Noh, Hyung Jun, primary, Yang, Hyo Hyun, additional, Kim, Geum Soog, additional, Lee, Seung Eun, additional, Lee, Dae Young, additional, Choi, Je Hun, additional, Kim, Seung Yu, additional, Lee, Eun Suk, additional, Ji, Seung Heon, additional, Kang, Ki Sung, additional, Park, Hye-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Ryong, additional, and Kim, Ki Hyun, additional

Published
2015
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41. Panax ginseng Protects Against Global Ischemia Injury in Rat Hippocampus

Author

Kim, Young Ock, primary, Kim, Hak-Jae, additional, Kim, Geum Soog, additional, Park, Ho Gi, additional, Lim, Sang Jong, additional, Seong, Nak Sul, additional, Ham, Yung Woon, additional, Lee, Sung Dong, additional, Jang, Ki-Hyo, additional, Jung, Kyung Hee, additional, Chung, Joo-Ho, additional, and Kang, Soon Ah, additional

Published
2009
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42. The Mechanism Underlying the Antibacterial Activity of Shikonin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Author

Lee, Young-Seob, Lee, Dae-Young, Kim, Yeon Bok, Lee, Sang-Won, Cha, Seon-Woo, Park, Hong-Woo, Kim, Geum-Soog, Kwon, Dong-Yeul, Lee, Min-Ho, and Han, Sin-Hee

Abstract

Shikonin (SKN), a highly liposoluble naphthoquinone pigment isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, is known to exert antibacterial, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antitumor effects. The aim of this study was to examine SKN antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The SKN was analyzed in combination with membrane-permeabilizing agents Tris and Triton X-100, ATPase inhibitors sodium azide and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and S. aureus-derived peptidoglycan; the effects on MRSA viability were evaluated by the broth microdilution method, time-kill test, and transmission electron microscopy. Addition of membrane-permeabilizing agents or ATPase inhibitors together with a low dose of SKN potentiated SKN anti-MRSA activity, as evidenced by the reduction of MRSA cell density by 75% compared to that observed when SKN was used alone; in contrast, addition of peptidoglycan blocked the antibacterial activity of SKN. The results indicate that the anti-MRSA effect of SKN is associated with its affinity to peptidoglycan, the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, and the activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This study revealed the potential of SKN as an effective natural antibiotic and of its possible use to substantially reduce the use of existing antibiotic may also be important for understanding the mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of natural compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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43. Anti-inflammatory components isolated from Atractylodes macrocephalain LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglial cells

Author

Jin, Hong-Guang, Kim, Kwan-Woo, Li, Jing, Lee, Dae Young, Yoon, Dahye, Jeong, Jin Tae, Kim, Geum-Soog, Oh, Hyuncheol, An, Ren-Bo, and Kim, Youn-Chul

Abstract

The phytochemical investigation on the methanol extract of the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephalaresulted in the discovery of one new compound 9α-hydroxyatractylenolide (1) and 21 known compounds including atractylone (2), 3β-acetoxyatractylon (3), atractylenolide I (4), atractylenolide II (5), 8-epiasterolid (6), atractylenolide III (7), atractylenolide VII (8), 8-epiatractylenolide III (9), eudesm-4(15)-ene-7α,11-diol (10), linoleic acid (11), myristic acid (12), 3-O-caffeoyl-1-methyquinic acid (13), (2E,8E,10E)-tetradecatriene-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol (14), 14-aceroxy-12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (15), isoscopoletin (16), caffeic acid (17), protocatechic acid (18), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (19), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (20), 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (21), and nicotinic acid (22). Their structures were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy, and by comparison with previously published data. Compounds 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10–22significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and compounds 4, 5, 6, 16, and 17showed those responses in BV2 microglial cells. Especially, compound 6showed the second-best effect, and inhibited the LPS-induced production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and the production of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in both cells. These inhibitory effects were mediated by the inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

Published
2022
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44. Glycosyl glycerides from hydroponic Panax ginsenginhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells

Author

Cha, Byeong-Ju, Park, Ji-Hae, Shrestha, Sabina, Baek, Nam-In, Lee, Sang Min, Lee, Tae Hoon, Kim, Jiyoung, Kim, Geum-Soog, Kim, Seung-Yu, and Lee, Dae-Young

Abstract

Although the aerial parts of hydroponic Panax ginsengare reported to contain higher contents of total ginsenosides than those of roots, the isolation and identification of active metabolites from the aerial parts of hydroponic P. ginsenghave not been carried out so far.

Published
2015
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45. Simultaneous determination of various platycosides in Four Platycodon grandiflorumcultivars by UPLC-QTOF/MS

Author

Lee, Dae Young, Choi, Bo-Ram, Lee, Jae Won, Um, Yurry, Yoon, Dahye, Kim, Hyoung-Geun, Lee, Young-Seob, Kim, Geum-Soog, Lee, Youn-Hyung, and Baek, Nam-In

Abstract

In Platycodi Radix (root of Platycodon grandiflorum), there are a number of platycosides that consist of a pentacyclic triterpenoid aglycone and two sugar moieties. Due to the pharmacological activities of platycosides, it is critical to assess their contents in PR, and develop an effective method to profile various platycosides is required. In this study, an analytical method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) with an in-house library was developed and applied to profile various platycosides from four different Platycodi Radix cultivars. As a result, platycosides, including six isomeric pairs, were successfully analyzed in the PRs. In the principal component analysis, several platycosides were represented as main variables to differentiate the four Platycodi Radix cultivars. Their different levels of platycosides were also represented by relative quantification. Finally, this study indicated the proposed method based on the UPLC-QTOF/MS can be an effective tool for identifying the detail characterization of various platycosides in the Platycodi Radix.

Published
2019
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46. Platycodon grandiflorum exhibits anti-neuroinflammatory potential against beta-amyloid-induced toxicity in microglia cells.

Author

Ji YJ, Kang MH, Kim GS, Kim HD, and Jang GY

Abstract

Background/objectives: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is used in traditional oriental medicine to treat several ailments., Methods: The study investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of PGW ( P. grandiflorum ) extract in Aβ25-35-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells., Result: PGW demonstrated significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, with reductions of 30.4, 36.7, and 61.2% at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, PGW effectively suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 and exhibited significant inhibitory activity against TNF-α at 200 μg/mL. Furthermore, PGW treatment mitigated apoptosis in Aβ-induced BV2 cells by modulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, regulating Bcl-2 family protein synthesis, and inhibiting caspase activation. Mechanistically, PGW attenuated the activation of the MAPK (JNK, ERK, p38) pathway induced by Aβ, showing a concentration-dependent decrease in phosphorylation levels of these proteins. Additionally, PGW inhibited the NF-κB pathway activation by reducing the phosphorylation levels of p65 and IκBα in a concentration-dependent manner., Conclusion: PGW demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in Aβ-induced neuronal cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammatory associated with neurodegenerative diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Ji, Kang, Kim, Kim and Jang.)

Published
2024
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47. A direct protein kinase B-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of cordycepin from artificially cultured fruit body of Cordyceps militaris.

Author

Yoon JY, Kim JH, Baek KS, Kim GS, Lee SE, Lee DY, Choi JH, Kim SY, Park HB, Sung GH, Lee KR, Cho JY, and Noh HJ

Abstract

Background: Cordyceps militaris is one of well-known medicinal mushrooms with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities., Objective: The objective of the following study is to isolate chemical components from the ethanol extract (Cm-EE) from Cordyceps militaris and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities., Materials and Methods: Column chromatographic separation was performed and anti-inflammatory roles of these compounds were also examined by using NO production and protein kinase B (AKT) activity assays., Results: From Cm-EE, 13 constituents, including trehalose (1), cordycepin (2), 6-hydroxyethyladenosine (3), nicotinic amide (4), butyric acid (5), β-dimorphecolic acid (6), α-dimorphecolic acid (7), palmitic acid (8), linoleic acid (9), cordycepeptide A (10), 4-(2-hydroxy-3-((9E,12E)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy)propoxy)-2-(trimethylammonio)butanoate (11), 4-(2-hydroxy-3-(palmitoyloxy)propoxy)-2-(trimethylammonio)butanoate (12), and linoleic acid methyl ester (13) were isolated. Of these components, compound 2 displayed a significant inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, this compound strongly and directly suppressed the kinase activity of AKT, an essential signalling enzyme in LPS-induced NO production, by interacting with its ATP binding site., Conclusion: C. militaris could have anti-inflammatory activity mediated by cordycepin-induced suppression of AKT.

Published
2015
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48. Protective effects of onion-derived quercetin on glutamate-mediated hippocampal neuronal cell death.

Author

Yang EJ, Kim GS, Kim JA, and Song KS

Abstract

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive neuron degeneration in specific functional systems of the central or peripheral nervous system. This study investigated the protective effects of quercetin isolated from onion on neuronal cells and its protective mechanisms against glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells., Materials and Methods: HT22 cells were cultured to study the neuroprotective mechanism of quercetin against glutamate-mediated oxidative stress. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured. The protein expression of calpain, spectrin, Bcl-2, Bax, Bid, cytochrome c, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was evaluated by Western blotting., Results: Quercetin had a protective effect by reducing both intracellular ROS overproduction and glutamate-mediated Ca(2+) influx. These effects were due to the downregulation of several apoptosis-related biochemical markers. Calpain expression was reduced and spectrin cleavage was inhibited by quercetin in glutamate-exposed HT22 cells. Disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), activation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bid and Bax, and cytochrome c release in response to glutamate-induced oxidative stress were reduced. Quercetin also suppressed phosphorylation of MAPKs., Conclusion: This is the first report on the detailed mechanisms of the protective effect of quercetin on HT22 cells. Onion extract and quercetin may be useful for preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders.

Published
2013
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