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Solving phenomenological macroscopic equations instead of microscopic Ginzburg-Landau equations for superconductors is much easier and can be advantageous in a variety of applications. However, till now, only Bean's critical state model is available for the description of irreversible properties. Here we propose a plausible overall macroscopic model for both reversible and irreversible properties, combining London theory and Bean's model together based on superposition principle. First, a simple case where there is no pinning is discussed, from which a microscopic basis for Bean's model is explored. It is shown that a new concept of 'flux share' is needed when the field is increased above the lower critical field. A portion of magnetic flux is completely shielded, named as 'Meissner share' and the rest penetrates through vortices, named as 'vortices share'. We argue that the flux shares are irreversible if there is pinning. It is shown that the irreversible flux shares can be the reason for observed peculiar reversible magnetization behavior near zero field. The overall macroscopic model seems to be valuable for the analysis of fundamental physical properties as well. As an example, it is shown the origin of paramagnetic Meissner effect can be explained by the phenomenological macroscopic model., Comment: Main Manuscript: 20 pages, 10 figures / Supplementary: 7 pages, 6 figures

We investigated high-frequency behavior of FeN thin films prepared by reactive sputtering through ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and its relationship with the static magnetic properties. The FMR was observed in the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz in the FeN films fabricated at proper nitrogen flow rate (NFR). In those FeN thin films, a decrease of the saturation magnetization and the corresponding decrease of the FMR frequency were observed as NFR was increased during the deposition. The external field dependences of the FMR frequencies were well fit to the Kittel formula and the Land\'e g-factors determined from the fit were found to be very close to the free electron value. The high-field damping parameters were almost insensitive to the growth condition of NFR. However, the low-field damping parameters exhibited high sensitivity to NFR very similar to the dependence of the hard-axis coercivity on NFR, suggesting that extrinsic material properties such as impurities and defect structures could be important in deciding the low-field damping behavior., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, ICAMD 2015 conference

Treatment planning system calculations in inhomogeneous regions may present significant inaccuracies due to loss of electronic equilibrium. In this study, three different dose calculation algorithms, pencil beam, collapsed cone, and Monte-Carlo, provided by our planning system were compared to assess their impact on the three-dimensional planning of lung and breast cases. A total of five breast and five lung cases were calculated using the PB, CC, and MC algorithms. Planning treatment volume and organs at risk delineation was performed according to our institutions protocols on the Oncentra MasterPlan image registration module, on 0.3 to 0.5 cm computed tomography slices taken under normal respiration conditions. Four intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans were calculated according to each algorithm for each patient. The plans were conducted on the Oncentra MasterPlan and CMS Monaco treatment planning systems, for 6 MV. The plans were compared in terms of the dose distribution in target, OAR volumes, and monitor units. Furthermore, absolute dosimetry was measured using a three-dimensional diode array detector to evaluate the dose differences in a homogeneous phantom. Comparing the PB, CC, and MC algorithms planned dose distribution, the PB algorithm provided adequate coverage of the PTV. The MUs calculated using the PB algorithm was less than those of the other algorithms. The MC algorithm showed the highest accuracy in terms of the absolute dosimetry. Differences were found when comparing the calculation algorithms. The PB algorithm estimated higher doses for the target than the CC and MC algorithms. The PB algorithm actually overestimated the dose compared with those calculated by the CC and MC algorithms. The MC algorithm showed better accuracy than the other algorithms., Comment: 17pages,2 figures

Most virtual source models (VSM) use beam modeling, with the exception of the patient-dependent secondary collimator (jaw). Unlike other components of the treatment head, the jaw absorbs many photons generated by the bremsstrahlung, which decreases the efficiency of the simulation. In the present study, a new method of beam modeling using a virtual jaw was applied to improve the calculation efficiency of VSM. The results for the percentage depth dose and profile of the virtual jaw VSM calculated in a homogeneous water phantom agreed with the measurement results for the CC13 cylinder type ion chamber within an error rate of 2%, and the 80 to 20% penumbra width agreed with the measurement results within an error of 0.6 mm. Compared with the existing VSM, in which a great number of photons are absorbed, the calculation efficiency of the VSM using the virtual jaw was expected to increase by approximately 67%., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures

We have fabricated high-quality FeSe1-x superconducting films with a bulk Tc of 11-12 K on different substrates, Al2O3(0001), SrTiO3(100), MgO(100), and LaAlO3(100), by using a pulsed laser deposition technique. All the films were grown at a high substrate temperature of 610 oC, and were preferentially oriented along the (101) direction, the latter being to be a key to fabricating of FeSe1-x superconducting thin films with high Tc. According to the energy dispersive spectroscopy data, the Fe:Se composition ratio was 1:0.90+-0.02. The FeSe1-x film grown on a SrTiO3 substrate showed the best quality with a high upper critical magnetic field [Hc2(0)] of 56 T.

We report the growth of potassium-doped BaFe2As2 thin films, where the major charge carriers are holes, on Al2O3 (0001) and LaAlO3 (001) substrates by using an ex-situ pulsed laser deposition technique. The measured Tc's are 40 and 39 K for the films grown on Al2O3 and LaAlO3, respectively and diamagnetism indicates that the films have good bulk superconducting properties below 36 and 30 K, respectively. The X-ray diffraction patterns for both films indicated a preferred c-axis orientation, regardless of the substrate structures of LaAlO3 and Al2O3. The upper critical field at zero temperature was estimated to be about 155 T., Comment: 6 pages including 3 figures

The remarkably high superconducting transition temperature and upper critical field of iron(Fe)-based layered superconductors, despite ferromagnetic material base, open the prospect for superconducting electronics. However, success in superconducting electronics has been limited because of difficulties in fabricating high-quality thin films. We report the growth of high-quality c-axis-oriented cobalt(Co)-doped SrFe2As2 thin films with bulk superconductivity by using an in-situ pulsed laser deposition technique with a 248-nm-wavelength KrF excimer laser and an arsenic(As)-rich phase target. The temperature and field dependences of the magnetization showing strong diamagnetism and transport critical current density with superior Jc-H performance are reported. These results provide necessary information for practical applications of Fe-based superconductors., Comment: 8 pages, 3figures. to be published at Appl. Phys. Lett