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1. Students' Evaluation of Their English Language Learning Experience

Author

Maizatulliza, M. and Kiely, R.

Abstract

In the field of English language teaching and learning, there is a long history of investigating students' performance while they are undergoing specific learning programmes. This research study, however, focused on students' evaluation of their English language learning experience after they have completed their programme. The data were gathered from 20 semi-structured interviews with 10 "good" students and 10 "weak" students emphasizing on factors which contributed to their proficiency level, preferred teaching approaches and learning strategies as well as their overall learning experience. The qualitative analysis indicated some different views between the "good" and the "weak" students in terms of their proficiency level and the contributing factors to their success (or lack of) in learning English. They however, shared similar opinion on preferred teaching approaches, learning strategies and classroom experience. The results have implications for pedagogy as they highlight some insights which may facilitate success in English language learning.

Published
2017

4. The Inter-Rater Consistency of Clinician Ratings of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Therapy Content

Author

Thogesan, M, Berle, D, Hilbrink, D, Kiely, R, Russell-Williams, C, Garwood, N, and Steel, Z

Subjects
Psychiatry, 1103 Clinical Sciences
Abstract

Effective communication between clinicians is essential for the success of mental health interventions in multidisciplinary contexts. This relies on a shared understanding of concepts, diagnoses and treatments. A major assumption of clinicians when discussing psychological treatments with each other is that both parties have a shared understanding of the theory, rationale and application of the respective technique. We aimed to determine to what extent there is inter-rater agreement between clinicians in describing the content of group therapy sessions. Pairs of clinicians, drawn from a large multidisciplinary team (13), were asked to provide ratings of the therapeutic content and emphasis of N = 154 group therapy sessions conducted during an intensive residential treatment program for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In most therapeutic content domains there was a moderate level of agreement between clinicians regarding session content (Cohen's Kappa 0.4 to 0.6), suggesting that clinicians have a broad shared understanding of therapeutic content, but that there are also frequent discordant understandings. The implications of these findings on multidisciplinary team communication, patient care and clinical handovers are discussed and directions for further research are outlined.

Published
2021

5. Personal wellbeing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): association with PTSD symptoms during and following treatment

Author

Berle, D, Hilbrink, D, Russell-Williams, C, Kiely, R, Hardaker, L, Garwood, N, Gilchrist, A, Steel, Z, Berle, D, Hilbrink, D, Russell-Williams, C, Kiely, R, Hardaker, L, Garwood, N, Gilchrist, A, and Steel, Z

Abstract

BackgroundIt remains unclear to what extent treatment-related gains in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms translate to improvements in broader domains of personal wellbeing, such as community connectedness, life achievement and security. We sought to determine whether: 1. personal wellbeing improves during the course of a treatment program and 2. changes in core symptom domains (PTSD, anxiety and depression) were associated with improvements in overall personal wellbeing.MethodsParticipants (N = 124) completed the PTSD Checklist, the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales and the Personal Wellbeing Index at the start and end of a 4-week Trauma Focused CBT residential program, as well as 3- and 9-months post-treatment.ResultsPersonal wellbeing improved significantly across the 9-months of the study. Generalised estimating equations analyses indicated that (older) age and improvements in PTSD and depressive symptoms were independent predictors of personal wellbeing across time.ConclusionsAlthough personal wellbeing improved in tandem with PTSD symptoms, the magnitude of improvement was small. These findings highlight a need to better understand how improvements in personal wellbeing can be optimised following PTSD treatment.

Published
2018

10. Tactical combat casualty care February 2010. Direct from the Battlefield: TCCC lessons learned in Iraq and Afghanistan

Author

Deal, V. T., Mcdowell, D., Benson, P., Iddins, B., Gluck, G., Griffay, A., Lutz, R., Pennardt, A., Shawn kane, Gilpatrick, S., Bowling, F. Y., Paisley, J. T., Williamson, J. R., Kiely, R., Anderson, P., Frasier, B. A., Moore, R., Bakken, H., Burlingame, B. S., Hammesfahr, R., Hesse, R. W., Holcomb, J. B., Johnson, T. R., Morgan, B., Talbot, T. S., and Wedmore, I.

Subjects
Military Personnel, Afghan Campaign 2001, Humans, Wounds and Injuries, Guidelines as Topic, Military Medicine, Iraq War, 2003-2011
Published
2010

11. Language, learning and identification.

Author

Kiely, R., Rea-Dickens, P., Woodfield, H., Clibbon, G., Ivanic, Rosalind, Kiely, R., Rea-Dickens, P., Woodfield, H., Clibbon, G., and Ivanic, Rosalind

Published
2006

14. Emergence of group B Streptococcus serotype IV in women of child-bearing age in Ireland.

Author

KIELY, R. A., COTTER, L., MOLLAGHAN, A. M., CRYAN, B., COFFEY, A., and LUCEY, B.

Abstract

This study determined the carriage rate and serotype distribution of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in women of child-bearing age in the southern region of Ireland. A total of 2000 vaginal swabs collected in two periods in 2004 and 2006 were examined and revealed a GBS carriage rate of 16·1%. Serotyping of isolates showed that serotypes Ia, II, III, IV, and V were the most prevalent. A high prevalence of serotype IV was found, increasing from 7·6% to 15·2% between 2004 and 2006. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis demonstrated considerable genetic heterogeneity in the serotype IV isolates. This serotype should be considered for inclusion in potential vaccines for use in Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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15. Through the leaves, 1930

Author

Roach, D. J., author; Doherty, C. W., author; Maxson, Asa C., author; Watson, A. M., author; Martin, Thomas S., author; Holden, James A., author; Stewart, George, author; Waksman, Selman A., author; Matheson, A. A., author; Abbot, C. G., author; Maynard, E. J., author; Dahlberg, Henry W., author; Throckmorton, R. I., author; Jarrell, J. F., author; Mason, J. R., author; Walker, M. B., author; Smith, P. B., author; Heldt, A. H., author; Morrow, William, author; Brown, Chester, author; Bischoff, R. K., author; Mondt, L. R., author; Frisbie, Otto E., author; Looper, H. S., author; McMaster, P. H., author; Brummett, W. S., author; Mason, J. E., author; Brossard, R. E., author; Allen, A. C., author; Vinke, Louis, author; Hansen, Dan, author; Holmes, George B., author; Salstrom, Albert, author; Winger, Lloyd T., author; Tempest, J. S., author; McGreevy, B. F., author; Brossard, R. E., author; Williams, Alfred R., author; Beattie, J. M., author; Dahlberg, Henry W., author; Tittman, F., author; Robbins, W. W., author; Vinke, Louis, author; Chapin, Ray, author; Maddux, C. V., author; Pancake, J. D., author; Dahlberg, A. V., author; Sackett, Walter G., author; Mayo, E. W., author; Thurlow, L. W., author; Scilley, H., author; Williams, J. L., author; Smith, George A., author; Ball, Floyd E., author; Code, Wiliam E., author; Nelson, W. A., author; Henderson, J. Y., author; Rienks, Howard, author; Johnson, Andrew, author; Reed, G. O., author; Austin, Harry A., author; Austin, Earl, author; Mann, Charles F., author; Stelk, O. F., author; Wright, William Edward, Jr., author; Barr, R. M., author; Fischer, M. S., author; Brackman, George, author; Clement, M. S., author; Grommon, Philo D., Jr., author; Bennett, H. A., author; Pulliam, D. R., author; Weber, Jacob, author; Leonard, Warren H., author; Allen Wilber H., author; Burdick, R. T., author; Willis, E. S., author; Kiely, R. E., author; Brown, Robert, author; Fagan, L. H., author; Ginn, A. M., author; Rigden, Charles, author; Bei and Roach, D. J., author; Doherty, C. W., author; Maxson, Asa C., author; Watson, A. M., author; Martin, Thomas S., author; Holden, James A., author; Stewart, George, author; Waksman, Selman A., author; Matheson, A. A., author; Abbot, C. G., author; Maynard, E. J., author; Dahlberg, Henry W., author; Throckmorton, R. I., author; Jarrell, J. F., author; Mason, J. R., author; Walker, M. B., author; Smith, P. B., author; Heldt, A. H., author; Morrow, William, author; Brown, Chester, author; Bischoff, R. K., author; Mondt, L. R., author; Frisbie, Otto E., author; Looper, H. S., author; McMaster, P. H., author; Brummett, W. S., author; Mason, J. E., author; Brossard, R. E., author; Allen, A. C., author; Vinke, Louis, author; Hansen, Dan, author; Holmes, George B., author; Salstrom, Albert, author; Winger, Lloyd T., author; Tempest, J. S., author; McGreevy, B. F., author; Brossard, R. E., author; Williams, Alfred R., author; Beattie, J. M., author; Dahlberg, Henry W., author; Tittman, F., author; Robbins, W. W., author; Vinke, Louis, author; Chapin, Ray, author; Maddux, C. V., author; Pancake, J. D., author; Dahlberg, A. V., author; Sackett, Walter G., author; Mayo, E. W., author; Thurlow, L. W., author; Scilley, H., author; Williams, J. L., author; Smith, George A., author; Ball, Floyd E., author; Code, Wiliam E., author; Nelson, W. A., author; Henderson, J. Y., author; Rienks, Howard, author; Johnson, Andrew, author; Reed, G. O., author; Austin, Harry A., author; Austin, Earl, author; Mann, Charles F., author; Stelk, O. F., author; Wright, William Edward, Jr., author; Barr, R. M., author; Fischer, M. S., author; Brackman, George, author; Clement, M. S., author; Grommon, Philo D., Jr., author; Bennett, H. A., author; Pulliam, D. R., author; Weber, Jacob, author; Leonard, Warren H., author; Allen Wilber H., author; Burdick, R. T., author; Willis, E. S., author; Kiely, R. E., author; Brown, Robert, author; Fagan, L. H., author; Ginn, A. M., author; Rigden, Charles, author; Bei

Abstract

Includes subject index (pages 496-503)., Issues of Through the Leaves for the year 1930 (volume 18). Includes articles, photographs, and illustrations related to beet farming in Colorado.

Published
1930

16. Through the leaves, 1931-1932

Author

Andrews, Lyman H., author; Maynard, E. J., author; Hollenbeck, Earl, author; Shay, Harry W., author; Roach, D. J., author; Kirkpatrick, R. O., author; Outcalt, W. E., author; Barr, R. M., author; Rupple, George, author; Rupple, David, author; Cleveland, Robert M., author; Slothauer, George, author; Shay, Harry W., author; Hammond, L. M., author; Clement, M. S., author; Millice, Ralph, author; Schaffer, Roy, author; Chapin, Ray, author; Solt, Clem, author; Boillot, John, author; Maxson, Asa C., author; Riddell, Harvey, author; Scilley, Hugh, author; Kimmons, R. L., author; Graves, Herbert E., author; Barkley, C. E., author; Watson, A. M., author; Rice, J. S., author; Bischoff, R. K., author; Dahlberg, Henry W., author; Smith, C. A., author; Stevens, T., author; Kiely, R. E., author; Foster, B. E., author; Smith, George A., author; McCreery, N. R., author; Winter, C. B., author; Firestine, Conrad, author; Butcher, J. K., author; Haarhuees, J. P., author; Stewart, George, author; Pittman, D. W., author; Maddux, C. V., author; Fairbanks, B. W., author; Roemer, Robert, author; Osland, H. B., author; Thorne, Gerald, author; Kezer, Alvin, author; Lippitt, W. D., author; Hyde, Arthur M., author; Smith, P. B., author; Farrell, J. W., author; Wieland, C. P., author; Conklin, George, author; Brewbaker, H. E., author; Mullowney, T. W., author; Summers, Thomas H., author; Heagney, W. F., author; Tilden, S. J., author; Nelson, W. A., author; Mondt, L. R., author; Kimmons, R. L., author; Snyder, E. E., author; Scilley Hugh, author; Robertson, D. W., author; Campbell, C. S., author; Eiker, A. C., author; Nuckols, S. B., author; Heldt, A. H., author; Williams, Alfred R., author; Hammond, L. M., author; Stevens, Theodore, author; Eshleman, Charles, author; Billings, M. A., author; Doherty, Cecil W., author; Frisbie, Otto E., author; McMaster, P. H., author; Courtice, Irving J., author; Jurgans, Herman, author; Mann, Charles F., author; Moore, E. C., author; Parshall, R. L., author and Andrews, Lyman H., author; Maynard, E. J., author; Hollenbeck, Earl, author; Shay, Harry W., author; Roach, D. J., author; Kirkpatrick, R. O., author; Outcalt, W. E., author; Barr, R. M., author; Rupple, George, author; Rupple, David, author; Cleveland, Robert M., author; Slothauer, George, author; Shay, Harry W., author; Hammond, L. M., author; Clement, M. S., author; Millice, Ralph, author; Schaffer, Roy, author; Chapin, Ray, author; Solt, Clem, author; Boillot, John, author; Maxson, Asa C., author; Riddell, Harvey, author; Scilley, Hugh, author; Kimmons, R. L., author; Graves, Herbert E., author; Barkley, C. E., author; Watson, A. M., author; Rice, J. S., author; Bischoff, R. K., author; Dahlberg, Henry W., author; Smith, C. A., author; Stevens, T., author; Kiely, R. E., author; Foster, B. E., author; Smith, George A., author; McCreery, N. R., author; Winter, C. B., author; Firestine, Conrad, author; Butcher, J. K., author; Haarhuees, J. P., author; Stewart, George, author; Pittman, D. W., author; Maddux, C. V., author; Fairbanks, B. W., author; Roemer, Robert, author; Osland, H. B., author; Thorne, Gerald, author; Kezer, Alvin, author; Lippitt, W. D., author; Hyde, Arthur M., author; Smith, P. B., author; Farrell, J. W., author; Wieland, C. P., author; Conklin, George, author; Brewbaker, H. E., author; Mullowney, T. W., author; Summers, Thomas H., author; Heagney, W. F., author; Tilden, S. J., author; Nelson, W. A., author; Mondt, L. R., author; Kimmons, R. L., author; Snyder, E. E., author; Scilley Hugh, author; Robertson, D. W., author; Campbell, C. S., author; Eiker, A. C., author; Nuckols, S. B., author; Heldt, A. H., author; Williams, Alfred R., author; Hammond, L. M., author; Stevens, Theodore, author; Eshleman, Charles, author; Billings, M. A., author; Doherty, Cecil W., author; Frisbie, Otto E., author; McMaster, P. H., author; Courtice, Irving J., author; Jurgans, Herman, author; Mann, Charles F., author; Moore, E. C., author; Parshall, R. L., author

Abstract

Issues of Through the Leaves for the years 1931 (volume 19) and 1932 (volume 20). Includes articles, photographs, and illustrations related to beet farming in Colorado.

Published
1931

17. Through the leaves, 1933-1934

Author

Osland, H. B, author; Maxson, Asa C., author; Roach, D. J., author; Alden, Lee, author; Stelk, O. F., author; Becker, B. I., author; Berry, C. A., author; Jurgens, Herman, author; Stevens, T., author; Andrews, Lyman H., author; Looper, H. S., author; Watson, A. M., author; Kiely, R. E., author; Kimmons, R. L., author; Hammond, L. M., author; Maxson, Asa C., author; Smith, P. B., author; Frisbie, Otto E., author; Holmes, George B., author; Billings, M. A., author; Mondt, L. R., author; Smith, George, author; Bischoff, R. K., author; Suddith, F. H., author; Snyder, E. E., author; Michal, Jacob, author; Gardner, Robert, author; Brewbaker, H. E., author; Herrmann, George, author; Swartz, Vern, author; Hodges, Phil, author; Stephen, A. B., author; Matteson, E. J., author; Rice, J. S., author; Rockwell, C. A., author; Nelson, W. A., author; Mead, I. P., author; Schwartz, Jacob, author; Rodewald, R. J., author; Swartz, Vern, author; Osborn, C. F., author; Mason, J. R., author; Millice, R. B., author; Johnson, Andrew, author; Stewart, T. G., author; Williams, A. R., author; Mattoon, Maxwell, author; Lascelles, H. R., author; Maynard, E. J., author; Rodewald, R. G., author; Bluebaugh, James, author; English, J. G., author; Stelk, O. F., author; Holmes, George B., author; Reed, G. O., author; Willis, E. S., author; Nida, T. C., author; Clement, M. S., author; Conklin, George, author; Kellett, Leo, author; Pitcher, Lynn, author; Rodewald, C. J., author; Roemer, Robert, author; Maynard, E. J., author; Jessup, J., author; Juergens, Herman, author; Helzer, Herman, author; Frisbie, Otto E., author; Williams, Alford R., author; Mowry, Carl J., author; Comer, John, author; Code, W. E., author; Andrews, Lyman H., author; Brandt, F. O., author; Nelson, W. A., author; Coons, G. H., author; Brandes, E. W., author and Osland, H. B, author; Maxson, Asa C., author; Roach, D. J., author; Alden, Lee, author; Stelk, O. F., author; Becker, B. I., author; Berry, C. A., author; Jurgens, Herman, author; Stevens, T., author; Andrews, Lyman H., author; Looper, H. S., author; Watson, A. M., author; Kiely, R. E., author; Kimmons, R. L., author; Hammond, L. M., author; Maxson, Asa C., author; Smith, P. B., author; Frisbie, Otto E., author; Holmes, George B., author; Billings, M. A., author; Mondt, L. R., author; Smith, George, author; Bischoff, R. K., author; Suddith, F. H., author; Snyder, E. E., author; Michal, Jacob, author; Gardner, Robert, author; Brewbaker, H. E., author; Herrmann, George, author; Swartz, Vern, author; Hodges, Phil, author; Stephen, A. B., author; Matteson, E. J., author; Rice, J. S., author; Rockwell, C. A., author; Nelson, W. A., author; Mead, I. P., author; Schwartz, Jacob, author; Rodewald, R. J., author; Swartz, Vern, author; Osborn, C. F., author; Mason, J. R., author; Millice, R. B., author; Johnson, Andrew, author; Stewart, T. G., author; Williams, A. R., author; Mattoon, Maxwell, author; Lascelles, H. R., author; Maynard, E. J., author; Rodewald, R. G., author; Bluebaugh, James, author; English, J. G., author; Stelk, O. F., author; Holmes, George B., author; Reed, G. O., author; Willis, E. S., author; Nida, T. C., author; Clement, M. S., author; Conklin, George, author; Kellett, Leo, author; Pitcher, Lynn, author; Rodewald, C. J., author; Roemer, Robert, author; Maynard, E. J., author; Jessup, J., author; Juergens, Herman, author; Helzer, Herman, author; Frisbie, Otto E., author; Williams, Alford R., author; Mowry, Carl J., author; Comer, John, author; Code, W. E., author; Andrews, Lyman H., author; Brandt, F. O., author; Nelson, W. A., author; Coons, G. H., author; Brandes, E. W., author

Abstract

Issues of Through the Leaves for the years 1933 (volume 21) and 1934 (volume 22). Includes articles, photographs, and illustrations related to beet farming in Colorado.

Published
1933

19. The Community-Engaged Lab: A Case-Study Introduction for Developmental Science.

Author

Liu J, Partington S, Suh Y, Finiasz Z, Flanagan T, Kocher D, Kiely R, Kortenaar M, and Kushnir T

Abstract

Due to the closing of campuses, museums, and other public spaces during the pandemic, the typical avenues for recruitment, partnership, and dissemination are now unavailable to developmental labs. In this paper, we show how a shift in perspective has impacted our lab's ability to successfully transition to virtual work during the COVID-19 shut-down. This begins by recognizing that any lab that relies on local communities to engage in human research is itself a community organization . From this, we introduce a community-engaged lab model, and explain how it works using our own activities during the pandemic as an example. To begin, we introduce the vocabulary of mission-driven community organizations and show how we applied the key ideas of mission, vision, and culture to discussions of our own lab's identity. We contrast the community-engaged lab model with a traditional bi-directional model of recruitment from and dissemination to communities and describe how the community-engaged model can be used to reframe these and other ordinary lab activities. Our activities during the pandemic serve as a case study: we formed new community partnerships, engaged with child "citizen-scientists" in online research, and opened new avenues of virtual programming. One year later, we see modest but quantifiable impact of this approach: a return to pre-pandemic diversity in our samples, new engagement opportunities for trainees, and new sustainable partnerships. We end by discussing the promise and limitations of the community-engaged lab model for the future of developmental research., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Liu, Partington, Suh, Finiasz, Flanagan, Kocher, Kiely, Kortenaar and Kushnir.)

Published
2021
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20. Personal wellbeing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): association with PTSD symptoms during and following treatment.

Author

Berle D, Hilbrink D, Russell-Williams C, Kiely R, Hardaker L, Garwood N, Gilchrist A, and Steel Z

Subjects
Anxiety etiology, Anxiety therapy, Depression etiology, Depression therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Health Status, Patient Satisfaction, Psychotherapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic therapy
Abstract

Background: It remains unclear to what extent treatment-related gains in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms translate to improvements in broader domains of personal wellbeing, such as community connectedness, life achievement and security. We sought to determine whether: 1. personal wellbeing improves during the course of a treatment program and 2. changes in core symptom domains (PTSD, anxiety and depression) were associated with improvements in overall personal wellbeing., Methods: Participants (N = 124) completed the PTSD Checklist, the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales and the Personal Wellbeing Index at the start and end of a 4-week Trauma Focused CBT residential program, as well as 3- and 9-months post-treatment., Results: Personal wellbeing improved significantly across the 9-months of the study. Generalised estimating equations analyses indicated that (older) age and improvements in PTSD and depressive symptoms were independent predictors of personal wellbeing across time., Conclusions: Although personal wellbeing improved in tandem with PTSD symptoms, the magnitude of improvement was small. These findings highlight a need to better understand how improvements in personal wellbeing can be optimised following PTSD treatment.

Published
2018
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21. Improved detection of bacterial pathogens in patients presenting with gastroenteritis by use of the EntericBio real-time Gastro Panel I assay.

Author

Koziel M, Kiely R, Blake L, O'Callaghan I, Corcoran GD, Lucey B, and Sleator RD

Subjects
Bacteria classification, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Humans, Ireland, Predictive Value of Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity, Time Factors, Bacteria isolation & purification, Bacterial Infections diagnosis, Bacteriological Techniques methods, Feces microbiology, Gastroenteritis microbiology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods
Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the use of EntericBio real-time Gastro Panel I (Serosep, Limerick, Ireland) for routine use in a clinical microbiology laboratory for simultaneous detection of Campylobacter jejuni, coli, and lari, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. in feces. This system differs from its predecessor (the EntericBio Panel II system, Serosep) in that it allows real-time detection of pathogens directly from feces, without pre-enrichment. It also specifically detects Campylobacter jejuni, coli, and lari rather than all Campylobacter species, as is the case with the previous system. A total of 528 samples from patients presenting with acute gastroenteritis were screened prospectively with this assay, and results were compared with those of the current method, which combines screening the samples with a molecular assay (the EntericBio Panel II assay) and retrospective culture of the specimens in which the target was detected. Discrepancy analysis was conducted using culture and molecular methods. The real-time assay produced 84 positive results, specifically, Campylobacter spp. (n=44); Stx1 and/or Stx2 (n=35); Shigella spp. (n=3); and Salmonella spp. (n=6). Of these, 4 samples represented coinfections with Campylobacter spp. and STEC. The real-time assay showed an increased detection rate for pathogens, apart from Salmonella spp. Four Campylobacter-positive and 6 Stx-positive results remained unconfirmed by any other method used. The isolation rates for PCR-positive samples were as follows: Campylobacter spp., 80%; STEC, 45.7%; Salmonella spp., 100%; and Shigella spp., 66.7%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and efficiency were 100%, 97.8%, 88.1%, 100%, and 98.1%, respectively.

Published
2013
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22. The role of ADP-ribosylation in regulating DNA double-strand break repair.

Author

Pears CJ, Couto CA, Wang HY, Borer C, Kiely R, and Lakin ND

Subjects
Dictyostelium metabolism, Genomic Instability, Humans, Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases genetics, Adenosine Diphosphate metabolism, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, DNA Repair, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases metabolism
Abstract

ADP-ribosylation is the post translational modification of proteins catalysed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). ADP-ribosylation has been implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes including cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis and transcriptional regulation. Perhaps the best characterised role, however, is in DNA repair and genome stability where ADP-ribosylation promotes resolution of DNA single strand breaks. Although ADP-ribosylation also occurs at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which ARTs catalyse this reaction and the molecular basis of how this modification regulates their repair remains a matter of debate. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how ADP-ribosylation regulates DSB repair. Specifically, we highlight studies using the genetic model organism Dictyostelium, in addition to vertebrate cells that identify a third ART that accelerates DSB repair by non-homologous end-joining through promoting the interaction of repair factors with DNA lesions. The implications of these data with regards to how ADP-ribosylation regulates DNA repair and genome stability are discussed.

Published
2012
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23. PARP regulates nonhomologous end joining through retention of Ku at double-strand breaks.

Author

Couto CA, Wang HY, Green JC, Kiely R, Siddaway R, Borer C, Pears CJ, and Lakin ND

Subjects
DNA genetics, DNA Damage, Dictyostelium genetics, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Immunoblotting, Immunoprecipitation, Ku Autoantigen, Sequence Alignment, ADP Ribose Transferases metabolism, Antigens, Nuclear metabolism, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, DNA Repair, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases genetics, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases metabolism, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases physiology
Abstract

Poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation (PARylation) by poly ADP-ribose (PAR) polymerases (PARPs) is an early response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this paper, we exploit Dictyostelium discoideum to uncover a novel role for PARylation in regulating nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). PARylation occurred at single-strand breaks, and two PARPs, Adprt1b and Adprt2, were required for resistance to this kind of DNA damage. In contrast, although Adprt1b was dispensable for PARylation at DSBs, Adprt1a and, to a lesser extent, Adprt2 were required for this event. Disruption of adprt2 had a subtle impact on the ability of cells to perform NHEJ. However, disruption of adprt1a decreased the ability of cells to perform end joining with a concomitant increase in homologous recombination. PAR-dependent regulation of NHEJ was achieved through promoting recruitment and/or retention of Ku at DSBs. Furthermore, a PAR interaction motif in Ku70 was required for this regulation and efficient NHEJ. These data illustrate that PARylation at DSBs promotes NHEJ through recruitment or retention of repair factors at sites of DNA damage.

Published
2011
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24. DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice in Dictyostelium.

Author

Hsu DW, Kiely R, Couto CA, Wang HY, Hudson JJ, Borer C, Pears CJ, and Lakin ND

Subjects
Antigens, Nuclear genetics, Antigens, Nuclear metabolism, DNA, Protozoan genetics, DNA, Protozoan metabolism, DNA-Activated Protein Kinase metabolism, DNA-Binding Proteins deficiency, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Dictyostelium metabolism, Ku Autoantigen, Recombination, Genetic, Transcription Factors deficiency, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, DNA Repair, Dictyostelium genetics
Abstract

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can be repaired by homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The mechanisms that govern whether a DSB is repaired by NHEJ or HR remain unclear. Here, we characterise DSB repair in the amoeba Dictyostelium. HR is the principal pathway responsible for resistance to DSBs during vegetative cell growth, a stage of the life cycle when cells are predominantly in G2. However, we illustrate that restriction-enzyme-mediated integration of DNA into the Dictyostelium genome is possible during this stage of the life cycle and that this is mediated by an active NHEJ pathway. We illustrate that Dclre1, a protein with similarity to the vertebrate NHEJ factor Artemis, is required for NHEJ independently of DNA termini complexity. Although vegetative dclre1(-) cells are not radiosensitive, they exhibit delayed DSB repair, further supporting a role for NHEJ during this stage of the life cycle. By contrast, cells lacking the Ku80 component of the Ku heterodimer that binds DNA ends to facilitate NHEJ exhibit no such defect and deletion of ku80 suppresses the DSB repair defect of dclre1(-) cells through increasing HR efficiency. These data illustrate a functional NHEJ pathway in vegetative Dictyostelium and the importance of Ku in regulating DSB repair choice during this phase of the life cycle.

Published
2011
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25. The Ino80 chromatin-remodeling complex restores chromatin structure during UV DNA damage repair.

Author

Sarkar S, Kiely R, and McHugh PJ

Subjects
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, DNA Damage, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins genetics, Ultraviolet Rays, Chromatin metabolism, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, DNA Repair, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins metabolism
Abstract

Chromatin structure is modulated during deoxyribonucleic acid excision repair, but how this is achieved is unclear. Loss of the yeast Ino80 chromatin-remodeling complex (Ino80-C) moderately sensitizes cells to ultraviolet (UV) light. In this paper, we show that INO80 acts in the same genetic pathway as nucleotide excision repair (NER) and that the Ino80-C contributes to efficient UV photoproduct removal in a region of high nucleosome occupancy. Moreover, Ino80 interacts with the early NER damage recognition complex Rad4-Rad23 and is recruited to chromatin by Rad4 in a UV damage-dependent manner. Using a modified chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we find that chromatin disruption during UV lesion repair is normal, whereas the restoration of nucleosome structure is defective in ino80 mutant cells. Collectively, our work suggests that Ino80 is recruited to sites of UV lesion repair through interactions with the NER apparatus and is required for the restoration of chromatin structure after repair.

Published
2010
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